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The contemporary movement for sex workers' rights emerges from a lengthy and complex legal history of sex workers challenging dominant discourses that frame prostitution as a public nuisance, moral offence, and violence against women. The existing literature demonstrates that sex workers and sex work activists resist oppressive and reductive discourse via community-based initiatives, lobbying efforts, and strategic litigation such as the successful constitutional challenge against Canada's prostitution laws in 2013 (Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford, 2013). However, there is a significant gap in understanding how sex workers and sex work activists enact resistance through embodied performance. As such, this thesis explores the ways in which sex worker rights activists resist dominant discourse and troubling public perceptions through symbolic communication and attire during protests. To this end, this research builds a conceptual framework that puts resistance literature in conversation with key theoretical insights from Michel Foucault and Judith Butler. Based on 143 publicly accessible images of sex worker rights protests in Canada between 2013-2023, a qualitative visual content analysis is deployed to examine how sex workers and sex work activists enact resistance through what the author calls the performance of the subject-self. The findings reveal how the subtle, creative, and symbolic aspects of sex work activism are serious and significant forms of political expression.

Based on the firsthand stories of dozens of women leaders in the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW), Women United examines what workplaces were like for women, how they became involved in the union, and the challenges women faced, sometimes at great personal cost. From struggles for representation in their union to their fight for affirmative action and childcare, and work against gender-based violence and harassment, Peggy Nash and Julie White show how these feminist activists were joined in struggle not only by their union sisters, but also by their sisters from the broader women’s movement, who learned from them about the importance of women’s workplace rights. Nash and White document the decades-long struggles of generations of women activists in the CAW, who, despite their few numbers, managed to build a better, more inclusive union. A testament to the union’s motto that "fighting back makes a difference," Women United makes an important contribution to feminist, labour, and social history. -- Publisher's description

Examines the anti-labour legislation of the the Doug Ford-led Conservative government in Ontario that saw the rollback of workers' rights. Discusses court challenges to the government's Bill 124, which restricted public sector pay increases to 1 percent. Documents the exponential growth of wealth accumulation by the very rich while most Ontarians' wages have stagnated or fallen. Concludes that organized workers and unions must become more militant to combat these trends. The Ontario Council of School Board Unions is cited as an example.

The rise of precarious work is an increasing concern for policymakers and researchers, with outsourcing frequently identified as a key driver. In response, skills development and formal qualifications are widely promoted as potential remedies. We examine this development through a categorization lens, focusing on two vocational credentials created for industrial services in Germany. By analyzing how industry actors categorize the work of apprenticeship-qualified employees, we investigate whether recategorizing peripheral jobs as skilled labour effectively addresses precarious employment.

Discusses the new, high quality reproductions of Henry Orenstein's mural , "Mine Mill Local 598," published in the current issue in conjunction with Elizabeth Quinlan's "Note and Correction" regarding the painting. The painting was originally reproduced on the cover of Labour/Le Travail, no. 93 (2024) as part of Quinlan's article, "Making Space for Creativity: Cultural Intiatives of Sudbury's Mine-Mill Local 598 in the Postwar Era."

The article reviews the book, "Just the Usual Work: The Social Worlds of Ida Martin, Working-Class Diarist," by Michael Boudreau and Bonnie Huskins.

This will be Ted McCoy's last volume as the English-language book review editor for Labour/Le Travail. The editors would like to take this opportunity to thank Ted for his service. Ted was appointed to this role in 2019 and has helped guide the review section of the journal through challenging times. In recent months, he has been generously helping to smooth the transition for Fred Burrill, who is taking on the position. Fred, of the University of New Brunswick, is no stranger to the pages of Labour/Le Travail. The editors, alongside French-language book review editor Camille Robert and managing editor Kathy Killoh, warmly welcome Fred to the editorial team. We invite the broader Labour/Le Travail community to welcome Fred too, particularly by accepting his invitations to write reviews and review essays. The review section provides an important, indeed vital, service to the intellectual life of the field, but it is very much dependent upon our collective willingness to contribute and enhance its breadth and depth. The review section of Labour/Le Travail has been the site of wide-ranging coverage and lively critical engagement for half a century; let it long remain so under the guidance of Fred and Camille.

The disparity in gender pay gaps among nonprofit organizations (NPOs) has rarely been studied. In this article, we examine this issue by focusing on French associations, which represent the vast majority of NPOs in this country, and more specifically those working in the health and social sectors. We start from the hypothesis that there is a negative correlation between the gender pay gap in these organizations and the share of public funding in their monetary resources. Two arguments are put forward to support this hypothesis: a) public authorities may make their funding, particularly through public procurement, conditional on the reduction of gender pay gaps within the organizations receiving public support; b) NPOs that are heavily dependent on this support are likely, through a process of hybridization, to adopt wage policies that are less unfavorable to women, as is the case in the public sector.

In this dissertation, I share the voices of South Asian women immigrant school teachers living in Toronto. In this era of global mass migration and the increasing number of women immigrants, I argue that it is important to examine how gender and race affect racialized immigrant women’s working experiences. Historically, racialized immigrant women in Canada have faced various forms of discrimination in the labour market: not only are their previous qualifications and experiences devalued in the job market, but after entering the job market, racial and gender identity remain a concern in their professional lives (Crea-Arsenio et al. 2022; Premji et al. 2014). While scholars have highlighted the common labour market barriers, the struggles of South Asian women when facing these challenges in seeking a specific career do not get enough attention in the academic world. A significant number of South Asian women must engage in precarious jobs that are not consistent with their skills and qualifications. Here, I recruited South Asian immigrant women who hold a teaching certificate in Ontario and are coping with the secondary-education labour market and/or other related jobs in Toronto. Guided by a Critical Race Feminist perspective, I used interpretive inquiry as a research methodology to facilitate participants telling their struggles, challenges, and negotiations of their everyday lives while living in a large urban center like Toronto. My analysis of this research shows that these South Asian groups of women must overcome barriers that are similar to many other non-racialized female professional immigrants - but as racialized female immigrants, they also face more challenges in accessing and coping with their current professions. My findings suggest that policymakers should focus on an adaptable labour-market transition process for these professional groups after migration. This could also be helpful for other racialized groups in general. Promulgation to eliminate systematic barriers through various forms is needed to decrease the substantial existence of teacher diversity gap in Ontario. Therefore, this study extends the available literature by considering voices of racialized immigrant women, thereby addressing some existing gaps in policy framework.

...In this paper, we aim to contribute to the scholarly literatures and related policy debates on LGBTQ+ work and life that [the Toronto-based advocacy organization] Egale highlights, and to bring these debates into economic geography and queer and trans geographies, fields which have heretofore only minimally examined sexual orientation and gender identity and/in the workplace.

Rethinking Feminist History and Theory considers the past, present, and future of feminist history and theory, emphasizing how feminism has influenced the histories of gender, class, and labour, and their intersections. This vibrant collection, inspired by the work of historian and women’s studies scholar Joan Sangster, features essays from academics across multiple disciplines, highlighting the dynamism of feminist historical scholarship in Canada. The book explores questions such as: How has women’s resistance and radicalism been expressed, lived, represented, and repressed over the past century? How do we research these phenomena? How do we situate feminism in relation to other movements for egalitarian social change? Contributors explicitly address these recurring themes, aiming to chart new directions for future research and teaching. While primarily Canadian-focused, the collection includes global perspectives, with contributions from scholars in Chile, Finland, Sweden, and the UK. These essays emphasize the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration, incorporating insights from labour studies, political economy, anthropology, legal studies, and feminist theory. Ultimately, Rethinking Feminist History and Theory engages deeply with Sangster’s rich and wide-ranging work to understand and interpret women’s experiences. It seeks to inspire future scholarship and teaching in feminist history and theory, showcasing the ongoing relevance and adaptability of feminist perspectives. -- Publisher's description

Indigenous resistance to colonization can intersect uncomfortably and often violently with a fight by workers to access Indigenous lands for extraction and jobs. Jobs have always been a literal frontier of settler colonial conflict because, simply put, colonization takes work. When immigrants began to settle through recruitment programmes en masse in Canada, they benefitted from a scale of colonial land seizure unknown anywhere else in the world at that time. The means by which to settle was the work—both required and provided—by corporations like the railroads, the Hudson’s Bay Company, and colonization enterprises. By the late 19th century, the market for wage labour on farms and in the central manufacturing regions was underway as industrialization took hold; the emergence of capitalism was born through its deep reliance on colonial land policy. For this reason, the political economy of colonialism can be studied through a long history of intersecting class formation and colonial land policy in Canada. We might call this dynamic the wages of settlement.

With the assistance of a Committee of experts, McMaster University partnered with the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) to develop the Caregiver Inclusive and Accommodating Organizations Standard (B701-17). The Standard provides workplace guidelines to better accommodate carer-workers through building carer-friendly workplace programs. A qualitative ex ante evaluation was undertaken to determine stakeholders’ (n=17) views regarding the significance and potential uptake of the Standard. This involved seeking feedback from stakeholders in various types of organizations across Canada, after they had read the draft Standard. Following transcription, interviews were thematically analyzed, resulting in four themes: (1) necessity; (2) impact of employer size; (3) motivators for implementation, and (4) use as an educational tool. Although initially in its early stages, the Standard now provides a key tool to improve accommodations for carer-workers.

The following thesis examines the complex reality of temporary migration within Canada's agricultural sector by investigating the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). The relevance of this inquiry hosts far-reaching implications for not only the wellbeing of migrant workers, but for the Canadian food-system, as well as migrant sending states. Furthermore, this research contributes additional knowledge and insights regarding the evolving interconnections between the climate and migration crisis that host critical impacts for Canada and the world moreover. In analyzing the impact of the SAWP on migrant workers' lives through two case studies, the project explores the interplay between climate change, globalization, neoliberalism, and liberalization in shaping the precarity faced by migrant workers in Canada. Despite the commonly advertised benefits of the SAWP, the study finds that structural barriers and power imbalances limit the realization of these benefits for migrant workers. The study ultimately explores the divided calls for reform across the sector, revealing the influence of widespread industry malpractice, and the presence of entrenched power hierarchies that have served to dominate the scope and direction of change. The research finds that the SAWP's structure and the broader context of inequalities related to globalization and neoliberalism hinder migrant workers' ability to leverage their assets and improve their livelihoods in Canada.

In this research, we investigated how senior women perceive working in workplaces that have received the Great Place to Work® label in France, compared to those in other workplaces. Our data came from the anonymous Trust Index© survey of 346,516 respondents from 418 organizations. We used hierarchical linear regression to examine the impact of work in such workplaces on perceptions of inclusion and fairness, as a function of respondent age and gender. Our findings, compared to those reported by Carberry and Meyers (2017) for the United States, suggest that best workplaces may influence these perceptions more strongly in France. While this award serves as a barrier against the sexist double standard of aging, it has a limited effect on how senior women perceive inclusion. Our research contributes to contemporary social exchange theory on intra-organizational social structuration based on age and gender. We suggest that employment branding labels should consider demographic characteristics prior to promoting a workplace as fair and inclusive for all employees, especially in the case of senior women in France.

This article reflects on the pedagogical tensions that emerged through a collective play creation process with migrant farm workers employed under Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). Drawing on Jacques Rancière’s conception of emancipation, the article considers how participants engaged in a theatre-based project that explored their lived experiences of unfree labour. While the process opened space for collective self-expression and aesthetic rupture, it also exposed the ambivalence and risk entangled with acts of visibility within systems of surveillance and control. Through an analysis of post-performance dialogue, the article contends that critical pedagogy under constraint must reckon with refusal and partial subjectification as politically meaningful. Emancipatory education, in this view, may emerge not through the orchestration of overt resistance, but through the negotiation of fragile and embodied expressions that unsettle dominant scripts.

Drawing on both the academic field and homeland security practices, this book addresses the essential themes in the study of policing: its origin, theorization and structure. It focuses on the public police in Canada, making it a unique and original perspective. It adopts a critical approach to the fundamental aspects of policing, including patrol, investigation, intelligence, private policing, and transnational policing. It also highlights the issues of legitimacy and image management, as well as the contemporary challenges organizations and individuals face. Reflecting the authors’ background, this book brings a criminological perspective to the study of Canadian policing while remaining rooted in its day-to-day practice. As such, it will appeal to those interested in the workings of traditional policing and those wishing to explore the more complex aspects of policing in society.

Discusses Orenstein's painting, "Mine Mill Local 598," which was reproduced on the cover of Labour/Le Travail, no. 93 (Spring 2024). Included are new, colour reproductions of the panels of the 39-foot-long mural, which Orenstein painted during a 1956 residency in Sudbury. The painting was thought to be no longer extant because of a 2008 fire, but in fact it is still held in the Sudbury union's collection.

All miners and smelter workers know the folly of going on strike when their employer holds a stockpile. In 1958 the International Nickel Company had enough nickel on hand to guarantee sales for at least six months. Despite this, fourteen thousand miners and smeltermen in Sudbury, Ontario, downed their tools and struck against the corporate titan of the mining industry. Standing Up to Big Nickel is a comprehensive portrait of a pivotal strike by the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers, a union that has inspired exceptional levels of solidarity among its members. The Cold War and the resulting instabilities in the Canadian labour movement form the backdrop to Elizabeth Quinlan’s engrossing analysis. The union straddled the line, she shows, between its historical commitment to working-class struggle and the newly restrictive legal landscape of the postwar era. Retrospective accounts by surviving union members, leaders, family, and community members bring to life the history of a distinctive group of workers who sweated over smelter furnaces and toiled underground in perilous conditions. Quinlan traces the events before, during, and after one of Canada’s greatest strikes in both magnitude and duration. Featuring biographical sketches and scenes based on archival and documentary data, Standing Up to Big Nickel captures an intensely dramatic juncture in Canadian labour history. --Publisher's description