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The article reviews the book, "Comprendre le comportement de l'individu au travail: un schéma d'intégration," by N. Petersen and R. Jacob.

The article reviews the book, "Comparative Industrial Relations: Contemporary Research and Theory," edited by Roy J. Adams.

The article reviews the book, "Le mythe de l'entreprise," by J.P. Le Goff.

The article reviews the book, "Merit Pay : Linking Pay Increases to Performance Ratings," by Robert L. Heneman.

The essence of a system of extending collective agreements to nonunionized parts of an industry which is unique in North America and specific to Quebec is to allow government to make some provisions of a collective agreement compulsory for 3rd parties, employers, and wage-earners who are not parties to the agreement. Most commonly, a sort of 2-stage negotiation takes place. First, the unionized firms, the ones with certified unions, negotiate their collective agreement as they would normally do under the Labor Code provisions. Then a 2nd round takes place on a voluntary basis among the employers and unions that are interested in filing a request with the Minister of Labor to have their agreement extended. When the minister receives the petition of the parties and the text of the agreement, they are first both published. The minister receives any objections during a period of 30 days. The extension is proclaimed by way of a decree or order-in-council. Despite difficulties, the system operates, and most likely, to the satisfaction of the parties directly involved in its day-to-day functioning.

Canadian input-output and census data is used from 1961, 1971, and 1981 to decompose employment changes during each decade into 9 sources. The goals are to identify: the main sources of growth in aggregate employment, factors which facilitated the more rapid growth of employment in the 1970s, and some reasons for intersectoral shifts of employment and changes in occupational composition of employment. The share of information-related jobs in total employment grew more rapidly during the 1960s than the 1970s. Most of the growth in the share of information workers in total employment has derived from changes in the occupational mix. However, differences in growth rates of employment between industries, related to differences in the rates of change in hours worked, labor productivity, final demand and changes in the input-output matrix, have also contributed to this shift toward information-related occupations.

This paper underlines the significance of farm dwellers to the wage labour force during the first half of the 19th century. It begins with a consideration of the influences which led farm dwellers in the northeast Maritimes to seek wage work. It then examines the types of work that they became involved with, emphasizing the variety in their work experiences, both in local and in distant settings. It concludes with a consideration of some of the consequences that followed from the involvement of farm dwellers in wage labour.

The article reviews the books "Who Built America? Working People and the Nation's Economy, Politics, Culture and Society: From Conquest and Colonization Through Reconstruction and the Great Uprising of 1877," Vol. I, by Bruce Levine, Stephen Brier, and David Brundage and "Who Built America? Working People and the Nation's Economy, Politics, Culture and Society: From the Gilded Age to the Present," Vol. II, by Joshua Freeman, Nelson Lichtenstein, and Susan Porter Benson.

The article reviews the book, "Getting Work: Philadelphia, 1840-1950," by Walter Licht.

The article reviews the book, "Index et résumés des sentences arbitrales de griefs, logiciel «Naturel»," by Coplanam Ltée.

The article reviews the book, "Traité de négociation collective," by Gérard Hébert.

Working Families takes the reader onto the streets of Montreal and into the homes of its working-class families during the years that it became a major, industrial city. Between the 1860s and 1890s the expansion of wage labour changed the bases of family survival. It offered new possibilities and created new points of tension within the families of the emerging working class. Here we meet the men, youth, and children who worked for wages. We see the women who stayed home with their young, cooked and sewed, planted gardens and tended animals, stretching their often meagre family wages into goods and services for survival. We also see the ingenuity and agony of women whose husbands lost their jobs, fell ill, drank up their wages, deserted their families, or died. Working Families explores the complex variety of responses of working-class families to their new lives within industrial capitalist society, and offers new ways of looking at the industrial revolution in Canada. --Publisher's description

The article reviews the book, "Labour Arbitration in America," by the National Academy of Arbitrators and the NAA Research and Education Foundation.

The article reviews the book, "Jurisprudence commentée en droit du travail, de 1898 à nos jours," by Fernand Morin.

Each year, for generations, poor, ill-clad Newfoundland fishermen sailed out "to the ice" to hunt seals in the hope of a few pennies in wages from the prosperous merchants of St. John's. The year 1914 witnessed the worst in a long line of tragedies that were part of their way of life. For two long days and freezing nights a party of seal hunters - one hundred thirty-two men - were left stranded on a ice field floating in the North Atlantic in winter. They were thinly dressed, with almost no food, and with no hope of shelter on the ice against the snow or the constant, bitter winds. To survive, they had to keep moving, always moving. Those who lay down to rest died.... Publisher's description

The article reviews the book, "Classes sociales et mouvements sociaux au Québec et au Canada: Essai-synthese et bibliographie," by David Descent, Louis Maheu, Martin Robitaille, and Gilles Simard.

The article reviews the book, "Schooling for "Good Rebels": Socialist Education for Children in the United States, 1900-1920," by Kenneth Teitelbaum.

This essay explores relations of gender and class, and the strategies developed by male unionists in defence of masculine craft status in the International Typo- graphical Union (ITU), the International Printing Pressmen's and Assistants' Union (IPP&AU), and the International Brotherhood of Bookbinders (IBB), between 1850 and 1914. The ITU and IPP&AU organized along masculine craft lines and effectively defended their status within the workplace with industrial capitalist incursions and the mechanization of the production process. A crisis to male domination of typesetting occurred with the introduction of machine typesetting in newspaper production during the early 1890s. The ITU succeeded in securing control over the operations of the machines for its predominately male membership. By the mid-19th century the work of press feeder was defined as unskilled work suitable for women and boys. With the introduction of larger and faster presses during the last two decades of the 19th century, the IPP&AU struggled to appropriate the task for masculinity using the male breadwinner ideal. The IBB actively supported the organization of women bindery workers from its inception in 1892, albeit with the intent of protecting the interests of journeymen.

Following capitalism's arrival on the Canadian Prairies, the desire to challenge the existing order grew within a number of sharply divided communities. Immediately following World War I, moderates and radicals alike responded to the grim realities of unemployment, starvation wages, poor working conditions, and unsanitary housing by challenging a contradictory system of social relations in a battle over the meaning of "democracy". It was a golden age of social criticism, as pioneer reformers reached out to the large community audiences. In colleges, in churches, and in a radicalized press, the arrival of reform was heralded as the coming of a new day. Few persons were as outspoken or were able to gain as wide an audience as William Ivens. As a Methodist minister, a Labour Church leader, a working-class intellectual, and eventually as a member of the Manitoba Legislative Assembly, William Ivens challenged the existing order. He represented a tendency in Western Canadian thought throughout the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. His Labour Church as a working-class institution helped forge a political space in the community. Ivens offered Manitobans a new social order based not on competition, but rather on co-operation. His tendency was the result of passing various elements of Marxism, and Labour Marxist thought through the lens of a non-conformist Christianity and Methodism. The end result was an ethical socialist social philosophy that effectively addressed the social problems of the period. As a spokes-person and as an agitator for social reform, Ivens' ethical socialist outlook achieved a consensus among radical and moderate labourists. His importance as an activist in the community and the type of reforms that he was advocating, make him an important, interesting and worthwhile study in Western Canadian history.