Reckoning with Racism: Police, Judges and the RDS Case - Whitehead, Robin (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Reckoning with Racism: Police, Judges and the RDS Case," by Constance Backhouse.

White Space: Race, Privilege, and Cultural Economies of the Okanagan Valley - Yakashiro, Nicole (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "White Space: Race, Privilege, and Cultural Economies of the Okanagan Valley," edited by Daniel J. Keyes and Luís L.M. Aguiar.

Football in the Land of the Soviets - Zohn, Yacov (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Football in the Land of the Soviets," by Carles Viñas.

The Warehouse: Workers and Robots at Amazon - Abdelbaki, Rawan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Warehouse: Workers and Robots at Amazon," by Alessandro Delfanti.

In Search of Penal Labour Citizenship: Prisoner-Workers Organize for Labour Rights in Canada - Aguiar, Luis; Marten, Tina; Noiseux, Yanick (Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes, 2022)
Do Canadian federal prison-workers have a right to unionize? This key question is investigated in a case study approach to an attempt, by prison-workers, to organize a union in a Canadian federal penitentiary in British Columbia. The authors analyze prisoner-workers penal labour citizenship position via-a-vis the State’s conceptualization of prison-workers as non-employees and difficulties in finding the appropriate Canadian jurisdiction to hear their case.
Keywords: Canadian prisons; carceral state; citizenship; incarceration; prison labour; prison workers; prisons

Arc of the Journeyman: Afghan Migrants in England - Akbary, S. Hamid (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Arc of the Journeyman: Afghan Migrants in England," by Nichola Khan.
Keywords: AFGHAN refugees; ARC of the Journeyman: Afghan Migrants in England (Book); KHAN, Nichola; NONFICTION

L’analyse des usages de technologies digitales dédiées à la synchronisation : intérêts pour l’étude d’une transformation organisationnelle dans l’ingénierie de conception automobile - Bachellerie, Camille; Gaudart, Corinne; Petit, Johann (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
L’industrie automobile française s’est familiarisée depuis plusieurs décennies à l’usage des technologies digitales afin de réaliser ses projets de conception. Ceux-ci servent notamment à organiser l’activité collective lors d’un projet au sein d’équipes pluridisciplinaires et pluriterritoriales. En parallèle, pour innover au sein d’un marché concurrentiel mondial, ce secteur adopte des organisations de projets visant à raccourcir les délais de conception des véhicules. Cela invite à interroger l’activité de synchronisation individuelle et collective de ces acteurs de la conception à travers les usages organisationnels de ces technologies digitales. En s’appuyant sur des données issues d’une recherche en ergonomie, cet article éclaire les usages organisationnels des technologies digitales dans l’ingénierie de conception automobile, mais également la manière dont l’analyse de ces usages constitue une opportunité pour réinterroger les formes d’organisation du travail dans lesquelles des technologies digitales sont déployées.
Keywords: Organisation en projets; flexibilisation; travail collectif; équipes distribuées et virtuelles

Réforme du régime de prévention en SST au Québec : analyse critique, sensible au genre et aux autres sources d’inégalités - Baril-Gingras, Geneviève; Cox, Rachel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Nous examinons le potentiel et les conditions de l’efficacité de dispositions clés de la réforme du régime québécois de prévention introduite par la Loi modernisant le régime de santé et de sécurité du travail (LMRSST) en septembre 2021. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons la typologie en deux axes proposée par Tucker (2007) afin de caractériser la citoyenneté au travail en SST, et ce, dans une version renouvelée par une perspective sensible au genre et autres sources d’inégalités. D’une part, nous traitons des changements à la participation représentative, à l’influence des travailleur.euse.s et au contrôle interne, ajoutant l’examen de la protection de toutes les personnes au travail (sans égard à leur statut d’emploi) et de la responsabilisation le long des chaînes de valeur. D’autre part, nous traitons du contrôle externe et proposons de tenir compte de la couverture des risques souvent invisibilisés du travail des femmes. Le projet de loi initial reproduisait cette sous-estimation de certains types de risques. Devant l’opposition, l’adoption de dispositions clé a été reportée et un régime intérimaire établi. La LMRSST permettra, à terme, la couverture de l’ensemble des secteurs d’activité par des mécanismes de prévention (contrôle interne) et de participation représentative des travailleur.euse.s; au prix cependant d’un risque de conformité formelle plutôt que réelle quant au contrôle interne, un niveau variable d’influence des travailleur.euse.s et de l’affaiblissement de plusieurs conditions d’efficacité des mécanismes de participation. On peut anticiper des obstacles à l’exercice de leurs droits par les travailleur.euse.s non syndiqués et des petits établissement. Le Réseau de santé publique n’a plus un accès systématique aux établissements et on ne sait rien sur les ressources dont celui-ci comme l’inspectorat disposeront. Il reste à voir dans quelle mesure les travaux réglementaires paritaires à venir apporteront des avancées en prévention et en même temps, renforceront plutôt que d’affaiblir la citoyenneté au travail.
Keywords: Agences de placement de personnel; Citizenship at work; Citoyenneté au travail; Droit du travail; Employment agencies; Femmes au travail; Gender; Genre; Inégalités sociales de santé; Labour law; Occupational hazards; Occupational health and safety; Prevention regime; Risques du travail; Régime de prévention; Santé et sécurité du travail; Social inequalities in health; Women at work

Les Unions, qu'ossa donne? - Béland, Renaud (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the documentary, "Les Unions, qu'ossa donne?," written and directed by Hélène Choquette, in association with La bille bleue inc. production company.

Voices of Guinness: An Oral History of the Park Royal Brewery - Bellamy, Matthew J. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Voices of Guinness: An Oral History of the Park Royal Brewery," by Tim Strangleman.
Keywords: ARTHUR Guinness & Sons PLC; DIAGEO PLC; GUINNESS PLC; NONFICTION; STRANGLEMAN, Tim; VOICES of Guinness: An Oral History of the Park Royal Brewery (Book)

L’histoire du syndicalisme au québec - Bernatchez, Jean-Claude (Revue internationale sur le travail et la société, 2022)
À l'instar d'autres régions du monde, les travailleurs québécois ont évolué en contexte de relative pauvreté depuis leur arrivée en terre d'Amérique au début du 18e siècle jusqu'à la révolution tranquille de 1960. D’une certaine façon, le syndicalisme a contribué à leur enrichissement élargissant à la négociation collective. Le Québec compte des syndicats nationaux et internationaux c’est-à-dire américains qui regroupent environ 60% de l’ensemble des syndiqués québécois. Le Québec est actuellement l’État le plus syndiqué en Amérique du Nord à cause de sa grande pénétration dans le secteur public de l’économie.

Conflits et droit du travail: La mobilité provinciale des travailleurs de la construction au Québec - Bilodeau, Pier-Luc (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Au Québec, les relations du travail dans l'industrie de la construction font l'objet, depuis 1968, d'un encadrement spécifique en marge du Code du travail. L'adoption et l'originalité de ce régime, qui prévoit un éventail de règles visant les rapports collectifs du travail, mais aussi l'emploi des travailleurs de la construction, sont souvent expliquées par les rivalités intersyndicales qui ont marqué le secteur depuis les années 1960. L'objectif du texte est de montrer que la mobilité provinciale des travailleurs de la construction constitue, au Québec, une source de conflits au travail qui, bien que pouvant mettre en présence des organisations syndicales rivales, doit néanmoins être distinguée de ces rivalités naissant du pluralisme syndical. Pour ce faire, après avoir mis en évidence certaines caractéristiques industrielles et économiques de la construction québécoise, nous proposons une analyse de l'évolution du cadre législatif et réglementaire applicable à l'emploi dans ce secteur, en portant une attention particulière aux conflits et manifestations qui l'ont marqué.
Keywords: CONSTRUCTION industry; EMPLOYMENT; LABOR laws; LABOR mobility; LABOR unions; QUEBEC (Province); Québec; conflicts; conflits; construction industry; droit du travail et de l'emploi; emploi; employment; employment and labour law; industrie de la construction; labour mobility; mobilité de la main-d'oeuvre; syndicalisme; trade unionism

Boom Kids: Growing Up in the Calgary Suburbs, 1950–1970 - Blair, Megan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Boom Kids: Growing Up in the Calgary Suburbs, 1950–1970," by James A. Onusko.
Keywords: BOOM Kids: Growing up in the Calgary Suburbs, 1950-1970. (Book); CALGARY (Alta.); NONFICTION; ONUSKO, James A.; SUBURBS

Éprouver la dualité des technologies digitales en croisant les regards disciplinaires / Cross-disciplinary perspectives on the duality of digital technologies - Bobillier Chaumon, Marc-Eric; Delgoulet, Catherine; Greenan, Nathalie; Lemonie, Yannick; Warhurst, Chris (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
L’ambition de ce numéro thématique est dès lors de croiser les perspectives disciplinaires pour éprouver la dualité des technologies digitales : en quoi jouent-elles comme des opportunités ou des contraintes pour le travail et l’activité professionnelle ? Plus précisément, nous proposons d’examiner dans quelle mesure et à quelles conditions ces dispositifs techniques vont être bénéfiques aux individus, en étant des sources de développement de l’activité et de renouvellement des métiers et des compétences. Il s’agit aussi d’explorer comment, a contrario, la mise en place de tels outils peut dégrader les activités, altérer les composantes du métier, fragiliser les collectifs de travail, les parcours et les connaissances professionnels, et impacter la santé des salariés. / The aim of this thematic special issue is to draw on cross disciplinary perspectives to better understand the duality of digital technologies: how do they act as opportunities and/or constraints for work and workers. More specifically, we examine to what extent and under what conditions the new technologies can be beneficial to individuals by being sources of activity development and renewal of occupations and skills. We also explore how the implementation of such tools can be detrimental to these activities, alter aspects of occupations, weaken work ties, career paths and occupational knowledge as well as impact the health of employees. --from Introduction

Les transformations contemporaines du rapport au travail - Boucher, Marie-Pierre (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Les transformations contemporaines du rapport au travail," edited by Daniel Mercure.

What's New about Social Reproduction? - Braedley, Susan; McWhinney, Tara (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews and comments on several books including "Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression," edited by Tithi Bhattacharya, "Social Reproduction and the City: Welfare Reform, Child Care, and Resistance in Neoliberal New York," by Simon Black, "Women and Work: Feminism, Labour and Social Reproduction," by Susan Ferguson, and "Social Reproduction Theory and the Socialist Horizon: Work, Power and Political Strategy," by Aaron Jaffe.
Keywords: BHATTACHARYA, Tithi; BLACK, Simon; FERGUSON, Susan; NONFICTION; SOCIAL Reproduction & the City: Welfare Reform, Child Care & Resistance in Neoliberal New York (Book); SOCIAL Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression (Book); SOCIAL reproduction; WOMEN & Work: Feminism, Labour & Social Reproduction (Book)

Tremors of Discontent: My Life in Print 1970-1988 - Buhle, Paul (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Tremors of Discontent: My Life in Print 1970-1988," by Mike Richardson.
Keywords: MEMOIRS; NONFICTION; RICHARDSON, Mike; TREMORS of Discontent: My Life in Print 1970-1988 (Book)

Precarious Work and the Union Advantage: Paradoxical Findings from Niagara - Butovsky, Jonah; Savage, Larry (Journal of Labor and Society, 2022)
Given the documented advantages of unionization, why don’t more workers support, let alone join, unions? This article presents findings from the Poverty and Employment Precarity in Niagara (PEPiN) study as they relate to precarious work and the union advantage. While precariously-employed workers in Canada’s Niagara Region enjoyed a demonstrable union advantage and were much more likely than other categories of workers to indicate support for unionization, a clear majority of precarious workers still expressed opposition to unionization. The article considers some of possible reasons for these seemingly paradoxical findings through a case study of recent workplace struggles in Niagara.
Keywords: Niagara; anti-unionism; precarity; union advantage; union avoidance; unions

Newly Available Archival Records at Library and Archives Canada - Campbell, Dalton (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Describes additions of private archives to the Library and Archives Canada labour collection including personal fonds of Ollie Borg, Max Federman, Ian Reilly, Bonnie Robichaud, and Margot Trevelyan (the latter includes an unpublished biography of labour leader Madeleine Parent). The newly available union fonds include Brotherhood of Railway Carmen, Canadian Paperworkers Union, Canadian Union of Educational Workers, Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians, and United Food and Commercial Workers International Union. Records added to established fonds include Canadian Autoworkers/National Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers Union, Canadian Brotherhood of Railway, Transport and General Workers, and Canadian Food and Allied Workers.

Forty Canoes of Women: The Lives and Legacy of the Algonquian Women of 17th-Century New France - Campbell, J. Peter (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
There has been an increasing tendency in recent decades to characterize North American Indigenous peoples as "people of the corn" living in permanent or semi-permanent settlements. This approach focuses on matrilineal, agricultural societies in which women play a central role in the economy and the organization of domestic life. Iroquoian women have been at the heart of this approach, while Algonquian women from patrilineal, hunter-gatherer societies remain in the shadows of the men who continue to be perceived as the main providers. In reality, on both the land and the water, the "nomadic" way of life of the people of the forest was anchored in the courage, strength, and endurance of Algonquian women providers.
Keywords: Algonquians; Algonquines et Algonquins; Indigenous peoples; Iroquoians; Iroquoiennes et Iroquoiens; canoes; canoës; chasseurs et chasseuses; femmes; hunters; peuples autochtones; pourvoyeurs et pourvoyeuses; providers; women

Wounded Feelings: Litigating Emotions in Quebec, 1870–1950 - Campbell, Lyndsay (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Wounded Feelings: Litigating Emotions in Quebec, 1870–1950," by Eric H. Reiter.

Le no code et les effets organisationnels de la démocratisation logicielle : du mythe aux pratiques - Canivenc, Suzy (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Cet article s’intéresse au mouvement no code, qui connaît actuellement un fort engouement, et à ses impacts sur les activités professionnelles et l’organisation du travail. À contre-courant des approches déterministes postulant une relation unidirectionnelle entre objets techniques et formes organisationnelles, nous proposons d’adopter un cadre d’analyse co-évolutionniste où ces dimensions s’influencent réciproquement selon des boucles récursives continues. À partir d’une recherche exploratoire menée dans une entreprise de conseil en transformation numérique, nous tenterons d’exposer ce mouvement co-évolutionniste et, à travers lui, les opportunités et contraintes dont sont porteurs ces outils en milieu professionnel. Ces constats nous permettront de nuancer les discours utopistes qui accompagnent le développement de ces technologies, mais également d’apporter davantage de précisions au sujet des conditions à réunir pour assurer leur implantation durable.
Keywords: Plateformes no code; co-evolution; co-évolution; digital democratization; démocratisation numérique; déterminisme technique; impacts organisationnels; no code platforms; organizational impacts; technical determinism

Iroquois in the West - Carleton, Sean (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Iroquois in the West," by Jean Barman.

Accompagner le déploiement d’une nouvelle technologie par la prise en compte des risques et des opportunités - Chahir, Mehdi; Bordel, Stéphanie; Somat, Alain (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Malgré une expérience de plus de 50 ans depuis l’apparition des nouvelles technologies (Govaere, 2002) et une littérature scientifique et pratique sur le sujet (e.g., guides de bonnes pratiques, formation professionnelle, etc.) qui peut être qualifiée de pléthorique (Denancé, 2017), de nombreuses études indiquent que les organisations rencontrent des difficultés internes dans leurs projets de déploiement (e.g., Garreau, 2019 ; Tranfield & Braganza, 2007). L’objectif de cet article est de contribuer aux travaux sur l’accompagnement du déploiement des technologies en présentant une méthode d’accompagnement visant à identifier les opportunités et les menaces provoquées par les technologies, notamment par le recours à l’analyse de l’activité et l’implication des professionnels concernés. Les premiers résultats de la mise en oeuvre de la démarche viennent confirmer son intérêt.
Keywords: Analyse de l’activité; Changement organisationnel; Nouvelles technologies; Systèmes de transport intelligent (STI-C)

Lettres à une Noire - Charron, Catherine (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Lettres à une Noire," by Françoise Ega.

Lockdowns and Telework: Psychological and Work-Related Consequences - Chênevert, Denis; Fournier, Pierre-Luc; Menvielle, Loïck; Bruneau, Julie; Jutras-Aswad, Didier; Bissonnette, Audrey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Restrictions implemented around the world to contain the spread of COVID-19 have had various consequences for workers. Emotional distress, maladaptive behaviours, and issues such as sleep disorders, irritability, and loss of motivation are expected, particularly among employees not used to telework. We wished to find out whether previous telework experience helped workers maintain their quality of life during the lockdown. Data were collected through an anonymous online survey of adult workers ≥ 18 years old in Canada, between May 25, 2020, and June 26, 2020. The survey was completed by 604 teleworkers, 66.8% of whom had not teleworked before the lockdown. The respondents provided self-reported data on sociodemographics, mental health issues, and quality of life. We assessed changes in quality of life by using paired t-tests and linear regression to identify significant determinants. Our analysis shows a decline during the lockdown in all quality of life indicators: stress, irritability, sleep quality, motivation, ability to undertake projects, and surfing the Internet without a specific goal (p < 0.001). The decline was mainly driven not by lack of previous telework experience but rather by a combination of three factors: having young children at home, having a high frequency of telework, and being a man.
Keywords: COVID-19; Confinement; Qualité de vie; Travail à distance; Télétravail; lockdown; quality of life; remote work; telework

« C'est le Québec qui est né dans mon pays! » : Carnet de rencontres, d'Ani Kuni à Kiuna - Clapperton-Richard, Adèle (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "« C'est le Québec qui est né dans mon pays! » : Carnet de rencontres, d'Ani Kuni à Kiuna," by Emanuelle Dufour.
Keywords: C'EST le Quebec qui ne est dans mon pays! Carnet de rencontres, d'Ani Kuni a Kiuna (Book); DUFOUR, Emanuelle; FIRST Nations of Canada; NONFICTION; QUEBEC (Province)

No Wood, No Kingdom: Political Ecology in the English Atlantic - Clifford, Jim (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "No Wood, No Kingdom: Political Ecology in the English Atlantic," by Keith Pluymers.

The Women's Movement, That Royal Commission, and Education - Coulter, Rebecca Priegert (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Provides background and discusses the proposals of the 1970 Royal Commission on the Status of Women with regard to education, including Indigenous women's education. Discusses responses to the report, which was mostly focused on improvements to state education of girls and women. Concludes with a consideration of the women's movement as a pedagogical site.
Keywords: CANADA; EDUCATION; FEMINISM; NATIONAL Action Committee on the Status of Women (Organization); ROYAL Commission on the Status of Women in Canada; TEACHERS' unions; WOMEN; WOMEN'S rights; WOMEN'S societies & clubs

L’innovation et l’économie sociale au coeur du modèle québécois - D’Amours, Martine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "L’innovation et l’économie sociale au coeur du modèle québécois. Entretiens avec Benoît Lévesque:," by Marie J. Bouchard.

Le downsizing en temps de COVID-19 : la difficile conciliation entre le social et l’économique. Le cas des survivants d’un établissement hôtelier en Tunisie - Dahmani, Amira; Gasmi, Zeineb (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment l’entreprise peut mettre en place une stratégie de downsizing socialement responsable en temps de COVID-19. Les résultats de l’étude qualitative, de nature exploratoire, menée au sein d’un établissement hôtelier en Tunisie révèlent une série de pratiques socialement responsables qui confère un caractère distinctif à la stratégie de downsizing déployée. Les conclusions soulignent que la mise en oeuvre d’un ensemble de mesures avant, au cours et après le downsizing permet de limiter ses dégâts psychologiques et ses effets pervers. Aussi, elles révèlent que la mobilisation de pratiques managériales bienveillantes, équitables et respectueuses de la dignité humaine, ainsi que l’adoption d’un agir éthique et juste rendent le downsizing socialement toléré.
Keywords: COVID-19; Downsizing socialement responsable; GRH socialement responsable; Socially responsible downsizing; benevolent management; management bienveillant; qualitative study; recherche qualitative; socially responsible HRM

Idéal champêtre ou enfer ouvrier? Démystifier la terre pour renforcer les droits des travailleurs agricoles - Dehaibi, Laura (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Cet article vise à exposer la persistance d'un discours romantique associé à l'agriculture et l'impact de cette image idéalisée de la terre sur la protection des travailleurs agricoles. Le portrait romantique de l'agriculture présente ce secteur économique comme étant fragile, capricieux, essentiel à la survivance humaine et intimement lié à la fois à la vie familiale et à la souveraineté nationale. Nous verrons que le mythe agricole est favorisé par la répétition d'un certain discours d'exceptionnalisme adopté tout au long de l'histoire occidentale dans la théorie et la pratique juridique et économique ainsi que dans la culture populaire et qu'il met l'accent sur la primauté de la propriété privée et la nécessité de protéger l'agriculture contre toute ingérence. Ce mythe cache toutefois la réalité des salariés agricoles tout en justifiant un traitement dérogatoire aux lois du travail. L'analyse du contexte législatif canadien contemporain en matière de protection des salariés agricoles démontrera la persistance du discours romantique en agriculture, véhiculé par de puissants lobbys agricoles et repris par les instances politiques, et son impact négatif sur les droits fondamentaux des travailleurs de la terre.
Keywords: agricultural trade; agriculture; commerce agricole; discrimination; droit du travail; droit international du travail; freedom of association; histoire du travail agricole; history of agricultural labour; international labour law; labour law; liberté d'association; migrant workers; travailleurs migrants

La régulation sociale du risque émotionnel au travail - Dickason, Rebecca (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This article reviews the book, "La régulation sociale du risque émotionnel au travail," by Thomas Bonnet, preface by Arnaud Mias.

'Fit for the Job': A Programmatic Inquiry on Style and Aesthetics in the Workplace - Dion, Frédéric (Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication, 2022)
This article showcases a few main points of the theoretical frame in organizational communication I have been working on for my doctoral research on the aesthetic notion of “style”. Maxwell (2013) in his book on qualitative research methodology proposes to initiate a research design by considering the personal motivations that push us to work in the direction we designate ourselves. For my part, the moment that triggered my scientific interest in style is concretely certain experiences that I had in the restaurant business where I worked for several years, those of a form of selection of workers that seemed to be operated on the level of aesthetics. I present a brief autoethnographic overview of those experiences, then turn to theoretical approaches potentially helpful in making sense of them.
Keywords: Autoethnography

Du diesel dans les veines, la saga des camionneurs du Nord - Duchesne, Jonathan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Du diesel dans les veines, la saga des camionneurs du Nord." by Serge Bouchard and Mark Fortier.
Keywords: BOUCHARD, Serge; DU diesel dans les veines, la saga des camionneurs du Nord (Book); FORTIER, Mark; NONFICTION; TRUCK drivers

Comment travailler ensemble? Défis de l’intergénération - Dufour, Marie-Eve (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This article reviews the book, "Comment travailler ensemble? Défis de l’intergénération," edited by Henri Savall and Véronique Zardet.

Working Class History: Everyday Acts of Resistance and Rebellion - Dunsworth, Edward (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Working Class History: Everyday Acts of Resistance and Rebellion," edited by Working Class History.
Keywords: NONFICTION; WORKING Class History: Everyday Acts of Resistance & Rebellion (Book); WORKING class

Des outils numériques au service de… ou contre le travail et la relation d’aide ? L’ambivalence liée à l’introduction d’outils numériques dans l’aide aux personnes âgées - Dussuet, Annie; Nirello, Laura; Puissant, Emmanuelle (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Le développement des outils numériques dans le secteur médico-social pose la question de leur impact sur les activités relationnelles, essentielles dans ce domaine. Cet article repose sur une enquête qualitative menée auprès de salariées travaillant dans l’aide aux personnes âgées, à domicile ou en établissement. Si ces travailleuses mentionnent plutôt des aspects positifs, elles estiment pourtant ambivalents les effets des outils numériques sur leurs conditions de travail, selon s’ils leur permettent ou non d’effectuer ce qu’elles considèrent comme un « bon travail ». Le contexte d’introduction de ces outils semble alors déterminant : lorsqu’il s’agit de rationaliser, voire d’industrialiser l’activité, ils contribuent à une dégradation concomitante de la qualité du travail et du service ; à l’inverse, mis au service de la relation d’aide, ils permettent d’améliorer les conditions de travail.
Keywords: EHPAD; Outils numériques; SAAD; conditions de travail; qualité du service

Purchasing Power: Women and the Rise of Canadian Consumer Culture - Elvins, Sarah (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Purchasing Power: Women and the Rise of Canadian Consumer Culture," by Donica Belisle.
Keywords: BELISLE, Donica; CONSUMER culture; NONFICTION; PURCHASING Power: Women & the Rise of Canadian Consumer Culture (Book)

Demanding Equality: One Hundred Years of Canadian Feminism - Fahrni, Magda (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Demanding Equality: One Hundred Years of Canadian Feminism," by Joan Sangster.

Autonomy and Control in Mass Remote Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Cross-Occupational Comparison - Fana, Marta; Massimo, Francesco; Moro, Angelo (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The global COVID-19 pandemic acted as an exogenous shock that forced organizations to adopt homeworking as a common form of work for many occupations. Drawing on a real-time cross-occupational qualitative survey, we first examined how compulsory homeworking affected workers’ freedom to define and perform their tasks. Second, we analyzed how different forms of control developed under the new organization of work. Specifically, we studied how the outcomes varied by occupation and along the vertical division of labour. Our findings agree with those of labour process theorists who argue that personal, bureaucratic and technical forms of control complement each other, rather than being stages of a linear succession.
Keywords: autonomy; control; homeworking; labour process; work organization

Farewell, Walter Hildebrandt: Historian, Poet, Publisher, and Promoter of Indigenous Sovereignty and Anti-imperialism - Finkel, Alvin; Hildebrandt, Walter; Wayman, Tom (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Pays homage to the life and work of Walter Hildebrandt (1951-2021), who published historical studies of Indigenous communities in the Canadian West and Indigenous relations with the Canadian state. A historian for Parks Canada, Hildebrandt later became publishing director of the University of Calgary and Athabasca University presses. Includes an appreciation of Hildebrandt's poetry, with selections from three long poems — "Let Them Eat Grass / The Dakota Wars 1862" and "Winnipeg 1919" — that were originally published in the 2016 collection, "Documentaries: Poems." Also introduces three poems by Tom Wayman — "Reply," "When the Future Wore a Mask: My Parents at War" and "Ars Poetica: Nail" — intended as tributes. A photo of Hildebrandt is also included.
Keywords: ACTIVISTS; HILDEBRANDT, Walter; HISTORIANS

Profits First, Safety Second: Canada's Occupational Health and Safety System at 50 - Foster, Jason; Cake, Susan; Barnetson, Bob (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
This article argues that while work-places are safer today than they were 50 years ago, the degree to which this change is due to Canada's occupational health and safety (ohs) system is unclear. Examining the literature and reflecting upon the authors' own experiences with work-place safety, the article suggests that fundamental flaws embedded in the principles of the system undermine its effectiveness at keeping workers safe. Specifically, the premise of joint responsibility – which is given life in the internal responsibility system (irs) – appears to ignore the conflicting interests and unequal power relations that exist in Canadian work-places. The circumstances that contributed to the historical effectiveness of the irs no longer exist, undermining the ability of workers to realize safe and healthy work-places.
Keywords: histoire de la santé et sécurité du travail; history of work-place safety; internal responsibility system; lésions professionnelles; occupational health and safety; ohs reforms; réformes de la santé et sécurité du travail; santé et sécurité du travail; système de responsabilité interne; work-place injury

In the Interest of Everyone? Support for Social Movement Unionism Among Union Officials in Quebec (Canada) - Frangi, Lorenzo; Hadziabdic, Sinisa; Masi, Anthony C. (Industrial Relations Journal, 2022)
Using a mixed-method research design involving interviews and a survey, we examined how union officials in Quebec perceive social movement unionism (SMU). We show that union officials view SMU as a multifaceted phenomenon with ideal and pragmatic dimensions. They are torn between strong support for the ideals of SMU and a practical reluctance to use members’ dues to provide services to non-members. Experience with civil society organisations mitigates this tension, encouraging union officials to defend the interests of everyone not only as an ideal, but also as a strategy that allows unions to protect members and unrepresented workers.

Life in Stalin's Soviet Union - Fraser, Erica L. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Life in Stalin's Soviet Union," edited by Kees Boterbloem.

People, State, and War Under the French Regime in Canada - Gagné, Joseph (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "People, State, and War Under the French Regime in Canada," by Louise Dechêne.
Keywords: CANADIAN history to 1763; DECHENE, Louise; NEW France; NONFICTION; PEOPLE, State & War: Under the French Regime in Canada (Book)

Le genre au travail. Recherches féministes et luttes de femmes - Gagnon, Mona-Josée (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Le genre au travail. Recherches féministes et luttes de femmes," edited by Réseau de recherche MAGE.

A Social Design Approach: Enhancement of Local Social Dialogue on the Transformation of Work by Digital Technology - Galey, Louis; Terquem, Valerie; Barcellini, Flore (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
We present the results of a research-action initiative to strengthen participation by social dialogue stakeholders (union representatives, managers and workers) in companies that are being digitally transformed. For this, we used activity-centred ergonomics. After presenting a co-design process, i.e., “Social Design,” we describe how the initiative was carried out in a large industrial company and how it was re-designed “in use.” We thus helped certain union representatives participate in dialogue on the topical issue of digital transformation, thereby helping define a new organizational structure in the workplace and further developing the “Social Design” approach.
Keywords: activity-centred ergonomics; conception de méthode; ergonomie de l’activité; industrie 4.0; industry 4.0; labour relations; method design; relations professionnelles

ESG Disclosure and Employee Turnover. New Evidence from Listed European Companies - Garsaa, Aziza; Paulet, Elisabeth (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
We explored how company transparency, as measured by ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) disclosure, affected the employee turnover of 212 multinational corporations that were listed in the European capital market during the 2010-2017 period. We also examined the role of the business environment by looking at the company’s ESG reporting system and its economic sector. To analyze how ESG disclosure affected employee turnover at any point of its conditional distribution, we used a panel data quantile regression model. ESG disclosure was found to be negatively associated with employee turnover. Employee turnover, as well as the extent to which it is affected by ESG disclosure, was found to depend strongly on the conditional distribution of the turnover rate, the sector and whether ESG disclosure is mandatory or voluntary. Our findings were confirmed by a robustness check analysis. In conclusion, the relationship between company transparency and employee turnover depends strongly on the institutional context and, especially, on disclosure regulation. The more a company is scrutinized, the more it will try to be socially responsible to maintain and/or improve its reputation and thus reassure and satisfy its stakeholders.
Keywords: Divulgation ESG; ESG disclosure; Satisfaction des employés; données de panel; employee satisfaction; employee turnover; panel data fixed-effect quantile regression; rotation du personnel; régression quantile

Nouveau régime forestier et conditions de travail en sylviculture : retour vers le futur? - Gesualdi-Fecteau, Dalia; Venne, Béatrice; Matte Guilmain, Laurence; Asselin, Hugo (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
En 2013, le gouvernement du Québec a introduit un nouveau régime forestier qui a transformé la dynamique dans la gouvernance de la forêt publique. Parmi les changements apportés, l’État est désormais chargé de planifier et de gérer les activités d’aménagement forestier. L’aménagement forestier comprend des activités commerciales et non commerciales. De 1986 à 2013, le gouvernement attribuait aux entreprises forestières des volumes de bois à long terme au moyen de « contrats d’approvisionnement et d’aménagement forestier » (CAAF). Ces entreprises avaient également la responsabilité d’assurer les travaux sylvicoles non commerciaux visant la régénération des peuplements forestiers. La Loi sur l’aménagement durable du territoire forestier, en vigueur depuis 2013, a transformé en profondeur l’organisation des activités dans ce secteur. Sur le plan des activités commerciales, l’octroi de CAAF est remplacé par des « garanties d’approvisionnement », lesquelles confèrent à leurs bénéficiaires un volume de bois de la forêt publique à des fins de transformation. Sur le plan des activités non commerciales, l’État assume désormais l’entière responsabilité de la planification et de la gestion des opérations, jadis confiée aux titulaires de CAAF. À partir de données empiriques, ce texte met en lumière la façon dont le régime forestier instauré en 2013 a permis l’émergence d’acteurs, exogènes au champ du droit du travail, dont les pratiques et les schémas d’action façonnent aujourd’hui les conditions de travail des ouvriers et des ouvrières sylvicoles effectuant des tâches non mécanisées. Cette main-d’oeuvre effectue des opérations d’éducation de peuplement au moyen d’une scie débroussailleuse ainsi que du reboisement. Les acteurs identifiés interviennent dans la dynamique d’attribution et de supervision des contrats de travaux sylvicoles non commerciaux et jouent un rôle de contrôle et de surveillance des conditions de travail, laissant aux parties à la relation d’emploi un pouvoir limité.
Keywords: Foresterie; Forestry; aménagement forestier; droit du travail; employment system; forest management; labour law; système d’emploi

Empreintes de résistance. Filiations et récits de femmes autochtones et racisées - Gibeau, Ariane (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Empreintes de résistance. Filiations et récits de femmes autochtones et racisées," by Alexandra Pierre.
Keywords: EMPREINTES de resistance: Filiations et recits de femmes autochtones et racisees (Book); INDIGENOUS women; NONFICTION; PIERRE, Alexandra

The 21st Century Cometh: The Toughest Mission is Before Us / Les suites du 21e siècle : le plus difficile est devant nous - Gould, Anthony (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Introduces the first issue of the journal that is solely available online.

"The Same Tools Work Everywhere": Organizing Gig Workers with Foodsters United - Gray, Paul Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Foodsters United, a work-place organizing campaign by Toronto food couriers, shows that, even in the gig economy, the classic organizing methods work. The Foodsters successfully challenged their misclassification as independent contractors, got over 40 per cent of a large workforce to sign union cards, and triggered a union vote that they won with 88.8 per cent support. These victories were tempered by a devastating setback: their employer, Foodora, exited from Canadian markets. Nevertheless, what Foodsters United achieved through work-place organizing sustained its transformation into Gig Workers United, which is organizing all delivery platform workers in Toronto. Although platform companies like Foodora promote the idea that the gig economy is unprecedented, its historical continuities are more important than its discontinuities. This is also true of the work-place organizing in the gig economy. Foodsters United achieved substantial victories, not because they invented new organizing methods but because they adapted the classic methods, in often ingenious ways, to their gig economy work-place. This article is based on interviews with the campaign organizers. It is organized thematically according to classic work-place organizing methods, particularly those developed in the industrial organizing tradition, including organizing conversations, mapping, charting, leader identification, issue identification, and the creation of democratic organizations.
Keywords: couriers; covid-19; démocratie syndicale; gig economy; gig workers; labour organizing; mauvaise classification; messagères et messagers; misclassification; plateformes; platforms; syndicalisation; syndicats; travailleurs et travailleuses à la demande; union democracy; unions; économie à la demande

Challenging (-Hindering) Employment and Employee Health - Haines III, Victor; Ricardeau Registre, Jean; Guerrero, Sylvie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Research has struggled with the task of distinguishing high from low-quality employment. Making the distinction between challenging and hindering job demands in a context of social exchange, our study develops a generalizable heuristic for employment quality research. Latent class analysis with mixture modelling was applied to a sample of 2,143 adults from a diversity of occupations. A two-factor model provided substantial support for the distinction between challenging and hindering employment. Challenging employment was characterized by hard and emotionally demanding work and by provision of greater resources. Hindering employment involved several hindering demands and fewer resources. As predicted, challenging employment was associated with better self-reported general health and less psychological distress. The positive associations between higher education levels and longer work experience and challenging employment also supported the challenging/hindering heuristic.
Keywords: bien-être; conception du travail; emploi; employment; health; job quality; qualité de l'emploi; resources; ressources; santé; stress; well-being; work design

Worker Participation in a Time of COVID: A Case Study of Occupational Health and Safety Regulation in Ontario - Hall, Alan; Tucker, Eric (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
This study examines worker voice in the development and implementation of safety plans or protocols for covid-19 prevention among hospital workers, long-term care workers, and education workers in the Canadian province of Ontario. Although Ontario occupational health and safety law and official public health policy appear to recognize the need for active consultation with workers and labour unions, there were limited – and in some cases no – efforts by employers to meaningfully involve workers, worker representatives (reps), or union officials in assessing covid-19 risks and planning protection and prevention measures. The political and legal efforts of workers and unions to assert their right to participate and the outcomes of those efforts are also documented through archival evidence and interviews with worker reps and union officials. The article concludes with an assessment of weaknesses in the government promotion and protection of worker health and safety rights and calls for greater labour attention to the critical importance of worker health and safety representation.
Keywords: comités paritaires; covid-19; health care; joint committees; labour unions; long-term care; occupational health and safety; public health; public schools; représentation des travailleurs et travailleuses; santé et sécurité du travail; santé publique; soins de longue durée; soins de santé; syndicats; voix des travailleurs et travailleuses; worker representation; worker voice; écoles publiques

Capital and Ideology - Hanin, Frédéric (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This article reviews the book, "Capital and Ideology," by Thomas Piketty. translated by Arthur Goldhammer.

Making Union Membership the Default Option in Canada: Would It Be Supported and Effective? - Harcourt, Mark; Gall, Gregor; Wilson, Margaret (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Income inequality has risen in Canada with the decline in union density and, thus, in union influence. Both trends have occasioned various proposals to reform federal and provincial labour relations systems, especially those aspects concerning certification. However, most proposals have been based on minor modifications to the Wagner Model of exclusive, majoritarian representation. To realize the full potential of these reform proposals, including, importantly, the likes of ‘broad-based bargaining,’ we contend that union membership should be the default option for new workers. Such a change would enable these proposals to increase absolute and relative levels of union membership, thereby providing the organizing resources (financial, human) required for much higher levels of union influence. In this study, we show that those living in Canada generally support union membership by default and would not opt out afterwards. We believe this popular support justifies making union membership automatic for new workers.
Keywords: Syndicats; Unions; accréditation; certification; collective bargaining; labour relations; membership; négociation collective; relations de travail; union membership

Histories of Environmental Coalition Building in British Columbia: Using History to Build Working-Class Environmentalism - Harter, John-Henry (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
On 3 February 1989, leaders of the British Columbia labour movement, members of the environmental movement, and representatives from the Nuu-chah-nulth-aht Tribal Council (ntc) gathered to meet at Tin Wis, the ntc meeting space, in Tofino, BC, to discuss an alliance around environmental issues on the West Coast of Vancouver Island. This article takes this meeting, and subsequent alliance, as a way to explore the impact, potential, and contested meanings of alliances forged among workers, environmentalists, and First Nations in British Columbia in the late 20th century and beyond. In this way, the article examines from a historical perspective what sociologists have framed as the period of new social movements.
Keywords: British Columbia; Colombie-Britannique; First Nations; Premiers peuples; alliances; environment; environnement; labour; new social movements; nouveaux mouvements sociaux; politics; politique; travail

S’attaquer à la pandémie permanente qu’est la précarité : leçons tirées de l’organisation des travailleurs et travailleuses migrants et immigrés racisés à Montréal pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 / Challenging the Permanent Pandemic of Precarity: Lessons from Racialized Migrant and Immigrant Workers Organizing in Montreal During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Henaway, Mostafa (Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société, 2022)
Cet article démontre l’importance pour les travailleurs et travailleuses migrants et immigrés de s’organiser en fonction de leurs réalités. Pour ce faire, l’auteur s’appuie sur l’expérience du Centre des travailleurs et travailleuses immigrants (CTI) de Montréal. Beaucoup de ces travailleurs ont un statut d’immigration précaire, qui les rend vulnérables à une exploitation capitaliste poussée. On présume que leur besoin de rester au Canada et de gagner de l’argent les empêchera de parler des inégalités en milieu de travail et dans les pratiques patronales. Quand la COVID-19 a frappé, ce sont ces travailleurs, chargés des tâches reconnues « essentielles » par les gouvernements, qui ont permis à la société de fonctionner. Des promesses de régulariser leur statut d’immigration ont été faites. Mais deux ans après, ces promesses ne se sont pas réalisées et le statut des travailleurs demeure précaire. Toutefois, l’expérience acquise par la CTI dans sa lutte contre l’imposition de mesures néolibérales lui a permis de tenir bon face aux conditions de travail dictées par la pandémie. Les efforts pour régulariser le statut des travailleurs migrants s’intensifient. Il y a actuellement une mobilisation à l’échelle du Canada pour presser le gouvernement de tenir ses engagements, confortée par la reconnaissance croissante de l’importance de ces travailleurs pour le pays. L’article dépeint la réalité de nombreux travailleurs qui vivent et besognent à la confluence de la racialisation et du statut précaire de migrant, et révèle combien ces conditions sont essentielles au maintien du système capitaliste. / This article demonstrates the importance for migrant and immigrant workers to organize in ways that represent their realities. It draws on the experience of Montreal’s Immigrant Workers’ Centre (IWC) to do this. Many of these workers have a precarious immigration status, making them vulnerable to acute capitalist exploitation. The presumption is that since workers’ need to remain in Canada and earn their living, they would remain silent about workplace inequalities and labour practices. When COVID-19 hit, it was these workers, doing what governments recognized as ‘essential’ work that kept societies functioning. Promises were made about regularization of their immigration status. However, it has been two years since the imposition of pandemic restrictions and these promises have rung hollow, leaving them with a precarious immigration status. Yet the organising experience gained by the IWC in the struggle against the imposition of neoliberal measures, prior to the pandemic, held the IWC in good stead as it faced pandemic working conditions. The struggle to regularize migrant workers’ status is mounting and at this moment there is a Canadawide mobilization to hold the government to its promise, bolstered by the growing recognition of the importance of these workers to the country. This article demonstrates the realities faced by many workers who live and work at the intersection of racialization and an insecure migrant status and reveals that it is key to propping up the capitalist system.

Artificial Intelligence and Labour: Perspectives from Organized Labour in Canada - Hilstob, Kayla; Massie, Alicia (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
We are in an important technological moment in history, where experts in academia, research institutes, and non-governmental organizations posit that developments in artificial intelligence (ai) will lead to widespread disruptions in the labour market. This article addresses this claim by asking if organized labour sees ai as an equally imminent threat. Moreover, it asks how labour is preparing to challenge the power of capital as employers leverage automation in an age of neoliberal precarity. Online materials published by unions affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress are reviewed here through discursive analysis. Our findings indicate that while no union has expressed opposition to technological change, many have questioned how employers leverage it in the workplace and its wider geopolitical and societal effects that affect their members and communities. We find that discussion around technological change emphasizes that technology makes work better and safer in a human-centred work environment. Overall, organized labour in Canada is attentive to issues within the political-economic context of automation, precarious work, community impacts, the role of government and regulation, skills and retraining, and job loss, among others. Given the view of technology held by organized labour, we challenge perspectives of both techno-pessimism and techno-optimism and highlight instead that labour unions are in a unique position to both respond and adapt to the evolution of work. Expanded strategic interventions around automation are needed to combat precarious work and the erosion of working conditions at present and in the coming decade(s), and we point to some notable efforts that are underway.
Keywords: artificial intelligence; automation; automatisation; changement technologique; gig economy; intelligence artificielle; labour; syndicats; technological change; trade unions; travail; économie à la demande

Sentenced for the Season: Jamaican Migrant Farmworkers on Okanagan Orchards - Hjalmarson, Elise (Race & Class, 2022)
Despite perfunctory characterisation of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) as a ‘triple win’, scholars and activists have long admonished its lack of government oversight, disrespect for migrant rights and indentureship of foreign workers. This article contends that the SAWP is predicated upon naturalised, deeply engrained and degrading beliefs that devalue Black lives and labour. Based on twenty months’ ethnographic fieldwork in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada, it reveals the extent to which anti-Black racism permeates, organises and frustrates workers’ lives on farms and in local communities. It situates such experiences, which workers characterise as ‘prison life’, in the context of anti-Black immigration policy and the workings of racial capitalism. This ethnography of Caribbean migrants not only adds perspective to scholarship hitherto focused on the experiences of Latino workers, but it also reinforces critical work on anti-Black racism in contemporary Canada.

The Industrialists: How the National Association of Manufacturers Shaped American Capitalism - Holdren, Nate (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Industrialists: How the National Association of Manufacturers Shaped American Capitalism," by Jennifer Delton.
Keywords: DELTON, Jennifer; HISTORY of capitalism; INDUSTRIALISTS: How the National Association of Manufacturers Shaped American Capitalism, The (Book); NATIONAL Association of Manufacturers (U.S.); NONFICTION

A Militancy of Invidious Comparisons: The Contested Value of Hospital Work in Ontario, 1959–1974 - Hurl, Chris (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
This article examines the efforts to establish objective criteria in deciding on appropriate wage levels for non-professional service workers in Ontario's hospital sector during the 1960s and 1970s. Drawing from recent literature in cultural political economy and the politics of valuation, it shows how industrial relations specialists sought to reframe the field of struggle through the practice of interest arbitration. Through a comparative study of arbitration cases in this period, the article explores the complex displacement of expertise from local hospital boards and medical professionals to law professors and labour economists, who sought to establish an industrial jurisprudence that could avoid strikes and lockouts in such essential industries by assigning awards based on the probable outcomes of industrial conflict. No longer were disputes settled through the ideological obfuscations of "justice"; instead, expert arbitrators drew on the science of economics in asserting irrefutable labour market "realities." While pretensions to scientific expertise in the settlement of disputes remained hegemonic through the late 1960s, hospital workers in Ontario, through their unions and in alliance with New Left organizations, effectively reasserted "justice" as a highly contextualized unit of value through their militant struggles in the early 1970s. The article concludes by discussing the tensions and contradictions produced out of these struggles and the subsequent challenges in regulating public-sector labour disputes.
Keywords: HOSPITAL personnel; HOSPITAL trustees; HOSPITALS; INDUSTRIAL relations; Keynesian welfare state; LABOR supply; ONTARIO; Ontario; WAGES; arbitrage de différends; healthcare workers; histoire du travail; interest arbitration; labour history; labour unions; public sector; secteur public; syndicats; travailleuses et travailleurs de la santé; valuation studies; État-providence keynésien; études de la valeur

Transgender Marxism ed. by Jules Joanne Gleeson and Elle O'Rourke (review) - Irving, Dan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Transgender Marxism," edited by Jules Joanne Gleeson and Elle O'Rourke.
Keywords: GLEESON, Jules Joanne; NONFICTION; O'ROURKE, Elle; TRANSGENDER Marxism (Book); TRANSGENDER history

Les effets des caractéristiques démographiques des arbitres sur les sentences arbitrales dans le secteur universitaire canadien - Jafary, Maziar; Carrière, Jules (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This study examines the effects of demographic characteristics of arbitrators on arbitration outcomes in the Canadian university sector. More specifically, we attempt to explain whether five characteristics of arbitrators (their experiences in law, management, and union affairs as well as their age and gender) could significantly determine how they adjudicate in cases heard in labor relations tribunals. Therefore, we examine whether the five aforementioned characteristics, as the group of independent variables, could significantly determine the variations of two dependent variables, namely the outcome of the arbitration procedure and compensation of any damages- interests.

Working People Built This Archive: The IWA Archive and Woodworker History - John, Henry (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)

James P. Cannon and the Emergence of Trotskyism in the United States, 1928–38 - John, S. Sándor (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "James P. Cannon and the Emergence of Trotskyism in the United States, 1928–38," by Bryan D. Palmer.

Stampede: Misogyny, White Supremacy, and Settler Colonialism - Joudrey, Susan L. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Stampede: Misogyny, White Supremacy, and Settler Colonialism," by Kimberly A. Williams.
Keywords: MISOGYNY; NONFICTION; STAMPEDE: Misogyny, White Supremacy & Settler Colonialism (Book); WHITE supremacy; WILLIAMS, Kimberly A.

Accounting for Absences and Ambiguities in the Freelancing Labour Relation - Karaagac, E. Alkim; Worth, Nancy (Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 2022)
Research in economic geography has focused on the shift away from the standard employment relationship in the West; yet within these debates, non-standard work is an amorphous stand-in for many kinds of labour. Our aim is to account for absences and ambiguities within one form of non-standard work—freelancing—to make the contours of this work more visible, and to understand why a growing sector of the labour market is not well measured, protected or understood. Working from a Canadian case study, we first examine the conflicting ways freelancing is statistically measured, using an umbrella of intersecting terms that refer to labour or workers. Second, we critically review how freelancing is (not) legislated, organized and protected, areas of mediation which often still presume a standard employment relationship. Finally, we consider how the identity of ‘freelancer’ is lived, through freelancers’ complex yet partial definitions that embrace flexibility and constraint.

Bent Out of Shape: Shame, Solidarity and Women's Bodies at Work by Karen Messing (review) - Kealey, Linda (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Bent Out of Shape: Shame, Solidarity and Women's Bodies at Work," by Karen Messing.
Keywords: BENT Out of Shape: Shame, Solidarity & Women's Bodies at Work (Book); MESSING, Karen; NONFICTION; WOMEN employees

Occupation Health and Safety: A Failure to Protect the Right of Workers to Participate in Enforcement - King, Andrew; Lewchuk, Wayne (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Section 50 of the Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act prohibits an employer from punishing a worker who complains about a health and safety concern and who seeks to exercise the right to raise or report this concern. A worker who suffers such a reprisal may file a grievance if covered by a collective agreement or make an application to the Ontario Labour Relations Board (OLRB).
Keywords: Droit de la santé et la sécurité au travail; Santé et sécurité au travail; discipline; enforcement; occupational health and safety; participation des travailleurs; reprisal; représailles; représentation des travailleurs; worker health and safety rights; worker participation; worker representation

Sharing the Struggle for Fairness: Exploring Possibilities for Solidarity & Just Labour in Organic Agriculture - Klassen, Susanna (Susanna Elsie); Fuerza Migrante; Wittman, Hannah (Canadian Food Studies/La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation, 2022)
Despite the organic movement’s early connections to labour advocacy and commitment to the principle of “Fairness”, the evolution of the organic sector has generated questions about the strength of its links to food justice in certified organic farming. Scholar-activists have, in particular, highlighted the problematic nature of labour relations on many organic farms. This article reports on a growing relationship between an organic farming association (the Certified Organic Associations of British Columbia) and a migrant workers justice collective (Fuerza Migrante) with aspirations of alliance building. Drawing from qualitative interviews and participant observation, we examine the extent to which efforts by the organic community towards fairness in labour relations may signal an opening whereby the organic movement may take up the more radical struggle for rights, status and justice for racialized migrant workers. We draw on theoretical work on post-capitalist relations and emancipatory social transformations to provide scaffolding to our assessment, and illuminate the importance of complementary efforts. While the primary demands raised by migrant workers and their allies (eg structural changes to temporary foreign worker programs) are not yet mirrored by the organic community’s advocacy, this paper documents preliminary efforts towards centering of migrant worker struggles for justice that may open up spaces for social emancipation for workers in organic farming systems. We also provide recommendations for how the organic community could act in solidarity with migrants and advance migrant justice priorities.

Grève des stages, grèves des femmes. Anthologie d'une lutte féministe pour un salaire étudiant (2016–2019) - Kuehni, Morgane (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Grève des stages, grèves des femmes. Anthologie d'une lutte féministe pour un salaire étudiant (2016–2019)," by Collectif.

Mining Country: A History of Canada’s Mines and Miners - Kuyek, Joan (A\J: Alternatives Journal: Voice of Canada's Environment, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Mining Country: A History of Canada's Mine and Miners," by John Sandlos and Arn Keeling.

Bread and Roses: Gender and Class Under Capitalism - Labelle, Sandrine (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Bread and Roses: Gender and Class Under Capitalism," by Andrea D'Atri.
Keywords: BREAD & Roses: Gender & Class Under Capitalism (Book); CAPITALISM; D'ATRI, Andrea; NONFICTION

Le soutien social du manager direct : une solution pour limiter l’épuisement professionnel pendant la crise sanitaire liée à la COVID-19? - Laborie, Clara; Abord de Chatillon, Emmanuel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Durant la crise sanitaire liée à l’épidémie de COVID-19, des milliers de salariés français ont été contraints de travailler isolés les uns des autres. Cette situation inédite a engendré de lourds inconvénients en matière de conditions de travail, entraînant de hauts niveaux d’épuisement professionnel. L’objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer si le soutien social du manager direct est en mesure de modérer les effets négatifs des conditions de travail sur l’épuisement professionnel des salariés en période de crise sanitaire. Les résultats montrent que ce soutien a un impact direct sur l’épuisement professionnel, quel que soit le lieu de travail. Cependant, il n’est pas en mesure de modérer l’effet des conditions de travail sur l’épuisement professionnel des salariés à domicile, et n’y arrive que modestement pour les salariés sur site.
Keywords: Social support of direct supervisors; Soutien social du manager direct; crise sanitaire; professional exhaustion; remote work; sanitary crises; teleworking; télétravail; épuisement professionnel

L’importance des schémas mentaux en matière de diversité : étude exploratoire auprès d’employeurs situés en région - Lachapelle, Marie; St-Onge, Sylvie; Arcand, Sébastien (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Managing ethnocultural diversity, i.e., employees with a socio-cultural heritage different from the majority (language, tradition, religion, etc.), is a growing challenge for employers. In order to provide added value and minimize the risks of diversity at all levels of the organization, it is important to improve our understanding or the diversity mindset -- the way people think about diversity in the workplace -- and how it influences management practices. While organizations outside of major urban centers must increasingly rely on immigration to ensure their growth and survival, relatively few studies have been done in rural areas and even fewer on the diversity mindset of employers based there.
Keywords: Canada; Diversity mindset; Embauche; Hiring; Inclusion; Intégration; Onboarding; Québec; Rétention; diversity; diversité; immigrants; immigration; immigration régionale; retention; rural immigration; schémas mentaux

Canada in the World: Settler Colonialism and the Colonial Imagination - Langford, Will (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Canada in the World: Settler Colonialism and the Colonial Imagination," by Tyler A. Shipley.
Keywords: CANADA in the World: Settler Colonialism & the Colonial Imagination (Book); CANADIAN history; COLONIES; NONFICTION; SHIPLEY, Tyler A.

Grand Army of Labor Workers, Veterans, and the Meaning of the Civil War - Lause, Mark A. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Grand Army of Labor Workers, Veterans, and the Meaning of the Civil War," by Matthew E. Stanley.
Keywords: GRAND Army of Labor: Workers, Veterans & the Meaning of the Civil War (Book); NONFICTION; STANLEY, Matthew E.; WORKING class

Shift Change: Scenes from a Post-Industrial Revolution - Lawson, Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Shift Change: Scenes from a Post-Industrial Revolution," by Stephen Dale.

The Fire and the Ashes: Rekindling Democratic Socialism - Lexier, Roberta (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Fire and the Ashes: Rekindling Democratic Socialism," by Andrew Jackson.
Keywords: DEMOCRATIC socialism; FIRE & the Ashes: Rekindling Democratic Socialism, The (Book); JACKSON, Andrew; NONFICTION

"An Unexpectedly Significant Finding": Poverty and the Royal Commission on the Status of Women - Little, Margaret Hillyard (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Examines the "unexpectedly significant finding" of the report of the 1970 Royal Commission on the Status of Women regarding the situation of women in poverty. Provides historical context and analyzes briefs submitted to the commission. Argues that the commission's preoccupation with improved labour market outcomes failed to address the deeper, structural issues of paid and unpaid work. Concludes that, then and now, the voices of low-income women have not been heard and there has been general reluctance to join the campaign for Basic Income.
Keywords: CANADA; CANADA Assistance Plan Directorate; CANADA. Health & Welfare Canada; POOR women; POVERTY; POVERTY reduction; ROYAL Commission on the Status of Women in Canada; SERVICES for the poor

Spent Behind the Wheel: Drivers' Labor in the Uber Economy - Lu, Xing (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Spent Behind the Wheel: Drivers' Labor in the Uber Economy," by Julietta Hua and Kasturi Ray.

"They Will Crack Heads When the Communist Line Is Expounded": Anti-Communist Violence in Cold War Canada - Luciuk, Kassandra (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
This article examines anti-communist political violence in Canada during the early years of the Cold War. It specifically focuses on the Ukrainian Canadian community, one of the country's most politically engaged and divided ethnic groups. While connected to an existing split within the community, acts of violence were largely committed by newly arrived displaced persons who were much more radical than existing anti-communist Ukrainian Canadians. Government and state officials tacitly, and sometimes even explicitly, sided with the perpetrators. This laxity toward the violence reveals how, in the early years of the Cold War, law and justice were mutable and unevenly enforced depending on the political orientation of those involved. In a broader sense, this article adds to an understanding of the multifaceted ways that anti-communism manifested itself in this period to define the acceptable parameters of political consciousness.
Keywords: Canada; Cold War; Ukraine; anti-communism; anticommunisme; communism; communisme; droit; ethnicity; ethnicité; guerre froide; law; maintien de l'ordre et politique; migration; political policing; violence

Familiar Constraints: The Report of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women and the Challenge of Unpaid Work in the Home - Luxton, Meg (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Examines the liberal feminist assumptions that underpinned the proposals of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women with respect to unpaid labour in the home, notably the the nuclear-family household as well as capitalist social and economic relations.
Keywords: CANADA; DIVISION of household labor; HOME economics; MOTHERS; ROYAL Commission on the Status of Women in Canada; UNPAID labor; WIVES; WOMEN; WOMEN'S rights

Patriarchy of the Wage: Notes on Marx, Gender and Feminism - Luxton, Meg (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Patriarchy of the Wage: Notes on Marx, Gender and Feminism," by Silvia Federici.

Canada, A Working History - MacKinnon, Lachlan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Canada, A Working History," by Jason Russell.
Keywords: CANADA: A Working History (Book); CANADIAN history; HISTORY of labor; NONFICTION; RUSSELL, Jason

Class Action: How Ontario's Elementary Teachers Became a Political Force - MacLellan, Duncan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Class Action: How Ontario's Elementary Teachers Became a Political Force," by Andy Hanson.
Keywords: CLASS Action: How Ontario's Elementary Teachers Became a Political Force (Book); ELEMENTARY school teachers; HANSON, Andy; NONFICTION; ONTARIO

Solidarity: Canada's Unknown Revolution of 1983 - Magnusson, Warren (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Solidarity: Canada's Unknown Revolution of 1983," by David Spaner.

Le Mammouth - Marsan, Benoit (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Le Mammouth," by Pierre Samson.
Keywords: GREAT Depression, 1929-1939; LE Mammouth (Book); NONFICTION; SAMSON, Pierre

Breathe Deep, Boys: Voices of the McIntyre Powder Project Miners - Martell, Janice; Guidotti, Tee (New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 2022)
Northern Ontario gold and uranium miners represent the largest cohort of industrial laborers who were historically exposed to daily nonconsensual industrial medical treatments involving the inhalation of finely ground aluminum dust known as McIntyre Powder. The daughter of one of those miners founded the McIntyre Powder Project in 2015 to document health issues in exposed miners, in an effort to determine whether her father's Parkinson's was related to aluminum inhalation. In response, 553 miners registered with the McIntyre Powder Project between 2015 and 2021 either directly or by their next-of-kin. This paper compiles their lived experiences of being subjected to McIntyre Powder, which contrasts starkly with the official narrative of the northern Ontario mining industry, which licensed its use globally. Additionally, this paper illuminates concerning industrial practices that emerged from the miners’ disclosures, involving incentivized claims suppression, and raising serious questions about the effectiveness of medical screening and regulatory enforcement.

Parentalité, conciliation emploi-famille et composition genrée de la main-d’oeuvre dans les organisations en temps de pandémie : le cas du Québec - Mathieu, Sophie; Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Les organisations, tout comme les membres de la famille et l’État, peuvent contribuer à faciliter la conciliation emploi-famille. Nous nous penchons ici sur la conciliation des vies personnelle et professionnelle des parents québécois sur la base de l’analyse de données de deux enquêtes menées auprès de parents et d’employeurs en 2020. Nous documentons et comparons l’expérience de conciliation en temps de pandémie des mères et des pères; puis, tout en tenant compte de l’importance des politiques familiales au Québec, nous montrons qu’il existe une correspondance entre le genre de la majorité de la main-d’oeuvre et l’offre de mesures de conciliation emploi-famille, les milieux de travail qui emploient majoritairement des femmes manifestant plus d’ouverture à l’égard de ces mesures et y voyant plus d’avantages.
Keywords: Conciliation emploi-famille; Gender; Organisation; Quebec; Québec; Work-family reconciliation; genre; organisations

Debunking Lien Myths: Empirical Evidence for an Essential Tool in the Fight against Wage Theft - McBride, Justin; Adler, Laura (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Wage lien laws have immense potential to help workers collect owed wages. Because liens can secure rights to property before full adjudication, workers can rest assured that real assets will exist should they prevail and scofflaw employers cannot easily hide assets from collections. Despite the proven usefulness of wage lien laws, opponents frequently argue that broad lien regimes would restrict credit.
Keywords: analyse des différences; difference-in-differences analysis; privilège salariaux; prêts aux entreprises; small business loans; vol de salaire; wage liens; wage theft

Examining Talent Management Practices in a Canadian Not-for-Profit Context: A Theory-Driven Template Analysis - McCaig, Melanie; Rezania, Davar; Lightheart, David (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
While recognizing the importance of human capital in the success of non-profit organizations, existing research has primarily focused on talent management (TM) in large multinational organizations, mainly those in the private sectors of North America, Asia and Europe. In this article, we adopt a theory-driven approach and build on previous conceptualizations of TM to examine the perspectives of 30 Canadian nonprofit and for-profit decision-makers. Results show that Canadian decision-makers have a unique inclusive and competitive view of TM. Their view is defined predominantly by humanistic (acquired talent, inclusive, input and output) and competitive factors (reliance on recruitment and skill development). This study contributes a new perspective by providing empirical insights from managers of Canadian enterprises and pointing to implications for broader discussion, conceptualization and practice in the field.
Keywords: Canada; Développement et formation du talent; Formation inclusive; Gestion humaniste du talent; Organismes sans but lucratifs; Organismes à but non lucratif; competitive; humanistic talent management; inclusive; nonprofit; organizational nature; talent development; vision inclusive et compétitive de la formation

Serving a Wired World: London's Telecommunications Workers and the Making of an Information Capital - McKercher, Catherine (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Serving a Wired World: London's Telecommunications Workers and the Making of an Information Capital," by Katie Hindmarch-Watson.
Keywords: HINDMARCH-Watson, Katie; NONFICTION; SERVING a Wired World: London's Telecommunications Workers & the Making of an Information Capital (Book); TELECOMMUNICATION employees

“Relationships of Care”: Care and Meaning in Canadian Academic Librarian Work during COVID-19 - McLay Paterson, Amy; Eva, Nicole (Partnership: Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research / Partnership : revue canadienne de la pratique et de la recherche en bibliothéconomie et sciences de l’information, 2022)
In March and April 2021, we conducted semi-structured interviews with academic librarians from across Canada about their experiences working through COVID-19 thus far. Topics included workload, collegiality, and overall satisfaction with their working conditions during a pandemic. Themes emerged around job scurity, meaningful work, workload shifts, working from home, relationships with colleagues and administrators, and hopes for the future. While individual experiences varied greatly, the biggest uniting factor was the care and deliberation that characterized both our participants’ framing of work that was meaningful to them as well as their ideal relationships with colleagues and administrators. This research connects to previous literature on vocational awe and emotional labour in libraries. For librarians, this study connects isolated individual situations with the overall picture of what our work looked and felt like during the COVID-19 pandemic. For library administrators, we have identified some general trends, which can provide insight in the areas of communication, flexibility, and institutional support as we work toward a post-pandemic new normal.
Keywords: COVID-19; academic librarians; affective labour; bibliothécaires universitaires; care in libraries; charge de travail des bibliothécaires; le care en bibliothèque; le travail affectif; le travail des bibliothèques; librarian workload; library labour

A Re-education on How to Work: Vocational Programs in Kingston-Area Prisons, 1950–1965 - McNeill, Katie-Marie (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The Prison for Women, Kingston Penitentiary, and Collins Bay Penitentiary each offered an increasing variety of vocational training opportunities to incarcerated people in the mid-20th century. This article examines vocational training in these Kingston-area prisons from 1950 to the mid-1960s and argues that access to these programs was based largely on gender and age. Foucault's idea of governmentality supports analysis of how the Penitentiary Service of Canada, reformers, and prisoners understood the process of learning how to work. Women incarcerated at the Prison for Women were trained in fields that mirrored domestic labour, and limited numbers of younger women were given access to trial vocational training in women-dominated fields such as hairdressing. Young men in their teens and twenties incarcerated at Collins Bay Penitentiary were given access to skilled trades, while older men at Kingston Penitentiary could try to qualify for transfer to Collins Bay Penitentiary by taking basic educational course upgrades. These vocational programs were supported by the John Howard Society of Ontario and the Elizabeth Fry Society of Kingston, local prisoner aid societies that helped formerly incarcerated people find jobs and coordinated with prison administration to bolster rehabilitation programs.
Keywords: EDUCATION of prisoners; KINGSTON (Ont.); OCCUPATIONAL training; PRISON reform; PRISONS; REFORMATORIES for women; WOMEN prisoners; carceral state; gender and incarceration; genre et incarcération; prison labour; prisons; travail des prisonnières et prisonniers; État carcéral

Disruptive Prisoners: Resistance, Reform, and the New Deal - McNeill, Katie-Marie (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Disruptive Prisoners: Resistance, Reform, and the New Deal," by Chris Clarkson and Melissa Munn.
Keywords: CLARKSON, Chris; DISRUPTIVE Prisoners: Resistance, Reform & the New Deal (Book); MUNN, Melissa; NONFICTION; PRISON reform

Grossières indécences : Pratiques et identités homosexuelles à Montréal, 1880–1929 - Michaud, Mathilde (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Grossières indécences : Pratiques et identités homosexuelles à Montréal, 1880–1929," by Dominic Dagenais
Keywords: DAGENAIS, Dominic; GROSSIERES indecences: Pratiques et identites homosexuelles a Montreal 1880-1929 (Book); HOMOSEXUALITY; MONTREAL (Quebec); NONFICTION

Changes in the Prevalence of Nonstandard Employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic - Mitri, Katelyn; Sartor, Stephen (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically impacted employment across Canada. While several reports show an increase in job loss and unemployment, there is little mention of changes in types of employment during the pandemic. Drawing on the Canadian Labour Force Surveys from 2017-2021, this article explored how the pandemic affected nonstandard employment rates while examining whether these impacts differed by certain sociodemographic variables. Namely, differences in rates of nonstandard employment were explored by gender, immigrant status, and age group. The main finding was that rates of nonstandard wage work (temporary and part-time employment) decreased during the first initial lockdown and returned to pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2020. Meanwhile, own-account and part-time self-employment increased during the first wave of the pandemic. While these increases were uniformly experienced across different groups of workers, there is some evidence of widening or narrowing gaps in rates of nonstandard employment depending on the sociodemographic group.
Keywords: Age groups; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Canada; Canadian Labour Congress; Confinement; Employment statistics; Gender; Genre; Immigrants; Immigration; Lockdown; Self-employment; Sociodemographic factors; Unemployment statistics; chômage; emploi atypique; nonstandard employment; unemployment; âge

The Economists' Hour: False Prophets, Free Markets, and The Fracture of Society - Muldoon, Jefferey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Economists' Hour: False Prophets, Free Markets, and The Fracture of Society," by Binyamin Appelbaum.

The Third Pillar: How Markets and the State Leave the Community Behind - Muldoon, Jeffrey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This article reviews the book, "The Third Pillar. How Markets and the State Leave the Community Behind," by Rajan Raghuram.

Exploring New Intermediaries in the Labour Market - Nesheim, Torstein; Jesnes, Kristin (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
New labour market intermediaries, such as those using digital platforms, are challenging not only temporary help agencies but also traditional employer–employee relationships. A new conceptual scheme is proposed to distinguish between three functions: a) allocating the work; b) entering into a contract with the worker; and c) managing and organizing the work.
Keywords: Intermédiaires du marché du travail; Labour market intermediaries; allocation; contractor; digital platforms; entrepreneur; plateformes numériques; répartition

Inclusion des personnes d’origine étrangère sur le marché de l’emploi. Bilan des politiques en Wallonie - Ngabusi Sapa, Lucie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Inclusion des personnes d’origine étrangère sur le marché de l’emploi. Bilan des politiques en Wallonie.," edited by Altay Manço et Leïla Scheurette.

Dissenting Traditions: Essays on Bryan D. Palmer, Marxism, and History - Nichols, Shaun S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Dissenting Traditions: Essays on Bryan D. Palmer, Marxism, and History," edited by Sean Carleton, Ted McCoy, and Julia Smith.

"We Now Must Take Action": Indigenous Women, Activism, and the Aftermath of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women - Nickel, Sarah (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Analyzes Indigenous women's activism during the period of the the Royal Commission on the Status of Women as well as the National Action Committee on the Status of Women founded in 1972. Issues of colonialism and the Indian Act are explored.
Keywords: ACTIVISM; CANADA; CANADA. Indian Act; FIRST Nations of Canada; INDIGENOUS women; MOHAWK (North American people); NATIONAL Action Committee on the Status of Women (Organization); ROYAL Commission on the Status of Women in Canada; TWO-Axe Earley, Mary

Editors’ Note / Note de la rédaction - Niergarth, Kirk; Smith, Charles W. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Pays tribute to co-editor Joan Sangster, who retires with the publication of this issue. Comments that the COVID-19 pandemic has not dimmed the journal's quality, and that it remains committed to fostering scholarship, dialogue and debate on injustices and inequities which, if anything, have become more apparent in the present context. Reports the cancelation of a workshop on the carceral state in Canada due to the pandemic, but that the first of the papers that were to be delivered appear in the issue.

The Red Thread: The Passaic Textile Strike - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Red Thread: The Passaic Textile Strike," by Jacob A. Zumoff.
Keywords: NONFICTION; RED Thread: The Passaic Textile Strike, The (Book); TEXTILE Workers' Strike, Passaic, N.J., 1926; ZUMOFF, Jacob A.

L’intelligence artificielle et les mondes du travail : perspectives sociojuridiques et enjeux éthiques - Parent-Rocheleau, Xavier (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "L’intelligence artificielle et les mondes du travail : perspectives sociojuridiques et enjeux éthiques," edited by Jean Bernier.

The Royal Commission on the Status of Women and Child Care - Pasolli, Lisa (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Examines the 1970 Royal Commission on the Status of Women's proposals on child care, which included tax measures, a child allowance, and establishment of a national daycare program. Provides background and argues that the taxchange introduced by the federal government (which was not what the report had recommended) exacerbated inequality and reinforced the notion that childcare was a private matter.
Keywords: CANADA; CANADA. Income Tax Act; CHILD care; CHILD care services; DIVISION of household labor; EARLY childhood education; ROYAL Commission on the Status of Women in Canada; WOMEN

Une tragédie pour le dialogue social? Comment le numérique a perturbé la dimension théâtrale du dialogue social lors du premier confinement lié à la COVID-19 - Pasquier, Vincent; De Becdelièvre, Pauline (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Notre article s’intéresse à la manière dont le dialogue social se transforme lorsque les échanges se déroulent en ligne. Jusqu’à très récemment, le dialogue social avait largement résisté aux appels de la numérisation. Cependant, avec la COVID-19, les rencontres en personne ont dû être remplacées par des interactions à distance. En raison de ce changement soudain, notre article propose d’examiner comment les rituels de dialogue social se transforment lorsque les interactions entre les employeurs et les syndicats deviennent virtuelles. Pour mieux cerner cette problématique, nous mobilisons le cadre théorique développé par Goffman (1973) dans lequel le monde social est métaphoriquement comparé à un théâtre. Ainsi, nous proposons d’étudier l’évolution dramaturgique des relations entre les syndicats et les employeurs lorsque la scène et les coulisses du dialogue social se dématérialisent. Pour analyser empiriquement cette question, nous avons réalisé 23 entretiens avec des acteurs impliqués dans le dialogue social en France, dont 13 qui représentent la partie syndicale et 10 qui représentent la partie patronale. Nos résultats mettent en évidence trois mécanismes qui, sur la scène, contribuent à l’étiolement de la dramaturgie du dialogue social : la perte du caractère théâtral des interventions syndicales, l’isolement des représentants des salariés et la désynchronisation de leurs interventions. Notre étude empirique souligne aussi comment, dans les coulisses du dialogue social, le passage au numérique se traduit globalement par un appauvrissement des échanges, à l’exception des relations basées sur des liens forts. Fort de ces constats, notre article contribue à la littérature en postulant que les changements observés concourent à une perte de pouvoir pour la partie syndicale. En outre, derrière une pacification de façade des interactions patronales-syndicales, nous soulignons que la perte du caractère théâtral du dialogue social pourrait éloigner les acteurs d’une dynamique intégrative et les enfermer dans un mode plus distributif. S’appuyant sur les écrits de Goffman, notre article s’intéresse à la manière dont le dialogue social évolue lorsque le théâtre des interactions entre syndicats et employeurs devient numérique, comme ce fut le cas à la suite de la pandémie de COVID-19. Se basant sur 23 entretiens, notre article met en évidence trois effets du numérique sur le jeu scénique des acteurs syndicaux : la perte du caractère théâtral des prises de parole, l’isolement des acteurs et la désynchronisation de leurs interventions. Notre étude conclut également à un appauvrissement global des échanges en coulisse. Cet article contribue à la littérature en montrant comment le mode à distance modifie les relations de pouvoir entre les syndicats et les employeurs ainsi que la nature même de leurs relations.
Keywords: Covid-19; Digital; Goffman; Labor Relations; Numérique; Social Dialog; Union; WFH; dialogue social; distanciel; relations de travail; remote work; syndicat; telework

The Enduring Significance of Black and Multiracial Working-Class History - Pearson, Chad (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews and comments on "Department Stores and the Black Freedom Movement: Workers, Consumers, and Civil Rights from the 1930s to the 1980s," by Traci Parker, "Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism," by Touré F. Reed, and "Workers on Arrival: Black Labor in the Making of America," by Joe William Trotter, Jr.

Control and Insecurity in Australian and Canadian Universities during the COVID-19 Pandemic - Peetz, David; O’Brady, Sean; Weststar, Johanna; Coles, Amanda; Baird, Marian; Cooper, Rae; Charlesworth, Sara; Pyman, Amanda; Ressia, Susan; Strachan, Glenda; Troup, Carolyn (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
We studied 14 universities across Canada and Australia to examine how the COVID-19 crisis, mediated through management strategies and conflict over financial control in higher education, influenced workers’ job security and affective outcomes like stress and happiness. The countries differed in their institutional frameworks, their union density, their embeddedness in neoliberalism and their negotiation patterns. Management strategies also differed between universities. Employee outcomes were influenced by differences in union involvement. Labour cost reductions negotiated with unions could improve financial outcomes, but, even in a crisis, management might not be willing to forego absolute control over finance, and it was not the depth of the crisis that shaped management decisions.
Keywords: Analyse comparative; Australia; Australie; COVID-19; Canada; Contrôle; Covid-19; Stratégies de gestion; Syndicat; Travailleurs universitaires; comparative analysis; control; contrôle financier; financial control; management strategies; negotiation pattern; négociation collective; union; university workers

The Autonomy Tussle: AI Technology and Employee Job Crafting Responses - Perez, Fabienne; Conway, Neil; Roques, Olivier (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
In this qualitative study of 27 bank employees, we investigated how learning algorithms affected their working conditions, their autonomy and the meaning of their work. We show that employees responded to the AI-induced changes through job crafting behaviours (Wrzesniewski & Dutton, 2001). Employees reshaped their task and relationship boundaries, and cognitively reframed their jobs, to maintain their autonomy, their desired social relationships and the meaning of their work. By considering the effects of learning algorithms on the employees’ work experience from their perspective, we provide a novel application of job crafting theory. Employees’ concerted response across the three job crafting dimensions underlines the importance of synergy across job crafting dimensions if they are to be successful in altering employees’ experience of work and enhancing the human value of their services.
Keywords: algorithmes; algorithms; artificial intelligence; banking; banque; intelligence artificielle; job crafting; job redesign

Droit du travail et droits du travailleur en Chine : de quelles normes du travail parle-t-on? - Périsse, Muriel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
L’étude du droit du travail restauré au cours de la transition économique chinoise nous montre que, comme ailleurs à d’autres époques, il accompagne le développement capitaliste et assure la construction du marché du travail. Suivant la tradition institutionnaliste en économie fondée sur le lien étroit économie-droit, nous pouvons mettre à jour les choix faits par l’État concernant les droits à protéger à travers des normes du travail élevées. Ces droits du travailleur s’exerçant dans un pays autoritaire se trouvent soumis avant tout au projet de « société harmonieuse » mené par le Parti communiste chinois. En fin de compte, l’ancrage du droit du travail dans le dispositif de « management social », destiné à assurer le contrôle de l’État sur les travailleurs, se retourne contre eux.
Keywords: China; Chine; Commons; Institutional Economics; Labour Law; Labour market; droit; marché du travail; normes du travail; économie institutionnaliste

Flexibilité et transformation des relations d’emploi : une segmentation des pratiques de gestion de la main-d’oeuvre - Peyrin, Aurélie; Signoretto, Camille; Mehaut, Philippe (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Dans un contexte de transformation du système français de relations d’emploi, à la fois dans son coeur (contrat à durée indéterminée) et dans ses marges (contrats à durée déterminée de plus en plus courts, autoentrepreneuriat, …), cet article cherche à comprendre les diverses stratégies de gestion de la main-d’oeuvre, en particulier celles relatives à la flexibilité des entreprises à l’échelle d’une région française : la Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Nous adoptons une approche renouvelée des théories de la segmentation, à la fois diversifiée et dynamique. Au-delà de l’opposition marché interne-marché externe, nous avons d’abord caractérisé les pratiques de segmentation, non seulement selon la nature du contrat de travail, mais également selon la durée du contrat, le niveau de rémunération et le type de temps de travail (complet ou partiel). Nous avons ensuite étudié l’évolution que cette segmentation a connue entre 2006 et 2016 et avons décliné cette segmentation des pratiques selon la taille des établissements. À partir d’une base de données exhaustive sur les emplois et les établissements de la région étudiée, nous avons mis à jour quatre segments caractérisant les relations d’emploi en Provence-Côte d’Azur : le premier, typique du marché primaire, est qualifié de « stabilité de l’emploi » ; le deuxième, au contraire, typique du marché secondaire, est nommé « flexibilité par les contrats courts » ; le troisième est marqué par l’usage de contrats à durée déterminée (CDD) de plus de six mois, d’où la qualification de « flexibilité par les CDD longs » ; le quatrième, plus diversifié, est qualifié de « pratiques mixtes ». L’évolution entre 2006 et 2016 se caractérise ensuite par le renforcement des caractéristiques propres à chaque segment, mais aussi par l’érosion du segment de « stabilité de l’emploi » et la progression du segment de « pratiques mixtes », qui semble illustrer la diffusion de formes d’emplois subventionnés par les pouvoirs publics sur la période 2006-2016. La déclinaison de la typologie des pratiques par taille d’établissement a, elle, permis de confirmer de manière générale la pertinence des 4 segments, même si pour les grands établissements, les segments de « flexibilité par les CDD longs » et de « pratiques mixtes » pourraient former un unique segment.
Keywords: Flexibility; Flexibilité; employment stability; gestion de la main-d’oeuvre; labour relations; management; pratique d’entreprises; relations d’emploi; segmentation

Routledge International Handbook of Working-Class Studies - Pilon, Dennis (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Routledge International Handbook of Working-Class Studies," edited by Michele Fazio et al.
Keywords: FAZIO, Michele; LAUNIUS, Christie; NONFICTION; ROUTLEDGE International Handbook of Working-Class Studies (Book); STRANGLEMAN, Tim; WORKING class

In the Kingdom of Shoes: Bata Zlĭn, Globalization, 1894–1945 - Russell, Jason (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "In the Kingdom of Shoes: Bata Zlĭn, Globalization, 1894–1945," by Zachary Austin Doleshal.

Introduction - Sangster, Joan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Introduces and summarizes the five articles presented for the roundtable that was convened on the 50th anniversary of the founding of National Action Committee on the Status of Women. Takes note of the various themes explored, including labour feminism.
Keywords: Canadian feminism and Indigenous women; Comité canadien d'action sur le statut de la femme; Commission royale d'enquête sur la situation de la femme au Canada; NATIONAL Action Committee on the Status of Women (Organization); National Action Committee; ROYAL Commission on the Status of Women in Canada; Royal Commission on the Status of Women; child care; domestic labour; education; féminisme canadien et femmes autochtones; garde d'enfants; pauvreté; poverty; travail domestique; éducation

Public Education, Neoliberalism, and Teachers: New York, Mexico City, Toronto - Santos, Rodrigo M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Public Education, Neoliberalism, and Teachers: New York, Mexico City, Toronto," by Paul Bocking.
Keywords: BOCKING, Paul; NEOLIBERALISM; NONFICTION; PUBLIC Education, Neoliberalism & Teachers: New York, Mexico City, Toronto (Book); PUBLIC education

Crisis and Opportunity: Faculty Associations and the Challenge of Pandemic Bargaining - Savage, Larry (Workplace: A Journal for Academic Labor, 2022)
This article explores the effects of COVID-19 on collective bargaining in Canadian universities. Specifically, the research considers how the pandemic created both crises and opportunities for faculty associations, primarily through a case study of the Brock University Faculty Association’s 2020 round of bargaining. More broadly, the article examines how COVID-19 has brought into sharper focus debates within faculty associations about the need to transition from a traditional to an organizing model of collective bargaining in order to better defend and advance the interest of academic labour within the neoliberal university.

Strategic Electoral Dilemmas and the Politics of Teachers’ Unions in Ontario - Savage, Larry; Mancini, Chantal (Canadian Political Science Review, 2022)
This article seeks to explain both convergence and divergence in Ontario teacher union electoral strategy. After coalescing around a strategy of anti-Progressive Conservative (PC) strategic voting beginning with the 1999 provincial election, Ontario’s major teachers’ unions developed an electoral alliance with the McGuinty Liberals designed to advance teacher union priorities and mitigate the possibility of a return to power for the PCs. The authors use campaign finance and interview data to demonstrate that this ad hoc partnership was strengthened over the course of several election campaigns before the Liberal government’s decision to legislate restrictions on teacher union collective bargaining rights in 2012 led to unprecedented tension in the union-party partnership. The authors adapt the concept of union-party loyalty dilemmas to explain why individual teachers’ unions responded differently to the Liberal government’s efforts to impose austerity measures in the education sector.
Keywords: Ontario; education; elections; strategic voting; unions

Shaping the Futures of Work: Proactive Governance and Millennials - Silva, Vicente (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Shaping the Futures of Work: Proactive Governance and Millennials," by Nilanjan Ragunath.

Tacky's Revolt: The Story of an Atlantic Slave War - Sorrell III, Clifton E. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Tacky's Revolt: The Story of an Atlantic Slave War," by Vincent Brown.
Keywords: BROWN, Vincent; NONFICTION; SLAVE insurrections; TACKY'S Revolt: The Story of an Atlantic Slave War (Book)

Code White: Sounding the Alarm on Violence Against Health Care Workers - Storey, Robert (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Code White: Sounding the Alarm on Violence Against Health Care Workers," by Margaret M. Keith and James T. Brophy.
Keywords: BROPHY, James T.; CODE White: Sounding the Alarm on Violence Against Health Care Workers (Book); KEITH, Margaret M.; NONFICTION; VIOLENCE against medical personnel

Unraveling the Work–Life Policies Puzzle: How the ‘Ideal Worker’ Norm Shapes Perceptions of Policies Legitimacy and Use - Tanquerel, Sabrina; Santistevan, Diana (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The development of work–life policies—e.g., employee assistance programs, on-site childcare, flextime, part-time, compressed week, and so on—is increasingly important for a growing number of organizations. Though such programs provide benefits for both employees and employers, usage rates are still low. Scholars have called for research that addresses this phenomenon and more particularly explains the underlying processes of individual decision-making concerning work–life balance, and describe why and how certain social groups differ in their approaches to policy use. Our inductive study –based on 44 individual interviews- aims to address these issues. We found that the policies are used differently depending on the employees’ social group, and that certain salient social identities—such as gender, parenthood and managerial status—shape their use. Such programs are a structural and cultural change for organizations and often present an opportunity for redefining the centrality of work. Indeed the values inherent in them, including resting and taking time for oneself or for one’s family, may conflict with the traditionally masculine values associated with the ‘ideal worker’, intuitively linked to performance and production of positive results. The clash between the two, which permeated the interviews, causes employees to fall back on the social identity or identities they find meaningful. Our findings show three main strategies that individuals use when they feel that their social identity is threatened: (1) engage in workaround activities to avoid using work-life policies; (2) try to compensate for policies use (by engaging in projects outside one’s job or doing overtime work) ; and (3) significantly limit policies use. These results contribute to literature by showing that many managers and men do not feel legitimate to use work-life policies and find workarounds to manage without them, thus perpetuating stereotypical masculine norms. We demonstrate that the identity threat that underlies work-life policies taking may help women in the short term, but also contributes to their discrimination in the long run as well as is detrimental to the work-life balance of men.
Keywords: conciliation vie professionnelle- vie personnelle; gender; genre; identité sociale; policy use; social identity; usage; work-life policies

People, Power and Profits: Progressive Capitalism for an Age of Discontent - Thwaites, James (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This article reviews the book, "People, Power and Profits: Progressive Capitalism for an Age of Discontent," by Joseph Stiglitz.

No Property in Man: Slavery and Antislavery at the Nation's Founding - Towers, Frank (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "No Property in Man: Slavery and Antislavery at the Nation's Founding," by Sean Wilentz.

Industrial Craft in Australia: Oral Histories of Creativity and Survival - Tully, John (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Industrial Craft in Australia: Oral Histories of Creativity and Survival," by Jesse Adams Stein.

Temporary Labour Migration by Any Other Name: Differential Inclusion Under Canada’s ‘New' International Mobility Regime - Vosko, Leah F. (Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2022)
To appease public anxieties and limit exploitation, in recent years Canada has sought to more strictly regulate and reduce temporary migrant work, while expanding opportunities for international mobility. This article explores the division between mobility and migration in this settler colonial context by charting developments in two overarching Canadian immigration program streams dedicated to facilitating international migration for employment on a temporary basis – the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) and the International Mobility Program (IMP) – focusing on the latter. Through an analysis of underexplored IMP subprograms directed at ‘national competitiveness,’ it probes the extent to which several fast-growing IMP subprograms entail a departure from temporary migrant work under exploitative conditions. Questioning the validity of the migration/mobility distinction assumed in policy discourse, it argues that far from providing for ideal conditions for ‘mobile’ workers, Inter-Company Transfer, Postgraduation, and Spousal subprograms are characterised by conditions poised to heighten exploitation. Meanwhile, many participants in these subprograms migrate from source countries with a history of subordination through differential inclusion, illustrating how the application of migration control devices is bound-up with residues of formal barriers to entry forged on the basis of nationality and the institutionalised racism that they engendered and threaten to perpetuate.
Keywords: Canada; International Mobility Program (IMP)‌ ‌; Migration; Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP); differential inclusion; immigration policy‌; mobility; racialisation‌; temporary migrant work

Understanding Migrant Farmworkers’ Health and Well-Being during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada: Toward a Transnational Conceptualization of Employment Strain - Vosko, Leah F.; Basok, Tanya; Spring, Cynthia; Candiz, Guillermo; George, Glynis (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022)
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Canada imposed certain international travel bans and work-from-home orders, yet migrant farmworkers, declared essential to national food security, were exempt from such measures. In this context, farm worksites proved to be particularly prone to COVID-19 outbreaks. To apprehend this trend, we engaged an expanded and transnational employment strain framework that identified the employment demands and resources understood from a transnational perspective, as well as the immigration, labour, and public health policies and practices contributing to and/or buffering employment demands during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied mixed methods to analyze administrative data, immigration, labour, and public health policy, as well as qualitative interviews with thirty migrant farmworkers employed in Ontario and Quebec. We concluded that the deleterious outcomes of the pandemic for this group were rooted in the deplorable pre-pandemic conditions they endured. Consequently, the band-aid solutions adopted by federal and provincial governments to address these conditions before and during the pandemic were limited in their efficacy because they failed to account for the transnational employment strains among precarious status workers labouring on temporary employer-tied work permits. Such findings underscore the need for transformative policies to better support health equity among migrant farmworkers in Canada.

The Subjectivities and Politics of Occupational Risk: Mines, Farms and Auto-Factories - Walters, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Subjectivities and Politics of Occupational Risk: Mines, Farms and Auto-Factories," by Alan Hall.
Keywords: HALL, Alan; INDUSTRIAL safety; NONFICTION; OCCUPATIONAL hazards; SUBJECTIVITIES & Politics of Occupational Risk: Mines, Farms & Auto-Factories, The (Book)

"If You Want Anything, You Have to Fight for It": Prisoner Strikes at Kingston Penitentiary, 1932–1935 - Willis, Cameron (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
For four days in October 1932, during the height of the Great Depression, prisoners at Kingston Penitentiary revolted. They took control of their workshops and brought the convict labour regime to a halt, until the guards and militia violently regained control. This revolt was the culmination of more than a year of organizing and collective actions. Prisoners wrote manifestos, participated in work refusals, elected representatives, and developed a sophisticated critique of the conditions of their incarceration and the penitentiary administration. Using a unique collection of archival documents, this article closely examines the complaints, criticisms, fears, hopes, and frustrations of the incarcerated, whose demands and goals are crucial for understanding how and why the prisoner revolt unfolded as it did. I argue that the prisoners at Kingston Penitentiary, by striking and organizing to assert their dignity, democratically organized their lives and ensured a "fair deal" should be considered part of the Depression-era protests of the unemployed, imprisoned, and marginalized.
Keywords: COLLECTIVE action; GREAT Depression, 1929-1939; KINGSTON (Ont.); Kingston Penitentiary; PRISON administration; PRISON riots; PRISONERS; PRISONS; PRISONS & society; Pénitencier de Kingston; grève en prison; penal reform; penal system; prison labour; prison narratives; prison riot; prison strike; récits de prison; réforme pénale; révolte de prisonniers; système pénal; travail en prison

A Matter of Moral Justice: Black Women Laundry Workers and the Fight for Justice - Winant, Gabriel (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "A Matter of Moral Justice: Black Women Laundry Workers and the Fight for Justice," by Jenny Carson.
Keywords: BLACK women; CARSON, Jenny; LAUNDRESSES; MATTER of Moral Justice: Black Women Laundry Workers & the Fight for Justice (Book); NONFICTION

"The Jimmy Hoffa of Canada": Hal Banks and a Comparative Perspective on Union Corruption - Witwer, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
This article compares the union careers of the US Teamsters Union leader James R. Hoffa and the head of the Canadian Seafarers International Union (siu), Hal Banks. It focuses on the charges of union corruption that swirled around both men in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The article uses that comparison to consider the predominant understanding of union corruption in the United States, which posits a kind of American exceptionalism in regard to this issue. The similarities and differences between the cases of Hoffa and Banks provide a new consideration of the history of union corruption in Canada. This comparison also offers a new perspective on the divergence between unionization rates in the United States and Canada since 1964.
Keywords: BANKS, Hal C.; CANADA; CORRUPTION; HOFFA, James R. (James Riddle), b. 1913; Hal Banks; INTERNATIONAL Brotherhood of Teamsters; James Hoffa; LABOR organizing; LABOR union personnel; LABOR unions; SEAFARERS' International Union of North America (Organization); Seafarers; Syndicat international des marins canadiens; Teamsters; approche comparée; comparative; corruption; racket; racketeering

Digitaliser le notariat, entre évolution de l’identité professionnelle et maintien du monopole - Wuidar, Simon; Flandrin, Pierre (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Le notariat connait depuis les années 2000 un phénomène de modernisation qui se traduit par la digitalisation de nombreuses prestations. Cette contribution vise à montrer comment deux technologies digitales modifient les activités historiques de la profession notariale. L’implémentation de ces technologies cristallise des controverses qui concernent d’une part la légitimité du notariat, et d’autre part l’évolution de l’identité professionnelle du notaire. Cette analyse de la digitalisation de la profession permet d’interroger le repositionnement institutionnel largement animé par la fédération professionnelle, qui vise à doter les notaires d’une place centrale dans l’organigramme juridique belge, en même temps que de rompre avec l’image archaïque de la profession.
Keywords: Activities; Digitalisation; Digitalization; Fédération professionnelle; Notaires; Notaries; Professional identity; identité professionnelle

Closing the Enforcement Gap: Improving Employment Standards Protections for People in Precarious Jobs - Zbyszewska, Ania (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Closing the Enforcement Gap: Improving Employment Standards Protections for People in Precarious Jobs," by Leah F. Vosko et al.

The Labor-Progressive Party in Crisis, 1956–1957 - Levine, Karen (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
Documents the upheaval inside the Labor-Progressive Party, Canada's major Communist organization, that erupted at its 6th national convention in April 1957, which resulted in an exodus of members from the party. Originally an undergraduate essay, the author's research is based on interviews conducted in 1976-77 with Labor-Progressive Party members who were at the convention.
Keywords: 1956; 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; Anti-Semitism; Canadian Communism; Gui Caron; J.B. Salsberg; Joseph Stalin; Labor-Progressive Party; Nikita Khrushchev; Norman Penner; Stanley B. Ryerson; Tim Buck

Gender, Space, and Precarious Employment in Canada - Ali, Waad K.; Newbold, K. Bruce (Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 2021)
This study aims to examine how gendered precariousness is spatially patterned across Canada's landscape using Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey. We compare gender differences in distinct precarious forms of employment (PFEs) across a range of geographies, including national, provincial, census metropolitan areas, and urban/rural areas. We find that distinct spatial patterns and degree of gendered precariousness were evident within and across geographic spaces. Logit models further confirmed the robustness of gender differences in PFEs across space, revealing that PFEs were associated with gender, immigration status, age, type of economic family, education, income, and occupation. This study has implications for further understanding the causal factors at play in producing these uneven economic geographies. In terms of policy recommendations, this study calls for greater gender equity in social safety net policies, especially in the wake of the labor market shocks brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Canada; gender; multiscalar analysis; nonstandard employment; precarious forms of employment; space

The Forgotten Labour of Craft: - Anderson, Benjamin (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
Over the last decade, firms positioning themselves as craft or artisanal have proliferated in the urban environments of the Global North. Selling themselves as community hubs, friendly neighbours, anticorporate crusaders, and environmental stewards, craft industries – craft breweries, artisanal bakeries, heritage clothing manufacturers, and the like – have effectively insulated themselves from critique. Hidden beneath this veneer, however, are the accounts of countless workers detailing experiences of harassment, overwork, low pay, and discrimination. Motivated by the methodological orientation of workers’ inquiry, this article recounts attitudes and experiences offered by craftworkers and craftspeople about their working conditions, motivations, and attempts to organize in craft industries, particularly craft brewing. Worker testimony reveals a profound disconnect between the optimistic industrial mythologies offered up by craft discourse and the rigid hierarchies, unequal division of labour, and toxic cultures many observed in their workplaces. Contrary to the pervasive artisanal allure that motivates many workers to seek out work in craft brewing and similar industries, the research presented here also suggests new levels of working-class consciousness and solidarity emerging in these industries and profiles attempts by craft brewery workers to organize their workplaces and fight to improve conditions.
Keywords: craft; craft beer; craft industrialism; labour process theory; worker organizing; workers’ inquiry

Workplace Restructuring and Institutional Change: GM Oshawa from 1994 to 2019 - Aquanno, Scott M.; Bryant, Toba (Studies in Political Economy / Recherches en économie politique, 2021)
This paper examines the evolution of three key institutional systems—CAW/UNIFOR unions, General Motors Canada, and the Canadian federal State—and their impact on workplace relations in Oshawa over a 25-year period. It places particular focus on union policies and shows that important opportunities for workplace transition were lost as local and national leaders avoided critical economic issues and failed to seriously contend with changing objective conditions.
Keywords: Free trade; General Motors; Oshawa Ontario; restructuring; union

Applaudissements, remerciements, moyens de bien faire leur travail, qu’attendent les agents hospitaliers comme signes de reconnaissance ? - Baret, Christophe; Kornig, Cathel; Recotillet, Isabelle (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
La reconnaissance au travail est un des facteurs essentiels de la qualité de vie au travail. Alors que la littérature a mis en évidence la dégradation des conditions de travail à l’hôpital cet article a pour objectif d’étudier les relations entre les conditions de travail et la perception des pratiques de reconnaissance au travail. Nous adoptons l’approche de la reconnaissance en 4 dimensions (existentielle, de la pratique de travail, de l’investissement au travail et des résultats du travail) définie par Brun et Dugas (2005) pour identifier les dimensions qui sont les plus impactées par la transformation des conditions de travail. Nous avons interrogé en entretiens semi-directifs 16 personnels tirés au sort et 5 experts dans un centre hospitalier universitaire français au cours de l’année 2018. Les résultats montrent que la plupart des catégories de personnel regrettent le manque de moyens matériels et humains mis à disposition par la direction pour réaliser un travail de qualité. Ce manque de moyens est perçu comme un manque de reconnaissance de la qualité du travail de la part de la direction de l’établissement. En raison du manque d’effectif, de nombreux personnels accroissent leur investissement pour malgré tout produire des soins de qualité au patient, ils regrettent alors une non reconnaissance de leur investissement au travail. Seules les catégories de personnel les moins qualifiées expriment des attentes de reconnaissance existentielle.
Keywords: conditions de travail; hospital; hôpital; recognition at work; reconnaissance au travail; working conditions

Histoire du Taxi à Montréal : Des taxis jaunes à UberX - Baril, Émile (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, " Histoire du Taxi à Montréal : Des taxis jaunes à UberX," by Jean-Philippe Warren.

Effectivité d’un accord-cadre international : influence des positionnements, des comportements et des interactions des acteurs - Barreau, Jocelyne; Havard, Christelle; Ngaha Bah, Angélique (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les facteurs influençant l’effectivité d’un accord-cadre international (ACI). L’effectivité est analysée à l’aune de la mise en conformité des pratiques locales de gestion du travail avec les engagements pris dans l’ACI. Considérant la négociation comme un processus, composé de trois phases (avant-négociation, négociation stricto sensu, après-négociation) et ancré dans un contexte, nous élaborons un modèle d’analyse inspiré des études de processus stratégiques (process studies). Ce modèle met en lumière l’influence des positionnements, des comportements et des interactions des protagonistes de la négociation et de l’application d’un ACI sur son effectivité. Nous détaillons les processus de négociation de quatre ACI, conclus au cours des années 2010, par deux firmes multinationales (FMN) françaises et deux fédérations syndicales internationales (FSI). Ces ACI portent sur des thématiques de gestion du travail (santé et sécurité au travail, égalité femmes-hommes, emploi durable). Cette recherche repose sur une analyse de documents, d’observations et de 38 entretiens, menés auprès de syndicalistes internationaux, européens, nationaux, locaux et de membres des directions générales (DG) de ces FMN. Elle porte une attention particulière à la phase de l’avant-négociation et met en exergue les interactions entre les acteurs managériaux et syndicaux, tout au long du processus de négociation. Nous montrons que le positionnement de la DG de la FMN (« social » ou « managérial ») est un facteur décisif du déroulement de la négociation d’un ACI, de son résultat (accord « substantif ») et de son effectivité. Le positionnement « qualitatif » de la FSI peut être un élément essentiel du déroulement de la négociation (par le choix de la thématique de l’ACI) et de son résultat (dispositions portant sur des sujets sensibles). Enfin, la mobilisation des syndicats locaux, soutenue par la FSI, est essentielle à l’effectivité d’un ACI. Nous révélons des processus d’apprentissage et des particularités des ACI et de la NCI.
Keywords: Accord-cadre international; Effectiveness; Global Union Federation; International Framework Agreement; International collective bargaining; Negotiation process; effectivité; fédération syndicale internationale; négociation collective internationale; processus de négociation

L’école québécoise à l’épreuve de la gestion axée sur les résultats : sociologie de la mise en oeuvre d’une politique néolibérale - Binet, Jonathan (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "L’école québécoise à l’épreuve de la gestion axée sur les résultats : sociologie de la mise en oeuvre d’une politique néolibérale," by Christian Maroy.

Labour and the Waffle: Unions Confront Canadian Left Nationalism in the New Democratic Party - Blocker, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Waffle movement in the New Democratic Party (ndp) emerged as a leading proponent of Canadian left economic nationalism. The Waffle, which formed around the “Manifesto for an Independent and Socialist Canada” and challenged the leadership of the ndp from 1969 to 1973, represents a dynamic convergence of many of the social movements that comprised the New Left in Canada. This article examines the evolution of the Waffle’s position on international unionism alongside the reaction of pro-ndp labour leaders to this New Left incursion into the party. NDP-allied labour leaders expressed suspicion and concern for the group’s agenda almost from its inception. The Waffle’s success in appealing to younger and nationalist-minded members of international unions turned suspicion into active opposition. As polarization within the ndp increased, workers’ support for the Waffle within the Canadian labour movement led moderate union leaders to conclude the group must be expunged from the Ontario ndp. Ironically, after the Waffle’s departure from the party the group largely repudiated nationalist breakaways from international unions while, in the ensuing decades, the mainstream labour movement embraced Canadian nationalism.
Keywords: Canadian labour movement; Marxism; New Democratic Party (NDP); New Left; international unions; nationalism; radicalism; sixties

Le dialogue social : un puissant outil régulateur du processus de RSE des entreprises : étude de trois cas en Tunisie - Bouderbala, Amel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
L’objectif de cette étude qui a eu lieu dans le contexte tunisien est de comprendre le rôle que peuvent jouer le syndicat et le comité d’entreprise dans le processus de responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE). La position épistémologique adoptée est interprétativiste et la méthodologie est qualitative, moyennant l’étude de trois cas d’entreprises. Pour mener à bien cette recherche compréhensive, trois outils de collecte de données ont été utilisés : les notes d’observation, les entretiens semi-directifs et les rapports de RSE de l’entreprise.
Keywords: CSR types; Comité d’entreprise; Dialogue social; Régulation; Syndicat; Types de RSE; regulation; social dialogue; union; works council

Le modèle cybernétique du contrôle de gestion : vers une anthropologie du contrôle de gestion - Bourdages-Sylvain, Marie-Pierre (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Le modèle cybernétique du contrôle de gestion : vers une anthropologie du contrôle de gestion," by Benoit Pigé.

The Global Politics of Poverty in Canada: Development Programs and Democracy, 1964-1979 - Bower, Shannon Stunden (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "The Global Politics of Poverty in Canada: Development Programs and Democracy, 1964-1979," by Will Langford.

Les identités professionnelles des mineurs d’uranium au prisme des transitions industrielles : du régime d’exception au repli identitaire - Breteshé, Sophie; Le Berre, Sylvain (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
Du point de vue théorique, l’article examine le rapport à l’identité professionnelle dans des contextes de mutations de la filière nucléaire, ce qui requiert un regard rétrospectif sur ces transformations. Par ailleurs, il contribue à la connaissance empirique de la filière uranifère qui est restée pendant de longues années un secteur marqué du sceau du secret militaire. Cet article, qui s’appuie sur une enquête auprès de deux générations de mineurs de l’uranium de l’ouest de la France et l’étude d’archives, analyse l’évolution des identités professionnelles des mineurs d’uranium depuis l’après-guerre jusqu’à la fermeture des mines dans les années 1990. En effet, l’histoire des mines d’uranium n’est pas linéaire et la « mise en intrigue » (Ricoeur, 1983) du passé s’est faite tardivement autour des déchets laissés par l’exploitation, mais en omettant le travail à proprement parler de la mine. Depuis les témoignages d’époque qui présentent l’exploration puis l’exploitation sur le mode du développement économique, en passant par la fermeture puis l’oubli des mines, jusqu’à la prise en compte récente des risques inhérents, l’histoire se révèle plurielle et fragmentée (Brunet, 2004). Ce problème de linéarité repose en partie sur les discontinuités induites à la fois par l’oubli et le travail de mémoire partiel, fait très récemment. À partir de la question de la genèse des identités des mineurs, cet article montre, depuis l’exploration en 1945 jusqu’à la fermeture des mines en 1990, l’évolution de trois éléments structurants de l’identité professionnelle : le contexte institutionnel, le rapport au travail et la nature des relations professionnelles. Si le cas de mineurs d’uranium pose avec force la question du maintien d’une identité dans des contextes de transformation de la filière nucléaire, il met en perspective le rôle des contextes institutionnels sur la nature des relations professionnelles.
Keywords: Identités; Mineurs; Nucléaire; Trajectoire; Uranium

Let Us Rise: Dialectical Thinking, the Commodification of Labour Power, and the Legacy of the Socialist Party of Canada - Campbell, J. Peter (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
Members of the Socialist Party of Canada (SPC) played a prominent role in the labour revolt of 1919, the One Big Union, and the Winnipeg General Strike. The “failure” of all three has led labour historians to focus on the inability of the party to connect with Canadian workers, an inability fuelled by dogmatism, “impossibilism,” and the exclusion of women and workers of colour. This article turns this approach on its head, pointing out that these events have been unequalled in Canadian history, and seeks to explain why this should be so. It challenges the perception of the party as being wed to evolutionary thinking that caused its members to wait around for the revolution to happen. Instead, it reveals the powerful influence of the dialectical method developed by G. W. F. Hegel; its focus on human action was the philosophical underpinning of the spc’s relentless attack on the wage system and the capitalist system’s commodification of labour power. Far from being “metaphysical” or “otherworldly,” the SPC’s insistence that workers must gain control of the product of their own labour spoke directly to them, including women and workers of colour. In the creation of the One Big Union, in the solidarity of the Winnipeg General Strike, and in the promise of the labour revolt of 1919, we find the legacy of a party committed to workers rising up.
Keywords: Marxism; class; commodification; dialectic; evolution; impossibilism; labour; race; revolution; women

Disrupting Deportability: Transnational Workers Organize - Cardona, Manuel Salamanca (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Disrupting Deportability: Transnational Workers Organize," by Leah Vosko.

America’s Other Automakers: A History of the Foreign-Owned Automotive Sector in the United States - Clark, Daniel (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "America’s Other Automakers: A History of the Foreign-Owned Automotive Sector in the United States," by Timothy Minchin.

The Class Politics of Law: Essays Inspired by Harry Glasbeek - Coulter, Graham (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "The Class Politics of Law: Essays Inspired by Harry Glasbeek," edited by Eric Tucker and Judy Fudge.

Conférence H.D. Woods : un éclairage par les marges / Conference H.D. Woods: Shedding Light from the Margins - D’Amours, Martine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)

The Two-Hundred-Million Pound Strike : The 2003 British Airways Walkout - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "The Two-Hundred-Million Pound Strike : The 2003 British Airways Walkout," by Ed Blissett.

La résilience du personnel soignant à l’épreuve de la pandémie de COVID-19 : une étude dans un hôpital public en Tunisie - Dahmani, Amira (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
Ce travail cherche à appréhender les déterminants de la résilience du personnel soignant dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire Covid-19. Son but est d’accéder à une compréhension profonde des motifs, des forces et des processus à l’oeuvre dans la dynamique complexe de la résilience.
Keywords: COVID-19 health crisis; Résilience; crise sanitaire Covid-19; healthcare staff; hôpital public; personnel soignant; public hospital; qualitative study; resilience; étude qualitative

Les pathologies au travail - Dompierre, Johanne (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Les pathologies au travail," by Élisabeth Grebot.

Can Older Workers Be Retrained? Canadian Evidence from Worker-Firm Linked Data - Fang, Tony; Gunderson, Morley; Lee, Byron (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
Our empirical analysis is based on Statistics Canada’s worker-firm matched data set, the 2003 Workplace and Employee Survey (WES). The sample size is substantial: about 4,000 workers over the age of 50 and 12,000 between the ages of 25 and 49. Training was a focus of the survey, which offers a wealth of worker-related and firm-related training variables. We found that the mean probability of receiving training was 9.3 percentage points higher for younger workers than for older ones. Almost half of the gap is explained by older workers having fewer training-associated characteristics (personal, employment, workplace, human resource practices and occupation/industry/region), and slightly more than half by them having a lower propensity to receive training, this being the gap that remained after we controlled for differences in training-associated characteristics. Their lower propensity to receive training likely reflects the higher opportunity cost of lost wages during the time spent in training, possible higher psychological costs and lower expected benefits due to their shorter remaining work-life and lower productivity gains from training, as discussed in the literature. The lower propensity of older workers to receive training tended to prevail across 54 different training measures, with notable exceptions discussed in detail. We found that older workers can be trained, but their training should be redesigned in several ways: by making instruction slower and self-paced; by assigning hands-on practical exercises; by providing modular training components to be taken in stages; by familiarizing the trainees with new equipment; and by minimizing required reading and amount of material covered. The concept of “one-size-fits- all” does not apply to the design and implementation of training programs for older workers.
Keywords: Canada; older workers; training; worker-firm matched data

Profit Sharing and Workplace Productivity Growth in Canada: Does Teamwork Play a Role? - Fang, Tony; Gunderson, Morley; Long†, Richard (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge of profit-sharing by utilizing a before-and-after analysis of panel data to assess whether the effects of profit-sharing adoption on productivity growth vary, depending on whether a profit-sharing adopter utilizes work teams or not, while controlling for numerous variables that may affect these results within a carefully constructed sample of Canadian establishments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the moderating role of teamwork in the relationship between profit-sharing and productivity growth. Besides the implications for profit-sharing, ascertaining whether profit-sharing and work teams are complementary practices would have important implications for understanding how to develop more effective work teams, a topic of ongoing interest. We utilized a longitudinal research design to compare within-firm productivity growth during the three-year and five-year periods subsequent to profit-sharing adoption and within-firm productivity growth during the same periods in firms that had not adopted profit-sharing. Overall, our results suggest that use of team-based production plays an important moderating role in the success of employee profit-sharing—at least in terms of workplace productivity growth. Establishments that had adopted profit-sharing showed a substantial and highly significant increase in workplace productivity over both the three-year and five-year periods subsequent to adoption, but only if they had work teams. These findings are in line with the notion that work teams help to mitigate potential shirking behaviour in profit-sharing firms (Freeman, Kruse and Blasi, 2010) and are also in line with the argument that work teams serve as an effective mechanism to help translate the purported motivational and other benefits of profit-sharing into tangible productivity gains (Heywood and Jirjahn, 2009).
Keywords: Canada; croissance de la productivité; partage des bénéfices; productivity growth; profit-sharing; work teams; équipes de travail

The Socialist Challenge Today - Fast, Travis (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "The Socialist Challenge Today," by Leo Panitch and Sam Gindin.

Grève et paix. Une histoire des lois spéciales au Québec - Finkel, Alvin (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Grève et paix. Une histoire des lois spéciales au Québec," by Martin Petitclerc and Martin Robert.

The Enchantments of Mammon: How Capitalism Became the Religion of Modernity - Finkel, Alvin (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "The Enchantments of Mammon: How Capitalism Became the Religion of Modernity," by Eugene McCarraher.

In the Red Corner: The Marxism of José Carlos Mariátegui - Fontes, Yuri Martins (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "In the Red Corner: The Marxism of José Carlos Mariátegui," by Mike Gonzalez.

Tracking Precarity: Employment Pathways of Precarious Status Migrant Workers in Canada - Foster, Jason (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2021)
In recent years the issue of migrant workers with precarious status has increased in importance in Canada, in large part due to economic and policy changes that have led to greater numbers of migrant workers remaining in the country post permit expiry. This study tracks the employment experiences of low-skilled migrant workers who arrived through the Temporary Foreign Worker Program and who remained following their permit expiry. Using a temporal analysis, the study identifies four timepoints that shape the workers’ employment outcomes both pre- and post-expiry. Events at these timepoints create differing employment pathways that, in turn, reveal different aspects of the workers’ precarity.  In addition to pathways, workers’ ability to access informal support networks shape their employment outcomes as workers with precarious status.
Keywords: Canada; informal networks; informal workers; irregular migrant workers; precarious employment

J. B. McLachlan Fills Out a Questionnaire, 1931 - Frank, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
Discusses a biographical questionnaire that J.B. McLachlan completed for the Communist International during a visit to the Soviet Union in 1931. In it, the Nova Scotia labour leader briefly responded on his background, education, work and labour activism, political status (including his recruitment to the "Canadian section" of the Communist Party in 1922), and imprisonment in 1923-24. The questionnaire and other related materials came to light as a result of a request made by the author to the Russian State Archives in October 2020.
Keywords: Communist International; Communist Party of Canada; J. B. McLachlan; Nova Scotia coal miners; Trevor Maguire; workers’ autobiographies

Excavating Organizational Assumptions about Cultural Change: The Unintended Consequences of Safety Committee Initiatives - Gosen, Dora; Mielly, Michelle (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
This study contributes to the emerging literature on the interplay between safety committees and employee perceptions of organizational safety culture. Creating, managing and maintaining a safety culture in organizations involves significant investment in the establishment of safety committees. The role of such committees in improving safety culture perceptions has remained underexplored in the safety management and organizational literature. This study addresses that gap and focuses on a safety committee within the facilities management operations of a large American academic institution. The objective is to generate understandings of how a committee can influence organizational cultural change and impact employee perceptions of safety. Using Schein’s organizational culture model as a prism, we unpack the employees’ implicit cultural beliefs. Data from over sixty employee interviews revealed that formation of the Safety Committee resulted in unintended consequences in terms of employee perceptions. Employees attributed most safety-related actions to the committee when, in fact, the managers and supervisors had actually carried them out. This overestimation of committee activities and concomitant underestimation of managerial actions by employees was an unintended consequence of establishing a committee. Employees, in fact, collectively attributed all positive changes in the organizational culture to the committee. The committee ultimately influenced the employees’ basic assumptions, such change being, according to Schein, a prerequisite for organizational cultural change. This study, therefore, contributes to the literature by proposing that unintended consequences can operate in three different ways to support organizational change. First, unintended consequences can promote positive outcomes; second, they can reveal a new understanding of committees, which under certain circumstances can act as a proxy for management and encourage positive perceptions of managerial commitment. Lastly, unintended consequences can provide a means to detect and ‘excavate’ hidden, implicit assumptions that drive organizational culture’s deepest layers.
Keywords: Schein’s model; comités; committees; conséquences inattendues; culture de sécurité; culture organisationnelle; facilities management; gestion des installations; modèle de Schein; organizational culture; safety culture; unintended consequences

Mot de l’éditeur : Covid 19 : plus qu’une pandémie, une nouvelle ère = Editor foreword: Covid 19 : not a pandemic but a new era - Gould, Anthony Morven (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
...Ces changements récents entrainent des conséquences assez génériques pour ceux qui pensent et écrivent sur le travail et l’emploi. À travers le monde, les questions urgentes ont toutes une certaine homogénéité. Comment travailler en pratiquant la distanciation sociale ? Comment gérer à distance la main-d’oeuvre ? Qu’advient-il de la productivité si les travailleurs sont dispersés sur des lieux et des horaires différents ? Enfin, dans cette nouvelle réalité, que deviendront la négociation collective et l’asymétrie actuelle entre le capital et le travail ? Voilà autant de questions que nous devons poser et en trouver la réponse. Puis nous devons le faire ensemble, vraiment ensemble, à travers un effort collaboratif mondial. C’est ainsi, je crois, que changera le programme de recherche orthodoxe sur les relations de travail. En tant qu’individus, le défi est d’être en avant de ce qui se passe actuellement et de ne pas s’interroger sur ce qui s’est déjà passé. Voici, donc, ce que la revue entend privilégier : une variété de perspectives sur le plan géographique, une analyse critique, une volonté de tirer des leçons de l’histoire, ainsi qu’une préoccupation constante pour les oubliés et les défavorisés de la nouvelle normalité. Enfin, mon équipe et moi demeureront attachés à une politique de gestion beaucoup plus élargie qui visera l’inclusion et l’adaptation. En gardant ces priorités à l’esprit, je suis fier de présenter les contenus de l’édition 76(3). // These recent lifestyle changes are having somewhat generic consequences for those who think and write about work and employment. The pressing issues throughout the world have a sameness about them. How do jobs get done with social distancing? How are workforces remotely managed? What happens to productivity when workers are geographically dispersed and running on different schedules? Finally, in this new reality, what happens to collective bargaining and the existing capital/labour power asymmetry? We need to ask and answer these questions together—really together—through a collaborative global effort. In this way, I believe, change will come to the orthodox agenda of research on employment relations. As individuals, the challenge is to be ahead of what is happening and not wonder what has happened. Here is what we at the journal are currently emphasizing: geographically diverse perspectives, critical analysis, an emphasis on what history has to teach and an ongoing preoccupation with those who might be left behind and/or disadvantaged by the new normal. Meanwhile, my team and I will continue to be committed to a much broader policy of inclusion and accommodation when it comes to how we manage. It is with these priorities in mind that I am proud to present the content of edition 76(3).

Do Unions Still Matter for Redistribution? Evidence from Canada’s Provinces - Haddow, Rodney (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
We examine the relationship between union power and redistribution in Canada’s ten provinces between 1986 and 2014. Subnational jurisdictions are thus the focus of research questions that have previously been addressed at the international level. Multilevel models with time-series cross-sectional data are used to estimate the long-term association between union density and redistribution through provincial transfer payments and income taxes. We found that higher union density correlates with considerably more redistribution over the long term but not over the short term. This finding is confirmed by three distinct measures of inequality and poverty reduction, an indication that it is quite robust. The association is significant for the entire study period and for its second half. This finding is consistent with power resource theory in its original form, but not with more recent work in that area or with comparative political economy scholarship, which generally now neglects or downplays the impact of organized labour on social and economic policy outcomes. Our findings suggest a need to re-assess the diminished interest of recent researchers in the political influence of organized labour. It will also interest scholars in other countries where tax and transfer systems are decentralized, and where the impact of organized labour on such measures has been understudied at the subnational level. Additionally, we show that unionized voters in Canada are more favourably disposed than their non-unionized counterparts toward redistribution and toward pro-redistribution political parties. Unions may consequently affect redistribution in part by socializing their members to favour it. This possibility is advanced with preliminary data in this paper. We argue that further scholarly attention is both required and deserved on this subject in Canada and elsewhere.
Keywords: Inequality and poverty reduction; Organized labour and social equity; Power resource theory; Subnational jurisdictions; Time-series cross-sectional analysis; analyse transversale de séries chronologiques; inégalité et réduction de la pauvreté; juridictions infranationales; syndicalisme et équité sociale; théorie des ressources de pouvoir

Ordinary Saints: Women, Work, and Faith in Newfoundland - Hallett, Vicki S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Ordinary Saints: Women, Work, and Faith in Newfoundland," by Bonnie Morgan.

Understanding Union Commitment Among Young Workers: A Cross-Theoretical Perspective - Hennebert, Marc-Antonin; Fortin-Bergeron, Chloe; Doucet, Olivier (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
This study aims to shed light on the main determinants of and barriers to union commitment among young workers and, more generally, the relationship young workers have with union life. So far, the relationship between young workers and unionism has been examined mainly in terms of the challenges of access to unionization that confront young workers, a group generally underrepresented in union membership. The more specific issue of union commitment among young workers, once they become unionized, has remained largely underexplored in the literature. Using quantitative and qualitative data from an empirical survey of young unionized workers in the Quebec public service, our study identifies and compares the main factors that explain union commitment among young unionized workers and the theoretical underpinnings. It also seeks to shed light on the barriers to this commitment and identifies the organizational measures that could facilitate union commitment among young workers, based on the perceptions expressed by young union members. Our findings indicate that unions should adopt multidimensional organizational measures to foster union commitment among young workers, with a first step being to increase personalized contact between local union representatives and young members. Such investments at the local level are critical, as shown by our quantitative and qualitative findings. Thus, any reform or measure aimed at encouraging union involvement of young workers should not be limited merely to structural aspects but should also take into account the attitudinal and relational underpinnings of young workers’ commitment to their union. By shifting the focus from youth unionization to young members’ involvement in union bodies, our study will contribute to debate about union representation and the generational renewal of the labour movement’s activist base.
Keywords: Young workers; cross-theoretical perspective; generational renewal; mixed methods; union commitment

Canada’s Other Red Scare: Indigenous Protest and Colonial Encounters During the Global Sixties - Hewitt, Steve (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Canada’s Other Red Scare: Indigenous Protest and Colonial Encounters During the Global Sixties," by Scott Rutherford.

The Violence of Work: New Essays in Canadian and US Labour History - High, Steven C. (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "The Violence of Work: New Essays in Canadian and US Labour History," edited by Jeremy Milloy and Joan Sangster.

Nothing Succeeds Like Failure: The Sad History of American Business Schools - Jeffrey, Muldoon (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Nothing Succeeds Like Failure: The Sad History of American Business Schools," by Steven Conn.

Dust versus Dust: Aluminum Therapy and Silicosis in the Canadian and Global Mining Industries - Jorgenson, Mica; Sandlos, John (Canadian Historical Review, 2021)
By the 1930s, silicosis – a debilitating lung disease caused by the inhalation of silica dust – had reached epidemic proportions among miners in the gold-producing Porcupine region of northern Ontario. In response, industrial doctors at the McIntyre Mine began to test aluminum powder as a possible prophylactic against the effects of silica dust. In 1944, the newly created McIntyre Research Foundation began distributing aluminum powder throughout Canada and exported this new therapy to mines across the globe. The practice continued until the 1980s despite a failure to replicate preventative effects of silicosis and emerging evidence of adverse neurological impacts among long-time recipients of aluminum therapy. Situated at the intersection of labour, health, science, and environmental histories, this article argues that aluminum therapy represents an extreme and important example where industry and health researchers collaborated on quick-fix “miracle cures” rather than the systemic (and more expensive) changes to the underground environment necessary to reduce the risk of silicosis.

Do Androids Dream of Electric Cars? Public Transit in the Age of Google, Uber, and Elon Musk - Laforest, Joël (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Do Androids Dream of Electric Cars? Public Transit in the Age of Google, Uber, and Elon Musk," by James Wilt.

Formes de solidarité et de mobilisation et modes d’organisation de trois grèves au Québec pour le salaire minimum à 15 $ l’heure - Lafrance, Xavier (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
Trois grèves qui avaient pour objectif l’obtention du salaire minimum à 15 $ l’heure ont été menées par des syndicats québécois en 2016. Ces grèves se sont inscrites dans des campagnes politiques qui avaient le même objectif. Cet article propose une étude comparée de ces grèves dans le but d’analyser dans quelle mesure les formes de solidarité et les modes d’organisation déployés offrent des pistes de revitalisation qui permettraient au mouvement syndical québécois de relever les défis stratégiques contemporains auxquels fait face le mouvement syndical québécois. L’analyse de ces trois grèves, en s’appuyant sur une typologie des divers syndicalismes et activismes syndicaux, permet d’approfondir les formes de solidarité déployées par les syndicats ainsi que les formes de mobilisation originales qui, toutefois, n’ont pas mené à un progrès substantiel du contrôle démocratique exercé par les membres sur leur mouvement.
Keywords: Alliance de la fonction publique du Canada; Confédération des syndicats nationaux; Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec; Modèles de syndicalisme; Service Employees International Union; démocratie syndicale; grève; luttes syndicales; renouveau syndical; salaire minimum

Le régime des décrets de convention collective au Québec. Quel avenir ? - Le Grand Amba Mballa, Albert (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Le régime des décrets de convention collective au Québec. Quel avenir ?," by Jean Bernier.

Les intervenants sociaux à l’aune de la nouvelle gestion publique : difficultés émotionnelles, relations professionnelles sous tension et collectifs de travail fragilisés - le Pain, Isabelle; Kirouac, Laurie; Larose-Hébert, Katharine; Namian, Dahlia (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
L’article présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative menée auprès de 31 intervenants et intervenantes qui travaillent en protection de l’enfance au Québec. Elle porte sur les conséquences des difficultés émotionnelles des intervenants sur leurs relations avec les gestionnaires et les collègues de travail, dans le contexte de la réforme du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux (projet de loi 10). Les résultats montrent qu’une large majorité d’intervenants et intervenantes rapportent une ou plusieurs conséquences délétères dans les relations avec les gestionnaires (colère et frustration, méfiance à l’égard d’une possible instrumentalisation des difficultés émotionnelles, évitement et perte de confiance). Également, une proportion très significative d’entre eux font état de conséquences à l’échelle des relations avec les collègues de travail (isolement et retrait, effet boule de neige sur les collègues et l’équipe de travail et diminution de la collaboration et de l’entraide). L’analyse montre que l’intensification du travail et la dégradation des conditions de pratique des intervenantes et intervenants sociaux, qui ont résulté de la dernière réforme (projet de loi 10) instituée par le ministre Barrette (2013), ont significativement contribué à fragiliser les collectifs de travail. Ce faisant, les possibilités d’entraide et de coopération, pourtant nécessaires à la réalisation de leur mandat professionnel, ont tendance à s’effacer au profit d’une activité professionnelle pratiquée par des travailleuses et travailleurs isolés et en souffrance.
Keywords: Child protection; Collectif de travail; Difficultés émotionnelles; Emotional difficulties; Protection de l’enfance; Reform of healthcare and social services (Bill 10); Relations professionnelles; Réforme de la santé et des services sociaux (projet de loi 10); Work group; Work relationships

The Southern Key: Class, Race and Radicalism in the 1930s and 1940s - Leah, Tony (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "The Southern Key: Class, Race and Radicalism in the 1930s and 1940s," by Michael Goldfield.

Working-Class Heroes: A History of Struggle in Song - Leier, Mark (James Mark) (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book and CD, "Working-Class Heroes: A History of Struggle in Song," edited by Mat Callahan and Yvonne Moore.

Collective Bargaining in Canada in the Age of Precarious Employment - Lewchuk, Wayne (Labour and Industry, 2021)
The decline in the prevalence of the Standard Employment Relationship in Canada has created challenges for Canadian unions. This article reviews the available estimates of the prevalence of precarious employment and gig work in Canada. Using data from the Poverty and Employment Precarity in Southern Ontario (PEPSO) research group it evaluates both the success of unions in organising workers in precarious employment and bargaining for them. The last section reviews recent union strategies to organise workers in precarious employment with a focus on the subset of precarious employment referred to as gig work. Organising gig workers presents unique challenges for unions as many are deemed by their employers as independent contractors and as a result not covered by existing Canadian labour legislation and hence not eligible for union membership. The paper concludes by arguing that organising precarious workers is a work in progress, whose ultimate outcome remains uncertain.
Keywords: Canada; Precarious employment; gig work; unions

Fellow Travellers: Communist Trade Unionism and Industrial Relations on the French Railways, 1914-1939 - Lewis, Robert W. (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Fellow Travellers: Communist Trade Unionism and Industrial Relations on the French Railways, 1914-1939," by Thomas Beaumont.

An Experimental Organization of Precarious Professionals: - MacDonald, Ian; Kolhatkar, Manek (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
This article discusses the sector-wide organization of contractual archaeologists in Québec, beginning with the formation of a workers’ committee and leading subsequently to union accreditation. We theorize the difficulty of organizing these “precarious professionals” and suggest that self-organization outside of an industrial relations framework may be required to overcome barriers to their unionization. Deliberation, norm setting, and informal parlays with employers lead to clarifying class distinctions that professional identification often occludes, while self-organization increases worker confidence in collective action.
Keywords: contractual archaeology; mobilization theory; precarious employment; professional workers; union organizing

Teachers’ Organizations and Educational Reform: Resistance and Beyond - Maharaj, Sachin; Bascia, Nina (Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy / Revue canadienne en administration et politique de l’éducation, 2021)
This paper presents case studies of teacher union-government relationships in three Canadian provinces – British Columbia, Ontario, and Alberta – where teacher organizations have undertaken divergent strategic positions relative to educational reform. It identifies critical factors that may lead teacher unions to challenge government reforms, how and when a teacher organization might instead accommodate governmental reform, and under what circumstances union renewal drives an organization to establish reform strategies of its own. The paper demonstrates the results of these varied strategies and suggests that teacher unions’ stances, including when they are resistant, are rational and, arguably, necessary.
Keywords: educational change; educational reform; politics of education; teacher unions

The University and Social Justice: Struggles Across the Globe - McCartney, Dale M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "The University and Social Justice: Struggles Across the Globe," edited by Aziz Choudry and Salim Vally.

Les relations industrielles en questions - Mohamed, Yasmine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Les relations industrielles en questions," edited by Patrice Jalette.

Mot de l’éditeur : le travail et l’emploi à l’ère de la Covid-19 = Work and Employment in the Era of COVID - Morven Gould, Anthony (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
/Toute personne qui observe le monde du travail et de l’emploi comprendra que ce volume est mis sous presse à un moment d’incertitude et d’anxiété. En 2020, nous sommes entrés dans une longue période de confinement et d’isolement, la COVID-19 ayant généré plusieurs crises. Comme c’est le cas pour les véritables catastrophes, cette ère de malaise a eu un point de départ bien défini (début de mars 2020), mais elle est maintenant entrée dans une phase qui, malgré le déploiement actuel des vaccins, semble être présente pour une durée indéterminée....//This edition goes to press at a time of uncertainty and anxiety for the majority of those who have a stake in the world of work and employment. In 2020, people on all populated continents entered a protracted period of lockdown and isolation in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. As is characteristic of genuine catastrophes, this era of malaise had a defined commencement point (early March 2020) but has now entered a phase where, despite the current roll-out of vaccines, looks like being present for an indeterminate long-haul....

Evil Geniuses: The Unmaking of America: A Recent History - Muldoon, Jeffrey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Evil Geniuses: The Unmaking of America: A Recent History," by Kurt Andersen.

How Innovation Works: And Why It Flourishes in Freedom - Muldoon, Jeffrey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "How Innovation Works: And Why It Flourishes in Freedom," by Matt Ridley.

Management Studies in Crisis: Fraud, Deception and Meaningless Research - Muldoon, Jeffrey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Management Studies in Crisis: Fraud, Deception and Meaningless Research," by Dennis Tourish.

Discrimination in the Workplace in Canada: An Intersectional Approach - Nangia, Parveen; Arora, Twinkle (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2021)
This study examines discrimination in the workplace in Canada and explores the intersection of marginalized groups. It uses data from the General Social Survey 2016, which collected information from 19,609 non-institutionalized individuals. Results show that 17 percent of the job applicants and 9 percent of the workers felt discriminated against in the workplace during the 12 months before the survey. Data analysis indicates that a person’s identification with two marginalized groups increases the chances of discrimination and augments it further with three marginalized identities. However, the incremental effect of four or more marginalized groups is difficult to examine with this dataset due to the depleting sample size with the inclusion of every new group. Results from the logistic regression illustrate that the intersection of two, three, or four selected disadvantaged groups increases workplace discrimination significantly, thus supporting the theory of intersectionality. However, this perspective does not work for some combinations of marginalized groups.
Keywords: Canada; Designated groups; Discrimination; Intersectional discrimination; Job application; Marginal groups; Workplace

Punishing Poverty: How Bail and Pretrial Detention Fuel Inequalities in the Criminal Justice System - Newport, Melanie D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Punishing Poverty: How Bail and Pretrial Detention Fuel Inequalities in the Criminal Justice System," by Christine Scott-Hayward and Henry F. Fradella.

Personnels navigants : un collectif de travail à l’épreuve du changement - Nogues, Sarah; Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle; Mansour, Sari (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
Notre article porte sur les intensités et la fragilisation des collectifs de travail et offre une synthèse de la littérature concernant le travail et ses intensités, en particulier dans le milieu aérien. Prenant le cas du personnel navigant commercial (PNC) dans le milieu aérien, nous nous appuyons sur la théorie des demandes-ressources du travail et de l’organisation capacitante pour analyser les perceptions de ces travailleurs concernant les demandes physiques, psychosociales et organisationnelles du travail, ainsi que les ressources de même type, notamment à la suite de l’autorisation d’une réduction d’effectif par le ministère des Transports sur bon nombre de porteurs canadiens en juillet 2015. Nous portons une attention particulière aux demandes du travail constituant une contrainte, ce qui est rarement pris en compte dans les études sur l’intensification du travail. À l’aide du construit de caravanes de ressources et d’organisation capacitante, nous nous demandons si les collectifs de travail PNC sont en mesure d’accomplir leur mission collective de maintien de la sécurité et de service auprès du public. Nous avons pour cela mené 41 entrevues semi-dirigées auprès d’agents de bord et de directeurs de vol volontaires provenant de deux compagnies aériennes canadiennes. Nous avons procédé à une analyse de contenu qualitative faisant émerger les thèmes principaux de manière inductive et analysant les demandes et les ressources physiques, psychosociales et organisationnelles du travail. Nos résultats documentent de façon originale comment une augmentation notable des intensités contraignantes du travail perturbe les collectifs de travail, en particulier le rôle pivot du directeur de vol, contribuant à la recherche émergente au sujet de la fragilisation des processus de travail. De nombreux aspects demeurent à améliorer pour qualifier les compagnies aériennes étudiées d’organisations capacitantes.
Keywords: airline safety; cabin crew; capacitating organization; demandes-ressources du travail; demands-resources; fragilisation; fragilization; gestion des ressources humaines; human resource management; intensification du travail; intensification of work; organisation capacitante; personnel navigant; sécurité aérienne; work

Precarious Employment in Canada - Ornstein, Michael (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2021)
Detailed analysis of Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey shows the complex relationship between the different types of non-standard employment, including non-permanent jobs, self-employment, part-time work and low pay. Term and contract work has increased substantially since 1997, but there is no corresponding decrease in permanent jobs or increase in part-time or low wage jobs. The different forms of non-standard employment are concentrated in specific population groups, including women in part-time and low wage jobs, university graduates and younger workers in term and contract jobs, and older workers in self-employment. But precarious employment is much more strongly related to occupation and industry than to workers’ characteristics. There are some provincial differences, while firm and establishment size and unionization have small effects on non-standard employment. These findings cast doubt on the dominant narrative of precarious employment.
Keywords: Canada; industry; occupation; part-time work; precarious employment

Canadian Communism at the Crossroads, 1956–1957: An Introduction - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
Analyzes the crisis in Canadian Communism triggered by international developments including Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's denunciation of the crimes of the Stalin era made in a "secret speech" in February 1956, and the Soviet Union's intervention later in the year to crush the revolt in Hungary. Calls attention to Karen Levine's article, "The Labor-Progressive Party in Crisis, 1956-1957, " published in the same issue, that was originally written as an undergraduate essay at the University of Toronto in the late 1970s.
Keywords: 1956; 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; Anti-Semitism; Canadian Communism; Gui Caron; J.B. Salsberg; Joseph Stalin; Labor-Progressive Party; Nikita Khrushchev; Norman Penner; Stanley B. Ryerson; Tim Buck

Institutional Experimentation, Directed Devolution and the Search for Policy Innovation - Peetz, David (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
One response to the employer’s search for “flexibility” (most evident in the “platform economy”) may be “institutional experimentation,” i.e., changes to institutions and how they relate to organizations and labour standards. Our question: “What form of institutional arrangement can best enable the lessons of policy experimentation to be learned and disseminated?” Under directed devolution, as proposed here, legal entitlements or obligations would be set at a higher level (say, a national jurisdiction). A lower level (“subsidiary bodies”) would be required to work out detailed implementation of those standards, with a view to protecting the affected workers’ interests. The subsidiary bodies might cover specific industries or groups of industries. They may need to be quite innovative. Results would be evaluated and ideas generated. By emphasizing flexibility and learning, directed devolution enables actors to learn from the experiments of other actors. One such example is the regulation of New York’s road passenger transport industry in 2019, a highly innovative attempt to convert a high-level time-based minimum standard into a practical, local solution. Directed devolution is a form of multi-level policy-making, with some similarities to the concept of subsidiarity, but more tightly integrated. Other relevant but distinct forms of multi-level bargaining include the ILO Conventions, the Bangladesh Accord and several forms of regulation adopted in Australia. Actors and policy-makers should have long-term strategies, be careful in their processes of selecting institutional members, and be prepared to deal with powerful opposition. Directed devolution can be useful wherever establishing enforceable general principles is important and can make a real difference, but there are complications with implementation if circumstances vary considerably among organizations or industries. Devolution can be achieved without losing enforceability, and this can be done without shifting power away from those with less power. Directed devolution is a complement to, not a substitute for, specific regulatory interventions.
Keywords: directed devolution; disruption; décentralisation dirigée; expérimentation institutionnelle; flexibility; flexibilité; institutional experimentation; perturbation; platform economy; regulation; réglementation; économie de plate-forme

Strategies Used by Middle Managers to Support Employees Carrying Out Emotionally Demanding Work: Which Strategies and Why Those Ones? - Pelletier-Bosshard, Emma; Freeman, Andrew; Jauvin, Nathalie; Côté, Nancy (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
Many areas of practice in health and social services are emotionally demanding. This type of work can be associated with psychological health problems and middle managers play a key role in reducing such risks for their staff. Although the importance of providing this support is recognized, attaining such an objective is not necessarily straightforward because of the multiple demands that managers must juggle. Using an ergonomic perspective, this qualitative research study, which was conducted in a regional child protection service in Quebec (Canada), aimed to identify the strategies used by middle managers to support staff whose work is considered emotionally demanding. The results reveal that managers use a range of support strategies, which fall into seven categories. Although the strategies are distributed along two axes, proximity (direct, indirect) and time (short-term, long-term), they tend to be more direct and short-term (e.g., provide emotional support). The choice of strategies is influenced by various facilitating or constraining organizational, interpersonal and individual factors. A strong influence appears to be time availability. This study provides a detailed picture of the strategies used by middle man-agers and the complexity with which these individuals are confronted in providing their staff with support. Further research is required, for example, to better understand the impact of certain factors on the choice of support strategies and to evaluate the impact of support strategies from a staff perspective.
Keywords: contexte de pratique des services sociaux et de santé; health and social service practice context; organizational strategies; stratégies de soutien; stratégies organisationnelles; support strategies

Automation and the Future of Work - Penner, Mack (Labour / Le Travail, 2021)
The article reviews the book, "Automation and the Future of Work," by Aaron Benanav.

Les conditions de performativité du discours autour de la création de valeur partagée - Persais, Eric (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2021)
Le concept de création de valeur partagée (Creating Shared Value, CSV) proposé par Porter et Kramer ne fait pas l’unanimité au sein de la communauté scientifique. Pourtant, il bénéficie d’une certaine popularité chez les chefs d’entreprises qui voient dans ce concept le moyen de répondre efficacement aux enjeux du développement durable et indirectement de réconcilier économie, social et écologie. Si l’utilisation de la CSV dans les déclarations du dirigeant permet de rassurer l’ensemble des parties prenantes sur l’objectif poursuivi par l’entreprise, celle-ci ne trouve pas obligatoirement des effets dans les pratiques organisationnelles. Basant sa recherche sur une étude de cas unique inscrite dans une perspective longitudinale, l’auteur s’intéresse ici au passage du discours aux actes. Il s’interroge sur le caractère performatif de la CSV et met en évidence des conditions de performativité spécifiques au discours sur la création de valeur partagée. Au terme de cette recherche, trois facteurs ont pu être mis en évidence comme des éléments facilitateurs : l’absence de théorie concurrente, la mise en oeuvre d’un processus d’acceptation sociale, l’inscription de la CSV dans une perspective plus globale touchant à la raison d’être de l’entreprise. Les résultats ainsi obtenus, qui devront cependant être confirmés par une étude à plus grande échelle, complètent les travaux précédents sur les conditions de performativité du discours stratégique en l’adaptant au concept de CSV aujourd’hui largement utilisé dans les milieux d’affaires.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); Creating Shared Value (CSV); création de valeur partagée; performativity; performativité; responsabilité sociétale de l’entreprise (RSE); sustainable development