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This paper examines charivaris and whitecapping in 19th-century North America. Establishing the presence of the charivan/shivaree over the course of the century and of whitecapping in the years 1885-1905, the study examines two particular ritualistic forms of enforcing community standards and behaviour. Commonly directed against unnatural marriage, sexual offenders, wife beaters, and those who defied acceptable standards of behaviour (including employers and strikebreakers), charivaris and whitecapping posed the threatening order of custom against the rule of law. As such, they challenged, implicitly if not explicitly, a developing bourgeois hegemony. In studying them, we learn much about society and culture, order and disorder, in the 19th-century past, forces crucial to an understanding of the plebeian and working-class communities.
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This article analyzes the causes and significance of the 1907 Toronto Bell Telephone strike, which aroused considerable public sympathy and resulted in a Royal Commission. The author discusses the attitudes of the Bell Telephone Company, the government (especially Mackenzie King), middle class opinion and organized labour towards these women workers. She also examines some of the reasons for the operators' failure to make substantial gains or organize into a union, despite their militant effort to fight wage cutbacks and an increase in hours.
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The 1916 Hamilton machinists' strike was the first prolonged work stoppage to disrupt munitions production during the First World War. It exhibited many of the features which were to become a fixed pattern in Canadian industrial relations through to 1919: fierce employer resistance to the demands of organized labour: opportunistic policy decisions by government and the Imperial Munitions Board: and embattled trade union leaders struggling to assert their own code of responsible union behaviour against a restive membership. This paper explores each of these themes as well as the strike's impact on the labour movement in Hamilton and the rest of Canada.
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[The article studies] the sugar beet workers of Southern Alberta and their attempt during the Depression to organize a trade union. Radical militants from the Farmers and Workers Unity Leagues organized the foreign born workers and in 1935 and 1936 led strikes which brought the "class struggle" to the farm gate. Observing the exploitative relationship which also existed between the beet growers and the Rogers Sugar Company, union leaders attempted to create a worker-grower movement against the Company. This proved an unrealizable goal, and the collaboration of growers, the sugar company and the state ultimately crushed the beet workers' union.
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English/French abstracts of articles in the issue.
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Le 8 février 1978, Monsieur le juge Jean-Guy Boulard de la Cour Supérieure a prononcé un jugement mettant en cause le règlement n° 717 (1970) relatif à l'avis de licenciement collectif On se souviendra que ce règlement a été adopté en 1970 afin de préciser l'article 45 de la Loi sur la formation et la qualification professionnelles (Bill 49) établissant le programme québécois de reclassement de la main-d'oeuvre victime de licenciement collectif. Ce texte établissait les aspects opérationnels du programme de reclassement. Or ce jugement décide de rendre « invalides et inopérants » trois articles importants de ce règlement et de ce programme. Vu la portée de ce jugement, nous le publions ici in extenso.
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This anthology consists largely of eyewitness accounts of - and often by - the working men, women, and children of Canada. Beyond the institutional history of trade unions and labour partiees are massive changes in patterns of thought, economic life, standards of living, and conditions of work. In these primary sources, we may glimpse these changes, see their impact in human terms, and hear the voices of the unorganized, the unemployed, and the oppressed, as well as those of union officials and skilled workers with hopes of rapid upward mobility. Most significantly, these documents suggest not only new directions for the student of Canadian social history, but also major revisions of some traditional assumptions of the historian. These readings - most taken from rare, out-of-print, or previously unavailable documents -- tell of life and work in an industrializing, expanding Canada; of conditions in mines, factories, farms and lumber camps; of the cruel exploitation of women and immigrant workers; and of the great migration in these years from country to city. They represent almost all the provinces and range over conditions in Victorian times to those faced today by field labour and immigrant men and women in modern sweatshops. In their own words, describing their dailly confrtontation with life, we can listen to a Calgary charwoman, a Japanese fisherman, a Cape Breton miner, a Jewish ragpicker, an Italian railroad worker, a Quebec garment worker, a Ukrainian farm-boy, and scores of others. Here is the most vivid account yet of the problem faced by Canadian workers, both native and immigrant; of their distinctive attitudes and traditions; and, above all, of their courage and bitter struggle for equality and a better life. The book as a whole is an important contribution to the movement in recent years to deepen and broaden our labour history. -- Publisher's description. Partial contents note: Introduction (pages 1-2) -- Working conditions, 1900-1918 (pages 3- 75) -- Poverty, home life, and leisure (pages 76-150) -- Women's work (pages 151- 215) -- Working conditions and the rise of the CIO (pages 216-306) -- Bibliographical note (pages 307-310).
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This paper explores the relationship between a six-dimensional achievement scale, as well as some socio-economic characteristics and perception of employment assurance, desired job characteristics, income aspiration level and willingness to make an effort for obtaining desired job characteristics by students in the province of Québec.
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This article reviews "Les jeunes face aux conditions et au milieu de travail" by le Bureau international du travail (Genève).
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The author examines the role and forms of industrial democracy in the enterprise and when in the process of selection of questions, study and analysis, search for solutions and defining the final decision and which methods of implementation shall employees and their union share, and in what manner, the responsibilities of decision-making with management. Current arrangements must be viewed essentially as transitional accommodations in the unending search for viable, more satisfying and productive plans.
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