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In 1904, the Qing monarchy announced the Presented Schools Regulation policy, which sought to modernize education in China by introducing a scientific curriculum to complement the classical curriculum rooted in Confucianism. At the same time, ongoing criticism of the ancient Chinese philosophy as the cause of contemporary social woes culminated in the May Fourth and New Culture Movements. As a result, the hold of Confucianism on Chinese society began to weaken over successive generations. Yet, these intellectual developments did not affect the Chinese in British Columbia, who continued to place their faith in Confucianism as an ideology that would bring harmony to society, especially in a society rife with anti-Chinese discrimination. This thesis examines the influence of Confucianism on the Chinese in British Columbia between 1923, the year the Chinese Immigration Act was imposed, and 1960, when Wong Foon Sien, a vocal advocate for Chinese immigration rights, resigned from the presidency of the Chinese Benevolent Association. It examines the extent to which the Chinese adhered to the teachings of Confucianism. On the one hand, the Chinese practised certain customs and continued to shape their relationships in accordance with neo-Confucianism, the same traditions criticized by the intellectuals in China. On the other, their ideals for the future were defined by the original Confucianism preserved in the Analects and Mencius. Throughout these years, the Chinese built schools to pass on traditional values and language, created Chinese Benevolent Associations to protect themselves from discrimination, contributed to the war efforts of China and Canada during the Second World War, and lobbied for fewer immigration restrictions after the repeal of the Immigration Act in 1947. In these endeavours, the Chinese demonstrated Confucian virtues of zhong (loyalty), yi (righteousness), and even ren (benevolence). This thesis elucidates Confucian principles as written in the Analects and Mencius and examines the motivations and actions of the Chinese from 1923 to 1960 through a Confucian framework. The research demonstrates that the values of Confucianism were still relevant to the Chinese who grew up in British Columbia during the first two decades of the twentieth century and continued to guide their actions throughout their lives.

This essay examines the expansion of digital platforms through the lens of racial capitalism, focusing on their implications for people of colour in the Global South and migrant populations. It begins by outlining racial capitalism as a theoretical framework that extends beyond classical Marxism by centring the historical and ongoing racialization of labour, dispossession, and accumulation. Drawing on foundational insights from W. E. B. Du Bois and Cedric Robinson, the essay situates capitalism as inherently structured by racial hierarchies rather than merely class relations. It then engages in a critical review of recent scholarship addressing racial capitalism across domains such as social reproduction, migration, and border regimes, highlighting how digital platforms intensify and reorganize these dynamics. The analysis emphasizes how digital infrastructures reproduce longstanding patterns of exploitation, surveillance, and differential mobility while rendering racialized bodies central to global circuits of labour and value extraction. Finally, the essay applies this framework to the study of digital migration and embodiment, illustrating how platform-mediated environments both constrain and reshape the lived experiences of racialized populations. By foregrounding the interplay between race, technology, and political economy, the essay argues for the continued relevance of racial capitalism in understanding contemporary forms of inequality and in envisioning alternatives.

While we know that transgender people are not a monolith, the spectrum of labour precarity that exists for trans workers as well as the additional factors that lead some trans people into deeper levels of life precariousness remain understudied. In this article, we consider how employment precarity impacts trans peoples' quality of life, and how trans peoples' social and material conditions mediate their overall life precarity alongside their experiences of labour precarity. This article is based on 55 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, including 41 interviews with trans precarious workers and 14 with service providers who have worked with trans people experiencing precarious labour. Our analysis highlights participants embodied experiences of labour precarity and explores how varied positions of marginality and material barriers among trans people mediate the kinds of precarity they face. Examining participants' recollections and personal narrations, we explored relationships among poverty, disability, migration, gender, and labour precarity as well as trans workers' deployments of hope, agency, and resistance.

This research note, informed by qualitative fieldwork with resource harvesters in Nova Scotia, explores the effect of economic change and ecological crisis, the outcomes of rural development strategies, and demographic shifts that have shaped the province's rural areas in recent years. It argues that our present moment is ripe with opportunities for a renewed sociological attention on livelihoods in this region, which should take as its focus the relationship that people, communities, and government have with their physical environment. Rural places tend to be valued for their natural endowments, either industrially extracted or preserved and sold as a pastoral idyll. Nova Scotia's recent past has exacerbated this bifurcation. New work is needed to help find prosperous ground beyond both tendencies. This note attempts to spark that effort.

Workplace racial discrimination remains a pervasive and harmful reality with profound implications for health and well-being. Drawing on evidence from three interrelated independent studies using both primary and secondary Canadian data, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of how workplace racial discrimination functions as both a social determinant of health and a chronic stressor contributing to adverse health outcomes and persistent health inequities. The findings demonstrate that workplace racial discrimination, manifesting through inequities in hiring, promotion, retention, and interpersonal interactions, increases the risks of significant psychological, physiological, and physical health outcomes for racialized workers. Experiencing workplace racial discrimination was strongly associated with heightened risks of anxiety, depression, stress and post-traumatic stress disorders, reinforcing mental health disparities across racialized groups. In addition, workplace racial discrimination increased perceptions of work-related stress, which in turn elevated the risk of diagnosed chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, stroke effects and musculoskeletal disorders. Physiological assessments further revealed that recalling racial discrimination experiences contributes to dysregulated cardiovascular reactivity, including elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as mean arterial pressure values above the normal range. Particularly severe forms of racial discrimination, implicating job loss, early retirement, undesirable resignation or leaves were linked to greater blood pressure increases. When incidents of racial discrimination were reported, especially when participants received acknowledgment of their experiences, physiological responses were attenuated. These results underscore the importance of personal action, recognition, accountability and institutional action in mitigating health risks. These findings underscore how workplace psychosocial stressors trigger harmful biological and physiological responses that may result in lasting health consequences. Taken together, this research highlights workplace racial discrimination as a critical public health concern that transcends individual experiences and reflects broader organizational inequities. Conceptualizing discrimination as a chronic stressor provides an essential understanding in addressing racial health disparities. The evidence points to the urgent need for organizational reforms, robust anti-discrimination policies, and workplace practices that not only prevent discrimination but also support the mental and physical health of racialized workers. Addressing workplace racism is not solely a matter of social justice; it is a public health imperative with the potential to reduce disparities, promote workplace equity, and improve the overall well-being of diverse populations.

This article analyses the experiences of US and Canadian call centre workers and their unions with the shift from physical call centres to ‘work from home’ (WFH) arrangements. Drawing on interviews, focus groups and a worker survey, the authors find that the shift enabled new forms of spatial control grounded in worker preferences for remote work and associated with different forms of precarity. Management control over the physical location of work could increase job insecurity; control over the costs and risk associated with WFH arrangements could increase income insecurity; and control over communication between workers and with their unions could increase collective representation and voice insecurity. Local unions engaged in modes of resistance to spatial control, but with uneven success. Findings suggest that labour power requires union strategies that both defend WFH rights and develop protections targeted at forms of precarity associated with being able to work from home.

This article reviews the book, "Statesman of the Piano: Jazz, Race and History in the Life of Lou Hooper," edited by Sean Mills, Eric Fillion and Désirée Rochat.

At the height of the Great Depression, 2,000 young, single, unemployed and homeless men decided to ride boxcars from Vancouver to Ottawa to seek work and wages from Prime Minister "Iron Heel" R.B. Bennett. Their undertaking became the On-To-Ottawa Trek. Vancouver Advocate cub reporter Mark Hunter is given the perilous assignment of infiltrating the Trek. Once accepted into the journey, can he remain incognito? Can he endure the odyssey's hardships and dangers? Also, can he survive the Trek's violent ending? Most important, can he provide objective and accurate reporting of the historic event? --Publisher's description

Exposing the deep roots and new threats of Canada's regressive right. Over the past decade, we have witnessed the global mainstreaming of hate as false narratives and conspiracy theories about equity and inclusion, immigration, COVID-19 and vaccinations, and the “gay agenda” have become permissible talking points among right-wing politicians, pundits, and influencers. In Confronting the Resurgent Right, scholars and activists take Canada’s 2022 “Freedom Convoy” as a recent manifestation of deep-rooted extremism. Providing intersectional commentary on the resurgence of the right, they demonstrate how its ideology permeates and shapes the structures of our society. Balancing evidence-based research with careful analysis of the genesis and methods of the right, this volume models pathways of resistance and charges us to work together to expose and counter the regressive forces that spew hate. --Publisher's description

History of the Teamsters in Canada traces back through nearly 125 years of union struggle, organizing, and dedication to the working class across the country. From the earliest local unions to the major labour conflicts that helped shape Canada, this book brings to life the defining moments of a union that played an important role in the lives of thousands of workers in essential sectors of the economy. -- Author's abstract

For much of the 20th century, mining was a highly unionized sector, including in the Canadian North. From the 1960s to the 1990s, there was near-complete union coverage in mines in the northern territories, significantly increasing the share of wealth and political power claimed by many northern mining workers. Today, only two of ten producing mines are unionized: the Ekati diamond mine in the Northwest Territories (Public Service Alliance of Canada [ psac]) and the Mary River mine in Nunavut (International Union of Operating Engineers [ iuoe]). This article explores the reasons for this decline and contemporary barriers to organizing, drawing on archival research, document analysis, and interviews with Indigenous organizations, union organizers, servicing staff, and officials. Changes in labour practices – such as the use of long-distance commuting, subcontracting, impact and benefit agreements ( ibas), and the shift to smaller, more highly skilled workforces – have created a more challenging organizing environment. These external challenges are compounded by internal union issues, including a failure to prioritize northern organizing and to build meaningful relationships with Indigenous communities and governments. We draw on these results to suggest strategies for overcoming these barriers. These included targeting workers in the remediation phase mines and catering and housekeeping workers to gain a foothold in the sector, locating choke points in the fly-in/fly-out production process, investing in offices and permanent organizing staff in northern cities, and working to decolonize unions through education and meaningful relationships with Indigenous communities.

Workplace injuries happen every day and can profoundly affect workers, their families, and the communities in which they live. This textbook is for workers and students looking for an introduction to injury prevention on the job. It offers an extensive overview of central occupational health and safety (OHS) concepts and practices and provides practical suggestions for health and safety advocacy. Foster, Cake, and Barnetson bring the field into the twenty-first century by including discussions of how precarious employment, gender, and ill-health can be better handled in Canadian OHS. Although they address the gendered and racialized dimensions of new work processes and structures in contemporary workplaces, Foster, Cake, and Barnetson contend that occupational health and safety can only be understood if we acknowledge that workers and employers have conflicting interests. Who identifies what workplace hazards should be controlled is therefore a product of the broader political economy of employment and one that should be well understood by those working in the field. The newly revised second edition updates key information and discusses OHS topics related to emerging issues such as COVID-19 and climate change. It offers an expanded discussion of chemical and biological hazards and provides all-new learning activities and exercises. --Publisher's description

This research explores the intersection of precarious legal status and precarious employment of migrants who came to Canada with a temporary status, whether for work, study, or protection purposes. Drawing on data collected from 148 interviews with precarious-status migrants, the article investigates how transitions in status impact employment trajectories. It builds upon a mixed-method analysis, identifying how employment precarity intensifies with increased status insecurity, which results in progressive deskilling and the degradation of working conditions over time. By foregrounding deskilling as a cumulative and temporal process, this study demonstrates how Canada’s temporary migration regime systematically deteriorates migrant workers’ skills and opportunities, extending precarity beyond the immediate moment of employment. This analysis contributes to an understanding of the lived experiences of migrant workers, highlighting the long-term effects of migration policies and regulations on employment and working conditions.

Adoptant un format original axé sur le dialogue et la conversation, cet ouvrage collectif se situe dans la tradition des travaux en relations industrielles – un champ disciplinaire étudiant les problèmes variés associés au travail et à l’emploi. Il jette un regard d’ensemble sur les nouveaux enjeux émergents concernant le futur des milieux de travail et aborde des sujets tels que la crise climatique, le télétravail, la diversité, l’équité et l’inclusion au travail, l’avenir du syndicalisme et les droits des travailleurs. / With an original format centred on dialogue and conversation, this book is rooted in the tradition of industrial relations research, a disciplinary field that studies diverse problems associated with work and employment. As a collaborative work that takes a broad look at new and emerging issues concerning the future of workplaces, it addresses topics such as the climate crisis, telework, diversity, equity, and inclusion at work, the future of unionism, and workers’ rights. --Publisher's description / Résumé de l'éditeur

Recent debates in sociological literature have questioned whether ‘professions’ and ‘non‐professional occupations’ remain analytically distinct concepts. This article engages with longstanding scholarship on work, occupations and professions to address this question. Drawing primarily on the work of Adams (2018), Saks (2021) and their associated neo‐Weberian approaches, I argue that professions are socially constructed and historically, geographically and temporally contingent. As such, the contemporary macrostructural conditions (re)shaping professional work in the Anglo‐American context—most notably emerging subjective forms of precariousness—should not be interpreted as signalling the demise of professions. Rather, they represent the latest iteration of professional work and its ongoing effort to maintain hegemony amid shifting economic structures. Although professional and non‐professional occupations appear to be converging in some of the respects traditionally separating them, I argue that professions remain analytically distinct from non‐professions. This distinction persists because professionals continue to benefit from the economic and symbolic advantages they have secured through state legitimation, social closure, and the enduring cultural representations of themselves and their work that promote the ideological ‘common‐senseness’ of their elevated social and economic status. The article therefore concludes that professions are not experiencing a ‘crisis’ but are instead entering a new phase of their ongoing reconstruction.

This article reviews the book, "Invested in Crisis: Public Sector Pensions Against the Future," by Tom Fraser.

This article analyzes a neoliberal redefinition of citizenship as market participation through the lens of prison labour in Canadian federal penitentiaries. We focus on corcan, a special operating agency of Correctional Service Canada, which employs approximately 4,000 prisoners in various industries. Despite performing tasks like those of free workers, incarcerated individuals are not recognized as employees under Canadian law and are excluded from employment protections. corcan emphasizes employability as a key criterion for evaluating an offender’s rehabilitation. In effect, many prisoners must demonstrate evidence of compliance with a specific model of labour-market participation in order to be paroled, and to be restored to the liberties and rights of citizenship. We highlight the ideological and practical implications of this transformation, suggesting that prison labour serves as both a means of maintaining prison discipline and a window into the logic of a market-driven society. We conclude by exploring the broader significance of these changes for understanding citizenship and labour relations.

This article reviews the book, "Law at Work: The Coercion and Co-option of the Working Class," by Harry Glasbeek.

Strategies designed to revive the declining union movement require new resources and new members for success. For this, many unions often used closed or agency shops. We compare these with the now dominant open shop as well as the union default. These options are assessed by asking how effective would each be at securing both members and resources for unions; and how much would each option protect and/or advance worker's autonomy in terms of various individual freedoms? Though closed and agency shops have many merits, especially in relation to the open shop, we conclude that the union default is superior to both.

The sixties were not just “sex, drugs, and rock and roll.” Social movements aimed at overcoming patriarchy, colonialism, and corporate capitalism were equally part of the sixties revolution. These movements are still very much alive. In The Long Sixties, seven veteran political activists from the sixties, all still engaged in campaigns and organizations across Canada, tell their stories of transformational activism. What could veteran activists from the sixties teach about activism? In addition to telling their stories — how they got involved, why they stay involved, how they persevered into their twilight years — they also critically reflect on their victories and defeats, their personal and political challenges, what they learned, and how their perspectives deepened and changed along the way. This book provides hope, chronicling the significant gains — in advancing peace, international human rights, Indigenous rights, women’s and 2SLGBTQ+ rights, workers’ rights, and environmental protection. Weathered voices open an intergenerational conversation about social solidarity and transformation to address the grave crises we face globally and nationally, including climate catastrophe, escalating warfare, extreme wealth inequality, ethno-nationalism, and a heightened continental threat to Canada’s sovereignty. -- Publisher's description