Search

Editorial introduction to: Symposium sur les relations d’emploi et les nouveaux acteurs dans les économies émergentes / Symposium on Employment Relations and New Actors in Emerging Economies.

The article chronicles the development of two retail workers' unionization efforts that took place in the Toronto, Ontario area in the 1990s. It examines the role that women labor leaders Wynne Hartviksen and Debora De Angelis played in organizing the drives and describes how their personal experiences working in low-wage and non-benefited retail jobs contributed to their beliefs as workers' rights activists. It also presents comments from both Hartviksen and De Angelis on topics such as fear exhibited by employees regarding being punished by employers for joining unions and their efforts to contact and recruit potential union members through mailings, phone calls, and personal interviews.

Review of: Insidious Workplace Behavior ed. by Jerald Greenberg.

The article reviews the book, "Sex Slaves and Discourse Masters: The Construction of Trafficking," by Jo Doezema.

The article reviews the book, "Good, Reliable, White Men: Railroad Brotherhoods, 1877-1917," by Paul Michael Taillon.

The article reviews the book, "Les identités au travail: analyses et controverses," edited by Jean-Yves Causer, Jean-Pierre Durand and William Gasparini.

La crisis de representación sindical es uno de los hechos vinculados al mundo del trabajo más relevantes de los últimos treinta años. Los estudios sobre representación sindical han tomado habitualmente como medida de su nivel a la tasa de afiliación. No obstante, se puede profundizar el análisis, incorporando otros elementos que permitan explicar la participación de los trabajadores en el marco de los sindicatos, como medida del nivel de representación. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente artículo es doble. Por un lado, profundizar sobre los aspectos vinculados con la participación sindical de los trabajadores, más allá de la afiliación, incorporando otros elementos que permitan caracterizarla a partir de niveles de participación. Vinculado a ello, por otro lado, se pretende establecer la influencia que tienen los factores asociados a las características del trabajador, de la empresa y sociolaborales en la participación sindical de los trabajadores argentinos. Para identificar los distintos niveles de participación se realizó un análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples y de cluster que posibilitó determinar la existencia de tres grupos: los trabajadores ‘desvinculados’ del sindicato, los ‘periféricos’ y los ‘integrados’ al sindicato. Por su parte, la importancia de distintos factores relacionados con características de los trabajadores, de la empresa y sociolaborales en la definición de estos grupos se evaluó a través de un modelo de regresión logística multinomial. El resultado del análisis llevado adelante muestra que los factores vinculados a la empresa no inciden en la posición en que se encuentra el trabajador con respecto al sindicato. A su vez, la probabilidad de pasar de una situación periférica a una desvinculada se encuentra fuertemente relacionada con las características del trabajador, mientras que el cambio hacia un nivel de integración mayor se halla condicionado por los rasgos sociolaborales, tales como la presencia sindical y la antigüedad. // The crisis in union representation is one of the most relevant labour-related issues of the last thirty years. Studies about union representation usually consider unionization to be central to the evaluation of this crisis. However, this analysis can be deepened by incorporating other elements that explain workers' union participation as a measure of representation levels. In this context, this paper has two objectives. First, to analyze the factors that influence worker participation in unions considering, besides membership, other elements that characterize labor participation. Second, but in connection with the first objective, it aims to establish how this participation is influenced by factors related to worker, firm, and socio-occupational characteristics. To identify different levels of employee involvement we carry out a multiple correspondence analysis and a cluster analysis, both of which enable us to build three groups of employees along a continuum from the least to the most committed to the union. A multinomial logistic regression model is applied to establish the relative importance of different factors associated with worker, firm, and socio-occupational characteristics on the definition of these groups. The results show that firm-related factors do not affect worker participation in unions. In turn, the probability of moving to a non-participative situation is strongly related to worker characteristics, while the shift to a higher level of commitment is conditioned by socio-occupational characteristics, such as the presence of unions and seniority.

The article reviews and comments on the books "The Problem of the Future World: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Race Concept at Midcentury" by Eric Porter and "Wrestling With the Left: The Making of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man," by Barbara Foley.

Editorial introduction to the issue.

This thesis is a study of the role of the United Mine Workers of America, District 18 in the development of Workmen's Compensation legislation in Alberta. It also an investigation into the creation of District 18's Welfare Fund in the post-war period and the fund's relationship to workers' compensation legislation. The miners initiated the movement for workers' compensation in Alberta and the first law in this regard was passed in 1908. After that year, District 18 continued to be prominent in working to improve the content and administration of the legislation as it affected miners and the Alberta working class. As a result of the insufficiency of workers' compensation, District 18 created a Welfare Fund. It was not designed to replace state-provided welfare, but to provide help to members where the law fell short. The fund, as such, was an exercise in working-class agency and mutual aid.

Against the background of liberalization, privatization and financial crisis, unions face a declining number of core members. In emerging economies, the informal economy represents a large and growing proportion of the workforce. In many countries, unions have sought to engage these workers through "community unionism." This article draws on in-depth research to investigate how community unionism has been employed in Mozambique, an emerging economy in Africa. In doing so, it asks whether trade union engagement with community organizations is characterized by a strategic or piecemeal approach, the degree to which there are mutual benefits, and whether the relationship is sustainable in the longer term. Analysis of findings suggests that community unionism is vibrant within Mozambique, but that questions arise regarding its longer-term viability.

For many years, workers petitioned the Supreme Court of Canada to intervene in labour relations to protect their collective bargaining rights. Finally, the Court answered the call, but the drastic changes made were not what workers expected. This thesis outlines the effect that the Court’s decision to intervene in labour relations had on the existing collective bargaining model. In making this determination, a historical analysis was done of the Court’s attitude towards using section 2(d) Freedom to Associate to protect collective bargaining, followed by a comparative analysis with United States jurisprudence to explain the effect of the Canadian decisions on the statutory provisions. The analysis revealed that the decisions had significantly weakened protections for workers’ rights, and provided the basis to conclude that the Supreme Court of Canada had used the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to deradicalize the existing collective bargaining model.

The Shifting Landscape of Work is a contributed text that explores contemporary issues pertaining to labour in the context of race, class, age, economics, and gender, presented from a left-of-center perspective. All of the contributors are well known and respected scholars in their field of research. The authors challenge students to think about the dynamics of the labour market, including the realities of unpaid work and the impact of structural shifts in societal power relations. --Publisher's description

Comment évoluent depuis la fin 1970 les statut et pratiques de négociation collective ? Quelles transformations sont repérables dans le comportement des acteurs ? Les six pays retenus dans cet article – Allemagne, Espagne, France, Grande-Bretagne, Italie, Suède – disposent de systèmes de relations professionnelles originaux. Les bouleversements économiques et sociaux poussent à des transformations, parallèlement à l’enjeu de l’Europe en construction. Les difficultés nées de la longue crise économique ne déstructurent pas ces systèmes, ni ne nivellent leur diversité. Les acteurs se montrent adaptables et jouent sur une acceptation sociale historiquement acquise pour maintenir leur influence. Ils investissent de nouveaux thèmes (emploi) et de nouveaux espaces d’échange (comités d’entreprise européens, pactes sociaux). Réponse apparemment rationnelle et efficace dans la crise, la négociation collective voit plutôt renforcée son statut, son cahier des charges densifié – dans les pays du continent européen. La Grande-Bretagne fait exception ; la mise en cause frontale du système de négociation collective et du pouvoir syndical souligne par contraste la tendance commune aux autres pays.Progressivement la négociation collective est perçue comme le pivot des systèmes de relations professionnelles ; les acteurs collectifs tendent à s’identifier à leur fonction de négociateurs. La dissolution des anciennes alliances entre syndicats et partis inaugure un mouvement peu commenté de dépolitisation du projet syndical, avec recentrage sur l’espace des relations professionnelles. Avec le 21e siècle, des contradictions apparaissent. Les acteurs, patronaux et syndicaux, perdent en représentativité et en capacité d’intégration de bases hétérogènes. Les systèmes de négociation perdent en rendement ; les États les contournent ainsi que leurs acteurs pour piloter des transformations sociales. Plus qu’à une crise des systèmes, on a affaire à une crise des acteurs. Pour les syndicats, elle soulève la question de la revitalisation de leurs liens avec leurs mandants, comme celle des nouvelles alliances à construire.

The paper investigates the impact of flexitime programs in Britain using a linked dataset of employers and employees. Organizations adopt this practice for a variety of reasons, ranging from the concern for widening the scope for employee choice to the need to comply with public regulations. Recent public regulations are based on the premise that a rigid working hours culture exists in society that results in low levels of job satisfaction and ill and stressed employees. The results from the British Workplace Employment Relations Survey data show a weak relationship between flexitime and measures of job control used and, more importantly, the relationship is negative between flexitime and job security. There is also no evidence of the establishments with flexitime arrangements having less stressed employees.

Canada’s agricultural sector has relied on temporary foreign workers from Latin America and the Caribbean for more than 40 years. Since 1999, their numbers have tripled. Most temporary workers on farms are men, but the number of women is on the rise. Both depend on these work opportunities for the livelihoods of their families, yet women rely more heavily than men on this source of income since most are single mothers who have limited access to the labour market in sending countries because of persisting gender inequalities. In Canada, they endure precarious working and living conditions on the farms and face gender-specific challenges. This policy brief documents this new trend in temporary migration and highlights the vulnerabilities of female workers employed in Canada’s agricultural industry. The analysis is informed by various research projects, observation work and interviews with female migrant farm workers conducted in rural Canada and in sending countries over the past 10 years.

The economic crisis has revealed the extent to which sustaining the key tenets of the ‘Common Sense Revolution’, implemented by the Conservative government of Premier Mike Harris, have eroded the fiscal capacity of Ontario. The proposal to freeze public sector wages and the ensuing consultation with public sector unions and employers in the spring/summer of 2010 signal Ontario is about to return to the rollback neoliberalism that dominated the 1990s. The difference between now and then is the more defensive posture of organized labour and the limited capacities that exist to resist such an assault.

The article reviews the book, "The Axe and the Oath: Ordinary Life in the Middle Ages," by Robert Fossier, translated by Lydia G. Cochrane.

Economics for Everyone: A Short Guide to the Economics of Capitalism, by Jim Stanford, is reviewed.