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A relatively new and potentially important administrative forum for interpreting the concept of reasonable accommodation has been created by the Ontario Workers' Compensation Act as amended in 1989. The revised act contained provisions requiring employers to reemploy, and where necessary make reasonable accommodations for, workers following an injury. Though representing an important reformation for the workers' compensation system, accommodation requirements are present in other labor market policy initiatives. The accommodation requirements in other legislation and jurisprudence in Canada are discussed, the recent reforms to the Ontario Workers' Compensation Act are described in which accommodation represents an integral component, and the new and emerging jurisprudence under the revised act are outlined.

The article reviews the book, "Persistent Inequalities," by Howard Botwinick.

In May 1879 construction workers struck on contract 15 of the CPR to demand back pay, restoration of wage structures, and improved board and medical attendance. The working conditiona, causea. and outcome of the strike were typical of the situation for unskilled labourers on large construction projects in the 19th century. The workers gained their back pay, but little else. At the same time, the strike contributed to the loss of the contract by the contractor, Joseph Whitehead, and perhaps also contributed to the end of the small contract system of building the transcontinental railway.

The article reviews the book, Travail et emploi: le temps des métamorphoses, edited by Michel Lallement.

The article reviews the book, "The Battle for Berlin Ontario: An Historical Drama," by W. R. Chadwick.

Some 24 Relationships by Objectives (RBO) programs conducted by the Education Relations Commission in Ontario were evaluated. An RBO is a form of preventive mediation and applies problem-solving techniques to attempt to reduce such unnecessary conflict as language disputes over grievances, strikes, and the time in negotiations. Mean conflict scores of the RBO boards are compared, before and after RBO, with those of the education sector and a control group of boards. Some evidence is found of a half-life effect for RBO programs since long-run conflict scores returned to pre-RBO levels. However, RBO appears to be effective in reducing conflict as measured by time to reach a settlement and number of grievance arbitrations over language issues.

Au cours du vingtième siècle, les syndicats ont joué un rôle majeur dans le système australien des relations industrielles. Ce rôle a été confié au mouvement syndical par la Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Act de 1904. Cette loi, la base du système d'arbitrage australien, encourageait fortement l'adhésion syndicale et consacrait effectivement les syndicats comme unique voix des travailleurs. Les immigrants en Australie y trouvent alors un mouvement syndical fort et bien organisé pouvant les accueillir. Plusieurs immigrants n'ont eu d'autre choix que de devenir syndiqués. Un bon nombre d'ateliers fermés de facto existaient, plus particulièrement pour les travailleurs manuels dans les secteurs manufacturiers, du transport et de la construction, tous employeurs importants de main-d'œuvre immigrante en provenance de milieux non anglophones (IMNA). En conséquence, les taux de densité syndicale pour les IMNA ont toujours été plus élevés que ceux des australiens d'origine et des immigrants anglophones. Cet article s'intéresse à la façon dont les syndicats ont relevé les défis posés par un groupe d'immigrants membres, les femmes IMNA. Nous examinons le niveau de service offerts à celles-ci par les syndicats, l'étendue de la participation de ces syndicalistes dans leurs syndicats et les priorités qu'elles représentent pour ceux-ci. La documentation existante sur ce sujet souligne le manque de services spéciaux pour satisfaire aux besoins des IMNA syndiqués féminins. On y indique également que ces membres ont un bas niveau de participation dans les activités syndicales telles les votes et la présence aux assemblées, qu'elles sont grandement sous-représentées dans les postes d'officiers et que les syndicats ne s'attardent pas aux préoccupations importantes pour les immigrantes. On conclut en outre que ces facteurs amènent les IMNA femmes syndiquées à être aliénées envers les syndicats et à percevoir ceux-ci de façon négative. Ces prétentions sont cependant sujettes à débat sur au moins deux volets. D'abord, ces études ont été menées durant les années 1970 ou au début des années 1980 et leurs conclusions peuvent ne pas tenir pour les années 1990. Ensuite, ces prétentions pourraient aussi bien s'appliquer aux membres féminins de langue anglaise. Notre recherche vise alors à vérifier si les conclusions tirées dans le passé valent encore et à déterminer s'il y a des différences entre les membres féminins anglophones et les IMNA vis-à-vis leurs syndicats. Cette étude s'appuie sur des données provenant de trois sources : une enquête par questionnaire auprès de tous les syndicats de l'État de Victoria avec un taux de réponse de 55% (N=128), des études de cas de six syndicats en procédant à des entrevues et à des analyses des dossiers, ainsi qu'une enquête par questionnaire auprès d'un échantillon des membres de ces syndicats. Ce dernier questionnaire a été traduit dans dix langues et a connu un taux de réponse de 56% (N=1730). Notre étude démontre que même si une variété de services aux IMNA ont connu une expansion dans les années 1980 et au début des années 1990, un seul service, un cours de formation, visait spécifiquement les IMNA féminins syndiqués et tel service n'était offert que par cinq syndicats. Nous expliquons ce manque de service par trois facteurs interreliés : les ressources syndicales limitées, le statut minoritaire des IMNA féminins dans la plupart des syndicats et les attitudes des dirigeants syndicaux à plein temps. Comparé à leur proportion du nombre total de membres, les IMNA féminins, en dépit d'améliorations durant les années 1980, demeurent sous-représentées de façon significative parmi les dirigeants syndicaux à plein temps, plus particulièrement au niveau supérieur. Cependant, nous avons observé des taux de participation similaires des IMNA et des membres féminins anglophones dans la plupart des activités syndicales visant les membres. Finalement, les priorités industrielles majeures de ces deux groupes de membres sont similaires. Les deux groupes veulent voir leurs syndicats se concentrer sur les préoccupations traditionnelles, telles la sécurité d'emploi et les conditions de travail. Cependant, les IMNA syndiqués féminins accordent beaucoup plus d'importance aux sujets reliés aux immigrants que leurs collègues anglophones.

The article reviews the book, "La négociation. De la théorie à la pratique," by Jacjues Rojot.

The article reviews the book, "Power and Resistance in an African Society: The Ciskei Xhosa and the Making of South Africa," by Les Switzer.

The article reviews the book, "Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain," by Antonio R. Damasio.

The article reviews the book, "Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness," by Roger Penrose.

The article reviews two books: "Between the Fields and the City: Women, Work, and the Family in Russia, 1861-1914," by Barbara Alpern Engel, and "Women, the State and Revolution: Soviet Family Policy and Social Life, 1917-1936," by Wendy Z. Goldman.

ln acknowledging and incorporating significant episodes of the past into the present landscape, monuments can provide the inhabitants of a place with an interactive heritage: a heritage based on the fusion of past and present, deepening a sense of place by providing the means to possess a common identity, that is to belong to a fellowship of place. The intent of this practicum was the development of a contextually based monument which relies on an integration of elements and contextual relationships to convey its meaning. With this goal in mind, the evolution of the monument was studied in order to gain a better understanding of it as a theoretical concept and valid functional element. The intent of this study was the development of programmatic guidelines for a contextually based monument. The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 provided the perfect subject for the design of a commemorative monument which would be based on an application of the developed program. Site selection for this specific commemorative monument was based on the applicability to historical criteria and thematic issue derived from a study of the Winnípeg General Strike. ln addressing and defining each of the requirements, the design has achieved its purpose in illustrating the practical application of a theoretical concept, the contextual monument.

A chapter of the book "Labour/Le Travail" is presented. It explores the historical works on immigrants in Canada that offer significant contributions to immigrant history in the country. It highlights the emergence of new approaches that promote new ways of writing about immigrants. It highlights the belief of scholars that race-ethnicity is a significant category of analysis as well as issues on the popularity of the class-gender-race/ethnicity analytical framework.

A chapter of the book "Labour/Le Travail" is presented. It highlights the objective why people deny the proletarian character of slaves. It examines the relationship between history and politics. It mentions the attempt of the governments to establish universal suffrage and universal arming of the people.

The article reviews the book, "Max Shachtman and his Left: A Socialist's Odyssey Through the American Century," by Peter Drucker.

The article reviews the book, "Les almanachs républicains: Traditions révolutionnaires et culture politique des masses populaires de Paris," by Ronald Gosselin.

The editor apologizes for the deletion of figures as well as an error on page 126 of the article, "Strikes and Class Consciousness," published in the Fall 1994 issue.

Announces the launch of the Canadian Committee on Labour History's website and Michael Lonardo's Canadian labour history bibliography (English only), with the latter on the website of Memorial University. Sean Cadigan has joined the editorial team as assistant editor and Andrew Parnaby is doing an internship as did his predecessor Michael Butt. Donations were also received to establish the Eugene Forsey Prize for student essays on labour and working-class history and to continue the work on labour education.

Workers and Canadian History is a collection of twelve essays by Gregory Kealey, the recognized Canadian leader in the growing field of working-class history. Available for the first time in a single volume, the essays provide an extensive study of various trends and themes in Canadian labour and working-class history, covering debates, major developments in historiography, and key events in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Kealey provides an overview of the study of workers in Canada as well as in-depth examinations of two of the field's leading scholars, political economist Clare Pentland and Marxist historian Stanley Bréhaut Ryerson. He analyses the development of Canadian labour history in particular and social history in general, and provides detailed empirical studies of the Orange Order in Toronto, printers and their unions, the Knights of Labor, and the Canadian labour revolt of 1919. The collection concludes with three synthetic views of Canadian working-class history focusing on the labour movement, the role of strikes, and attempts by the state to manage class conflict. --Publisher's description. Contents: Part 1: Antecedents. Writing about Labour -- H.C. Pentland and Working-Class Studies -- Stanley Bréhaut Ryerson: Canadian Revolutionary and Marxist Historian. Part 2: Debates. Labour and Working-Class History in Canada: Prospects in the 1980s. -- The Writing of Social History in English Canada, 1970-84. Part 3: Studies of Class and Class Conflict. Orangemen and the Corporation: The Politics of Class in Toronto during the Union of the Canadas -- Work Control, the Labour Process, and Nineteenth-Century Canadian Printers -- The Bonds of Unity: The Knights of Labor in Ontario, 1880-1900 / Gregory S. Kealey and Bryan D. Palmer -- 1919: The Canadian Labour Revolt. Part 4: Overviews. The Structure of Canadian Working-Class History -- Strikes in Canada, 1891-1950 / Gregory S. Kealey and Douglas Cruikshank -- The Canadian State's Attempt to Manage Class Conflict, 1900-48.