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Based on responses from 752 unionized organizations in Canada, a study examines the association between the quality of labor-management relations and a number of organizations outcomes. The average relationship between an employer and its major bargaining unit was moderately cooperative, with 28% of respondents reporting adversarial relations and 5% indicating a highly cooperative relationship. Results from ordered probit estimation indicated that more favorable organizational outcomes (as measured by management perceptions) were generally associated with a more cooperative relationship between union and management.
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The article reviews the book, "L'État des relations professionnelles : traditions et perspectives de la recherche," edited by Gregor Murray, Marie-Laure Morin and Isabel Da Costa.
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The article reviews and comments extensivley on the books "Capitalism Comes to the Backcountry: The Goodyear Invasion of Napanee," by Bryan Palmer and "Working at Inglis: The Life and Death of Canadian Factory," David Sobel and Susan Meurer.
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Discusses the federal Liberals' majority win under Jean Chrétien and its implications for the other political parties.
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Empirical studies of union membership usually group all professionals together in one occupational category. A current study uses a simultaneous equations approach to analyze the union or collective bargaining association membership status of a sample of 9,417 employed Canadian professionals and managers from 16 different occupational groups. The results support the hypothesis that there are significant differences among professions in the probability of their members being in unions or collective bargaining associations. The relative differences are explicable in terms of the characteristics of the professions concerned.
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The article reviews the book, "Team Toyota: Transplanting the Toyota Culture to the Camry Plant in Kentucky," by Terry L. Besser.
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In 1924, the General Hospital at Kingston, Ontario, began a process of rationalisation, following Taylorist principles of scientific management. In concurrence with the restructuring of other N orth American hospitals, and with the advice given in professional literature, the Governors of K.G.H. secured the services of R.F. Armstrong, a civil engineer. His mandate was to facilitate the transformation of K.G.H. into an efficient, economical modem health institution which would attract not just indigent patients, but also upper-class, paying clients. Part I of this paper analyses the process by wrhich rationalisation was wreaked upon student nurses in the K.G.H. Nurse Training School, considering these women not primarily as students but as an unpaid labour force. I argue that administrators employed a combination of paternalism and scientific management in an attempt to conform student-wrorkers into an 'ideal nurse labourer', as defined by historically specific discourses of gender, class, and Canadian nation/race which converged in the image of the Nurse. Balancing this 'top-down' approach, Part II of the paper attempts to reconstruct student-workers' experiences of and responses to nursing training. Using nurses' cultural productions and oral interview's, I explore the concept of 'everyday resistance' in the contexts of the Nurses' Home and the hospital workshop, arguing that the continual supervision and surveillance endured by student-workers did not preclude successful attempts to wrrite their own script for their experience of nursing. To the contrary, nurses-in-training developed a culture of mutuality which provided them with the resources to resist and ameliorate the most repressive and totalising aspects of hospital labour and residence life. The result of this reconsideration of nursing training is an increased understanding of student nurse labourers as individuals with hopes and expectations of their own, rather than simply dutiful, obedient daughters in the hospital 'family' who accepted their subordination to the 'ethic of service'.
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The article reviews the book, "On the March: Labour Rebellions in the British Caribbean, 1934-1939," by O. Nigel Bolland.
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The article reviews the book, "Autowork," edited by Robert Asher and Ronald Edsforth.
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Since the passage of the first anti-discrimination laws in North America, the number of groups of classes protected has slowly expanded to include the disabled. British Columbia is the only jurisdiction in Canada in which obesity per se has been found to be a covered disability. All other Canadian jurisdictions that have explicitly addressed the issue require claimants to prove that their obesity is a disabling condition and has an underlying involuntary medical cause. Despite the reticence of various human rights agencies, there is ample legal basis for including obesity as a covered disability under human rights law.
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[E]xamines labour process developments within Canada and Australia during the later 19th and early 20th centuries. In contrast to traditional labour process studies, which have focused upon the development of sophisticated forms of managerial control within modern industry, this comparative analysis stresses the much simpler forms of labour control that existed within Canadian and Australian rural and urban workplaces. The paper explores the reasons underlying differences in labour process developments, and argues for the need to broaden labour process analysis in order to take account of spatial and geographic variations in working life.
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Benchmarking is being used extensively in management's drive to achieve ‘world class’ levels of performance. The majority of benchmarking studies have little if anything to say about working conditions or the tradeoffs between productivity improvements and the conditions of working life. This article is based on a study which focuses on working conditions as described by workers, raising questions about the tradeoffs betwcen work reorganization and the quality of working life under Lean Production. The results, based on a survey of 1670 workers at 16 different companies, suggest that work life under Lean Production has not improved. Compared with workers in traditional Fordist style plants, those at Lean companies reported their work load was heavier and faster. They rcported work loads were increasing and becoming faster. They reported it was difficult to change things they did not like about their job and that it was becoming more difficult to get time off. While our survey results suggest that working in traditional Fordist plants is far from paradise, they also suggest that working in Lean plants is worse. At a minimum, our results should be viewed as a wake-up call to those who have painted a positive picture of work under Lean Production.
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English/French abstracts of articles published in the issue.
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List of recent publications by the Committee.
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