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Depuis les années 1990, le Canada reçoit un nombre croissant de travailleurs migrants temporaires, parmi lesquels des travailleurs agricoles. Au Québec, ces derniers sont surtout recrutés à travers deux programmes : le Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (principalement mexicains) et le Programme des travailleurs peu qualifiés (surtout guatémaltèques jusqu’en 2010). Ces deux programmes, qui imposent aux travailleurs un lien fixe avec leur employeur, sont gérés et mis en oeuvre par la Fondation des entreprises en recrutement de main-d’oeuvre étrangère (FERME). Cet article vise à analyser la conformité des conditions de travail des travailleurs agricoles migrants, telles que supervisées par FERME et garanties par les employeurs québécois, avec l’article 46 de la Charte québécoise, qui garantit le droit à des conditions de travail justes et raisonnables. Cette analyse met en lumière une forte dépendance des travailleurs envers leur employeur aux niveaux légal, financier et psychologique. Cette dépendance est à l’origine d’abus de la part de certains employeurs, desquels découlent des violations de l’article 46 de la Charte québécoise. L’interprétation de cet article à la lumière du droit international des droits de la personne vient enrichir le contexte interprétatif de cette disposition et conférer une importance plus grande à ce droit économique et social. Alors que le lien fixe avec l’employeur a été établi afin de retenir la main-d’oeuvre dans le secteur agricole, il devient un vecteur de vulnérabilisation accrue de ces travailleurs. Dans ce contexte, l’article se veut un jalon dans la prise de conscience de la non conformité du traitement de certains travailleurs agricoles migrants aux instruments des droits de la personne, en particulier, mais pas uniquement, au Québec.
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The article reviews the book, "Equity, Diversity, and Canadian Labour," edited by Gerald Hunt and David Rayside.
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English/French abstracts of articles in the Spring 2010 issue.
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English/French abstracts of articles in the Fall 2010 issue.
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The article reviews the book, "Feeding the World: An Economic History of Agriculture, 1800-2000," by Giovanni Federico.
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The article reviews the book," Just Watch Me: The Life of Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Volume Two: 1968-2000," by John English.
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The article reviews the book, "Children of Fate: Childhood, Class, and the State in Chile, 1850-1930" by Nara B. Milanich.
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The article reviews the book, "Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment," edited by Leah F. Vosko, Martha MacDonald and Iain Campbell.
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Globalization, Flexibilization and Working Conditions in Asia and the Pacific, edited by Sangheon Lee and Francois Eyraud, is reviewed.
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No Small Change: Pension Funds and Corporate Engagement, by Tessa Hebb, is reviewed.
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The Effects of Mass Immigration on Canadian Living Standards and Society, edited by Herbert Grubel, is reviewed.
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Drawing on data collected as part of a larger study of the experience of restructuring in the nonprofit (voluntary) social services in Canada and Australia, this article explores the responses to four overlapping interview questions regarding what drew nonprofit social service workers to the sector, what were the positive and negative aspects of working in the sector, and, if given the power, what is the one thing they would change. Responses to these questions highlight the way social service workers wish they could work, factors that impede this work, decrease worker autonomy and increase management control over their labour process. These new findings will be compared to findings from an earlier study of restructuring in the public and nonprofit Canadian social services, highlighting the way that changes in the labour process suppress or facilitate the empowerment of workers, including their capacity to dream of a better future.
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Drawing on comparative, qualitative data, this article explores unionization in the Canadian and Australian nonprofit social services. The article shows that the growth of unionization in this sector in Canada had little to do with deliberate strategies for union renewal. Instead, union growth and activism rose organically from the values orientation of the predominantly female workforce and the curtailment of workplace opportunities for social justice struggles. The Australian example reflects the conflux of legal contexts, political parties, managerial approaches, and the servicing model of unionism. The article concludes with a discussion of possibilities for those seeking to revitalize the union movement.
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During the era of neoliberalism, the nonprofit services sector has simultaneously been a site of (a) promarket restructuring and collective and individual resistance and (b) alternative forms of service delivery. Drawing on data collected as part of an ethnographic study in the Canadian nonprofit social services sector, this article explores the impacts of some of restructuring on professional, quasi-professional, and managerial employees in eight unionized, nonprofit social services. The data show that the adoption of social unionism has permitted some nonprofit social service workers to initiate new processes through which to have a voice in far-reaching social issues, sometimes in coalition with management and/or clients. The findings of this study point to the irrepressibility of the participatory spirit and its capacity to seek new forms and practices despite the stretched and restructured conditions of today’s nonprofit social services sector.
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Worker Representation and Workplace Health and Safety, by David Walters and Theo Nichols, is reviewed.
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In 2002, approximately two-thirds of school teachers in the Canadian province of Alberta went on strike. Drawing on media, government and union documents, this case study reveals some contours of the political economy of labor relations in education that are normally hidden from view. Among these features are that the state can react to worker resistance by legally pressuring trade unions and justifying this action as in the public interest. This justification seeks to divide the working class and pit segments of it against each other. The state may also seek to limit discussion and settlements to monetary matters to avoid constraining its ability to manage the workplace or the educational system. This analysis provides a basis for developing a broader theory of the political economy of labor relations in education. It also provides trade unionists in education with information useful in formulating a strike strategy.