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A chapter of the book "Labour/Le Travail" is presented. It explores the historical works on immigrants in Canada that offer significant contributions to immigrant history in the country. It highlights the emergence of new approaches that promote new ways of writing about immigrants. It highlights the belief of scholars that race-ethnicity is a significant category of analysis as well as issues on the popularity of the class-gender-race/ethnicity analytical framework.

A chapter of the book "Labour/Le Travail" is presented. It highlights the objective why people deny the proletarian character of slaves. It examines the relationship between history and politics. It mentions the attempt of the governments to establish universal suffrage and universal arming of the people.

The article reviews the book, "Max Shachtman and his Left: A Socialist's Odyssey Through the American Century," by Peter Drucker.

The article reviews the book, "Les almanachs républicains: Traditions révolutionnaires et culture politique des masses populaires de Paris," by Ronald Gosselin.

The editor apologizes for the deletion of figures as well as an error on page 126 of the article, "Strikes and Class Consciousness," published in the Fall 1994 issue.

Announces the launch of the Canadian Committee on Labour History's website and Michael Lonardo's Canadian labour history bibliography (English only), with the latter on the website of Memorial University. Sean Cadigan has joined the editorial team as assistant editor and Andrew Parnaby is doing an internship as did his predecessor Michael Butt. Donations were also received to establish the Eugene Forsey Prize for student essays on labour and working-class history and to continue the work on labour education.

Workers and Canadian History is a collection of twelve essays by Gregory Kealey, the recognized Canadian leader in the growing field of working-class history. Available for the first time in a single volume, the essays provide an extensive study of various trends and themes in Canadian labour and working-class history, covering debates, major developments in historiography, and key events in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Kealey provides an overview of the study of workers in Canada as well as in-depth examinations of two of the field's leading scholars, political economist Clare Pentland and Marxist historian Stanley Bréhaut Ryerson. He analyses the development of Canadian labour history in particular and social history in general, and provides detailed empirical studies of the Orange Order in Toronto, printers and their unions, the Knights of Labor, and the Canadian labour revolt of 1919. The collection concludes with three synthetic views of Canadian working-class history focusing on the labour movement, the role of strikes, and attempts by the state to manage class conflict. --Publisher's description. Contents: Part 1: Antecedents. Writing about Labour -- H.C. Pentland and Working-Class Studies -- Stanley Bréhaut Ryerson: Canadian Revolutionary and Marxist Historian. Part 2: Debates. Labour and Working-Class History in Canada: Prospects in the 1980s. -- The Writing of Social History in English Canada, 1970-84. Part 3: Studies of Class and Class Conflict. Orangemen and the Corporation: The Politics of Class in Toronto during the Union of the Canadas -- Work Control, the Labour Process, and Nineteenth-Century Canadian Printers -- The Bonds of Unity: The Knights of Labor in Ontario, 1880-1900 / Gregory S. Kealey and Bryan D. Palmer -- 1919: The Canadian Labour Revolt. Part 4: Overviews. The Structure of Canadian Working-Class History -- Strikes in Canada, 1891-1950 / Gregory S. Kealey and Douglas Cruikshank -- The Canadian State's Attempt to Manage Class Conflict, 1900-48.

From 1870 to 1970 between ten and twenty per cent of women in paid work held jobs described by the Canadian census as "professional." In this important historical study, Mary Kinnear explores the experience of the first generations of professional women in Canada. Kinnear presents five case studies of professional women in Manitoba: university teachers, physicians, lawyers, nurses, and schoolteachers. Although the unrelenting efforts of nineteenth-century feminists won women access to higher education and the professions, the author reveals that most women, whether in male- or female-dominated professions, were forced to accept subordinate positions. They responded with acquiescence, indifference, resentment, or resistance. Kinnear considers the reasons for and the cost of these various strategies. In addition to quantitative data culled from census and other records, Kinnear has collected testimony from more than two hundred professional women, a rich mine of information. A significant contribution to the growing literature on women and the professions, In Subordination helps explain why professional women continue to fight for equality today. --Publisher's description

This investigation interrogates State documents that were part of organizing the anti-homosexual security campaign in the late 1950s and 19605 in the Canadian civil service that led to hundreds of men and women being dismissed and transferred from their jobs. This critical analysis provides an entry point into the textually-mediated social organization of this security campaign. Crucial to this were ideological conceptualizations of `national security' and 'character weakness' that were used to mandate practices of surveillance, dismissal, and transfer. This security campaign led to the identification of thousands of suspected gay men and lesbians that moved far beyond the civil service; to state-funded research on identifying homosexuals called the 'fruit machine'; to debates within the security regime over how broad-ranging this campaign should be; and to non-cooperation from lesbians and gay men.

This article examines the Worker Educational Association's National Labour Forum radio series as it developed into a popular, and politically contentious, program with a weekly national audience of 100,000. The series quickly evoked the condemnation of CD. Howe. head of the powerful Department of Munitions and Supply, and embroiled the program and the WEA in the sectarian struggles of the labour movement. Eventually the WEA was expelled from its central role in the production of Labour Forum and control was transferred to the state's Wartime Information Board and its Committee of Industrial Morale. The Trades and Labour Congress and Canadian Congress of Labour bureaucrats slowly responded to a persistent chorus of protest from workers and union locals, withdrawing their support one year prior to its cancellation in 1944.

The article reviews the book, "Workers' Culture in Imperial Germany: Leisure and Recreation in the Rhineland and Westphalia," by Lynn Abrams.

The article reviews the book, "La qualité totale: nouvelle panacée du secteur public ?," by Gérard Éthier.

Avec ce numéro thématique, la revue Relations industrielles/Industrial Relations publie pour la première fois des articles en ergonomie. De ce fait, le présent article vise deux objectifs: définir l'objet d'étude, l'objectif et la méthodologie d'intervention propres à l'ergonomie et mettre en lumière les points de rencontre et les perspectives de collaboration entre relations industrielles et ergonomie. L'intérêt porté à la question de la collaboration entre ces deux disciplines est expliqué, entre autres, par une «coïncidence historique ». Du cóté de l'ergonomie, la popularité des volets « organisation du travail » et « gestion sociale de l'intervention ergonomique » succéderait à une période où les énergies ont été concentrées sur le développement de modalités concrètes de travail en commun avec les disciplines techniques comme l'ingénierie, l'informatique et l'architecture. Parallèlement à cela, du cóté des relations industrielles s'est développé un intérêt de plus en plus marqué pour les problèmes pratiques de gestion posés par les micromécanismes organisationnels que représente, dans l'entreprise, l'activité réelle et informelle des opérateurs. Trois formes concrètes de collaboration à faire naître entre ergonomes et spécialistes en relations industrielles sont proposées.

Two objectives are pursued: to define the object of study, the objectives and the methodology that are characteristic of ergonomics, and to highlight the common points and possibilities of collaboration between industrial relations and ergonomics. The interest inherent in a collaboration between these 2 disciplines is explained, among other things by a historical coincidence. On the ergonomics side, a period that concentrated on developing concrete ways of collaborating with technical disciplines like engineering, computing and architecture has given way to a focus on work organization and the social management aspect of ergonomics intervention. At the same time, industrial relations has developed a more pronounced interest in the practical management problems that are posed by micro-organizational processes within firms, namely, the informal work activities of operators.

The article reviews the book, "L'Europe des communistes," by José Gotovitch, Pascal Delwit, and Jean-Michel DeWaele.

The article reviews the books by Neville Kirk including "Labour and Society in Britain and the USA: Capitalism, Custom and Protest, 1780-1850" and "Labour and Society in Britain and the USA: Challenge and Accommodation, 1850-1939."

The article reviews the book, "The Prophet's Children: Travels on the American Left," by Tim Wohlforth

The Ontario Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and Recreation has provided funds for research, documentation, and publication of Ontario workplace heritage. In 1994, grants were disbursed for four projects, including a video production on the thirtieth anniversary of the postal workers' strike, a video and booklet focused on preserving workers' heritage in Ottawa, a video tour guide (entitled Mapping the Workers' City) on Hamilton, and a audio documentary on the history of the Northern Ontario labour movement. Takes note of a forthcoming labour conference at the University of Oregon.

Announces that records of the Laurentian University Faculty Association's 1989 strike have been deposited at the university's archives. Also announces a 60-page bibliography of British Columbia's labour history is available that was compiled by graduate students at Simon Fraser University. Briefly reported are recent conferences of the Pacific Northwest Labor History Association on labour and the environment (University of Oregon) and at the University of Northern British Columbia on new directions in BC history.

Labour bureaucracy has long been a subject of interest to sociologists and industrial relations specialists, but it has rarely been examined by labour historians. In Red Flags and Red Tape Mark Leier aims to understand how and why bureaucracy came to dominate an organization that was established to promote greater democracy for the working class. The formative years of the Vancouver Trades and Labour Council, from 1889 to 1910, provide the basis for his study of the interplay between bureaucracy, class, and ideology. Leier sets himself three tasks: he examines the theoretical debates on the labour bureaucracy; he investigates the early history of the VTLC to show how and why bureaucratic structures evolve over time; and he looks at the ideology and personnel of the labour council to try to understand the complex relationship between bureaucrats on the left and right of the political spectrum. He describes the ideology of the bureaucrats (including their attitudes towards gender and race) and how it compares to that of the council's members, and observes that bureaucrats are defined by their power over a movement rather than by their ideology. Finally, since the VTLC was, at different times, dominated by labourists and socialists, Leier explores why different leaders held variant or antagonistic views. Leier concludes that the pressure of trade unionism and the class position of labour officials led to increased bureaucracy and conservatism, even among the socialists of the labour council, and as the Vancouver Trades and Labour Council matured, increased red tape isolated the officials from the membership. --Publisher's description