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The article reviews the book, "Projecting capitalism: a history of the internationalization of the construction industry," by Marc Linder.

Cet article porte sur les approches utilisées dans les organisations pour amener les superviseurs à adopter un mode de gestion plus participatif de la sécurité au travail avec leurs employés. Les données présentées sont basées sur cinq études de cas réalisées selon un devis commun et analysées de façon comparative. Utilisant l'approche systémique du changement organisationnel, les auteurs développent le concept de stratégie de changement pour analyser les approches organisationnelles observées, en faisant l'hypothèse que ce sont les stratégies plus systématiques qui auront comme effets d'accroître l'utilisation de la gestion participative de la prévention par les superviseurs, et de réduire le taux de fréquence des accidents. Les résultats confirment largement les hypothèses, mais l'analyse montre aussi que les stratégies non efficaces, au plan des effets escomptés, ont néanmoins une fonction d'utilité qui est discutée.

This thesis evolved out of an attempt to analyze aboriginal agency and resistance in the aftermath of the Mohawk conflict at Oka, Quebec, which took place in the summer of 1990. However, the existing political economy literature on aboriginal oppression founded in the "staple theory" outlined by Harold Adams Innis does not account for the historical significance of aboriginal resistance in Canada. The thesis undertakes a critique of the inherent assumptions in staple theory--its anthropologism, its fetish of the commodity form, and its geographical determinism--which effectively reduce aboriginal peoples to the position of passive victims in contemporary capitalist society. An alternative historiography is then proposed which considers Canadian economic and political development as the outcome of struggle. The agency of aboriginal peoples is understood in terms of their specific and changing historical position as producers, from the early fur trade to the forging of a capitalist economy and post-colonial state. If the rise of commodity wheat production is the key to the transition to capitalism in Canada, it follows that the aboriginal struggle to retain their land rights was an important obstacle to such development. The aboriginal struggle for land continues to be an obstacle to capitalist expansion; in the current context of economic integration under the North American Free Trade Agreement, such resistance has international implications. In the current climate of scapegoating and cutbacks which accompany the restructuring process, aboriginal aspirations for land and self-determination also coincide with the aims of other social movements to oppose such attacks. In fact, aboriginal self-determination is central to the broader project for social change in Canada.

The aim of this study was to explore the interrelationship between collective bargaining and pay equity. A qualitative case study methodology was used. Eighty-six interviews were conducted with union and management pay equity negotiators, labour lawyers, Pay Equity Commission Review Officers, and other informants. A collection of documentary evidence supplemented these interviews. The empirical work focused on explaining issues of structure, style and power in pay equity bargaining and the complex intertwinings of the structural properties of gender and class were considered crucial to an explanation of these. The key structural dynamic in the negotiation of pay equity was found to be the degree and effectiveness of a labour-feminist politic combined with employer/state commitment, which are themselves interconnected and represent the transformative face of gender and class power relations. The thesis, in providing a theoretically informed discussion of detailed case study material, contributes towards the debate on the effectiveness of collective bargaining as a vehicle for implementing equal pay policy. It also informs the debate on labour-management cooperation in labour relations, especially in public sector collective bargaining. Because legislated pay equity is bargained within a new set of legal parameters, the study may also aid our understanding of the relationship between collective bargaining and the law. Finally, the thesis attempts to unravel the interwoven complexities of gender and class power relations in the collective bargaining process.

Employment Security and the Labor Market: Interdisclipinary Approaches and International Evidence, edited by C.F. Buechtemann, is reviewed.

The article reviews the book, "Working for the Union: British Trade Union Officers," by John Kelly and Edmund Heery.

This book brings together the voices of contemporary labour leaders, activists, old timers, and academics to discuss the first hundred years of the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union. --Worldcat catalogue record

The article reviews the book, "Working-Class Cultures in Britain, 1890-1960: Gender, Class, Ethnicity," by Joanna Bourke.

The article reviews the book, "On Her Their Lives Depend: Munitions Workers in the Great War," by Angela Woollacott.

The article reviews the book, "Immigrés et créations d'entreprises : Montréal 1990," by Denise Helly and Alberte Ledoyen.

The article reviews the book, "Solidarity and Survival: An Oral History of Iowa Labor in the Twentieth Century," by Shelton Stromquist.

A poor but independent Dominion in the British Empire until 1949, Newfoundland and Labrador is now Canada's poorest province. This thesis argues that capital's uneven development of Newfoundland helps to explain its economic, social, and political troubles in this century. The uneven course of development left Newfoundland with an archaic fishery, enclaves of modern industry dependent on outport labour and external forces, and a state which lacked sufficient resources to save itself or its people during the Great Depression. The uneven pattern of development also impeded the full development of a proletariat which might have challenged the island's dominant interests and created a more equal and prosperous society. The outcome of these "developments" was confederation with Canada and enduring economic and social problems. Focusing on the period 1929-1959, the thesis develops this argument through a study of the pulp and paper industry, one of Newfoundland's major land-based enterprises in this century. It reveals that forest capital's reliance on seasonal outport labour in its woods operations propped up merchant operations in the inshore fishery. Merchant capital profited from fishers' work in the woods as wages paid debts and purchased fishing and consumption supplies. Throughout the period, the Newfoundland state defended forest capital's interests, and not incidentally the course of uneven development. It did so because the industry's mills and company towns were among the few successes of a national policy to diversify an economy dependent on the export of a single staple. Forest capital exploited fabled interior resources and employed thousands in its mills and woodlands which reduced pressure on an unproductive fishery and on a state often burdened with heavy relief bills. Although Newfoundland loggers confronted the combined power of capital and the state, they struggled to resist their exploitation and to improve the lives of their households and communities. In this way, they challenged the course of development in Newfoundland. During the 1930s, loggers staged strikes and joined Newfoundland's first loggers' union. In 1940, disruptive class conflict ended when forest capital and the state spearheaded the creation of the Woods Labour Board. The Board, which included representatives of capital, labour, and the state, inaugurated a conservative period of class collaboration, and continuous production until the tumultuous 1959 International Woodworkers of America strike. During the 1940s and 1950s, the Board helped forest capital accumulate profits in an industry dominated by Fordist-like production forces in the mills and primitive production forces in the woods. The Board's downward pressure on wages and conditions, union representatives separated from their members, and a work force dominated by outport fishers who continued to require seasonal wages, explains the 1959 conflagration. The dissertation concludes that the loggers' 1959 defeat by the combined forces of capital and state followed an historical pattern determined by the uneven pattern of development. This pattern, therefore, helps to explain enduring poverty in outport Newfoundland and the difficulties workers faced to challenge the conditions of their existence.

The article reviews the book, "Labour's Apprentices: Working-Class Lads in Late Victorian and Edwardian England," by Michael J. Childs.

Jamie Swift combines sharp-eyed journalism that brings out the nuances of daily life with a penetrating analysis of jobless recovery. He describes the emerging world of work through the eyes and experiences of people in Kingston and Windsor-two Ontario cities with roots in the pre-industrial past, places poised for the post-industrial information age. --Publisher's description

The article reviews the book, "Power and Pauperism: The Workhouse System 1834-1884," by Felix Driver.

Introduced by Pierre Berton, the article presents socialist journalist Phillips Thompson's eclectic musings on labour and land reform, banking, the money system, and capitalism. Written in 1888-89, Thompson's journal reflects his visit to the UK during this period, where met with Peter Kropotkin and heard a speech by William Morris. Henry George appears in the entries, and there are quotations from a variety of sources including William Lloyd Garrison and Harriet Martineau. The journal manuscript is kept at Library Archives Canada with the Thomas Phillips Thompson papers.

The Changing Workplace: Reshaping Canada's Industrial Relations System by Daniel Drache and Harry Glasbeek is reviewed.

The article reviews the book, "The Course of Industrial Decline: The Boott Cotton Mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, 1935-1955," by Lawrence Gross.

The article reviews the books, "Demon Rum or Easy Money: Government Control of Liquor in British Columbia From Prohibition to Privatization," by Robert A. Campbell and "Drink in Canada: Historical Essays," by Cheryl Krasnick.

Plusieurs spécialistes notent l'affaiblissement de la recherche en relations industrielles en Amérique du Nord. Un aspect important fut le déplacement de l'intérêt envers les institutions et les processus vers l'étude des individus. Des disciplines telles le comportement organisationnel et l'économique du travail ont progressé. Un autre développement fut la croissance de la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) qui a défié l'approche traditionnelle, axée sur l'étude du syndicalisme et de la négociation collective. Cet article présente une situation différente en Grande-Bretagne. Il s'agit d'un essai interprétatif et sélectif basé sur le développement de la recherche. Il ne s'agit pas ici d'examiner des questions théoriques plus larges. Une vue théorique est cependant implicite : la recherche a avancé par un programme progressif d'analyse et cela a produit de nouvelles connaissances. On peut de loin être plus optimiste quant à l'état de la discipline que ne le suggèrent certaines évaluations récentes de la théorie. La force de la recherche britannique reflète plusieurs développements. D'abord, les chercheurs institutionnalistes et pluralistes britanniques ont été plus flexibles dans la définition de leur sujet que ne l'ont été leurs collègues américains. Cela leur a permis d'aborder les sujets associés à la nature de la relation d'emploi, plus particulièrement la négociation continue des dispositions du contrat de travail. Ensuite, l'absence d'obligation légale d'appliquer les conventions a laissé beaucoup de sujets à être réglés au niveau de l'atelier. Cela signifie que les relations de négociation sont demeurées centrales. Finalement, le résultat fut que la tradition d'études de cas est demeurée plus significative qu'en Amérique du Nord. Cette orientation de la recherche a permis aux relations industrielles de contrer le double défi de la croissance de la GRH et du changement dans les politiques publiques, lesquels mettaient en cause les conceptions traditionnelles quant à la valeur de la négociation collective. La conception même de notre champ de recherche a évolué vers la relation d'emploi plutôt que le fonctionnement de la négociation collective. De là, les chercheurs étaient bien placés pour examiner ce que la GRH signifiait en pratique et comment on expérimentait de nouvelles initiatives sur les lieux de travail. Cette approche est illustrée en considérant l'évolution de la méthode d'études de cas et l'éclairage particulier que la recherche en relations industrielles a jeté sur la nature du management. Les études de cas ont de plus en plus fait le lien entre le détail du site à l'étude et des questions plus larges sur la gestion des entreprises et les généralisations pouvant en être tirées. La méthode s'est aussi développée par l'étude comparative et par une plus grande utilisation de techniques d'entrevues structurées. Sur le management, l'emphase que mettent les chercheurs en relations industrielles sur la négociation et le conflit favorise une analyse différente des politiques de gestion. Cela inclut la conceptualisation du processus de gestion et des études empiriques sur les pratiques des gestionnaires. Ces travaux empiriques ont appuyé une analyse critique de la GRH reliant celle-ci a ses contextes et explorant son rôle symbolique. Les chercheurs britanniques se penchent de plus en plus sur des sujets européens et comparatifs. Les bénéfices de la tradition d'études de cas sont ici substantiels puisqu'elle permet d'explorer la dynamique de différents systèmes de régulation du travail. Cependant, la recherche doit rencontrer de nouveaux défis. Peut-on solutionner les difficultés théoriques et pratiques associées aux études transnationales ? De façon plus générale, à mesure que les relations industrielles ouvrent leur champ d'intérêt au management et aux questions internationales, de nouvelles questions de recherche seront soulevées. Évoluer dans cette voie, tout en conservant les forces traditionnelles de la discipline, représente un défi significatif.