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In the 1950s and 1960s, Aboriginal gillnet fishers protested new state salmon regulations restricting access to the industrial fishery of the Nass and Skeena Rivers in northern British Columbia. Using cannery records, as well as letters, petitions, and statements native people made to the Department of Fisheries, this article examines both the protests and the impact of the regulations that the state introduced in a time of massive structural, economic, technological, and ecological change in the northern fishery. The native fishers' letters suggest that both their Aboriginal heritage and work-centered, class-based identities were shaping their opposition to the state. Those leading the protests were active in other areas of native politics, but also strongly identified as gillnetters, small-boat fishers in an increasingly stratified and competitive fishery. Moreover, native fishers in British Columbia had had a long history of labour activism and organization. This article suggests that understanding the ways these Aboriginal groups navigated between both the colonial and capitalist legacies can provide insights into native politics and experiences in this period.

With changes in the source of origin of immigrants, a new cohort of new generation youth from visible minority immigrant families has begun to be established and become the key replacement of the aging Canadian labour force. Based on existing research, being young, being visible, and coming from an immigrant family are possible disadvantages in the labour market. Research on this new generation youth, however, is limited. This paper reports findings of two qualitative studies examining how this new generation youth, with or without a university degree, found work and what kinds of resources they used in their job search. The economic boom in British Columbia has offered easy access to the labour market. Coming from an immigrant family, however, visible minority youth benefit very little from their social ties and those of their family.

This paper provides evidence of on-the-job training for low-paid workers in Canada and examines workplace and individual factors associated with their on-the-job training. The study uses Statistics Canada's Workplace and Employee Survey (WES) 2001 data. Results show that less than a quarter of low-paid workers received on-the-job training in 2001 as compared to one third of higher-paid workers. A decomposition of regression models indicated that this substantive gap is statistically significant. With the shrinking labour force, ongoing skills development is needed to enable workers to earn a decent living, fulfill their work-related goals, and contribute to the current and future productivity of their workplaces and the economy. We recommend governments provide support for low-paid workers' on-the-job training.

In the past two decades, the complex of forces known as neo-liberal globalisation has transformed the environment for work, labour regulation and trade unionism in both Australia and Canada. The development of labour regimes in Australia and Canada is discussed. The influence of free trade agreements with the United States in which both countries participate is also discussed.

Abstract Temporary visa workers are increasingly taking on a heightened profile in Canada, entering the workforce each year in greater numbers than immigrant workers with labor mobility rights (Sharma 2006). This paper examines the incorporation of foreign workers in Canadian horticulture under the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). I argue that foreign labor supplied under the SAWP secures a flexible workforce for employers and thus improves Canada's trade competitiveness in the global agrifood market. Using multiple research strategies, I track the evolution of Canadian horticulture in the global market and the transformation of labor in this industry. I outline the steady growth in the employment of temporary visa workers in the horticultural industry and show how they have become the preferred and, in some cases, core workforce for horticulture operations. The benefits of SAWP workers to employers include the provision of a workforce with limited rights relative to domestic workers and considerable administrative support in selecting, dispatching, and disciplining workers provided at no cost by labor supply countries. I conclude that the SAWP is a noteworthy example of the role of immigration policy in regulating the labor markets of high-income economies and thus ensuring the position of labor-receiving states within the global political economy.

This article historicizes the making of a fur coat in post-1940 Canada, exploring the social relationships and forms of labour that made the fur coat possible: skinning, sewing, and selling. Focusing especially on women's labour, the author examines the significance of Aboriginal women's work, often unwaged, and seldom recognized in many fur-trade sources, as well as the way in which racial constructions of Aboriginal women intersected with the appropriation of their labour. The wage labour of women in a manufacturing sector dominated by eastern European Jewish immigrants, and by a masculine hierarchy of skill, as well as working women's protests and unionization, are also examined, as is retail selling labour in large and small stores. An exploration of these forms of labour, with a focus on gender, provides insights into discussions about the body and working-class history. While many feminist works have emphasized the cultural and discursive in their explorations of fur, the author argues for a theoretical perspective that fuses a feminist critique of race and gender hierarchies with a materialist understanding of labour, class, and alienation. While embracing a feminist scepticism about the existence of a “natural” body, she argues for the need to avoid the dematerialized body of much postmodern theory in explorations of the body and working-class history.

This paper explores the impact of precarious employment relationships on health outcomes. It uses a novel framework, “Employment Strain” to describe the characteristics of different employment relationships and how they impact health outcomes. It uses interview data and comments provided on a survey to explore these issues. The paper begins by exploring if the health effects reported by mid-career individuals in precarious employment are different from those of younger and older workers. Finding limited evidence to support this hypothesis, the paper goes on to explore in detail the conditions under which precarious employment does increase stress and tension and impact health outcomes. It concludes that a combination of an individual's desire for more permanent employment, the expectation that permanent employment will be found, and the support individuals receive from various sources are critical to understanding the health effects of precarious employment.

A subject index for the May 2007 issue of "Labour/Le Travail" is presented.

The article reviews the book, "Employment Equity and Affirmative Action: An International Comparison," by Harish C. Jain, Peter J. Sloane and Frank M. Horwitz.

The research presented here contributes to the current debate on the effects of perceived self-efficacy (PSE). The study, undertaken with 157 schoolteachers who had just started their first teaching position, examined the moderating role of PSE on the effects of mismatches between expectations and actual work conditions on newcomer integration behaviour. Based on the theoretical model of multiple socialization, the results suggest that: 1) the degree of exchanges that subjects establish between different areas of their life influences PSE efficiency; 2) PSE effects can be positive or negative depending on the nature of the disturbances to which PSE is applied.

The article reviews the book, "The Dominion of Youth: Adolescence and the Making of Modern Canada 1920 to 1950," by Cynthia Comacchio.

Employment equity became a significant public policy issue in Canada following the 1984 publication of Equality in Employment: A Royal Commission Report² under the direction of Commissioner Rosalie Abella. Abella consulted widely with individual advocates and representatives of social movements to capture the growing concern for equality and equity issues that had crystallized with the adoption of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The result was a unique, Canadian approach to equity and it guided the development of a public policy agenda in very significant ways. However, the significance was not only in the establishment of a political culture friendly to an ideology of inclusiveness in the country’s workplaces; it also laid the ground for an acceptance of, and concessions to, certain aspects of political backlash. --Introduction

The article reviews the book, "Capital and Collusion: The Political Logic of Global Economic Development," by Hilton L. Root.

This study assesses psychological contract using a feature-oriented approach which measures perceptions about employer and employee obligations along the dimensions of duration, tangibility, scope, stability/flexibility, contract level and exchange symmetry. Questionnaires were administered to 170 workers (23 males, 147 females) employed at a rest home in Northern Italy. The results confirm the hypothesized relation between the employee's perceptions of employer obligations and the organizational role component of organizational life (in terms of low role ambiguity and high development expectations). Similarly, the hypothesized relation between the employee's perceived obligations to the employer and the affective and motivational area is supported (in terms of affective commitment and perceived organizational justice). The results also show the importance of assessing the employee's perceptions both of employer obligations and of her/his own obligations to the employer, considering the differentiated influence that each of them has on organizational life.

The article reviews the book, "Moving Up in the New Economy: Career Ladders for U.S. Workers," by Joan Fitzgerald.

The article reviews the book, "Les professions face aux enjeux de la féminisation," by Nathalie Lapeyre.

Cette recherche qualitative fait ressortir l’existence de modèles de gestion à « haute performance » dans la fonction publique québécoise. Les résultats suggèrent l’existence de deux catégories de pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines (RH) mobilisatrices qui agissent sur l’engagement des salariés à travers des mécanismes distincts : 1) les pratiques liées au partage d’information et à la participation des salariés à la gestion et 2) les autres pratiques de RH (les nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail, la gestion axée sur les résultats et la formation liée à l’emploi) qui influencent les perceptions de justice organisationnelle et de support organisationnel. Les résultats suggèrent également un lien entre les performances économiques et sociales et la « double cohérence » des pratiques RH, à savoir la cohérence interne et la cohérence symbolique.

Dans un contexte d’intégration économique, quel est l’impact d’un cadre réglementaire distinctif en matière d’emploi sur le développement économique ? L’article montre dans un premier temps le caractère fondamentalement distinct du cadre réglementaire québécois relativement au cadre américain. De là, il analyse cette question à partir d’entrevues réalisées auprès de dirigeants d’entreprises ayant des lieux de production dans ces deux espaces économiques. Cette démarche permet d’amorcer une réflexion théorique sur le particularisme institutionnel au sein d’un ensemble économique régional intégré. L’étude conclut qu’il est possible de préserver les spécificités du cadre réglementaire québécois dans la mesure où celui-ci s’inscrit dans une stratégie de développement de l’industrie manufacturière dans les secteurs à haute valeur ajoutée, lesquels exigent une main-d’oeuvre qualifiée. Il importe donc de soutenir la croissance des secteurs susceptibles de tirer avantage d’un tel contexte, notamment par l’appui à la recherche et au développement.

The article reviews the book, "Beyond Cannery Row: Sicilian Women, Immigration and Community in Monterey, California 1915-1999," by Carol Lynn McKibben.