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The high rate of unauthorized strikes in Israel can be attributed to the structural dualism of the largest and most important trade union in Israel— the Histadruth. In structural dualism a reference is made to the incompatibility between the organizational characteristics of the upper echelons of the union, i.e., the trade union department and those of the lower echelons, i.e. the workers' committees. Their goals and relationship with their constituency and political parties are incongruous. While the trade union department adheres to the prescriptions of the national economic policies as put forward by the Labor Alignment party, workers' committees are committed to the short run economic goals of their members at the shop level.
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A model is developed which explains the factors involve d in a trade union's decision to pres s a grievance to arbitration. This model is then used to analyze the impact of policy initiatives designed to reduce the costs of arbitration, speed up the process and facilitate mediation prior to arbitration. Finally a number of research strategies for validating the model are proposed and discussed.
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Après avoir établi la chronologie d'une lutte syndicale au niveau local, l'auteur présente les diverses formes de consciences syndicales et de leaderships d'action, et dégage le processus interne de cette action syndicale par rapport au système des relations du travail.
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In this paper the author examines whether male-female wage differentials have narrowed over time, whether such differentials narrow or widen at the peak of a business cycle, and whether the stricter enforcement of equal pay legislation in recent years has influenced these differentials.
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This paper examines the Israeli experience with spectoral job evaluation and incomes policy analysis, and the causes for the abortive attempt.
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Dans la première partie de cet article, l'auteur tente de dégager les grandes lignes de l'évolution en matière de compensation et de prévention des accidents. Ensuite, l'auteur s'efforce de circonscrire la conception présente quant aux objectifs à poursuivre et aux principaux moyens à utiliser.
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The hospital study described here is one of a variety of organizational communication studies in several different countries and organizations as part of the International Communication Associations Communication Audit Project.
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This article reviews "Labor in the United States" by Sanford Coher.
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This study compares the methods that are used to determine wages in the developing and developed countries of the Americas.
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This article reviews the study « Des travailleurs et des emplois » by le Conseil Économique du Canada (Ottawa).
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La notion de « système » est largement utilisée dans le domaine des relations industrielles, et cela, depuis fort longtemps. Elle implique un mode de reconstitution de la réalité différent de l'approche causale linéaire sur laquelle se fonde la méthodologie de la recherche empirique. Au lieu d'accentuer les différences entre ces deux modes de réflexion, les auteurs de cet article tentent de démontrer qu'ils sont complémentaires pour l'acquisition des connaissances dans le domaine des sciences humaines.
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In order to induce firms to feel indifferent towards the sexes in their recruitment for the administrative level, the cause of preference towards males must be eliminated. In this paper the author discusses the preference for males that arise out of expected lower turnover for male employees.
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This paper examines the effect of the unemployment insurance scheme on the duration of unemployment spells in Canada in the period 1953-1973.
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The objective of this paper is to examine the operation of individual labour markets from the point of view of possible government intervention. The first section sets out a theoretical framework describing the operation of individual labour markets, while the second section develops a two-stage approach for identifying the sources of persistent imbalances in particular labour markets. The third section applies the proposed approach to three occupations in the Toronto area : auto mechanics ; sewing-machine operators ; and packaging hands. Alternative approaches by government are suggested for dealing with these imbalances.
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Cet article tente d'illustrer le particularisme du régime de relations du travail dans l'industrie de la construction au Québec.
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This paper develops a simple industry bargaing model with explicit consideration of the determinants of the bargaining range and the narrowing of that range over time as a function of perceived bargaining power and costs of settlement. The model is then applied to the public-interest sector under altered assumptions of costs of settlement and the introduction of political influences in the determination of bargaining paths. The impact of third party intervention is considered in both the industry and public-interest sector cases.
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