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Postwar social theorists (Goldthorpe, Lipset, Giddens, Hout, Brooks and Manza) have typically portrayed members of the Western industrial working-class as accommodative and suggest that an affluent proletariat has seen its oppositional working-class consciousness subverted and transformed by the ‘cash nexus’ into various forms of social integration. With reference to Mann's (1973) measures of class-consciousness I explore expressions of proletarian consciousness among organized workers at one of Canada's largest industrial union locals, the Canadian Auto Workers Local 222 of General Motors, Oshawa, Canada. Here I tested for the existence and degree of working-class imagery, proletarian identity and oppositional working-class consciousness using a survey questionnaire (N=102), in-depth interviews and participant observation. I found a shared view of class relations as primarily characterized by conflict, a clear working-class self-identification and measurable forms of oppositional working-class consciousness among this group. My findings confirm the hypothesis that Oshawa autoworkers' relative material advantage is insufficient to completely transform their proletarian consciousness. In this context I discuss the 1996 Oshawa plant occupation as an example of elevated oppositional class consciousness among Oshawa autoworkers.

The article reviews several books on American workers and unions including "Hard Work: Remaking the American Labor Movement," by Rick Fantasia and Kim Voss, "Demanding Work: The Paradox of Job Quality in the Affluent Economy," by Francis Green, and "Freedom Is Not Enough: The Opening of the American Workplace," by Nancy MacLean.

The article reviews the book, "The State of Working America 2006/2007," by Lawrence Mishel, Jared Bernstein and Sylvia Allegretto.

This article examines the proliferation of beauty contests sponsored by the union movement after World War II, as a means of exploring the contradictions of the Fordist accord for women workers, and also feminist scholarship on beauty and the body. Beauty contests were articulations of labor pride and identity; they reflected the popular culture of the post-war period, labor's search for respectability, and labor's attempts to entice women into the movement by appealing to women's culture. A few contests even offered more subversive meanings of beauty by celebrating the `queen of the picket line.' However, most labor beauty contests promoted competitive individualism, consumption, and images of passive femininity that kept women marginalized on the sidelines of the labor movements. Le Bal des Midinettes, sponsored by the ILGWU, was an excellent example of these contradictions, espousing both faith in the Cinderella myth and a sense of French Canadian working-class pride. While theories stressing identity, agency, and subjectivity offer some insights into beauty contests, feminist-materialist analyses of commodification, exploitation, and ideology remain essential to our understanding of their meaning for, and impact on women workers in this period.

Ageing Labour Forces -- Promises and Prospects, edited by Philip Taylor, is reviewed.

Competing Claims in Work and Family Life, edited by Tanja van der Lippe and Pascale Peters, is reviewed.

The article provides information on the municipal elections which were held in Ontario in November 2006. The elections represented a strategic shift in the political priorities of organized labour. The Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) held a series of strategy sessions, candidate schools, public speaking and media courses, and political organizer training sessions. The campaign was rolled out in four phases including visioning, training and endorsement, and accountability.

Self-published memoir of the Sudbury union activist, Homer Seguin (1934-2013), who championed workplace health and safety to reduce injuries and occupational diseases at mines and other industrial sites. Describes his experiences as a negotiator, president of Local 6500 of the United Steelworkers, and as a USW representative at Elliot Lake, Ontario. Also chronicles the rise of the labour movement in Sudbury and the bitter inter-union battle in the early 1960s between Mine Mill Local 598 and the Steelworkers over the right to represent 20,000 Inco workers.

The article reviews the book, "Working Construction: Why White Working-Class Men Put Themselves - and the Labor Movement - in Harm’s Way?," by Kris Paap.

The article reviews the book, "Power and Contestation: India Since 1989," by Nivedita Menon and Aditya Nigam.

Many rural areas are undergoing structural changes as jobs in forestry, fishing, mining, agricultural and other natural resource-based industries decline. These communities, often based around these industries, are generally small and located some distance from urban areas. They are faced with decreasing population as residents and their families leave for jobs elsewhere. As a result, the communities and residents are looking for alternative ways to create employment and sustain themselves. Given the nature of these rural locations, many small businesses based there face challenges that are not generally experienced by enterprises in urban areas. Some communities are not accessible by paved road while others are not accessible by road at all, relying instead on water and air transportation. The business people in these areas often operate without standard business infrastructure, which can include telephone lines, broadband Internet, banking services and other items, and can have difficulty accessing supplies, customers, employees and other required materials. However, there has been relatively little research on the challenges facing rural businesses and the specific methods by which these owners mitigate these challenges. Understanding and addressing the challenges faced by these businesses becomes important in order to support and encourage economic growth and development in these rural communities. Building on this context, this research looks to answer the following questions: • Why do people start businesses in rural locations? • What type of businesses do they start? • What challenges do these rural businesses face? • How do owners respond to these challenges? Vancouver Island and the surrounding smaller islands in British Columbia, Canada serve as the research site. Given the exploratory nature of this research, an inductive approach has been selected with the use of case studies, interviews and grounded theory analysis. Purposeful sampling is used with the sample businesses meeting specific criteria, based on location, business size and definition of success. These businesses are interviewed at their locations to allow the researcher to experience the challenges associated with accessing the particular rural community. The interview topics are focused on the above research questions. There are several common characteristics among the sample owners and their businesses. The owners tend to be in-migrants who moved to the rural area for lifestyle reasons. They have started their business to provide an income, take advantage of a business opportunity, or both. Family members, particularly spouses, are actively involved in the business. In many cases, participants supplement their business income with other income sources to ensure business viability. Success is measured generally by personal and lifestyle goals, rather than financial criteria. The businesses face common challenges in terms of a limited local population base which impacts on market size and labour pool, rural location and access to urban centres, gaps in business and social services infrastructure and heavy time demands. The owners respond to these challenges in a variety of ways which includes the involvement of family, core business diversification, alternative income sources, long hours invested in the business and involvement with the community. To meet these challenges and devise their responses, the owners draw upon four key resources – their own skills and attitudes, their family, business and community. The resulting conceptual framework draws together these key resources and suggests that all four must be present to ensure success within a rural context. Each resource is comprised of several components which contribute to business success. The framework also integrates several resource-based theories, which consider the key resources either separately or in pairs, to create a holistic model. The conclusions focus on several key areas. This research contributes to the knowledge base on rural small businesses by creating a framework that draws directly from the experience of these owners and their objectives and motivations for their businesses. It reflects their internal focus and a concentration of the four resources that they access easily from within their domain. This research also suggests some possible roles for government which focus on its role in shaping the larger environment, particularly at the infrastructure level and human capital development. Finally, future research directions are recommended. This study considers a relatively unexplored topic and suggests ways for rural small businesses to address the challenges which they face. With this knowledge, individuals, businesses, communities and other interested organizations can work to achieve their economic development goals.

Ce mémoire porte sur les travailleurs de la mine Lamaque entre 1948 et 1985. À partir d’une étude approfondie des fichiers d’employés de l’entreprise, qui est l’une des plus riches mines d’or de l’histoire du Québec, nous analysons l’évolution de la main- d’œuvre sous les volets de la composition ethnique, de l’expérience dans le secteur minier ainsi que de la mobilité. Notre enquête révèle l’existence de deux périodes-clés autour desquelles on assiste à une transformation rapide de la main-d’œuvre: la période 1948-1960 est le théâtre d’un important processus d’homogénéisation des effectifs alors que les années 1967-1977 sont la scène d’un double processus de sédentarisation et de qualification de la main-d’œuvre. D’un groupe de travailleurs cosmopolites, peu expérimentés et très mobiles, il en ressort, au sortir de ces années, une main-d’œuvre nettement plus expérimentée, plus sédentaire et composée presque exclusivement de travailleurs canadien-français et, de surcroît, témiscabitibiens. Au-delà de ces transformations, notre mémoire comporte un bref aperçu de l’histoire de l’industrie aurifère québécoise et de la mine Lamaque, du « boom minier » des années 1930 à la grande relance de l’industrie au début des années 1980. De plus, nous portons une attention particulière aux travailleurs d’origine européenne qui forment, jusqu’à la fin des années 1960, une proportion appréciable de la main-d’œuvre. En plus de lever le voile sur la composition de ce groupe de travailleurs, notre étude révèle des similitudes insoupçonnées entre le contingent européen et canadien-français.

The article reviews the book, "The Economics of Happiness: Building Genuine Wealth," by Mark Anielski.

Widespread adoption of mandatory representation votes and express protection of employer speech invite employer anti-union campaigns during union organizing, including employer-held captive audience meetings. Therefore, the problem of whether and how to restrict employers' captive audience communications during union organizing is of renewed relevance in Canada. Captive meetings are a long-standing feature of American labour relations. This article considers how treatment of captive meetings evolved in the U.S., including the notion of employee choice; the "marketplace of ideas" view of expression dominating the American debate; and the central role of the contest between constitutional and statutory rights. It also considers the concept of "forced listening" and the associated Captive Audience doctrine in U.S. constitutional law and considers its possible application to captive audience meetings and the Charter definition of free expression. Finally, it offers suggestions about how Canadian labour law can benefit from lessons learned from the American experience.

The Ontario Labour Relations Act (OLRA) has long dictated the legal relationship between trade unions and employers in the province. Although subject to years of delay, when the provincial government introduced the OLRA in 1950, its official stance on labour relations was a "hands off" program that was designed to leave collective bargaining to the participants. Often defined as industrial pluralism, this new legal regime was supposed to have been crafted in the name of "fairness and balance" in which trade unions abandoned previous militancy for state-sponsored freedoms. Upon closer examination, however, the provincial government's approach to industrial pluralism was much less hands off than has previously been assumed. Rather, the entrenchment of collective bargaining in Ontario was closely aligned with the class interests of Ontario businesses. Through an examination of the politics surrounding OLRA, this article argues that Teslie Frost's Conservative government structured the Act in order to appease employer demands surrounding increased legal regulation of collective bargaining and union organizing, which limited the extension of unionization throughout the province. In making this observation, the article maintains that the Conservative regime of industrial pluralism was both the by-product and the purveyor of ongoing class antagonism throughout the 1950s.

The article reviews the book, "What Workers Say: Employee Voice in the Anglo-American Workplace," edited by Richard B. Freeman, Peter Boxall and Peter Haynes.

Chronicles the conflicted labour relations, strikes, and ownership changes at the daily newspaper, The Sudbury Star, during the period 1996-2006.

The article reviews the book, "Kin: A Collective Biography of a New Zealand Working-Class Family," by Melanie Nolan.

In this article, I draw on institutional theory to propose that a macro-societal market logic is shaping our understanding of the workplace trends of contingent work and overwork. This logic, in combination with specific societal changes, affects how workers experience such trends. Yet paradoxically, the market logic can be used to both support and oppose the trends, resulting in a conceptual stalemate. Research implications are discussed.