Comprendre les conflits liés à la réglementation du travail sur plateforme numérique : une revue critique de la littérature sur le rôle des institutions, des réseaux et des cadres cognitifs dans l’élaboration des politiques - Martin-Caballero, Angel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
La croissance du travail sur plateforme numérique a perturbé et réorganisé la réglementation sur l’emploi. La littérature a abordé ce sujet sous différents angles, mais souvent de manière fragmentée et sans expliquer clairement pourquoi et comment les conflits sur le plan réglementaire à propos du travail sur plateforme numérique surviennent. En utilisant le cadre de Beckert (2010) pour étudier la manière dont les domaines changent, l’auteur a effectué une revue critique de la littérature sur : 1) les rôles des institutions, des réseaux et des cadres dans la réglementation du travail sur plateforme numérique; 2) le pouvoir de réglementation que ces structures confèrent aux acteurs et aux organisations; et 3) les interrelations possibles entre ces structures. Les résultats démontrent l’existence d’une littérature abondante sur la portée de la réglementation institutionnelle et le pouvoir réglementaire des réseaux, mais beaucoup moins sur le rôle plus large de l’État dans ce domaine et les cadres qui guident les préférences des acteurs en matière de réglementation. Les axes de la recherche à réaliser dans le futur sont abordés.
Keywords: conflit réglementaire; revue critique de la littérature; réglementation; travail sur plateforme numérique

Understanding Conflict over Regulation of Platform Work: a Critical Literature Review on the Role of Institutions, Networks and Frames in Policy-Making - Martin-Caballero, Angel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
The expansion of platform work has disrupted and reordered employment regulation. The literature has contributed to this subject from different angles, although often in a fragmented way and without clearly explaining why and how regulatory conflict arises over platform work. Using Beckert's (2010) framework for study of how fields change, the author conducted a critical literature review on: 1) the roles of institutions, networks and frames in regulating platform work; 2) the regulatory power these structures provide to actors and organizations; and 3) the possible interrelationships between these structures. The results show the existence of a substantial literature on the scope of institutional regulation and the regulatory power of networks, but much less on the broader role of the state in this field, and the framing processes that guide the actors’ preferences for regulation. Future lines of research are discussed.
Keywords: critical literature review; platform work; regulation; regulatory conflict

Working-Class Environmentalism - Martínez-Alier, Joan (Land, Water, Air and Freedom, 2023)
This thematic chapter connects the ever-present “social question” (struggles on remuneration and hours of work, exploitation of wage workers) with the “socio-ecological question”. The “waged jobs vs the environment” trade‐off is a point of tension in the relationship between trade‐unions and green movements. Trade unions need an assurance regarding the jobs that would be lost in a transition away from fossil fuels. However, this chapter questions the myth that working-class people do not care about the environment and health, showing examples in Morocco, Zambia, Italy, Peru, Canada, Colombia, South Africa, Kazakhstan, and Argelia. In mining conflicts, in factories and in plantations, trade unions fought for a long time for the rights of exploited workers in struggles linking grievances on low wages and bad conditions of work with health issues. Much before there was a discussion on Just Transitions, there was a working-class environmentalism on issues of health and safety at work, such as asbestosis.

Prison and the Work Ethic - McElligott, Greg (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
Despite persistent depictions to the contrary, coercion pervades the modern work experience and, in many significant respects, is underwritten by the power of the state. This article outlines some of the ways in which long-standing interventions by Canadian (and British) states continue to affect workplace relations today. To appreciate the scope of this effect, it is necessary to trespass across a number of disciplinary boundaries to include topics such as immigration, deportation, political policing, the legal foundations of employment law, the continuing influence of the British Poor Laws, and the role of prisons and prison labour in helping to regulate work standards. States acted to support proletarianization in a comprehensive way, but their tendency to favour large-scale, "labour-saving" building projects has often undermined the actual effectiveness of their efforts at social control. These patterns still haunt prison policy, as I will show toward the end of the article in discussing the Toronto South Detention Centre.
Keywords: détérioration institutionnelle; institutional decay; labour policy; policy failure; politique du travail; prisons à haute sécurité; supermax prisons; travail forcé; unfree labour; échec de politique

Curated Decay: Residual Industrialization at the Nova Scotia Museum of Industry - McInnis, Peter S. (Peter Stuart) (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
Nova Scotians understand economic hardships at both the personal and community levels. This is especially true for the residents of Pictou County. With the eclipse of coal, steel, and heavy manufacturing, successive governments looked to tourism to augment an eroding economic base and to commemorate the working lives of Nova Scotians. This article offers an analysis of the initial decision to construct and maintain the Museum of Industry in a region of the province subjected to sequential phases of deindustrialization. The venture, officially opened to regular attendance in 1995, is the largest facility in the province’s impressive system of 28 regional museums. The creation of the museum, however, was fraught with uncertainty and narrowly avoided financial collapse and plans to disperse the collection of artifacts. The project was subsequently left straddling an uneasy divide between celebrating industrial heritage and tempering controversies of economic and environmental development. Despite Nova Scotia’s proud heritage of worker resistance and union activism, visitors may exit the museum with the ambiguous message that while working lives are often harsh and riven with uncertainty, optimism for the future must prevail. The implication is that the appropriate response is selective anodyne forms of nostalgia, even resignation, but not resentment of the human and environmental costs of deindustrialization.
Keywords: coal mining; critical museum studies; deindustrialization; industrialization; public history; regional development; working-class commemoration

Ineligible: Single Mothers Under Welfare Surveillance - McKeen, Wendy (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Ineligible: Single Mothers Under Welfare Surveillance," by Krys Maki.

Low Class Oil Trash and the Politico-Aesthetics of the Fossilized Proletariat - McLean, Jacob (Canadian Literature, 2023)
In the context of the climate crisis and the rise of the far right, scholars have warned of a "nascent fossil fascism" that combines far right authoritarian politics with fossil fuel boosterism (Daggett). In Canada, this conjuncture expresses itself, in part, through extractive populism, a reactionary political project to counter the environmental left (Gunster et al.). Low Class Oil Trash stands out among other extractive populist entities for its foray into cultural production, having written and produced an original song, "Gassed Up," an "anthem for the oil and gas industry." This article does a close reading of "Gassed Up" and Low Class Oil Trash's social media posts. I use Andreas Malm and the Zetkin Collective's terms "fossilized proletariat," "fossilized whiteness," and "fossilized masculinity" to analyze these petrocultural products, exploring why some members of the working class, despite the threat of climate change, cling to fossil fuels.

Cleaning Up: Portuguese Women's Fight for Labour Rights in Toronto - Miranda, Susana P.; Iacovetta, Franca (Between the Lines, 2023)
This fascinating book uncovers the little-known, surprisingly radical history of the Portuguese immigrant women who worked as night-time office cleaners and daytime “cleaning ladies” in postwar Toronto. Drawing on union records, newspapers, and interviews, feminist labour historians Susana P. Miranda and Franca Iacovetta piece together the lives of immigrant women who bucked convention by reshaping domestic labour and by leading union drives, striking for workers’ rights, and taking on corporate capital in the heart of Toronto’s financial district. Despite being sidelined within the labour movement and subjected to harsh working conditions in the commercial cleaning industry, the women forged critical alliances with local activists to shape picket-line culture and make an indelible mark on their communities. Richly detailed and engagingly written, Cleaning Up is an archival treasure about an undersung piece of working-class history in urban North America. --Publisher's description

Le syndicalisme japonais à l’épreuve du capitalisme de plateforme - Nakano, Kenshin (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
Dans un contexte mondial où l’expansion de l’économie de plateformes numériques dans les secteurs du transport de personnes et de la livraison de repas suscite les mobilisations des travailleurs, le contexte japonais est caractérisé par une double « étrangeté », à savoir une absence apparente des travailleurs de plateformes dans le secteur du transport de personnes alors que les mobilisations y ont été importantes et une faible mobilisation dans le secteur de la livraison de repas où le nombre de livreurs a véritablement explosé. À partir d’une enquête qualitative menée auprès de divers acteurs actifs dans les deux secteurs, l’article montre comment le syndicalisme japonais a réagi face au capitalisme de plateforme.
Keywords: Japan; Japon; Travailleurs de plateforme; Uber; digital platforms; food delivery workers; livreurs de repas; plateformes numériques; platform workers; syndicat; taxi; trade union

How We Struggle: A Political Anthropology of Labour - Nasari, Pedrom (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "How We Struggle: A Political Anthropology of Labour," by Sian Lazar.

"Lawless Coal Miners" and the Lingan Strike of 1882–1883: Remaking Political Order on Cape Breton's Sydney Coalfield - Nerbas, Don (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The Lingan strike of 1882–83 was the last in a series of strikes over a two-decade period on Cape Breton Island's Sydney coalfield. With the use of untapped local sources, this article reconstructs the history of this understudied strike within a broader history of social relations on the coalfield. The migration of labourers from the island's backland farms – predominantly from Highland enclave settlements – to the coal mines played a decisive role in shaping the era's new coal mining villages and the character of social conflict. By the early 1880s, structural change associated with National Policy industrialism was eroding the old authority of the coal operators, and miners embraced the Provincial Workmen's Association (pwa) to advance their claims in long-standing and highly localized contestations. Ultimately the coal communities themselves imposed the emergent trade unionism. The Lingan strike marked a transition to a new political order on the coalfield, structured by the place of the coal mines within the wider Cape Breton countryside and built upon a powerful localism and moral economy that recast the public sphere and the miners' place in it.
Keywords: Cape Breton; Nouvelle-Écosse; Nova Scotia; capitalism; capitalisme; charbon; coal; grèves; labour; mines; mining; moral economy; riots; strikes; travail; économie morale; émeutes

Justice for Im/Migrant Home Care Workers in Manitoba - Nicholson, Leah; Hande, Mary Jean; Migrante Manitoba (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, Manitoba Office, 2023)
COVID-19’s impact on the home care sector has been devastating. Across Canada, it is well documented that workers and older people receiving care have experienced gruelling and isolating working and living conditions respectively. In Manitoba, most home care workers are im/migrants. While there is some emerging research on the experiences of im/migrant home care workers in Manitoba, there is a dearth of public knowledge about their experiences working and living in the province. As the provincial government struggles to recruit and retain home care workers, there is an increasing need for more research on im/migrant home care workers already in Manitoba. --Website description

Editors’ Note = Note de la rédaction [91, Fall 2023] - Niergarth, Kirk; Smith, Charles (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
Welcomes guest editors Lachlan MacKinnon and Steven High to the special issue on deindustrialization.

Teresa Rosemary Healy: Feminist, Labour Scholar, Activist, Musician - O'Manique, Colleen (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
Pays homage to the wide-ranging interests of the activist and scholar, Teresa Healy (1962-2022).

The Right to Disconnect from Work in Canada: Section 21.1.1 of Ontario’s Employment Standards Act in Context - Ogunde, Fife (The Canadian Bar Review, 2023)
Ontario’s provincial government enacted legislation in 2021 mandating employers to develop and maintain workplace policies with regard to employees disconnecting from work. The aim of this article is to examine the suitability of Ontario’s legislative response under the Employment Standards Act in the context of the “right to disconnect”. This paper argues that the Canadian “right to disconnect” in its current form is inadequate from a regulatory perspective and advocates for a stronger framework in this respect.

Prendre soin de la famille émancipée. La santé des affranchis et sa négociation à l'aube de la Reconstruction au Tennessee (1862–1866) - Ouellet, Nelson (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
Dans cet article, les contrats de travail signés au Tennessee par les propriétaires fonciers et les affranchis sont placés au centre d'une étude sur un paradoxe de la liberté aux États-Unis. Nous soutenons l'idée que la santé des affranchis – qui comprend les soins médicaux, la subsistance et la protection physique – se négocie durant et après la guerre de Sécession dans le but d'assujettir les intérêts des Noirs, de l'État et des propriétaires terriens à un idéal de relations sociales de production régi par la liberté, le droit et le marché. En examinant les contrats de travail et leurs clauses médicales, nous revisitons l'approche médico-politique qui a maintes fois conduit les historiens à la thèse de l'échec de la Reconstruction. Nous plaçons aussi la famille noire dans le processus d'émancipation et de production par la voie des contrats et d'une relecture de la « culture de la dissimulation » proposée par l'historienne Darlene Clark Hine il y a plus de trente ans. Enfin, nous nous éloignons d'une lecture qui réduit les contrats à la seule oppression dont étaient victimes les Noirs après la guerre de Sécession. En complément, nous invitons le lecteur à examiner les débats sur la citoyenneté qui ont suivi la ratification du treizième amendement.
Keywords: African Americans; Noirs; Reconstruction; contracts; contrats; famille; family; freedom; health; santé; travail; work; émancipation

A Hero from Capitalism’s Hells: Mike Davis and the Fighting Spirit of Socialist Possibility - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
An illustrated, life-and times portrait of Mike Davis (1946-2022), the American writer, activist, urban theorist, and historian.

Civilization: From Enlightenment Philosophy to Canadian History - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Civilization: From Enlightenment Philosophy to Canadian History," by Elsbeth A. Heaman.

From Consent to Coercion: The Continuing Assault on Labour - Panitch, Leo; Evans, Bryan M.; Fanelli, Carlo; Swartz, Donald; Gindin, Sam (University of Toronto Press, 2023)
From Consent to Coercion examines the increasing assault against trade union rights and freedoms in Canada by federal and provincial governments. Centring the struggles of Canadian unionized workers, this book explores the diminution of the welfare state and the impacts that this erosion has had on broader working-class rights and standards of living. The fourth edition witnesses the passing of an era of free collective bargaining in Canada--an era in which the state and capital relied on obtaining the consent of workers and unions to act as subordinates in Canada's capitalist democracy. It looks at how the last twenty years have marked a return to a more open reliance of the state and capital on coercion--on force and on fear--to secure that subordination. From Consent to Coercion considers this conjuncture in the Canadian political economy amid growing precarity, poverty, and polarization in an otherwise indeterminate period of austerity. This important edition calls attention to the urgent task of rebuilding and renewing socialist politics--of thinking ambitiously and meeting new challenges with unique solutions to the left of social democracy. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: Canada; Collective bargaining; Collective bargaining Canada History; History; Labor unions; Labor unions Canada History; Labor unions Law and legislation; Labor unions Law and legislation Canada History

Éclairage par le commun des conditions organisationnelles pour la pérennité des communautés de pratique - Pastier, Kévin; Combes, Victor; Dalmas, Michel; Silva, François (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
Objectif de la recherche : Cet article interroge la pérennité des communautés de pratique (CoP), généralement considérée par des approches déterministes, en utilisant le cadre théorique des communs. Cet article propose donc par analogie d’analyser les CoP en tant qu’organization et organizing. Cette approche doit permettre d’identifier les conditions internes pour une reproduction d’une CoP. L’objectif de cette recherche est ainsi de comprendre les conditions d’auto-organisation et de pérennité d’une CoP. Méthodologie : Pour ce faire, nous utilisons une méthodologie mixte. Après une étude qualitative de plusieurs mois à observer et analyser deux CoP, nous nous appuyons sur une étude quantitative menée auprès de sept CoP au sein d’une entreprise, MUTUALIS. Un questionnaire permettant d’analyser l’organization et l’organizing des CoP a été envoyé aux membres. 76 réponses ont été retenues et analysées avec SMART PLS. Contribution : Si cet article identifie un potentiel de reproduction interne des CoP et donc de pérennité, il souligne également que celle-ci demeure partielle par son usage instrumental. En raison de ce dernier, les CoP minimisent leur reproduction organisationnelle et donc leur auto-organisation. Pour dépasser cette limite, le cadre du commun propose in fine une approche intégrative de l’organisation d’une action collective auto-organisée qui nous amène à penser la démocratisation à une échelle multiniveaux. Finalement, cette étude démontre l’impératif d’une transformation organisationnelle plus générale de l’entreprise qui ne peut être réduite à des dispositifs ou des communautés sporadiques.
Keywords: Commoning; Communauté de pratique; Community of practice; Degeneration; Dégénérescence; Mixte analysis; Méthodologie mixte

Cycles de risque, capitalisme et avenir du travail - Peetz, David (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
Cet article interprète les nombreuses données empiriques sur la croissance, puis la stagnation des « modes de flexibilité » à l’aide de la théorie du procès de travail, en particulier en ce qui concerne le contrôle et la résistance. Dans un « cycle de risque », la direction saisit d’abord une occasion de réduire les coûts en transférant le risque du capital au travail par le biais d’un certain mode de flexibilité. Le mode choisi est de plus en plus utilisé jusqu’à ce que l’expansion soit bloquée par la nécessité de vaincre la résistance, d’obtenir le consentement et/ou d’exercer un contrôle. La direction cherche alors un nouveau mode. Le cycle de risque est cohérent avec les données de l’OCDE sur l’« emploi temporaire » et les données australiennes sur l’« emploi occasionnel ». Les implications pour l’économie à la demande et l’avenir du travail sont abordées.
Keywords: contrôle; cycle du risque; emploi occasionnel; emploi temporaire; flexibilité; précarité; résistance

Risk Cycles, Capitalism and the Future of Work - Peetz, David (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
This paper interprets extensive empirical data on the growth and then stagnation of “modes of flexibility” by using labour process theory, specifically with respect to control and resistance. In a “risk cycle,” management initially seizes an opportunity to reduce costs by transferring risk from capital to labour through some mode of flexibility. The chosen mode is used more and more until further expansion is blocked by the need to overcome resistance, to obtain consent and/or to exercise control. Management then seeks a new mode. The risk cycle is consistent with OECD data on “temporary employment,” and Australian data on “casual employment.” Implications for the gig economy and the future of work are discussed.
Keywords: casual employment; control; flexibility; precarity; resistance; risk cycle; temporary employment

Governance Recommendations to Support Canada’s Clean Energy Workforce and Economy - Pembina Institute; Canadian Labour Congress (A Sustainable Jobs Blueprint, 2023)
In our first report, A Sustainable Jobs Blueprint - Part I: Governance recommendations to support Canada’s clean energy workforce and economy, we examined the shift net-zero based on current global trends. The first report underscored the importance of sound sustainable jobs planning; a robust governance approach with internal structures and accountability mechanisms; and inclusive decision-making that brings workers to the table. This second report offers advice on the tactics the federal government can use as it makes investments and develops programs, with the goal of better and more fair outcomes for present and future workers as well as communities. We recommend the federal government take steps to advance the following seven worker- and economy-focused actions, discussed in greater detail in the report. --Website description

Putting Workers and Communities at the Centre of Canada’s Net-Zero Energy Economy - Pembina Institute; Canadian Labour Congress (A Sustainable Jobs Blueprint, 2023)
Proactive and responsive governments can put in place the foundations for stability through transitions that empower worker and community resiliency and ensure those socioeconomic changes are positive. These foundations include key enabling factors and mechanisms for collaboration, accountability, and implementation. The Pembina Institute and the Canadian Labour Congress have partnered to develop a Sustainable Jobs Blueprint, which identifies policy and investment recommendations tosupport the Canadian workforce in the transition to a net-zero economy. This is the first report in a series on sustainable jobs planning in Canada to support the creation and maintenance of decent jobs across Canada. Part one outlines a governance framework needed for a robust sustainable jobs approach in Canada and includes recommendations for government action. Part two will offer recommendations for an implementation plan, supported by the governance framework, that will best support workers and communities. --Website description/Introduction

Les couleurs de la révolution. La gauche à l’épreuve du pouvoir. Venezuela, Équateur, Bolivie : un bilan à travers l’histoire - Peñafiel, Ricardo (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Les couleurs de la révolution. La gauche à l’épreuve du pouvoir. Venezuela, Équateur, Bolivie : un bilan à travers l’histoire," by Patrick Guillaudat and Pierre Mouterde.

Putting Skill to Work: How to Create Good Jobs in Uncertain Times - Pérez-Lauzon, Sara (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Putting Skill to Work: How to Create Good Jobs in Uncertain Times," by Nichola Lowe.

(De)constructing Nation and Race Along the Canadian Pacific Railway: First Nations and Chinese Migrants in the Colonial Project - Petrie, Emilee (University of Victoria, 2023)
Much has been written on the history of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), but rarely are conversations regarding the experiences of First Nations and Chinese immigrants on the railway brought together. This thesis will analyze how First Nations and Chinese people in Western Canada experienced the construction of the railway and how, as racialized peoples, they were excluded from the original national mythology centered on the completion of a transcontinental railway. The seemingly benign symbol of a railway representing the nation continues the violence of naturalizing colonial, capitalist structures in the national landscape. A closer look at this history reveals the dispossession of Indigenous peoples, the destruction of their ways of life and incorporation of the capitalist economy—all processes that continues today. The history of the railway also reveals the place of Chinese immigrants as a distinct, racialized labour force in late-nineteenth-century Canada that reinforced and that was informed by the racial and economic interests of the national subject at an important time in the development of the nation and its national myths. Drawing on the insights of Manu Karuka’s Empire’s Tracks, this analysis situates the CPR as a tool of colonial, capitalist, countersovereignty.

Travailler moins ne suffit pas (Collection Polémos, 2023)
« Est-ce qu’il suffit de travailler moins pour retrouver l’équilibre entre les différentes facettes de nos vies surchargées ? La réduction du temps de travail est une revendication de longue date pour améliorer notre qualité de vie. En passant moins de temps au travail, nous pourrions enfin reprendre notre souffle et consacrer plus de temps à nos relations sociales, aux tâches domestiques ou encore pour s’engager dans la communauté. Mais est-ce que notre travail nous comble et contribue au bien commun ? Julia Posca interroge notre rapport au travail, explore sa nature et envisage les voies à emprunter pour lui redonner un sens. À la dystopie dans laquelle nous nous enfonçons toujours un peu plus, nous pourrions opposer l’utopie du travail « démarchandisé, démocratisé et dépollué ». Une invitation à revoir l’organisation du travail pour qu’il réponde d’abord aux besoins les plus « authentiques » : assurer à tous et toutes une existence digne, entretenir des relations riches, léguer une vie bonne aux futures générations. »--Quatrième de couverture
Keywords: Hours of labor; Industrial sociology; Methods engineering; Organisation du travail; Réduction du temps de travail; Sociologie industrielle; Syndicalism; Syndicalisme; Travail Aspect psychologique; Work Psychological aspects

Frontiers of Feminism: Movements and Influences in Québec and Italy, 1960–1980 - Raby, Marie-Laurence (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Frontiers of Feminism: Movements and Influences in Québec and Italy, 1960–1980," by Jacinthe Michaud.

Countercurrents: Women's Movements in Postwar Montreal - Ricci, Amanda (Studies on the history of Quebec, 2023)
In the decades following the Second World War, women from all walks of life became increasingly frustrated by the world around them. Drawing on long-standing political traditions, these women bound together to revolutionize social norms and contest gender inequality. In Montreal, women activists inspired by Red power, Black Power, and Quebec liberation, among other social movements, mounted a multifront campaign against social injustice. Countercurrents looks beyond the defining "waves" metaphor to write a new history of feminism that incorporates parallel social movements into the overarching narrative of the women's movement. Case studies compare and reflect on the histories of the Quebec Native Women's Association, the Congress of Black Women, the Front de libération des femmes du Québec, various Haitian women's organizations, and the Collectif des femmes immigrantes du Québec and the political work they did. Bringing to light previously overlooked archival and oral sources, Amanda Ricci introduces a new cast of characters to the history of feminism in Quebec. The book presents a unique portrait of the resurgence of feminist activism, demonstrating its deep roots in Indigenous and Black communities and a transnational scope with wide-ranging inspirations and preoccupations. Advancing cross-cultural perspectives on women's movements, Countercurrents looks to the history of women's activism in Montreal and finds new ways of defining feminist priorities and imagining feminist futures. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: 1900-1999; Feminism; Feminism Québec (Province) Montréal History 20th century; Femmes Activité politique Québec (Province) Montréal Histoire 20e siècle; Féminisme Québec (Province) Montréal Histoire 20e siècle; History; Mouvements sociaux Québec (Province) Montréal Histoire 20e siècle; Québec Montréal; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Women's Studies; Social movements; Social movements Québec (Province) Montréal History 20th century; Women Political activity; Women Political activity Québec (Province) Montréal History 20th century

The Flows of Racial Capitalism: Charting the Spread of COVID-19 through Alberta’s Meatpacking Industry - Rinaldi, Jen; Fernando, Shanti (Journal of Critical Race Inquiry, 2023)
This article will present a case study of Cargill’s High River meatpacking plant operations to show how at crucial historical junctures racial capitalism shaped its working conditions and in so doing determined the spread of COVID-19. First, the Canadian meatpacking industry’s 1980s-era economic restructuring relocated and reorganized its workforce from a core to peripheral one, allowing for the low wage employment of many precarious workers; this restructuring enabled the Cargill company to gain overwhelming control of the meatpacking industry in Canada and to become a “choke point” in the supply chain. Second, Canadian immigration policy from 2006 to 2010 supported a marked increase in migrant workers to meet the labour market needs of business; this reconstituted the labour class to heighten their disposability. With these pieces in place, the Albertan provincial government could classify meatpackers as “essential workers” who worked even in the face of mass COVID infection in April through June 2020. Across this crucial historical period racial capitalism enabled the plant to circumvent public health interventions protecting workers through the onset of the pandemic. Political championing of business interests, enacted through legislative mechanisms, allowed for the exploitation of workers and consistently rendered workers personally responsible for their own health and safety, despite their lack of control over what exposed them to risk.

Building a Better World: An Introduction to the Labour Movement in Canada - Ross, Stephanie; Savage, Larry (Fernwood Publishing, 2023)
This fourth edition...offers a comprehensive introductory overview of Canada’s labour movement. The book explores why workers form unions; assesses their organization and democratic potential; examines issues related to collective bargaining, grievances and strike activity; charts the historical development of labour unions; and describes the gains unions have achieved for their members and all working people. This new and expanded edition also analyzes the challenges facing today’s labour movement as a result of COVID-19 and the strategies being developed to overcome them. --Publisher's description
Keywords: Canada; Labor movement; Labor movement Canada; Labor unions; Labor unions Canada; Mouvement ouvrier Canada; Syndicats Canada

Justice at Work: The Rise of Economic and Racial Justice Coalitions in Cities - Roth, Silke (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Justice at Work: The Rise of Economic and Racial Justice Coalitions in Cities," by Mark Doussar and Greg Schrock.

Work and the Carceral State - Rouleau, Alexis Marcoux (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Work and the Carceral State," by Jon Burnett.

Forgiveness - Sakamoto, Mark (Playwrights Canada Press, 2023)
Mitsue Sakamoto and Ralph MacLean have both suffered tremendous loss during WWII: Mitsue as a survivor of a Japanese Canadian internment camp, and Ralph as a prisoner in a Japanese POW camp. In order to rebuild their lives and their families after the war, Ralph and Mitsue must find the grace and generosity necessary to forgive those who have wronged them. Their paths eventually cross in 1968 when Mitsue's son and Ralph's daughter begin dating, and Ralph is invited to Mitsue's home for dinner.This soaring adaptation of Mark Sakamoto's award-winning memoir affirms the power of forgiveness and shows us that in our challenging times characterized by political divisiveness, xenophobia, and race hatred, the story of Mitsue and Ralph's personal triumphs over hatred, injustice, violence, and bigotry remains vitally relevant and urgently necessary. -- Publisher's Description
Keywords: 1939-1945; Adaptations scéniques; Biographical drama; Canada; Canadiens d'origine japonaise Relogement et internement forcés, 1941-1949 Théâtre; Canadiens d'origine japonaise Théâtre; Drama; Families; Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945 Prisonniers et prisons des japonais Théâtre; Historical drama; Japan; Japanese Canada Drama; Japanese Canada Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945 Drama; Japanese Canadians Drama; Japanese Canadians Forced relocation and internment, 1941-1949 Drama; MacLean, Ralph, 1922- Famille Théâtre; MacLean, Ralph, 1922- Family Drama; Prisoners of war; Prisoners of war Canada Drama; Prisoners of war Japan Drama; Prisonniers de guerre Canada Théâtre; Prisonniers de guerre Japon Théâtre; Sakamoto, Mark, 1977- Famille Théâtre; Sakamoto, Mark, 1977- Family Drama; Sakamoto, Mitsue, 1920- Famille Théâtre; Sakamoto, Mitsue, 1920- Family Drama; Theatrical adaptations; Théâtre; Théâtre biographique; Théâtre historique; World War, 1939-1945 Prisoners and prisons, Japanese Drama

Waitresses in Action: Feminist Labour Protest in 1970s Ontario - Sangster, Joan (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
In the 1970s, women in Toronto created the Waitresses Action Committee to protest the introduction of a "differential" or lower minimum wage for wait staff serving alcohol. Their campaign was part of their broader feminist critique of women's exploitation and the gendered and sexualized nature of waitressing. Influenced by their origins in the Wages for Housework campaign, they stressed the linkages between women's unpaid work in the home and the workplace. Their campaign eschewed worksite organizing for an occupational mobilization outside of the established unions; they used petitions, publicity, and alliances with sympathizers to try to stop the rollback in their wages. They were successful in mobilizing support but not in altering the government's decision. Nonetheless, their spirited campaign publicized new feminist perspectives on women's gendered and sexualized labour, and it contributed to the ongoing labour feminist project of enhancing working-class women's equality, dignity, and economic autonomy. An analysis of their mobilization also helps to enrich and complicate our understanding of labour and socialist feminism in this period.
Keywords: Wages for Housework; féminisme de deuxième vague; lois sur le salaire minimum; minimum-wage laws; salaire au travail ménager; second-wave feminism; syndicalisation des serveuses; waitress organizing

Platforms and the Challenges for Workers’ Digital Action: The Brazilian Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic - Santana, Marco (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
In this article, I will analyze the ways in which Brazilian workers are using social media to organize and mobilize. Although analysis of social media use has made great progress, in the case of worker movements it still needs further development. I will focus on the experience of Brazilian app-based delivery workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite their dispersion across the country, delivery workers were able to carry out two national strikes through intense use of WhatsApp, Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. Using qualitative analysis of posts from worker organizations on social media, it was possible to identify the challenges faced by these movements when using digital media. Social media helped solve some organizational and communication problems, while producing others that workers had to deal with.
Keywords: Action collective; Brazil; Brésil; Livreurs; Mobilisation en ligne des travailleurs; Plateformes numériques; collective action; delivery workers; digital platforms; workers’ digital action

Syndicalisme au Québec et rapport à la société civile : sociologie historique de la trajectoire clérico-nationale de la CSN - Scott, Jonathan (Université du Québec à Montréal, 2023)
L’intuition sociologique qui a orienté notre démarche de recherche se présente ainsi : pour saisir la trajectoire de l’histoire du syndicalisme en sol québécois, de son émergence à sa représentation actuelle, il importe de lier cette évolution au processus d’émergence et de transformation de la société civile. Afin de travailler cette intuition, nous avons revisité l’histoire du syndicalisme en nous concentrant sur ce que nous nommons « la filiation clérico-nationale », laquelle définit l’identité de la CSN. Ce travail s’avère essentiel pour nous permettre de compléter les analyses d’historiens sociaux et de sociologues des relations du travail en proposant une lecture sociologique nouvelle des périodisations existantes de l’histoire du syndicalisme québécois. Cette intuition nous demandera de qualifier l’évolution récente du syndicalisme québécois du fait qu’en contexte néolibéral, le répertoire d’action du partenariat social, défini à l’aube des années 1980, s’est essoufflé parce qu’il est non seulement soumis à rude épreuve, mais aussi parce qu’il peine à se renouveler. Sur ce point, des auteurs voient dans la baisse du taux de syndicalisation des personnes salariées des pays développés une preuve validant l’hypothèse d’un affaiblissement du syndicalisme. De plus, en sol québécois, malgré une stabilisation du taux de syndicalisation autour de 38%, les syndicats donnent l’impression d’avoir perdu de leur capacité d’être la composante de la société civile la plus représentative auprès du législateur québécois. En qualifiant l’évolution récente de la CSN, nous avons été en mesure de montrer qu’il y a eu recomposition de la centralité des capacités d’action d’une composante importante du mouvement syndical québécois. À partir d’une méthodologie partagée entre la recension d’écrits et l’analyse de contenu de documents de la CSN, nous répondrons aux questions centrales que nous nous sommes posées et validerons ou invaliderons nos hypothèses de travail. Notre thèse nous permettra de proposer une périodisation enrichie de l’action syndicale québécoise. Cette « nouvelle périodisation » apportera des précisions sociologiques aux périodisations historiques existantes. Elle le fera en fournissant des éclairages nouveaux sur les conditions d’émergence du syndicalisme, sur son évolution et surtout, elle abordera la période contemporaine correspondant aux quarante dernières années. De plus, en concentrant notre travail sur la filiation clérico-nationale, nous mettrons en lumière le caractère historique de la posture de concertation et de collaboration des organisations syndicales québécoises : de son émergence à son renouvellement actuel. Plus précisément, l’analyse des données que nous présenterons sur la période récente fournira des éléments clés pour saisir la particularité du syndicalisme québécois. Ce dernier se développe, selon notre lecture, de façon symbiotique. L’amorce de cette relation symbiotique est clairement apparue avec la première configuration développementale, laquelle prend naissance dans les années 1930 sous le leadership du haut clergé québécois. Depuis, cette relation symbiotique s’est maintenue et a été développée au fil des mises à niveau du modèle québécois de développement. De nos jours, elle prend une couleur particulière que nous avons qualifiée de partenariat social stratégique. Notre étude de la CSN illustrera comment les logiques d’actions de cette organisation sont partagées entre la collaboration avec le capital, l’État et des organisations de la société civile, tout en mobilisant, au besoin, la conflictualité. Nous montrerons comment, au fil des quarante dernières années, les discours de la CSN font état d’une relation ambidextre avec les grands secteurs institutionnels. Une relation qui est partagée entre collaboration et conflictualité tout en étant teintée de développementalisme. _____________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : CSN, histoire sociale, institutionnalisation, logique d’action, néolibéralisme, société civile, syndicalisme

The Framing of Temporary Foreign Workers in Canadian Parliamentary Debates - Shaheen, Tartil (University of Windsor, 2023)
This study examines the framing of temporary foreign workers (TFWs) and the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) within the context of Canadian political discourse. Through a qualitative content analysis of parliamentary speeches spanning from 2006 to 2022, it investigates how TFWs and the TFWP have been framed by members of three federal political parties: Conservatives, Liberals and the NDP. With an aim to understand influences on framing strategies, the analysis considers significant events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and a change in government. The findings highlight the significance of party ideology in shaping perspectives on TFWs and the TFWP, with all three parties recognizing the necessity of this group and program in achieving Canada’s economic goals. At the same time, despite their increasing significance in the economy, the study highlights the conditional inclusion of TFWs in Canada. Policymakers adapt their frames based on perceived contribution of these workers and their alignment with Canadian interests. This research illuminates the crucial role of framing in shaping policy outcomes regarding TFWs and the TFWP.

Conscripted to Care: Women on the Frontlines of the COVID-19 Response - Smith, Julia (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2023)
With the vast majority of healthcare and social workers identifying as women, the vanguard of the COVID-19 response was distinctly gendered. In Conscripted to Care, Julia Smith introduces us to the women who faced the worst effects of the pandemic and the inequities it exposed. Through clear prose and fascinating critical analysis, she documents their largely unseen contributions and sacrifices, both professionally and domestically. Drawing on interviews and focus groups with nearly 200 women from a range of backgrounds and occupations, Smith reveals how structural inequality put women on the frontlines of the pandemic response, yet with inadequate resources and little voice in decision-making. Women not only shouldered the triple burden of paid work, unpaid care, and mental load, but also increased emotional labour. While some women were categorized as "essential," others remained in the shadows--all faced unsustainable workloads, moral distress, and burnout, while continuing to demand better services for those in their care. An analysis of Canada's COVID-19 response from the perspective of those who staffed it, Conscripted to Care presents crucial lessons for those interested in public health and how it relates to gender and economic equality, as well as public policy. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: Aidantes naturelles Canada; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-2023 Social aspects Canada; Canada; Equality Health aspects; Equality Health aspects Canada; Femmes Canada Conditions sociales 21e siècle; Femmes Canada Conditions économiques 21e siècle; Medical personnel Canada; Pandémie de COVID-19, 2020-2023 Aspect social Canada; Personnel féminin Canada Conditions sociales 21e siècle; Personnel féminin Canada Conditions économiques 21e siècle; Personnel médical Canada; Public health; Public health Canada; Santé publique Canada; Since 2000; Social aspects; Women Canada Economic conditions 21st century; Women Canada Social conditions 21st century; Women Economic conditions; Women Social conditions; Women caregivers Canada; Women employees Canada Economic conditions 21st century; Women employees Canada Social conditions 21st century; Women employees Economic conditions; Women employees Social conditions; Égalité (Sociologie) Aspect sanitaire Canada

"I Felt like I Was Losing Every Day": Women Educators' Lived Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic - Smith, Julia (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The covid-19 pandemic severely disrupted the education system in Canada from March 2020 throughout the 2020–21 school year. It also had disproportionate secondary effects on women in terms of unpaid care, economic loss, and poor mental health. This article explores the lived experience of women educators in the province of Alberta, drawing on interviews and focus groups with 39 educators. Findings indicate that the pandemic not only exacerbated the triple burden that women educators, in particular, bear but added additional layers of responsibility related to public health management, educating children at home, elder care responsibilities, and emotional labour. The essential role women educators fulfilled within the covid-19 response, at work and at home, cost them time, professional development opportunities, mental wellness, and the positive rewards that had drawn them to the educational field. Current concerns around educator burnout and retention may be mitigated by acting on the recommendations of women educators regarding the development of more equitable education systems and social policy.
Keywords: Alberta; Canada; care economy; covid-19; education; feminist; femmes; féministe; gender; genre; health; santé; women; économie des soins; éducation

La capture des travailleurs à l’ère du travail précaire : réduire le taux de roulement en l’absence de l’engagement et de la sécurité d’emploi des employés - St-Denis, Xavier (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
Le présent article soutient que la rétention du personnel demeure une priorité essentielle pour de nombreux employeurs, même si ces derniers deviennent de moins en moins enclins à offrir des emplois stables. La recherche a montré que, face à cette précarité croissante de l’emploi, les travailleurs adoptent des stratégies individuelles de progression professionnelle axées sur la mobilité entre entreprises, lesquelles viennent renforcer les inquiétudes des employeurs en ce qui concerne le roulement du personnel. Cet article défend l’importance pour les chercheurs en relations industrielles d’étudier de plus près les pratiques organisationnelles qui restreignent la mobilité des employés, c’est-à-dire les « stratégies de capture des travailleurs ». Celles-ci se distinguent des autres pratiques en matière de mobilité du fait qu’elles sont unilatérales et qu’elles visent une réduction du roulement du personnel sans nécessairement chercher à favoriser un sentiment d’engagement ou de loyauté chez les employés.
Keywords: Insécurité d’emploi; carrière; clause de non-concurrence; flexibilité du travail; roulement du personnel; rétention du personnel

Worker Capture in the Precarious Work Era: Reducing Turnover without Employee Commitment and Job Security - St-Denis, Xavier (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
This paper argues that employee retention remains a key priority for many employers, even as they become less likely to offer stable employment. In the face of increased job insecurity, researchers have shown that workers have adopted personalized career progression strategies that emphasize inter-firm mobility. Such strategies heighten employer concerns about employee turnover. The paper argues that the industrial relations literature would gain from closer study of organizational practices that restrict employee mobility, i.e., “worker capture strategies.” Such practices stand out from other mobility-reducing ones because they are unilateral and aim to reduce turnover without necessarily fostering a sense of commitment or loyalty among employees.
Keywords: careers; flexible employment; job insecurity; non-compete agreements; retention; turnover

La virtualisation des communications en contexte de travail hybride : un effet d’entraînement ou de réduction des comportements hostiles ? - St-Onge, Sylvie; Bachini, Eva (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
Depuis la pandémie, un nombre croissant d’employés travaillent partiellement ou totalement à distance et en présentiel selon leur volonté ou des balises définies par leur employeur. Cette étude explore (1) les liens entre l’adoption de ces modes de travail qualifiés d’« hybride » (un changement d’organisation du travail important qui a modifié, entre autres, les lieux, les heures et la charge de travail) et diverses formes de comportement hostiles parmi le personnel ; (2) les moyens de prévenir et contrer l’émergence de comportements hostiles dans un contexte de travail hybride appelé à s’intensifier.
Keywords: Remote work; aggression; agression; bullying; cyberbullying; cyberharassment; cyberharcèlement; harassment; harcèlement; incivility; incivilités; telecommuting; travail à distance; télétravail

Refinery Town in the Petrostate: Organized Labour Confronts the Oil Patch in Western Canada - Stevens, Andrew; Nesbitt, Doug (Studies in Political Economy, 2023)
In 2019, Regina’s Co-operative Refinery Complex locked out the 730 members of Unifor Local 594 amid record profits in an aggressive drive for significant pension concessions. Marred by sweeping antipicketing injunctions, an enormous scab operation, police repression, and general public enmity, the lockout suggests two overlapping trends. First, the union’s adherence to co-operative and conciliatory bargaining had left it ill equipped to confront—either in the workplace or the public sphere—management’s costcutting agenda in the centre of Saskatchewan’s now hegemonic petrostate. Second, a marked tension developed between community outreach efforts and the circumstances in which legal industrial action was ineffective and civil disobedience emerged.
Keywords: Collective action; just transition; oil unionism; petrostate; revitalization; union renewal

The Union Advantage: A Comparison of Union and Non-Unionized Wages in Canada and Saskatchewan - Stevens, Andrew; Poirier, Angèle (University of Regina, 2023)
Unionization and collective bargaining continue to deliver material gains for workers by way of higher wages and access to supplementary benefits like health insurance and pensions. While researchers have charted a declining union wage advantage over the last few decades, collective bargaining still yields important gains for workers. Unions have sought to remedy stagnating real wages and growing inflation by seeking wage increases that align with the cost of living through bargaining processes and labour militancy. This report provides comparison of wages and benefits for unionized and non-unionized workers across industries in Canada and in the province of Saskatchewan by drawing from Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey (LFS) as well as custom tabulations acquired from Statistics Canada, retrieved from the LFS. --Executive summary

Organizing Informal Workers Globally: Comparing a Global Union Federation and a Global Informal Worker Organization Network - Tilly, Chris (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
With economic globalization and with the precarization and informalization of work, efforts have increased to build global labour alliances among formal workers on the one hand and to organize informal workers on the other. These two endeavours overlap considerably. Global labor organizations have taken on a growing role in organizing and advocating for informal workers. I explore this overlap by comparing two global labour federations: one arising from heterogeneous networks of informal workers—the International Domestic Workers Federation—and a longstanding one of formal employees that has increasingly attempted to include informal workers—the Building and Wood Workers International. The contrast reveals similarities, divergences and trade-offs, with important implications for the future potential for building global organizations of informal workers.
Keywords: Construction workers; domestic workers; global unions; informal work; power resources

Inequality in Canada: The History and Politics of an Idea - Tough, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Inequality in Canada: The History and Politics of an Idea," by Eric W. Sager.

Labour, Labour Law and Capitalist Rent Seeking: Rentier Capitalism and Labour in Historical Perspective - Tucker, Eric (SSRN, 2023)
The rise of rentier capitalism in advanced capitalist countries has detrimentally affected large numbers of worker and impaired the efficacy of protective labour and employment laws. However, capitalist rent-seeking is not unique to rentier capitalism, but rather has taken a variety of forms over time. This chapter begins by exploring the evolving meaning of rent and changing practices of capitalist rent-seeking. It then considers the ways in which workers responded to those practices in both rent-rich and rent-poor sectors of the economy, including through the enactment of labour and employment laws appropriate to, but only partially successful in addressing labour exploitation in each sector. The chapter then considers the impact of rentier capitalism on work in productivist firms and the efficacy of existing protective labour and employment laws. It concludes by considering possible reforms to protective laws for rentier capitalism while recognizing their limits in worlds built on structures generative of labour exploitation.
Keywords: Collective Bargaining; Labour; Rentier Capitalism; Unions

Regulating Health and Safety in Capitalist Workplaces: History, Practices and Prospects - Tucker, Eric (Osgoode Digital Commons, 2023)
... Occupational health and safety regulation sits atop these structures of risk creation and distribution and historically has been shaped by the struggles of working people to limit the harm that unbridled capitalism would have otherwise inflicted upon them. The results, which are the subject of this chapter, have varied over time and place, and have secured real improvements for some workers. Given space limitations, the remainder of this chapter focuses on OHS regulation in advanced capitalist countries, with a concentration on the English-speaking world. The next section outlines the broad lines of the historical development of OHS regulation, beginning from the rise of industrial capitalism in the early nineteenth century through to the last decades of the twentieth century and the creation of a new mode of regulation, variously called regulated selfregulation or mandated partial self-regulation. The following section considers various debates over the performance of that regime, including the relation between self-regulation and state enforcement, the practice of state enforcement and the efficacy of worker participation rights. Finally, the last section of the chapter examines emerging OHS challenges to the regulatory regime. --From introduction

Franchising and the Extraction of Surplus Value: Excavating the Legal Boundary Between Franchisees and Employees - Tucker, Eric; Bartkiw, Timothy J. (Journal of Law and Political Economy, 2023)
Nearly one in ten Canadians in the private sector works in the franchised sector of the economy. For the most part, franchisors operate as rentiers, extracting value from franchisees for the use of their brand. Research has demonstrated that this arrangement puts additional pressure on franchisees to extract surplus value from their employees that tend toward substandard and unlawful working conditions. In this scenario, franchisors benefit from but are only indirectly involved in the extract of surplus value. In some cases, however, the vertical controls exercised by “franchisors” over “franchisees” are so extensive, and the financial contribution of “franchisees” is so limited, that the franchisor becomes involved in directly extracting surplus value from franchisees. We explore this latter phenomenon through an excavation of the history of the legal distinction in Canadian business-format franchising in Canada and detailed studies of two recent Canadian cases in which “franchisees” successfully claimed employment status.

Care Activism: Migrant Domestic Workers, Movement-Building, and Communities of Care - Tungohan, Ethel (NWSA / UIP First Book Prize Series, 2023)
Care activism challenges the stereotype of downtrodden migrant caregivers by showing that care workers have distinct ways of caring for themselves, for each other, and for the larger transnational community of care workers and their families. Ethel Tungohan illuminates how the goals and desires of migrant care worker activists goes beyond political considerations like policy changes and overturning power structures. Through practices of subversive friendships and being there for each other, care activism acts as an extension of the daily work that caregivers do, oftentimes also instilling practices of resistance and critical hope among care workers. At the same time, the communities created by care activism help migrant caregivers survive and even thrive in the face of arduous working and living conditions and the pains surrounding family separation. As Tungohan shows, care activism also unifies caregivers to resist society's legal and economic devaluations of care and domestic work by reaffirming a belief that they, and what they do, are important and necessary. --Publisher's description

A Crusading Voice for the Mining West: How the Rossland Evening World Served Militant Workers at the Turn of the 20th Century - Verzuh, Ron (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The Rossland Evening World, a four-page daily dedicated to the mineworkers of British Columbia's bustling West Kootenay mining town of Rossland, first appeared on May Day 1901 – just in time to do battle with local mine owners in the historic 1900–01 miners' strike. The World may have owed its existence in part to William "Big Bill" Haywood, a founder of the militant Western Federation of Miners (wfm) and the Industrial Workers of the World. On visiting the town and the prospectors' camp in the 1890s, Haywood saw that Rossland would soon grow into a thriving Pacific Northwest mountain community with a steady increase in wfm membership. He encouraged the miners to form wfm Local 38, possibly the first wfm local in Canada, and soon a dozen Kootenay locals formed wfm District Association 6. A wfm grant followed to help launch the local and the new daily. Amid growing frustration with bad working conditions and mine owners' refusal to recognize the wfm, the World became a welcome sister to the wfm's Miners' Magazine, dedicating itself to "the Interests of Organized Labor." By the fall of 1900, the strike of 1,400 miners was on, and the World published news and analysis throughout the region. Ultimately the strike was lost, but the World carried on until 1904. As its legacy, it showed how a daily newspaper could help build community support and provide a defence for the local unionized workforce.
Keywords: 1901 strike; Big Bill Haywood; Kootenay; Rossland; Western Federation of Miners; Wobblies; grève de 1901; industrie minière; journalisme syndical; labour journalism; mining; réduction du temps de travail; shorter hours

Through the Back-Door: How Australia and Canada Use Working Holiday Programs to Fulfill Demands for Migrant Work Via Cultural Exchange - Vosko, Leah F. (Journal of Industrial Relations, 2023)
In Australia and Canada, working holidaymaking is rationalized on the basis of encouraging cultural exchange among youth. Yet, in both countries, there is mounting evidence that working holiday programs are operating as back-door migrant work programs to help fill demands for labor in occupations and industries characterized by precarious jobs undesirable to locals. As scholarship on working holidaymakers’ labor market participation is more developed in Australia than in Canada, and administrative data available are also more extensive therein, this article sheds new light on the Canadian case vis-à-vis the Australian example. In exploring regulatory strategies adopted by these two settler states and their effects, comparative analysis of administrative data and historical and contemporary immigration and labor and employment laws and policies reveals how nationally specific program design can foster similar ends: precariousness among participants in the industries in which working holidaymakers are concentrated, including agriculture, tourism, and accommodation and food services. It also shows that stratification between working holidaymakers more closely approximating the image of the “cultural sojourner” and those who are effectively migrating for work purposes takes shape principally along the lines of source country in both countries.

Transnational Employment Strain in a Global Health Pandemic: Migrant Farmworkers in Canada - Vosko, Leah F.; Basok, Tanya; Spring, Cynthia (Palgrave pivot, 2023)
The 2020-22 COVID-19 pandemic reinforced inequalities between the global North and South, amplifying pre-existing disparities between migrant and citizen/permanent resident workers in receiving and sending states worldwide. In contexts such as Canada, it also underscored that many workers in occupations and sectors deemed “essential” enough to be exempt from stay-at-home orders and other public safety measures are migrants, a sizeable number of whom sustain Canada’s food supply through their work in its agricultural industry. This book explores the dynamics behind the pandemic’s deleterious outcomes for this vital group of workers, highlighting migrant farmworkers importance to the Canadian economy, society, and the world of work alongside the conditions they endured before and during the global health pandemic through policy and media analysis and open-ended interviews with workers enrolled in two streams of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) as well as migrants without legal status employed in agriculture located in Ontario and Quebec. Advancing the notion of transnational employment strain, the authors derive insight from the employment strain model, a framework for understanding risks to the physical and psychological well-being of workers, and expand it to account for migrants’ relationships across transnational space. --Publisher's description
Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-2023 Economic aspects Canada; Canada; Economics; Influence (Literary, artistic, etc.); Migrant agricultural laborers; Migrant agricultural laborers Canada; Migrant agricultural laborers Government policy; Migrant agricultural laborers Government policy Canada; Pandémie de COVID-19, 2020-2023 Aspect économique Canada; Since 2020; Travailleurs agricoles migrants Canada; Travailleurs agricoles migrants Politique gouvernementale Canada

Le capital algorithmique. Accumulation, pouvoir et résistances à l’ère de l’intelligence artificielle - Vultur, Mircea (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Le capital algorithmique. Accumulation, pouvoir et résistances à l’ère de l’intelligence artificielle," by Jonathan Durand Folco and Jonathan Martineau.

Labour and the Law in Canada, an Essay by Maurice Spector - Wentzell, Tyler (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
Introduces Spector's essay on labour law, written from a Marxist perspective while he was attending Osgoode Hall law school in the early 1930s. Provides biographical background on Spector, a former Communist who became a leading Canadian Trotskyist. He briefly practiced law in Toronto before moving to New York in the later 1930s.

Reckoning with Racism: Police, Judges and the RDS Case - Whitehead, Robin (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Reckoning with Racism: Police, Judges and the RDS Case," by Constance Backhouse.

Enabling Settler Citizens: Disability, Age, Public Health, and Settler Colonialism in Northern Ontario, 1876-1951 - Wiener, Leah (Simon Fraser University, 2023)
My dissertation analyzes the relationship between public health and settler colonialism, employing age and ability as key categories of analysis. I argue that settler colonialism and public health were constitutive of one another. Public health policy weaves together notions about land, race, labour, age, and ability, to structure and stratify societies. Public health relied on white supremacist tropes to justify the state's attempts to subjugate and dispossess the Anishinaabeg in Northern Ontario. The idea of a "public" was critical and contested in the intersection of policy and the emerging social science of public health. Settler standards of public imagined a "public" that was white, male, middle-class, and adult, with a body that could be made healthy through individual effort. Settler ideas about Indigenous Peoples shaped the "public" as a racialized and age-stratified concept in Canadian public health and health policy. In this dissertation, I seek to highlight how material and symbolic age, and material and symbolic children, figured in settler-colonial processes of state formation in the context of public health policies. I examine how bureaucrats and institutions in the public and voluntary sectors constructed and portrayed Indigenous and settler health, measuring each against a middle-class standard of "public" health. To do this, I set forth four interconnected arguments. First, settler colonialism and settler public health policy were mutually constitutive. Second, disability existed alongside and entangled with age as a key framing for settler public health policies. Third, these public health policies drew from a bifurcated notion of the "public," resulting in policies focused on protection and surveillance based on racialized lines. Finally, these framings of disability, age, and the "public" had clear material impacts in Northern Ontario's settler-colonial context, enabling settlement while dispossessing Indigenous Peoples.

Comparing Public Secondary Teachers in Ontario with Different Labour Contracts in a Time of Crisis - Wilkin, Andrew (McMaster University, 2023)
This dissertation compares the work and life of secondary public-school teachers in Ontario with different labour contracts during a time of crisis. The COVID public health crisis along with neoliberalism, the defunding of public education, and a climate crisis have all influenced governmental policies and the labour process of public secondary teachers in Ontario. The influences that different contracts can have on the labour process of teachers, how they feel towards their union, and the impacts on their individual health and household wellbeing before and during the first year of the COVID pandemic is the focus of this dissertation. To help explore these contexts and the influences on the life and labour of public secondary teachers in Ontario with different contracts, I have used research from studies in Labour Process Theory, precarious work, and educational labour to inform my analysis. Along with those areas of discourse, I have also used insights from research into Critical Realism and Thematic Analysis to think through and discuss the differences between the teachers I interviewed and connect their experiences with work, their union, and their individual health and household well-being to larger systems, structures, and histories. The interviews conducted revealed three points of interest: that precarious labour contracts can function as a disciplinary device, that larger contexts outside the contract shaped how the contract was experienced, and that teachers’ unions can act as a source of solidarity and security during a crisis and when there are certain associations with its purpose. This exploratory research aims to open up future areas of research into educational labour and differences between the experiences of educators with different contracts.

Denison Avenue - Wong, Christina (ECW Press, 2023)
Bringing together ink artwork and fiction, Denison Avenue by Daniel Innes (illustrations) and Christina Wong (text) follows the elderly Wong Cho Sum, who, living in Toronto’s gentrifying Chinatown–Kensington Market, begins to collect bottles and cans after the sudden loss of her husband as a way to fill her days and keep grief and loneliness at bay. In her long walks around the city, Cho Sum meets new friends, confronts classism and racism, and learns how to build a life as a widow in a neighborhood that is being destroyed and rebuilt, leaving elders like her behind. A poignant meditation on loss, aging, gentrification, and the barriers that Chinese Canadian seniors experience in big cities, Denison Avenue beautifully combines visual art, fiction, and the endangered Toisan dialect to create a book that is truly unforgettable. --Publisher's description

White Space: Race, Privilege, and Cultural Economies of the Okanagan Valley - Yakashiro, Nicole (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "White Space: Race, Privilege, and Cultural Economies of the Okanagan Valley," edited by Daniel J. Keyes and Luís L.M. Aguiar.

Football in the Land of the Soviets - Zohn, Yacov (Labour / Le Travail, 2023)
The article reviews the book, "Football in the Land of the Soviets," by Carles Viñas.

Unionization in Canada, 1981 to 2022 - Morisette, René (Economic and Social Reports, 2022)
The Canadian labour market has experienced numerous changes over the last four decades. Employment has moved away from manufacturing and towards service sector jobs. Technological changes have brought computer-based technologies and, more recently, robotics and artificial intelligence to the workplace. World prices of oil and natural resources have fluctuated considerably. International trade with China and other emerging countries has risen. E-commerce has become a growing part of firms’ sales. Since March 2020, work arrangements have been altered substantially, with thousands of employees starting to work from home. In this context, how have unionization rates evolved in Canada? The goal of this note is to answer this question. --Introduction

Ford, CUPE, Class Struggle and the Charter - Glasbeek, Harry (Canadian Dimension, 2022)
Doug Ford’s use of notwithstanding thus becomes a declaration that he is engaged in class war. The legal niceties do not matter. He has unleashed a weapon of mass destruction. The right response is for CUPE, and all those who want to support them, to fight the fight in the same spirit. It is time to show the dominant class that without workers, they would not have anything.

Using Trade Preferences to Raise Labour Standards and Protect Human Rights - Kwan, Elizabeth (Monitor, 2022)
Canada’s trade preference programs should be improved to raise living standards and improve working conditions and environmental policies

No one benefits from a two-tiered university professoriate - Atkinson, Larissa (Monitor, 2022)
For many Canadians, a professor is a professor. The truth is that the professional and economic conditions of full-time tenured and tenure-track faculty and contracted instructors are drastically different.

A City Divided - Zelniker, Rachel (CBC, 2022)
In 1992, a labour dispute that would last 18 months tore Yellowknife apart, culminating in an explosion that killed nine miners. The fallout of one of Canada’s largest mass murders still lingers in this northern city.

We Need to Talk About 1907 - West, Róisín (Monitor, 2022)
One hundred and fifteen years ago this September, downtown Vancouver was beset by thousands of protesters rallying against Asian immigration to Canada. Over the course of the event, moods shifted and the crowd turned violent. While the reasons for the gathering in Vancouver then and the ongoing “Freedom Convoy” today differ, there are similarities and lessons to be learned. It may seem an odd choice to study a painful chapter of Canada’s history in an already-too painful moment. However, historian Barrington Walker offers insight into its importance. “It’s not about just digging up unpleasant stories about Canada; it’s about challenging a certain notion of our historical innocence.” ...The 1907 riots did not occur in a vacuum. They were the result of years of building tension exacerbated by an economic downturn in 1907. After years of financial boom, the global demand for British Columbia’s resources slowed and unemployment reached record high levels. “Workers and politicians were looking for someone to blame,” explains historian Julie Gilmour, “and ‘cheap [Asian] labour’ had become a regular target.” --From introduction

The New Brunswick Worker in the 20th Century: A Reader's Guide (Labour History in New Brunswick, 2022)
List of labour-themed theses, including abstracts, that were mostly written by MA students at the University of New Brunswick.

International Labour and Radical History Pamphlet Collection - Memorial University (2022)
The International Labour and Radical History Pamphlet Collection in the Queen Elizabeth II Library consists of more than 2200 pamphlets, representing a broad spectrum of leftist opinion that includes communists of various stripes, socialists, liberal reformers, trade unionists, civil libertarians and antiwar activists. Published for the most part between the years 1920 and 1970 (the collection also includes a number of Fabian Society publications that predate this period), the majority of the pamphlets are English-language publications from the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, Canada and China. Among the topics and issues dealt with are socialist theory and practice, critiques of capitalism, war and peace, labour and the role of unions, international communism, the Vietnam war, racism and Third World liberation. Authors include Daniel DeLeon, Earl Browder, William Z Foster, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Georgi Dimitrov, James Cannon, Howard Fast, Anna Louise Strong, Paul Robeson, Harry Pollitt, Jacques Duclos, Vyacheslav Molotov, Sergei Eisenstein, as well as Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin and Mao. Canadian authors include Stewart Smith, Stanley Ryerson, William Kashtan, Dorise Nielsen, Jacob Penner, Sam Carr and Leslie Morris. However, the most significant of the Canadian titles are more than 60 works written by Tim Buck, representing a significant proportion of the writings (many of them scarce, uncommon or rare) of the longtime General Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada. --Website description

The Warehouse: Workers and Robots at Amazon - Abdelbaki, Rawan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Warehouse: Workers and Robots at Amazon," by Alessandro Delfanti.

Working in Canada: A Sociological Exploration - Adams, Tracey Lynn (Oxford University Press, 2022)
Canada's student body is diverse and the transition from student to worker is often challenging. Working in Canada's intersectional and practical approach to work draws connections between sociological theory and examples to students lived and work experiences to help students better understand the workforce they will soon enter. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: Canada; Travail Aspect social Canada; Work Social aspects; Work Social aspects Canada

The Status of Migrant Farm Workers in Canada, 2022: Special COVID-19 Report - Agriculture Workers' Alliance; United Food and Commercial Workers Canada (UFCW Canada & Agriculture Workers' Alliance, 2022)
UFCW Canada has helped protect agricultural workers’ rights and has enforced their entitlements while advocating for changes to the laws, which still contribute to worker vulnerability and employment insecurity. Agriculture is an essential pillar of the Canadian economy. The agriculture and agri-food manufacturing sector contributed $143 billion to Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018, accounting for 7.4% of total GDP. Agriculture industries, meanwhile, contributed $32.3 billion.1 Agricultural workers are essential food workers. They feed our communities. However, our society tends to hide their vital contribution to securing our food supply, deeming them low-skilled workers. Nonetheless, these women and men who farm the land possess a valuable and unique skillset that few others have. Yet, because they are considered low-skilled, they are frequently subjected to terrible working conditions and pay. Through its Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP), the federal government has built an employer-demand-driven and employer-oriented program. It has been designed to support and facilitate employers’ needs while migrant workers and their labour organizations are excluded. Without the workers’ participation in the policies and regulations, the employer holds all the power and control. --From Executive Summary

“You Appear Silent to People Who Are Deaf to What You Say”: Solidarity, Schisms, and Alterity in Immigrant Women’s Political Organizing in Toronto, 1970s-1990s - Aguiar, Julia Elizabeth (Queen's University, 2022)
This thesis considers the connections between the increased migration of racialized women to Canada and the ascendancy of social movements in Toronto from the 1970s to the 1990s. In the mid-1970s, there was a surge of grassroots organizations founded by and for immigrant women in Toronto. They were established to address the distinct needs and experiences of immigrant women where government and preexisting, decidedly hypermasculine, ethnocultural organizations did not. This thesis argues that these organizations, and the individuals associated with them, were fundamentally political. In situating these organizations within the broader progressive political landscape of Toronto, this thesis elucidates the ways in which immigrant women’s political organizing challenged and transformed dominant social movements. In particular, immigrant women’s fraught relationship to the mainstream women’s movement in Toronto is closely examined. I argue that immigrant women organized both within and without the Toronto women’s movement. In their relationship to the women’s movement, immigrant women contested the limited perspective of white feminism by drawing closer attention to class and race. This was most evident within immigrant women’s organizing for reproductive freedom. Additionally, immigrant women organizer’s relationship to the Canadian state is analyzed as a site of struggle which dialectically constrained and sustained their activism. Because immigrant women worked in higher numbers than their Canadian counterparts and often in exploitative sectors, labour became a central issue within their activism. Through their labour organizing, immigrant women forged important alliances with the labour movement. This thesis also attends to the uneven racialization of immigrant women which informed their activism. Immigrant women’s activism offered alternative perspectives and methods of organizing which did not conform to dominant ones. By taking a relational rather than assimilationist or pluralistic approach to the relationship between immigrant women’s organizing and broader social movements, a fuller, more nuanced portrait of the intersections between immigration, gender, race, and social movements can emerge.

In Search of Penal Labour Citizenship: Prisoner-Workers Organize for Labour Rights in Canada - Aguiar, Luis; Marten, Tina; Noiseux, Yanick (Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes, 2022)
Do Canadian federal prison-workers have a right to unionize? This key question is investigated in a case study approach to an attempt, by prison-workers, to organize a union in a Canadian federal penitentiary in British Columbia. The authors analyze prisoner-workers penal labour citizenship position via-a-vis the State’s conceptualization of prison-workers as non-employees and difficulties in finding the appropriate Canadian jurisdiction to hear their case.
Keywords: Canadian prisons; carceral state; citizenship; incarceration; prison labour; prison workers; prisons

Arc of the Journeyman: Afghan Migrants in England - Akbary, S. Hamid (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Arc of the Journeyman: Afghan Migrants in England," by Nichola Khan.
Keywords: AFGHAN refugees; ARC of the Journeyman: Afghan Migrants in England (Book); KHAN, Nichola; NONFICTION

Craft Capitalism: Labour and the Narratives of Artisanal Production - Anderson, Benjamin (Simon Fraser University, 2022)
In the last decade, considerable attention has been paid to the category of craft. Within the disciplines, particularly in sociology and art theory, scholars like Richard Sennett, Susan Luckman, and Glenn Adamson have attempted to define, theorize and delineate the history of craft and its influence in contemporary capitalist culture. Popularly, books and television shows feature the work of makers and craftspeople, their popularity compounded by online crafting communities like Etsy. For all of this attention, considerably less has been paid to the labour that creates the craft products to begin with. This dissertation interrogates the category of craft from a critical labour studies perspective, first by analyzing its labour process, and, second, by amplifying the voices of workers in these industries in order to reflect the conditions they face, their attitudes about craft, and their reflections on class and organizing. In order to accomplish both, the dissertation reports on participant interviews and critically examines cultural artifacts concerning so-called making (typically understood as amateur or semi-professional small-scale production) and craft industrialism (used to define scalable industries that use craft branding and terminology). Its key case studies are making/makerspaces and craft brewing in the Cascadia region of North America, although it also visits the roasteries, bike shops, and bakeries that make up some of the other primary sites of the artisanal economy. This dissertation makes four primary contributions to the critical study of craft. First, it reorients the common approaches to craft, which either prioritize craft objects or individual maker activity. By redirecting attention to the social process of production, it avoids the object-orientation of many approaches as well as the maker-as-virtuoso narratives of popular accounts. By focusing on the social dynamics of craft, the dissertation transcends the singular craftsperson to make its second contribution: the reconceptualization of skill as social category rather than individual attribute. This social approach to skill paves the way toward the dissertation's third contribution: a dialectical consideration of the craftworker as distinct from but intrinsically related to the craftsperson. Analysis of cultural artifacts and discussions with workers highlighted the dependency of craftsmanship and support work. Finally, the dissertation distills maker and worker attitudes into a set of observations regarding the maker movement's narratives of emancipation through self-directed work as well as the potential of solidarity in craft industries.

Cobalt: Cradle of the Demon Metals, Birth of a Mining Superpower - Angus, Charlie (House of Anansi Press, 2022)
The world is desperate for cobalt. It fuels the digital economy and powers everything from cell phones to clean energy. But this 'demon metal,' this 'blood mineral,' has a horrific present and troubled history. Then there is the town in northern Canada, also called Cobalt. It created a model of resource extraction a hundred years ago--theft of Indigenous lands, rape of the earth, exploitation of workers, enormous wealth generation--that has made Toronto the mining capital of the world and given the mining industry a blueprint for resource extraction that has been exported everywhere. Charlie Angus unearths the history of the town and shows how it contributed to Canada's mining dominance. He connects the town to present-day Congo, with its cobalt production and misery, to horrendous mining practices in South America and demonstrates that global mining is as Canadian as hockey. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: Canada; Cobalt (Ont.) History; Cobalt mines and mining; History; Mineral industries; Mineral industries Canada; Mineral industries Ontario Cobalt History; Mines Industrie Canada; Ontario Cobalt

L’analyse des usages de technologies digitales dédiées à la synchronisation : intérêts pour l’étude d’une transformation organisationnelle dans l’ingénierie de conception automobile - Bachellerie, Camille; Gaudart, Corinne; Petit, Johann (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
L’industrie automobile française s’est familiarisée depuis plusieurs décennies à l’usage des technologies digitales afin de réaliser ses projets de conception. Ceux-ci servent notamment à organiser l’activité collective lors d’un projet au sein d’équipes pluridisciplinaires et pluriterritoriales. En parallèle, pour innover au sein d’un marché concurrentiel mondial, ce secteur adopte des organisations de projets visant à raccourcir les délais de conception des véhicules. Cela invite à interroger l’activité de synchronisation individuelle et collective de ces acteurs de la conception à travers les usages organisationnels de ces technologies digitales. En s’appuyant sur des données issues d’une recherche en ergonomie, cet article éclaire les usages organisationnels des technologies digitales dans l’ingénierie de conception automobile, mais également la manière dont l’analyse de ces usages constitue une opportunité pour réinterroger les formes d’organisation du travail dans lesquelles des technologies digitales sont déployées.
Keywords: Organisation en projets; flexibilisation; travail collectif; équipes distribuées et virtuelles

Réforme du régime de prévention en SST au Québec : analyse critique, sensible au genre et aux autres sources d’inégalités - Baril-Gingras, Geneviève; Cox, Rachel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Nous examinons le potentiel et les conditions de l’efficacité de dispositions clés de la réforme du régime québécois de prévention introduite par la Loi modernisant le régime de santé et de sécurité du travail (LMRSST) en septembre 2021. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons la typologie en deux axes proposée par Tucker (2007) afin de caractériser la citoyenneté au travail en SST, et ce, dans une version renouvelée par une perspective sensible au genre et autres sources d’inégalités. D’une part, nous traitons des changements à la participation représentative, à l’influence des travailleur.euse.s et au contrôle interne, ajoutant l’examen de la protection de toutes les personnes au travail (sans égard à leur statut d’emploi) et de la responsabilisation le long des chaînes de valeur. D’autre part, nous traitons du contrôle externe et proposons de tenir compte de la couverture des risques souvent invisibilisés du travail des femmes. Le projet de loi initial reproduisait cette sous-estimation de certains types de risques. Devant l’opposition, l’adoption de dispositions clé a été reportée et un régime intérimaire établi. La LMRSST permettra, à terme, la couverture de l’ensemble des secteurs d’activité par des mécanismes de prévention (contrôle interne) et de participation représentative des travailleur.euse.s; au prix cependant d’un risque de conformité formelle plutôt que réelle quant au contrôle interne, un niveau variable d’influence des travailleur.euse.s et de l’affaiblissement de plusieurs conditions d’efficacité des mécanismes de participation. On peut anticiper des obstacles à l’exercice de leurs droits par les travailleur.euse.s non syndiqués et des petits établissement. Le Réseau de santé publique n’a plus un accès systématique aux établissements et on ne sait rien sur les ressources dont celui-ci comme l’inspectorat disposeront. Il reste à voir dans quelle mesure les travaux réglementaires paritaires à venir apporteront des avancées en prévention et en même temps, renforceront plutôt que d’affaiblir la citoyenneté au travail.
Keywords: Agences de placement de personnel; Citizenship at work; Citoyenneté au travail; Droit du travail; Employment agencies; Femmes au travail; Gender; Genre; Inégalités sociales de santé; Labour law; Occupational hazards; Occupational health and safety; Prevention regime; Risques du travail; Régime de prévention; Santé et sécurité du travail; Social inequalities in health; Women at work

Worker Rights in the Gig Economy: Ensuring Equal Employment Standards Protections for All Workers - BC (British Columbia) Federation of Labour (BC Federation of Labour, 2022)
Misclassification — when employers label their employees as "independent contractors" — is the single biggest reason precarious work is precarious. That’s been a long‑standing issue, but it's increasingly widespread with the rise of the so-called gig economy and the boom in app-based work. Misclassification drives up corporate profits by denying workers basic employment, health and safety protections. And it costs all of us, because it means there's less government revenue to support critical social services. Learn more about worker rights in the gig economy in our latest report on precarious work. --Summary at bcfed.ca/precariouswork

Les Unions, qu'ossa donne? - Béland, Renaud (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the documentary, "Les Unions, qu'ossa donne?," written and directed by Hélène Choquette, in association with La bille bleue inc. production company.

Voices of Guinness: An Oral History of the Park Royal Brewery - Bellamy, Matthew J. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Voices of Guinness: An Oral History of the Park Royal Brewery," by Tim Strangleman.
Keywords: ARTHUR Guinness & Sons PLC; DIAGEO PLC; GUINNESS PLC; NONFICTION; STRANGLEMAN, Tim; VOICES of Guinness: An Oral History of the Park Royal Brewery (Book)

Harassment and Violence in Canadian Workplaces: It’s [Not] Part of the Job - Berlingieri, Adriana; MacQuarrie, Barbara J.; Bigras-Dutrisac, Hélène; Welsh, Sandy (Western University, Centre for Research & Education on Violence Against Women & Children, 2022)
The Centre for Research & Education on Violence Against Women & Children at Western University, together with researchers at the University of Toronto and the Canadian Labour Congress launched a bilingual, national survey on workplace harassment and violence in Fall 2020. Closing in Spring 2021, thousands of workers across Canada completed the survey and a significant number volunteered to participate in in-depth interviews. The results of this research shed light on the prevalence of different forms of harassment and violence in the workplace, including how workers who are marginalized due to their social location and/or their precarious employment status are uniquely impacted. --Website description

L’histoire du syndicalisme au québec - Bernatchez, Jean-Claude (Revue internationale sur le travail et la société, 2022)
À l'instar d'autres régions du monde, les travailleurs québécois ont évolué en contexte de relative pauvreté depuis leur arrivée en terre d'Amérique au début du 18e siècle jusqu'à la révolution tranquille de 1960. D’une certaine façon, le syndicalisme a contribué à leur enrichissement élargissant à la négociation collective. Le Québec compte des syndicats nationaux et internationaux c’est-à-dire américains qui regroupent environ 60% de l’ensemble des syndiqués québécois. Le Québec est actuellement l’État le plus syndiqué en Amérique du Nord à cause de sa grande pénétration dans le secteur public de l’économie.

Conflits et droit du travail: La mobilité provinciale des travailleurs de la construction au Québec - Bilodeau, Pier-Luc (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Au Québec, les relations du travail dans l'industrie de la construction font l'objet, depuis 1968, d'un encadrement spécifique en marge du Code du travail. L'adoption et l'originalité de ce régime, qui prévoit un éventail de règles visant les rapports collectifs du travail, mais aussi l'emploi des travailleurs de la construction, sont souvent expliquées par les rivalités intersyndicales qui ont marqué le secteur depuis les années 1960. L'objectif du texte est de montrer que la mobilité provinciale des travailleurs de la construction constitue, au Québec, une source de conflits au travail qui, bien que pouvant mettre en présence des organisations syndicales rivales, doit néanmoins être distinguée de ces rivalités naissant du pluralisme syndical. Pour ce faire, après avoir mis en évidence certaines caractéristiques industrielles et économiques de la construction québécoise, nous proposons une analyse de l'évolution du cadre législatif et réglementaire applicable à l'emploi dans ce secteur, en portant une attention particulière aux conflits et manifestations qui l'ont marqué.
Keywords: CONSTRUCTION industry; EMPLOYMENT; LABOR laws; LABOR mobility; LABOR unions; QUEBEC (Province); Québec; conflicts; conflits; construction industry; droit du travail et de l'emploi; emploi; employment; employment and labour law; industrie de la construction; labour mobility; mobilité de la main-d'oeuvre; syndicalisme; trade unionism

Boom Kids: Growing Up in the Calgary Suburbs, 1950–1970 - Blair, Megan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Boom Kids: Growing Up in the Calgary Suburbs, 1950–1970," by James A. Onusko.
Keywords: BOOM Kids: Growing up in the Calgary Suburbs, 1950-1970. (Book); CALGARY (Alta.); NONFICTION; ONUSKO, James A.; SUBURBS

One Step Forward - Block, Sheila; Galabuzi, Grace-Edward (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, Ontario Office, 2022)
This report examines the impact of increasing Ontario's minimum wage to $14 per hour in 2018. Despite dire predictions that increasing minimum wage would eliminate jobs, employment actually increased in the period after the change. The study, funded by the Canadian Race Relations Foundation (CRRF), also found racialized workers, especially women, benefitted from the minmum wage increase, largely due to the gendered and racialized nature of low-wage work. Employment in almost all industries with lower-than-average wages increased.

Éprouver la dualité des technologies digitales en croisant les regards disciplinaires / Cross-disciplinary perspectives on the duality of digital technologies - Bobillier Chaumon, Marc-Eric; Delgoulet, Catherine; Greenan, Nathalie; Lemonie, Yannick; Warhurst, Chris (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
L’ambition de ce numéro thématique est dès lors de croiser les perspectives disciplinaires pour éprouver la dualité des technologies digitales : en quoi jouent-elles comme des opportunités ou des contraintes pour le travail et l’activité professionnelle ? Plus précisément, nous proposons d’examiner dans quelle mesure et à quelles conditions ces dispositifs techniques vont être bénéfiques aux individus, en étant des sources de développement de l’activité et de renouvellement des métiers et des compétences. Il s’agit aussi d’explorer comment, a contrario, la mise en place de tels outils peut dégrader les activités, altérer les composantes du métier, fragiliser les collectifs de travail, les parcours et les connaissances professionnels, et impacter la santé des salariés. / The aim of this thematic special issue is to draw on cross disciplinary perspectives to better understand the duality of digital technologies: how do they act as opportunities and/or constraints for work and workers. More specifically, we examine to what extent and under what conditions the new technologies can be beneficial to individuals by being sources of activity development and renewal of occupations and skills. We also explore how the implementation of such tools can be detrimental to these activities, alter aspects of occupations, weaken work ties, career paths and occupational knowledge as well as impact the health of employees. --from Introduction

Certifying Justice? Migrant Farmworker Precarity and the Role of Ethical Certification in US and Canadian Agriculture - Borrelli, Erika; Olinto, Berti (Working Papers Series, 2022)
Migrant labour has become indispensable in North America and Europe for the functioning of the agrifood sector. However, unfair labour mobility regimes and the structures of opaque agrifood supply chains thrust migrant farmworkers into an industry rife with inequitable employment conditions, limited regulatory protection measures, and suboptimal living conditions. Over the last 30 years, several certification initiatives have been introduced to engage governments, farmers, retailers, nongovernmental organizations, and consumers in providing new avenues for improving migrant labour conditions in the sector. Certification programs have become an effective strategy to tackle issues related to labour exploitation. In some cases, these programs have led to the creation of communities and workers’ coalitions, thus facilitating spaces for conversations surrounding policy changes and temporary-program restructuring to make conditions fairer to migrant, racialized, and indigenous workers. The purpose of this paper is to review some of these good practices and to identify the necessary conditions in an effort to develop an operational framework for a Fair Farm Work certification initiative in Canada. This Fair Farm Work initiative is focused on exploring the potential of coalitions and partnerships between employers, workers, distribution chains, and policy makers to develop a certification scheme that helps improve migrant workers’ employment conditions in Canada’s agrifood sector. Our analysis shows that the success of certifications relies on the incorporation of worker-driven models and the inclusion of elements such as third-party audits, rigorous standards, clear enforcement strategies, worker education, clear food-labelling strategies, and community engagement to raise awareness and render these efforts visible to consumers. While migrant workers’ participation is pivotal in implementing certifications, retailers’ participation is a powerful incentive to garner support from other stakeholders and to harness consumer power through Corporate Social Responsibility mandates and engagement campaigns.

Les transformations contemporaines du rapport au travail - Boucher, Marie-Pierre (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Les transformations contemporaines du rapport au travail," edited by Daniel Mercure.

What's New about Social Reproduction? - Braedley, Susan; McWhinney, Tara (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews and comments on several books including "Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression," edited by Tithi Bhattacharya, "Social Reproduction and the City: Welfare Reform, Child Care, and Resistance in Neoliberal New York," by Simon Black, "Women and Work: Feminism, Labour and Social Reproduction," by Susan Ferguson, and "Social Reproduction Theory and the Socialist Horizon: Work, Power and Political Strategy," by Aaron Jaffe.
Keywords: BHATTACHARYA, Tithi; BLACK, Simon; FERGUSON, Susan; NONFICTION; SOCIAL Reproduction & the City: Welfare Reform, Child Care & Resistance in Neoliberal New York (Book); SOCIAL Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression (Book); SOCIAL reproduction; WOMEN & Work: Feminism, Labour & Social Reproduction (Book)

Tremors of Discontent: My Life in Print 1970-1988 - Buhle, Paul (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Tremors of Discontent: My Life in Print 1970-1988," by Mike Richardson.
Keywords: MEMOIRS; NONFICTION; RICHARDSON, Mike; TREMORS of Discontent: My Life in Print 1970-1988 (Book)

Precarious Work and the Union Advantage: Paradoxical Findings from Niagara - Butovsky, Jonah; Savage, Larry (Journal of Labor and Society, 2022)
Given the documented advantages of unionization, why don’t more workers support, let alone join, unions? This article presents findings from the Poverty and Employment Precarity in Niagara (PEPiN) study as they relate to precarious work and the union advantage. While precariously-employed workers in Canada’s Niagara Region enjoyed a demonstrable union advantage and were much more likely than other categories of workers to indicate support for unionization, a clear majority of precarious workers still expressed opposition to unionization. The article considers some of possible reasons for these seemingly paradoxical findings through a case study of recent workplace struggles in Niagara.
Keywords: Niagara; anti-unionism; precarity; union advantage; union avoidance; unions

Newly Available Archival Records at Library and Archives Canada - Campbell, Dalton (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Describes additions of private archives to the Library and Archives Canada labour collection including personal fonds of Ollie Borg, Max Federman, Ian Reilly, Bonnie Robichaud, and Margot Trevelyan (the latter includes an unpublished biography of labour leader Madeleine Parent). The newly available union fonds include Brotherhood of Railway Carmen, Canadian Paperworkers Union, Canadian Union of Educational Workers, Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians, and United Food and Commercial Workers International Union. Records added to established fonds include Canadian Autoworkers/National Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers Union, Canadian Brotherhood of Railway, Transport and General Workers, and Canadian Food and Allied Workers.

Forty Canoes of Women: The Lives and Legacy of the Algonquian Women of 17th-Century New France - Campbell, J. Peter (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
There has been an increasing tendency in recent decades to characterize North American Indigenous peoples as "people of the corn" living in permanent or semi-permanent settlements. This approach focuses on matrilineal, agricultural societies in which women play a central role in the economy and the organization of domestic life. Iroquoian women have been at the heart of this approach, while Algonquian women from patrilineal, hunter-gatherer societies remain in the shadows of the men who continue to be perceived as the main providers. In reality, on both the land and the water, the "nomadic" way of life of the people of the forest was anchored in the courage, strength, and endurance of Algonquian women providers.
Keywords: Algonquians; Algonquines et Algonquins; Indigenous peoples; Iroquoians; Iroquoiennes et Iroquoiens; canoes; canoës; chasseurs et chasseuses; femmes; hunters; peuples autochtones; pourvoyeurs et pourvoyeuses; providers; women

Wounded Feelings: Litigating Emotions in Quebec, 1870–1950 - Campbell, Lyndsay (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Wounded Feelings: Litigating Emotions in Quebec, 1870–1950," by Eric H. Reiter.

Mapping Canada's Employment Standards - Canadian Labour Congress (Canadian Labour Congress, 2022)
In Canada, employment standards are regulated by individual provinces and territories. Know your rights by checking out our handy employment standards map and comprehensive report on labour standards across the country.

Le no code et les effets organisationnels de la démocratisation logicielle : du mythe aux pratiques - Canivenc, Suzy (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Cet article s’intéresse au mouvement no code, qui connaît actuellement un fort engouement, et à ses impacts sur les activités professionnelles et l’organisation du travail. À contre-courant des approches déterministes postulant une relation unidirectionnelle entre objets techniques et formes organisationnelles, nous proposons d’adopter un cadre d’analyse co-évolutionniste où ces dimensions s’influencent réciproquement selon des boucles récursives continues. À partir d’une recherche exploratoire menée dans une entreprise de conseil en transformation numérique, nous tenterons d’exposer ce mouvement co-évolutionniste et, à travers lui, les opportunités et contraintes dont sont porteurs ces outils en milieu professionnel. Ces constats nous permettront de nuancer les discours utopistes qui accompagnent le développement de ces technologies, mais également d’apporter davantage de précisions au sujet des conditions à réunir pour assurer leur implantation durable.
Keywords: Plateformes no code; co-evolution; co-évolution; digital democratization; démocratisation numérique; déterminisme technique; impacts organisationnels; no code platforms; organizational impacts; technical determinism

Iroquois in the West - Carleton, Sean (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Iroquois in the West," by Jean Barman.

Canadian Petroleum History Bibliography - Cass, Doug (Petroleum History Society, 2022)
This bibliography was created over several years as an aid to a variety of PHS projects as well as my work at the Glenbow Archives. It aims to include all publications and audiovisual products from the Social Sciences and Humanities. Most government documents are excluded as they are accessible through Library and Archives Canada. --Introduction

Accompagner le déploiement d’une nouvelle technologie par la prise en compte des risques et des opportunités - Chahir, Mehdi; Bordel, Stéphanie; Somat, Alain (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Malgré une expérience de plus de 50 ans depuis l’apparition des nouvelles technologies (Govaere, 2002) et une littérature scientifique et pratique sur le sujet (e.g., guides de bonnes pratiques, formation professionnelle, etc.) qui peut être qualifiée de pléthorique (Denancé, 2017), de nombreuses études indiquent que les organisations rencontrent des difficultés internes dans leurs projets de déploiement (e.g., Garreau, 2019 ; Tranfield & Braganza, 2007). L’objectif de cet article est de contribuer aux travaux sur l’accompagnement du déploiement des technologies en présentant une méthode d’accompagnement visant à identifier les opportunités et les menaces provoquées par les technologies, notamment par le recours à l’analyse de l’activité et l’implication des professionnels concernés. Les premiers résultats de la mise en oeuvre de la démarche viennent confirmer son intérêt.
Keywords: Analyse de l’activité; Changement organisationnel; Nouvelles technologies; Systèmes de transport intelligent (STI-C)

Lettres à une Noire - Charron, Catherine (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Lettres à une Noire," by Françoise Ega.

Lockdowns and Telework: Psychological and Work-Related Consequences - Chênevert, Denis; Fournier, Pierre-Luc; Menvielle, Loïck; Bruneau, Julie; Jutras-Aswad, Didier; Bissonnette, Audrey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Restrictions implemented around the world to contain the spread of COVID-19 have had various consequences for workers. Emotional distress, maladaptive behaviours, and issues such as sleep disorders, irritability, and loss of motivation are expected, particularly among employees not used to telework. We wished to find out whether previous telework experience helped workers maintain their quality of life during the lockdown. Data were collected through an anonymous online survey of adult workers ≥ 18 years old in Canada, between May 25, 2020, and June 26, 2020. The survey was completed by 604 teleworkers, 66.8% of whom had not teleworked before the lockdown. The respondents provided self-reported data on sociodemographics, mental health issues, and quality of life. We assessed changes in quality of life by using paired t-tests and linear regression to identify significant determinants. Our analysis shows a decline during the lockdown in all quality of life indicators: stress, irritability, sleep quality, motivation, ability to undertake projects, and surfing the Internet without a specific goal (p < 0.001). The decline was mainly driven not by lack of previous telework experience but rather by a combination of three factors: having young children at home, having a high frequency of telework, and being a man.
Keywords: COVID-19; Confinement; Qualité de vie; Travail à distance; Télétravail; lockdown; quality of life; remote work; telework

« C'est le Québec qui est né dans mon pays! » : Carnet de rencontres, d'Ani Kuni à Kiuna - Clapperton-Richard, Adèle (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "« C'est le Québec qui est né dans mon pays! » : Carnet de rencontres, d'Ani Kuni à Kiuna," by Emanuelle Dufour.
Keywords: C'EST le Quebec qui ne est dans mon pays! Carnet de rencontres, d'Ani Kuni a Kiuna (Book); DUFOUR, Emanuelle; FIRST Nations of Canada; NONFICTION; QUEBEC (Province)

No Wood, No Kingdom: Political Ecology in the English Atlantic - Clifford, Jim (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "No Wood, No Kingdom: Political Ecology in the English Atlantic," by Keith Pluymers.

The Women's Movement, That Royal Commission, and Education - Coulter, Rebecca Priegert (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Provides background and discusses the proposals of the 1970 Royal Commission on the Status of Women with regard to education, including Indigenous women's education. Discusses responses to the report, which was mostly focused on improvements to state education of girls and women. Concludes with a consideration of the women's movement as a pedagogical site.
Keywords: CANADA; EDUCATION; FEMINISM; NATIONAL Action Committee on the Status of Women (Organization); ROYAL Commission on the Status of Women in Canada; TEACHERS' unions; WOMEN; WOMEN'S rights; WOMEN'S societies & clubs

L’innovation et l’économie sociale au coeur du modèle québécois - D’Amours, Martine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "L’innovation et l’économie sociale au coeur du modèle québécois. Entretiens avec Benoît Lévesque:," by Marie J. Bouchard.

Le downsizing en temps de COVID-19 : la difficile conciliation entre le social et l’économique. Le cas des survivants d’un établissement hôtelier en Tunisie - Dahmani, Amira; Gasmi, Zeineb (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment l’entreprise peut mettre en place une stratégie de downsizing socialement responsable en temps de COVID-19. Les résultats de l’étude qualitative, de nature exploratoire, menée au sein d’un établissement hôtelier en Tunisie révèlent une série de pratiques socialement responsables qui confère un caractère distinctif à la stratégie de downsizing déployée. Les conclusions soulignent que la mise en oeuvre d’un ensemble de mesures avant, au cours et après le downsizing permet de limiter ses dégâts psychologiques et ses effets pervers. Aussi, elles révèlent que la mobilisation de pratiques managériales bienveillantes, équitables et respectueuses de la dignité humaine, ainsi que l’adoption d’un agir éthique et juste rendent le downsizing socialement toléré.
Keywords: COVID-19; Downsizing socialement responsable; GRH socialement responsable; Socially responsible downsizing; benevolent management; management bienveillant; qualitative study; recherche qualitative; socially responsible HRM

Idéal champêtre ou enfer ouvrier? Démystifier la terre pour renforcer les droits des travailleurs agricoles - Dehaibi, Laura (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Cet article vise à exposer la persistance d'un discours romantique associé à l'agriculture et l'impact de cette image idéalisée de la terre sur la protection des travailleurs agricoles. Le portrait romantique de l'agriculture présente ce secteur économique comme étant fragile, capricieux, essentiel à la survivance humaine et intimement lié à la fois à la vie familiale et à la souveraineté nationale. Nous verrons que le mythe agricole est favorisé par la répétition d'un certain discours d'exceptionnalisme adopté tout au long de l'histoire occidentale dans la théorie et la pratique juridique et économique ainsi que dans la culture populaire et qu'il met l'accent sur la primauté de la propriété privée et la nécessité de protéger l'agriculture contre toute ingérence. Ce mythe cache toutefois la réalité des salariés agricoles tout en justifiant un traitement dérogatoire aux lois du travail. L'analyse du contexte législatif canadien contemporain en matière de protection des salariés agricoles démontrera la persistance du discours romantique en agriculture, véhiculé par de puissants lobbys agricoles et repris par les instances politiques, et son impact négatif sur les droits fondamentaux des travailleurs de la terre.
Keywords: agricultural trade; agriculture; commerce agricole; discrimination; droit du travail; droit international du travail; freedom of association; histoire du travail agricole; history of agricultural labour; international labour law; labour law; liberté d'association; migrant workers; travailleurs migrants

La régulation sociale du risque émotionnel au travail - Dickason, Rebecca (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This article reviews the book, "La régulation sociale du risque émotionnel au travail," by Thomas Bonnet, preface by Arnaud Mias.

'Fit for the Job': A Programmatic Inquiry on Style and Aesthetics in the Workplace - Dion, Frédéric (Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication, 2022)
This article showcases a few main points of the theoretical frame in organizational communication I have been working on for my doctoral research on the aesthetic notion of “style”. Maxwell (2013) in his book on qualitative research methodology proposes to initiate a research design by considering the personal motivations that push us to work in the direction we designate ourselves. For my part, the moment that triggered my scientific interest in style is concretely certain experiences that I had in the restaurant business where I worked for several years, those of a form of selection of workers that seemed to be operated on the level of aesthetics. I present a brief autoethnographic overview of those experiences, then turn to theoretical approaches potentially helpful in making sense of them.
Keywords: Autoethnography

Du diesel dans les veines, la saga des camionneurs du Nord - Duchesne, Jonathan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Du diesel dans les veines, la saga des camionneurs du Nord." by Serge Bouchard and Mark Fortier.
Keywords: BOUCHARD, Serge; DU diesel dans les veines, la saga des camionneurs du Nord (Book); FORTIER, Mark; NONFICTION; TRUCK drivers

Comment travailler ensemble? Défis de l’intergénération - Dufour, Marie-Eve (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This article reviews the book, "Comment travailler ensemble? Défis de l’intergénération," edited by Henri Savall and Véronique Zardet.

Harvesting Labour: Tobacco and the Global Making of Canada's Agricultural Workforce - Dunsworth, Edward (Rethinking Canada in the World, 2022)
In recent decades an increasing share of Canada’s agricultural workforce has been made up of temporary foreign workers from the Global South. These labourers work difficult and dangerous jobs with limited legal protections and are effectively barred from permanent settlement in Canada. In Harvesting Labour Edward Dunsworth examines the history of farm work in one of Canada’s underrecognized but most important crop sectors — Ontario tobacco. Dunsworth takes aim at the idea that temporary foreign worker programs emerged in response to labour shortages or the unwillingness of Canadians to work in agriculture. To the contrary, Ontario’s tobacco sector was extremely popular with workers for much of the twentieth century, with high wages attracting a diverse workforce and enabling thousands to establish themselves as small farm owners. By the end of the century, however, the sector had become something entirely different: a handful of mega-farms relying on foreign guest workers to produce their crops. Taking readers from the leafy fields of Ontario’s tobacco belt to rural Jamaica, Barbados, and North Carolina and on to the halls of government, Dunsworth demonstrates how the ultimate transformation of tobacco - and Canadian agriculture writ large - was fundamentally a function of the capitalist restructuring of farming. Harvesting Labour brings together the fields of labour, migration, and business history to reinterpret the historical origins of contemporary Canadian agriculture and its workforce. --Publisher's description

Working Class History: Everyday Acts of Resistance and Rebellion - Dunsworth, Edward (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Working Class History: Everyday Acts of Resistance and Rebellion," edited by Working Class History.
Keywords: NONFICTION; WORKING Class History: Everyday Acts of Resistance & Rebellion (Book); WORKING class

Pour sortir les allumettières de l'ombre: les ouvrières de la manufacture d'allumettes E. B. Eddy de Hull (1854-1928) - Durocher, Kathleen (Études régionales, 2022)
Cet ouvrage dresse un portrait des allumettières de la E.B. Eddy de Hull en abordant leurs conditions de vie et de travail entre 1854 et 1928. Cette étude s'appuie principalement sur un portrait démographique basé sur les recensements canadiens, mais aussi sur diverses archives (gouvernementales, privées, paroissiales, journaux scientifiques et à grand tirage, etc.) qui nous permettent de mieux comprendre la vie et le travail de ces ouvrières. En raison du nombre restreint d'études sérieuses sur les allumettières et l'industrie de l'allumette au Canada, cet ouvrage se base largement sur les sources historiques et l'analyse approfondie de ces dernières. Cette monographie présente l'histoire des allumettières par le biais de différents grands thèmes : leur rôle au sein de la classe ouvrière, leur vie au quotidien, leurs différents rôles dans la manufacture, les dangers de l'emploi (principalement ceux associés au phosphore blanc), leurs conditions de travail (salaires et heures) ainsi que leur expérience syndicale qui durera de 1918 au départ de la manufacture en 1928. À travers ses sept chapitres, cette monographie vise à peindre un portait détaillé et nuancé de cette main-d'œuvre anonyme, mais aussi à présenter les filles et les femmes qui ont occupé cet emploi. En somme, cette étude permettra de mieux saisir qui sont celles souvent présentées sous les traits de jeunes filles exploitées ou de militantes syndicales engagées. -- Résumé de l'éditeur
Keywords: Allumettes Industrie Personnel Québec (Province) Gatineau; E.B. Eddy Company Histoire; Travailleuses Conditions de travail Québec (Province) Gatineau Histoire 19e siècle; Travailleuses Conditions de travail Québec (Province) Gatineau Histoire 20e siècle; Travailleuses Québec (Province) Gatineau Conditions sociales 19e siècle; Travailleuses Québec (Province) Gatineau Conditions sociales 20e siècle

Des outils numériques au service de… ou contre le travail et la relation d’aide ? L’ambivalence liée à l’introduction d’outils numériques dans l’aide aux personnes âgées - Dussuet, Annie; Nirello, Laura; Puissant, Emmanuelle (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Le développement des outils numériques dans le secteur médico-social pose la question de leur impact sur les activités relationnelles, essentielles dans ce domaine. Cet article repose sur une enquête qualitative menée auprès de salariées travaillant dans l’aide aux personnes âgées, à domicile ou en établissement. Si ces travailleuses mentionnent plutôt des aspects positifs, elles estiment pourtant ambivalents les effets des outils numériques sur leurs conditions de travail, selon s’ils leur permettent ou non d’effectuer ce qu’elles considèrent comme un « bon travail ». Le contexte d’introduction de ces outils semble alors déterminant : lorsqu’il s’agit de rationaliser, voire d’industrialiser l’activité, ils contribuent à une dégradation concomitante de la qualité du travail et du service ; à l’inverse, mis au service de la relation d’aide, ils permettent d’améliorer les conditions de travail.
Keywords: EHPAD; Outils numériques; SAAD; conditions de travail; qualité du service

Purchasing Power: Women and the Rise of Canadian Consumer Culture - Elvins, Sarah (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Purchasing Power: Women and the Rise of Canadian Consumer Culture," by Donica Belisle.
Keywords: BELISLE, Donica; CONSUMER culture; NONFICTION; PURCHASING Power: Women & the Rise of Canadian Consumer Culture (Book)

Demanding Equality: One Hundred Years of Canadian Feminism - Fahrni, Magda (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Demanding Equality: One Hundred Years of Canadian Feminism," by Joan Sangster.

Autonomy and Control in Mass Remote Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Cross-Occupational Comparison - Fana, Marta; Massimo, Francesco; Moro, Angelo (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The global COVID-19 pandemic acted as an exogenous shock that forced organizations to adopt homeworking as a common form of work for many occupations. Drawing on a real-time cross-occupational qualitative survey, we first examined how compulsory homeworking affected workers’ freedom to define and perform their tasks. Second, we analyzed how different forms of control developed under the new organization of work. Specifically, we studied how the outcomes varied by occupation and along the vertical division of labour. Our findings agree with those of labour process theorists who argue that personal, bureaucratic and technical forms of control complement each other, rather than being stages of a linear succession.
Keywords: autonomy; control; homeworking; labour process; work organization

Farewell, Walter Hildebrandt: Historian, Poet, Publisher, and Promoter of Indigenous Sovereignty and Anti-imperialism - Finkel, Alvin; Hildebrandt, Walter; Wayman, Tom (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Pays homage to the life and work of Walter Hildebrandt (1951-2021), who published historical studies of Indigenous communities in the Canadian West and Indigenous relations with the Canadian state. A historian for Parks Canada, Hildebrandt later became publishing director of the University of Calgary and Athabasca University presses. Includes an appreciation of Hildebrandt's poetry, with selections from three long poems — "Let Them Eat Grass / The Dakota Wars 1862" and "Winnipeg 1919" — that were originally published in the 2016 collection, "Documentaries: Poems." Also introduces three poems by Tom Wayman — "Reply," "When the Future Wore a Mask: My Parents at War" and "Ars Poetica: Nail" — intended as tributes. A photo of Hildebrandt is also included.
Keywords: ACTIVISTS; HILDEBRANDT, Walter; HISTORIANS

Profits First, Safety Second: Canada's Occupational Health and Safety System at 50 - Foster, Jason; Cake, Susan; Barnetson, Bob (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
This article argues that while work-places are safer today than they were 50 years ago, the degree to which this change is due to Canada's occupational health and safety (ohs) system is unclear. Examining the literature and reflecting upon the authors' own experiences with work-place safety, the article suggests that fundamental flaws embedded in the principles of the system undermine its effectiveness at keeping workers safe. Specifically, the premise of joint responsibility – which is given life in the internal responsibility system (irs) – appears to ignore the conflicting interests and unequal power relations that exist in Canadian work-places. The circumstances that contributed to the historical effectiveness of the irs no longer exist, undermining the ability of workers to realize safe and healthy work-places.
Keywords: histoire de la santé et sécurité du travail; history of work-place safety; internal responsibility system; lésions professionnelles; occupational health and safety; ohs reforms; réformes de la santé et sécurité du travail; santé et sécurité du travail; système de responsabilité interne; work-place injury

This Has Always Been a War: The Radicalization of a Working Class Queer - Fox, Lori (Arsenal Pulp Press, 2022)
A powerful, personal critique of capitalist patriarchy as seen through the eyes of a queer radical. Capitalism has infiltrated every aspect of our personal, social, economic, and sexual lives. By examining the politics of gender, environment, and sexuality, we can see the ways straight, cis, white, and especially male upper-class people control and subvert the other - queer, non-binary, BIPOC, and female bodies - in order to keep the working lower classes divided. Patriarchy and classism are forms of systemic violence which ensure that the main commodity of capitalism - a large, disposable, cheap, and ideally subjugated work force - is readily available. There is a lot wrong with the ways we live, work, and treat each other. In essays that are both accessible and inspiring, Lori Fox examines their confrontations with the capitalist patriarchy through their experiences as a queer, non-binary, working-class farm hand, labourer, bartender, bush-worker, and road dog, exploring the ugly places where issues of gender, sexuality, class, and the environment intersect. In applying the micro to the macro, demonstrating how the personal is political and vice versa, Fox exposes the flaws in believing that this is the only way our society can or should work. Brash, topical, and passionate, This Has Always Been a War is not only a collection of essays, but a series of dispatches from the combative front lines of our present-day culture. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: Capitalism; Capitalism Social aspects; Fox, Lori; Minorities; Minorities Employment Social aspects; Minorities Social conditions; Minorités Conditions sociales; Minorités Travail Aspect social; Patriarcat (Sociologie); Patriarcat (Sociologie) Aspect social; Patriarchy; Patriarchy Social aspects; Queer theory; Théorie queer; Travailleurs; Travailleurs Conditions sociales; Working class; Working class Social conditions

In the Interest of Everyone? Support for Social Movement Unionism Among Union Officials in Quebec (Canada) - Frangi, Lorenzo; Hadziabdic, Sinisa; Masi, Anthony C. (Industrial Relations Journal, 2022)
Using a mixed-method research design involving interviews and a survey, we examined how union officials in Quebec perceive social movement unionism (SMU). We show that union officials view SMU as a multifaceted phenomenon with ideal and pragmatic dimensions. They are torn between strong support for the ideals of SMU and a practical reluctance to use members’ dues to provide services to non-members. Experience with civil society organisations mitigates this tension, encouraging union officials to defend the interests of everyone not only as an ideal, but also as a strategy that allows unions to protect members and unrepresented workers.

Life in Stalin's Soviet Union - Fraser, Erica L. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Life in Stalin's Soviet Union," edited by Kees Boterbloem.

People, State, and War Under the French Regime in Canada - Gagné, Joseph (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "People, State, and War Under the French Regime in Canada," by Louise Dechêne.
Keywords: CANADIAN history to 1763; DECHENE, Louise; NEW France; NONFICTION; PEOPLE, State & War: Under the French Regime in Canada (Book)

Le genre au travail. Recherches féministes et luttes de femmes - Gagnon, Mona-Josée (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Le genre au travail. Recherches féministes et luttes de femmes," edited by Réseau de recherche MAGE.

A Social Design Approach: Enhancement of Local Social Dialogue on the Transformation of Work by Digital Technology - Galey, Louis; Terquem, Valerie; Barcellini, Flore (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
We present the results of a research-action initiative to strengthen participation by social dialogue stakeholders (union representatives, managers and workers) in companies that are being digitally transformed. For this, we used activity-centred ergonomics. After presenting a co-design process, i.e., “Social Design,” we describe how the initiative was carried out in a large industrial company and how it was re-designed “in use.” We thus helped certain union representatives participate in dialogue on the topical issue of digital transformation, thereby helping define a new organizational structure in the workplace and further developing the “Social Design” approach.
Keywords: activity-centred ergonomics; conception de méthode; ergonomie de l’activité; industrie 4.0; industry 4.0; labour relations; method design; relations professionnelles

ESG Disclosure and Employee Turnover. New Evidence from Listed European Companies - Garsaa, Aziza; Paulet, Elisabeth (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
We explored how company transparency, as measured by ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) disclosure, affected the employee turnover of 212 multinational corporations that were listed in the European capital market during the 2010-2017 period. We also examined the role of the business environment by looking at the company’s ESG reporting system and its economic sector. To analyze how ESG disclosure affected employee turnover at any point of its conditional distribution, we used a panel data quantile regression model. ESG disclosure was found to be negatively associated with employee turnover. Employee turnover, as well as the extent to which it is affected by ESG disclosure, was found to depend strongly on the conditional distribution of the turnover rate, the sector and whether ESG disclosure is mandatory or voluntary. Our findings were confirmed by a robustness check analysis. In conclusion, the relationship between company transparency and employee turnover depends strongly on the institutional context and, especially, on disclosure regulation. The more a company is scrutinized, the more it will try to be socially responsible to maintain and/or improve its reputation and thus reassure and satisfy its stakeholders.
Keywords: Divulgation ESG; ESG disclosure; Satisfaction des employés; données de panel; employee satisfaction; employee turnover; panel data fixed-effect quantile regression; rotation du personnel; régression quantile

Nouveau régime forestier et conditions de travail en sylviculture : retour vers le futur? - Gesualdi-Fecteau, Dalia; Venne, Béatrice; Matte Guilmain, Laurence; Asselin, Hugo (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
En 2013, le gouvernement du Québec a introduit un nouveau régime forestier qui a transformé la dynamique dans la gouvernance de la forêt publique. Parmi les changements apportés, l’État est désormais chargé de planifier et de gérer les activités d’aménagement forestier. L’aménagement forestier comprend des activités commerciales et non commerciales. De 1986 à 2013, le gouvernement attribuait aux entreprises forestières des volumes de bois à long terme au moyen de « contrats d’approvisionnement et d’aménagement forestier » (CAAF). Ces entreprises avaient également la responsabilité d’assurer les travaux sylvicoles non commerciaux visant la régénération des peuplements forestiers. La Loi sur l’aménagement durable du territoire forestier, en vigueur depuis 2013, a transformé en profondeur l’organisation des activités dans ce secteur. Sur le plan des activités commerciales, l’octroi de CAAF est remplacé par des « garanties d’approvisionnement », lesquelles confèrent à leurs bénéficiaires un volume de bois de la forêt publique à des fins de transformation. Sur le plan des activités non commerciales, l’État assume désormais l’entière responsabilité de la planification et de la gestion des opérations, jadis confiée aux titulaires de CAAF. À partir de données empiriques, ce texte met en lumière la façon dont le régime forestier instauré en 2013 a permis l’émergence d’acteurs, exogènes au champ du droit du travail, dont les pratiques et les schémas d’action façonnent aujourd’hui les conditions de travail des ouvriers et des ouvrières sylvicoles effectuant des tâches non mécanisées. Cette main-d’oeuvre effectue des opérations d’éducation de peuplement au moyen d’une scie débroussailleuse ainsi que du reboisement. Les acteurs identifiés interviennent dans la dynamique d’attribution et de supervision des contrats de travaux sylvicoles non commerciaux et jouent un rôle de contrôle et de surveillance des conditions de travail, laissant aux parties à la relation d’emploi un pouvoir limité.
Keywords: Foresterie; Forestry; aménagement forestier; droit du travail; employment system; forest management; labour law; système d’emploi

Empreintes de résistance. Filiations et récits de femmes autochtones et racisées - Gibeau, Ariane (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Empreintes de résistance. Filiations et récits de femmes autochtones et racisées," by Alexandra Pierre.
Keywords: EMPREINTES de resistance: Filiations et recits de femmes autochtones et racisees (Book); INDIGENOUS women; NONFICTION; PIERRE, Alexandra

The 21st Century Cometh: The Toughest Mission is Before Us / Les suites du 21e siècle : le plus difficile est devant nous - Gould, Anthony (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Introduces the first issue of the journal that is solely available online.

"The Same Tools Work Everywhere": Organizing Gig Workers with Foodsters United - Gray, Paul Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Foodsters United, a work-place organizing campaign by Toronto food couriers, shows that, even in the gig economy, the classic organizing methods work. The Foodsters successfully challenged their misclassification as independent contractors, got over 40 per cent of a large workforce to sign union cards, and triggered a union vote that they won with 88.8 per cent support. These victories were tempered by a devastating setback: their employer, Foodora, exited from Canadian markets. Nevertheless, what Foodsters United achieved through work-place organizing sustained its transformation into Gig Workers United, which is organizing all delivery platform workers in Toronto. Although platform companies like Foodora promote the idea that the gig economy is unprecedented, its historical continuities are more important than its discontinuities. This is also true of the work-place organizing in the gig economy. Foodsters United achieved substantial victories, not because they invented new organizing methods but because they adapted the classic methods, in often ingenious ways, to their gig economy work-place. This article is based on interviews with the campaign organizers. It is organized thematically according to classic work-place organizing methods, particularly those developed in the industrial organizing tradition, including organizing conversations, mapping, charting, leader identification, issue identification, and the creation of democratic organizations.
Keywords: couriers; covid-19; démocratie syndicale; gig economy; gig workers; labour organizing; mauvaise classification; messagères et messagers; misclassification; plateformes; platforms; syndicalisation; syndicats; travailleurs et travailleuses à la demande; union democracy; unions; économie à la demande

Challenging (-Hindering) Employment and Employee Health - Haines III, Victor; Ricardeau Registre, Jean; Guerrero, Sylvie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Research has struggled with the task of distinguishing high from low-quality employment. Making the distinction between challenging and hindering job demands in a context of social exchange, our study develops a generalizable heuristic for employment quality research. Latent class analysis with mixture modelling was applied to a sample of 2,143 adults from a diversity of occupations. A two-factor model provided substantial support for the distinction between challenging and hindering employment. Challenging employment was characterized by hard and emotionally demanding work and by provision of greater resources. Hindering employment involved several hindering demands and fewer resources. As predicted, challenging employment was associated with better self-reported general health and less psychological distress. The positive associations between higher education levels and longer work experience and challenging employment also supported the challenging/hindering heuristic.
Keywords: bien-être; conception du travail; emploi; employment; health; job quality; qualité de l'emploi; resources; ressources; santé; stress; well-being; work design

Worker Participation in a Time of COVID: A Case Study of Occupational Health and Safety Regulation in Ontario - Hall, Alan; Tucker, Eric (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
This study examines worker voice in the development and implementation of safety plans or protocols for covid-19 prevention among hospital workers, long-term care workers, and education workers in the Canadian province of Ontario. Although Ontario occupational health and safety law and official public health policy appear to recognize the need for active consultation with workers and labour unions, there were limited – and in some cases no – efforts by employers to meaningfully involve workers, worker representatives (reps), or union officials in assessing covid-19 risks and planning protection and prevention measures. The political and legal efforts of workers and unions to assert their right to participate and the outcomes of those efforts are also documented through archival evidence and interviews with worker reps and union officials. The article concludes with an assessment of weaknesses in the government promotion and protection of worker health and safety rights and calls for greater labour attention to the critical importance of worker health and safety representation.
Keywords: comités paritaires; covid-19; health care; joint committees; labour unions; long-term care; occupational health and safety; public health; public schools; représentation des travailleurs et travailleuses; santé et sécurité du travail; santé publique; soins de longue durée; soins de santé; syndicats; voix des travailleurs et travailleuses; worker representation; worker voice; écoles publiques

Refracted Economies: Diamond Mining and Social Reproduction in the North - Hall, Rebecca Jane (University of Toronto Press, 2022)
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, diamonds have been lauded as a "glistening" driver of the northern Canadian economy. Canadian diamonds are cast with an imagined purity as though they had emerged by magic. However, these diamonds are mined on Dene land, extracted by people who fly in from afar, separated from their families for long periods of time. Adopting a decolonizing and feminist approach to political economy, Refracted Economies analyses the impact of diamond mining in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. The book centres Indigenous women's social reproduction labour--both at the mine sites and at sites of community, home, and care--as a means of understanding the diffuse impacts of the diamond mines. Grounded in ethnographic work, the narratives of northern Indigenous women's multiple labours offer unique insight into the gendered ways northern land and livelihoods have been restructured by the diamond industry. Rebecca Jane Hall draws on documentary analysis, interviews, and talking circles in order to understand and appreciate the--often unseen--labour performed by Indigenous women. Placing this day-to-day labour at the heart of her analysis, Hall shows that it both reproduces the mixed economy and resists the gendered violence of settler colonialism as exemplified by extractive capitalism. --Publisher's description
Keywords: Diamants Mines et extraction Aspect social Territoires du Nord-Ouest Yellowknife; Diamants Mines et extraction Aspect économique Territoires du Nord-Ouest Yellowknife; Diamond mines and mining Economic aspects Northwest Territories Yellowknife; Diamond mines and mining Social aspects; Diamond mines and mining Social aspects Northwest Territories Yellowknife; Economic history; Femmes autochtones Territoires du Nord-Ouest Yellowknife Conditions sociales; Femmes autochtones Territoires du Nord-Ouest Yellowknife Conditions économiques; Indigenous women Northwest Territories Yellowknife Economic conditions; Indigenous women Northwest Territories Yellowknife Social conditions; Northwest Territories Yellowknife; Social conditions; Yellowknife (N.W.T.) Economic conditions; Yellowknife (N.W.T.) Social conditions; Yellowknife (T.N.-O.) Conditions sociales; Yellowknife (T.N.-O.) Conditions économiques

Capital and Ideology - Hanin, Frédéric (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This article reviews the book, "Capital and Ideology," by Thomas Piketty. translated by Arthur Goldhammer.

Making Union Membership the Default Option in Canada: Would It Be Supported and Effective? - Harcourt, Mark; Gall, Gregor; Wilson, Margaret (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Income inequality has risen in Canada with the decline in union density and, thus, in union influence. Both trends have occasioned various proposals to reform federal and provincial labour relations systems, especially those aspects concerning certification. However, most proposals have been based on minor modifications to the Wagner Model of exclusive, majoritarian representation. To realize the full potential of these reform proposals, including, importantly, the likes of ‘broad-based bargaining,’ we contend that union membership should be the default option for new workers. Such a change would enable these proposals to increase absolute and relative levels of union membership, thereby providing the organizing resources (financial, human) required for much higher levels of union influence. In this study, we show that those living in Canada generally support union membership by default and would not opt out afterwards. We believe this popular support justifies making union membership automatic for new workers.
Keywords: Syndicats; Unions; accréditation; certification; collective bargaining; labour relations; membership; négociation collective; relations de travail; union membership

Histories of Environmental Coalition Building in British Columbia: Using History to Build Working-Class Environmentalism - Harter, John-Henry (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
On 3 February 1989, leaders of the British Columbia labour movement, members of the environmental movement, and representatives from the Nuu-chah-nulth-aht Tribal Council (ntc) gathered to meet at Tin Wis, the ntc meeting space, in Tofino, BC, to discuss an alliance around environmental issues on the West Coast of Vancouver Island. This article takes this meeting, and subsequent alliance, as a way to explore the impact, potential, and contested meanings of alliances forged among workers, environmentalists, and First Nations in British Columbia in the late 20th century and beyond. In this way, the article examines from a historical perspective what sociologists have framed as the period of new social movements.
Keywords: British Columbia; Colombie-Britannique; First Nations; Premiers peuples; alliances; environment; environnement; labour; new social movements; nouveaux mouvements sociaux; politics; politique; travail

S’attaquer à la pandémie permanente qu’est la précarité : leçons tirées de l’organisation des travailleurs et travailleuses migrants et immigrés racisés à Montréal pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 / Challenging the Permanent Pandemic of Precarity: Lessons from Racialized Migrant and Immigrant Workers Organizing in Montreal During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Henaway, Mostafa (Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société, 2022)
Cet article démontre l’importance pour les travailleurs et travailleuses migrants et immigrés de s’organiser en fonction de leurs réalités. Pour ce faire, l’auteur s’appuie sur l’expérience du Centre des travailleurs et travailleuses immigrants (CTI) de Montréal. Beaucoup de ces travailleurs ont un statut d’immigration précaire, qui les rend vulnérables à une exploitation capitaliste poussée. On présume que leur besoin de rester au Canada et de gagner de l’argent les empêchera de parler des inégalités en milieu de travail et dans les pratiques patronales. Quand la COVID-19 a frappé, ce sont ces travailleurs, chargés des tâches reconnues « essentielles » par les gouvernements, qui ont permis à la société de fonctionner. Des promesses de régulariser leur statut d’immigration ont été faites. Mais deux ans après, ces promesses ne se sont pas réalisées et le statut des travailleurs demeure précaire. Toutefois, l’expérience acquise par la CTI dans sa lutte contre l’imposition de mesures néolibérales lui a permis de tenir bon face aux conditions de travail dictées par la pandémie. Les efforts pour régulariser le statut des travailleurs migrants s’intensifient. Il y a actuellement une mobilisation à l’échelle du Canada pour presser le gouvernement de tenir ses engagements, confortée par la reconnaissance croissante de l’importance de ces travailleurs pour le pays. L’article dépeint la réalité de nombreux travailleurs qui vivent et besognent à la confluence de la racialisation et du statut précaire de migrant, et révèle combien ces conditions sont essentielles au maintien du système capitaliste. / This article demonstrates the importance for migrant and immigrant workers to organize in ways that represent their realities. It draws on the experience of Montreal’s Immigrant Workers’ Centre (IWC) to do this. Many of these workers have a precarious immigration status, making them vulnerable to acute capitalist exploitation. The presumption is that since workers’ need to remain in Canada and earn their living, they would remain silent about workplace inequalities and labour practices. When COVID-19 hit, it was these workers, doing what governments recognized as ‘essential’ work that kept societies functioning. Promises were made about regularization of their immigration status. However, it has been two years since the imposition of pandemic restrictions and these promises have rung hollow, leaving them with a precarious immigration status. Yet the organising experience gained by the IWC in the struggle against the imposition of neoliberal measures, prior to the pandemic, held the IWC in good stead as it faced pandemic working conditions. The struggle to regularize migrant workers’ status is mounting and at this moment there is a Canadawide mobilization to hold the government to its promise, bolstered by the growing recognition of the importance of these workers to the country. This article demonstrates the realities faced by many workers who live and work at the intersection of racialization and an insecure migrant status and reveals that it is key to propping up the capitalist system.

Righting Canada’s Wrongs: 2023 set - Hickman, Pamela; Chan, Arlene; Arato, Rona; Wesley, Gloria Ann; Cavalluzzo, Jean Smith; Florence, Melanie; Setterington, Ken (Lorimer, 2022)
For educators seeking to build anti-racism learning into Canadian history classes, this 8-book set of classroom materials is an invaluable resource. Each book addresses a major instance of official racism and discrimination spanning more than 150 years. ...Titles included: Righting Canada's Wrongs: The Komagata Maru; Righting Canada's Wrongs: The Chinese Head Tax; Righting Canada's Wrongs: Anti-Semitism and the MS St. Louis; Righting Canada's Wrongs: The LGBT Purge; Righting Canada's Wrongs: Africville; Righting Canada's Wrongs: Italian Canadian Internment; Righting Canada's Wrongs: Residential Schools; Righting Canada's Wrongs: Japanese Canadian Internment; Righting Canada's Wrongs: Resource Guide. --Publisher's description

Deindustrializing Montreal: Entangled Histories of Race, Residence, and Class - High, Steven C. (Studies on the history of Quebec, 2022)
Point Saint-Charles, a historically white working-class neighbourhood with a strong Irish and French presence, and Little Burgundy, a multiracial neighbourhood that is home to the city's English-speaking Black community, face each other across Montreal's Lachine Canal, once an artery around which work and industry in Montreal were clustered and by which these two communities were formed and divided. Deindustrializing Montreal challenges the deepening divergence of class and race analysis by recognizing the intimate relationship between capitalism, class struggles, and racial inequality. Fundamentally, deindustrialization is a process of physical and social ruination as well as part of a wider political project that leaves working-class communities impoverished and demoralized. The structural violence of capitalism occurs gradually and out of sight, but it doesn't play out the same for everyone. Point Saint-Charles was left to rot until it was revalorized by gentrification, whereas Little Burgundy was torn apart by urban renewal and highway construction. This historical divergence had profound consequences in how urban change has been experienced, understood, and remembered. Drawing extensive interviews, a massive and varied archive of imagery, and original photography by David Lewis into a complex chorus, Steven High brings these communities to life, tracing their history from their earliest years to their decline and their current reality. He extends the analysis of deindustrialization, often focused on single-industry towns, to cities that have seemingly made the post-industrial transition. The urban neighbourhood has never been a settled concept, and its apparent innocence masks considerable contestation, divergence, and change over time. Deindustrializing Montreal thinks critically about locality, revealing how heritage becomes an agent of gentrification, investigating how places like Little Burgundy and the Point acquire race and class identities, and questioning what is preserved and for whom. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: 1900-1999; Deindustrialization; Deindustrialization Québec (Province) Montréal History 20th century; Désindustrialisation Québec (Province) Montréal Histoire 20e siècle; Economic history; History; Montréal (Québec) Black people History 20th century; Montréal (Québec) Conditions sociales 20e siècle; Montréal (Québec) Conditions économiques 20e siècle; Montréal (Québec) Economic conditions 20th century; Montréal (Québec) Race relations History 20th century; Montréal (Québec) Relations raciales Histoire 20e siècle; Montréal (Québec) Social conditions 20th century; Neighborhoods; Neighborhoods Québec (Province) Montréal History 20th century; Quartiers (Urbanisme) Québec (Province) Montréal Histoire 20e siècle; Québec Montréal; Race relations; Social conditions; Travailleurs Québec (Province) Montréal Histoire 20e siècle; Working class; Working class Québec (Province) Montréal History 20th century

Artificial Intelligence and Labour: Perspectives from Organized Labour in Canada - Hilstob, Kayla; Massie, Alicia (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
We are in an important technological moment in history, where experts in academia, research institutes, and non-governmental organizations posit that developments in artificial intelligence (ai) will lead to widespread disruptions in the labour market. This article addresses this claim by asking if organized labour sees ai as an equally imminent threat. Moreover, it asks how labour is preparing to challenge the power of capital as employers leverage automation in an age of neoliberal precarity. Online materials published by unions affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress are reviewed here through discursive analysis. Our findings indicate that while no union has expressed opposition to technological change, many have questioned how employers leverage it in the workplace and its wider geopolitical and societal effects that affect their members and communities. We find that discussion around technological change emphasizes that technology makes work better and safer in a human-centred work environment. Overall, organized labour in Canada is attentive to issues within the political-economic context of automation, precarious work, community impacts, the role of government and regulation, skills and retraining, and job loss, among others. Given the view of technology held by organized labour, we challenge perspectives of both techno-pessimism and techno-optimism and highlight instead that labour unions are in a unique position to both respond and adapt to the evolution of work. Expanded strategic interventions around automation are needed to combat precarious work and the erosion of working conditions at present and in the coming decade(s), and we point to some notable efforts that are underway.
Keywords: artificial intelligence; automation; automatisation; changement technologique; gig economy; intelligence artificielle; labour; syndicats; technological change; trade unions; travail; économie à la demande

Sentenced for the Season: Jamaican Migrant Farmworkers on Okanagan Orchards - Hjalmarson, Elise (Race & Class, 2022)
Despite perfunctory characterisation of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) as a ‘triple win’, scholars and activists have long admonished its lack of government oversight, disrespect for migrant rights and indentureship of foreign workers. This article contends that the SAWP is predicated upon naturalised, deeply engrained and degrading beliefs that devalue Black lives and labour. Based on twenty months’ ethnographic fieldwork in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada, it reveals the extent to which anti-Black racism permeates, organises and frustrates workers’ lives on farms and in local communities. It situates such experiences, which workers characterise as ‘prison life’, in the context of anti-Black immigration policy and the workings of racial capitalism. This ethnography of Caribbean migrants not only adds perspective to scholarship hitherto focused on the experiences of Latino workers, but it also reinforces critical work on anti-Black racism in contemporary Canada.

The Industrialists: How the National Association of Manufacturers Shaped American Capitalism - Holdren, Nate (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Industrialists: How the National Association of Manufacturers Shaped American Capitalism," by Jennifer Delton.
Keywords: DELTON, Jennifer; HISTORY of capitalism; INDUSTRIALISTS: How the National Association of Manufacturers Shaped American Capitalism, The (Book); NATIONAL Association of Manufacturers (U.S.); NONFICTION

Solidarity Beyond Bars: Unionizing Prison Labour - House, Jordan; Rashid, Asaf (Fernwood, 2022)
Prisons don’t work, but prisoners do. Prisons are often critiqued as unjust, but we hear little about the daily labour of incarcerated workers — what they do, how they do it, who they do it for and under which conditions. Unions protect workers fighting for better pay and against discrimination and occupational health and safety concerns, but prisoners are denied this protection despite being the lowest paid workers with the least choice in what they do — the most vulnerable among the working class. Starting from the perspective that work during imprisonment is not “rehabilitative,” this book examines the reasons why people should care about prison labour and how prisoners have struggled to organize for labour power in the past. Unionizing incarcerated workers is critical for both the labour movement and struggles for prison justice, this book argues, to negotiate changes to working conditions as well as the power dynamics within prisons themselves. --Publisher's description

A Militancy of Invidious Comparisons: The Contested Value of Hospital Work in Ontario, 1959–1974 - Hurl, Chris (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
This article examines the efforts to establish objective criteria in deciding on appropriate wage levels for non-professional service workers in Ontario's hospital sector during the 1960s and 1970s. Drawing from recent literature in cultural political economy and the politics of valuation, it shows how industrial relations specialists sought to reframe the field of struggle through the practice of interest arbitration. Through a comparative study of arbitration cases in this period, the article explores the complex displacement of expertise from local hospital boards and medical professionals to law professors and labour economists, who sought to establish an industrial jurisprudence that could avoid strikes and lockouts in such essential industries by assigning awards based on the probable outcomes of industrial conflict. No longer were disputes settled through the ideological obfuscations of "justice"; instead, expert arbitrators drew on the science of economics in asserting irrefutable labour market "realities." While pretensions to scientific expertise in the settlement of disputes remained hegemonic through the late 1960s, hospital workers in Ontario, through their unions and in alliance with New Left organizations, effectively reasserted "justice" as a highly contextualized unit of value through their militant struggles in the early 1970s. The article concludes by discussing the tensions and contradictions produced out of these struggles and the subsequent challenges in regulating public-sector labour disputes.
Keywords: HOSPITAL personnel; HOSPITAL trustees; HOSPITALS; INDUSTRIAL relations; Keynesian welfare state; LABOR supply; ONTARIO; Ontario; WAGES; arbitrage de différends; healthcare workers; histoire du travail; interest arbitration; labour history; labour unions; public sector; secteur public; syndicats; travailleuses et travailleurs de la santé; valuation studies; État-providence keynésien; études de la valeur

Transgender Marxism ed. by Jules Joanne Gleeson and Elle O'Rourke (review) - Irving, Dan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Transgender Marxism," edited by Jules Joanne Gleeson and Elle O'Rourke.
Keywords: GLEESON, Jules Joanne; NONFICTION; O'ROURKE, Elle; TRANSGENDER Marxism (Book); TRANSGENDER history

Les effets des caractéristiques démographiques des arbitres sur les sentences arbitrales dans le secteur universitaire canadien - Jafary, Maziar; Carrière, Jules (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
This study examines the effects of demographic characteristics of arbitrators on arbitration outcomes in the Canadian university sector. More specifically, we attempt to explain whether five characteristics of arbitrators (their experiences in law, management, and union affairs as well as their age and gender) could significantly determine how they adjudicate in cases heard in labor relations tribunals. Therefore, we examine whether the five aforementioned characteristics, as the group of independent variables, could significantly determine the variations of two dependent variables, namely the outcome of the arbitration procedure and compensation of any damages- interests.

Working People Built This Archive: The IWA Archive and Woodworker History - John, Henry (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)

James P. Cannon and the Emergence of Trotskyism in the United States, 1928–38 - John, S. Sándor (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "James P. Cannon and the Emergence of Trotskyism in the United States, 1928–38," by Bryan D. Palmer.

Stampede: Misogyny, White Supremacy, and Settler Colonialism - Joudrey, Susan L. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Stampede: Misogyny, White Supremacy, and Settler Colonialism," by Kimberly A. Williams.
Keywords: MISOGYNY; NONFICTION; STAMPEDE: Misogyny, White Supremacy & Settler Colonialism (Book); WHITE supremacy; WILLIAMS, Kimberly A.

Accounting for Absences and Ambiguities in the Freelancing Labour Relation - Karaagac, E. Alkim; Worth, Nancy (Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 2022)
Research in economic geography has focused on the shift away from the standard employment relationship in the West; yet within these debates, non-standard work is an amorphous stand-in for many kinds of labour. Our aim is to account for absences and ambiguities within one form of non-standard work—freelancing—to make the contours of this work more visible, and to understand why a growing sector of the labour market is not well measured, protected or understood. Working from a Canadian case study, we first examine the conflicting ways freelancing is statistically measured, using an umbrella of intersecting terms that refer to labour or workers. Second, we critically review how freelancing is (not) legislated, organized and protected, areas of mediation which often still presume a standard employment relationship. Finally, we consider how the identity of ‘freelancer’ is lived, through freelancers’ complex yet partial definitions that embrace flexibility and constraint.

Indigenous Workers and Trade Unions: Settler-Colonial Capitalism, Indigenous Peoples' Labour and Union Engagement - Karim, Alia Neisha (York University, 2022)
It is only in the last few decades that Canadian trade unions have expressed labour solidarity with Indigenous peoples by bringing their attention to the distinct concerns of Indigenous workers in the workplace and beyond it. Trade unions have taken important steps to express support for their Indigenous members and their communities, yet little is understood about Indigenous peoples’ experiences in the capitalist labour market shaped by land dispossession, the ongoing manifestations of settler-colonial oppression, and the systemic economic marginalization by Canadian institutions and employers. It is pertinent to identify what unions are doing to support them and where they can strengthen labour solidarity so that they can develop critical sites of resistance against colonial-capitalist power. A closer analysis is needed to understand Indigenous peoples’ relationships to unions, relations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous working people, and the challenges for unions to build united struggles with Indigenous peoples. This study examines the spaces of union engagement with Indigenous workers and their communities amongst the challenges presented by the reality of ongoing colonial oppression in Canada. The purpose of this study is twofold: 1) to examine the roles that trade unions have had with Indigenous peoples in the paid labour market and recent initiatives that they have taken to meet the needs of Indigenous workers and unionists, and 2) to analyze the ways trade unionists understand and approach Indigenous peoples’ concerns and anti-colonial struggles within the broader confines of settler-colonial capitalism, and to determine the challenges to transforming their practices of solidarity with Indigenous peoples. This study draws upon semi-structured, indepth interviews with 22 Indigenous and non-Indigenous key informants who are elected trade union officials, staff, and rank-and-file unionists. The study’s findings reveal emerging activism of Indigenous workers within their workplaces, unions, and beyond, and the complexities between Indigenous peoples’ relationships with paid labour, unions, and struggles for selfdetermination. I argue that unions are turning their attention to support the distinct needs of Indigenous workers and to support anti-colonial struggles, but they are limited to redressing the effects of settler-colonial capitalism. They face difficulty engaging in solidarity due to the structural limitations of settler-colonial capitalism. By reflecting on participant insights into these challenges, this study proposes an anti-colonial framework for unionists to transform their practices of labour solidarity.

Bent Out of Shape: Shame, Solidarity and Women's Bodies at Work by Karen Messing (review) - Kealey, Linda (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Bent Out of Shape: Shame, Solidarity and Women's Bodies at Work," by Karen Messing.
Keywords: BENT Out of Shape: Shame, Solidarity & Women's Bodies at Work (Book); MESSING, Karen; NONFICTION; WOMEN employees

Occupation Health and Safety: A Failure to Protect the Right of Workers to Participate in Enforcement - King, Andrew; Lewchuk, Wayne (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Section 50 of the Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act prohibits an employer from punishing a worker who complains about a health and safety concern and who seeks to exercise the right to raise or report this concern. A worker who suffers such a reprisal may file a grievance if covered by a collective agreement or make an application to the Ontario Labour Relations Board (OLRB).
Keywords: Droit de la santé et la sécurité au travail; Santé et sécurité au travail; discipline; enforcement; occupational health and safety; participation des travailleurs; reprisal; représailles; représentation des travailleurs; worker health and safety rights; worker participation; worker representation

Class Warrior: The Selected Works of E.T. Kingsley - Kingsley, E.T. (Eugene Thornton) (Athabasca University Press for the Canadian Committee on Labour History, 2022)
In October 1890, Eugene T. Kingsley’s life changed irrevocably while working as a brakeman on the Northern Pacific Railway when he was injured in a fall between two rail cars. While recuperating in hospital after the amputation of both legs, he began reading the works of Karl Marx. Joining a popular socialist movement, his activism eventually brought him to Vancouver, B.C. where he founded the Socialist Party of Canada (SPC). Kingsley, known as a passionate orator, went on to become one of the most prominent socialist intellectuals of his day. Class Warrior is a collection of Kingsley’s writing and speeches that underscores his tremendous impact on Canadian political discourse. --Publisher's description. Contents: Foreword: E. T. Kingsley: Canadian Marxism’s “Old Man” / Bryan D. Palmer -- Introduction: Re-evaluating the British Columbia School of Socialism: E. T. Kingsley, Disablement, and the “Impossiblist” Challenge to Industrial Capitalism in Western Canada / Benjamin Isitt and Ravi Malhotra. Part 1: Selected Writings of E. T. Kingsley. Part 2: Selected Speeches of E. T. Kingsley. Part 3: The Genesis and Evolution of Slavery. Part 4: On the World Situation. Appendix: Partial Record of E. T. Kingsley’s Public Speeches and Lectures; Kingley's Speeches.

Just in Principle?: Assessing the Contributions of Organic Farming to Socio-Ecological Sustainability in Canadian Agriculture - Klassen, Susanna (Susanna Elsie) (University of British Columbia, 2022)
Agriculture is at the centre of society’s most pressing sustainability challenges, including food insecurity, climate change, ecological degradation, and social inequity. Organic agriculture, when practiced according to an ethic grounded in ecology, health, fairness, and care, has been proposed as a remedy to these challenges. Building on a movement for an alternative to socially and ecologically exploitative food production, organic agriculture is now a multi-billion-dollar industry with established legal and regulatory frameworks around the world. While this growth could be seen as a success, empirical research has called into question the extent to which organic agriculture and market-oriented third-party certifications can foster sustainability transitions and has found that performance is often context dependent (e.g. depending on which practices are adopted). There remain significant gaps in knowledge about how organic agriculture is practiced in jurisdictions around the world relative to the sustainability-related principles on which it was founded, especially the principle of fairness. To address these gaps, I developed a mixed-method assessment grounded in a critical realist methodological approach to evaluate the contributions of organic agriculture to socio-ecological sustainability in Canada. I utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods—drawing from interviews with farmers, inspectors and organic policymakers, analysis of census data for farms across Canada, surveys of vegetable farmers in British Columbia and organic policy documents—to investigate how organic agriculture is shaped and enacted by organic community members at multiple scales. My analysis of organic standards in North America, along with census and survey data in Canada, provide strong evidence for higher levels of adoption of ecologically sustainable management in organic agriculture relative to all other farms. Yet, despite explicit attention to the principle of fairness in organic standards and among organic community actors, I found little evidence that organic agriculture in Canada is correlated with improved working conditions for farmworkers in practice. Across Mexico, the US and Canada, no organic standards contain any requirements related to social sustainability. At the same time, standards governance and community-led efforts toward integrating the principle of fairness into certification show potential to advance a more just and sustainable agriculture.

Sharing the Struggle for Fairness: Exploring Possibilities for Solidarity & Just Labour in Organic Agriculture - Klassen, Susanna (Susanna Elsie); Fuerza Migrante; Wittman, Hannah (Canadian Food Studies/La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation, 2022)
Despite the organic movement’s early connections to labour advocacy and commitment to the principle of “Fairness”, the evolution of the organic sector has generated questions about the strength of its links to food justice in certified organic farming. Scholar-activists have, in particular, highlighted the problematic nature of labour relations on many organic farms. This article reports on a growing relationship between an organic farming association (the Certified Organic Associations of British Columbia) and a migrant workers justice collective (Fuerza Migrante) with aspirations of alliance building. Drawing from qualitative interviews and participant observation, we examine the extent to which efforts by the organic community towards fairness in labour relations may signal an opening whereby the organic movement may take up the more radical struggle for rights, status and justice for racialized migrant workers. We draw on theoretical work on post-capitalist relations and emancipatory social transformations to provide scaffolding to our assessment, and illuminate the importance of complementary efforts. While the primary demands raised by migrant workers and their allies (eg structural changes to temporary foreign worker programs) are not yet mirrored by the organic community’s advocacy, this paper documents preliminary efforts towards centering of migrant worker struggles for justice that may open up spaces for social emancipation for workers in organic farming systems. We also provide recommendations for how the organic community could act in solidarity with migrants and advance migrant justice priorities.

Grève des stages, grèves des femmes. Anthologie d'une lutte féministe pour un salaire étudiant (2016–2019) - Kuehni, Morgane (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Grève des stages, grèves des femmes. Anthologie d'une lutte féministe pour un salaire étudiant (2016–2019)," by Collectif.

A Critical Analysis of the Construction of the New Essential Worker Through the Discursive Practices of the Canadian News Media During COVID-19: Implications for Occupational Rights - Kupidy, Steven (Dalhousie University, 2022)
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent government responses resulted in a shift in the identity of the essential worker that now included low wage essential workers. Using a critical discourse analysis methodology written news media texts were analyzed revealing various discursive strategies were utilized to construct the new essential worker identity. Findings revealed a fluid, complex identity that was politicized to advance other issues. The need to re-frame the definition of the essential worker was discussed along with the implications on the attainment of occupational rights for low wage essential workers.

Mining Country: A History of Canada’s Mines and Miners - Kuyek, Joan (A\J: Alternatives Journal: Voice of Canada's Environment, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Mining Country: A History of Canada's Mine and Miners," by John Sandlos and Arn Keeling.

Bread and Roses: Gender and Class Under Capitalism - Labelle, Sandrine (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Bread and Roses: Gender and Class Under Capitalism," by Andrea D'Atri.
Keywords: BREAD & Roses: Gender & Class Under Capitalism (Book); CAPITALISM; D'ATRI, Andrea; NONFICTION

Le soutien social du manager direct : une solution pour limiter l’épuisement professionnel pendant la crise sanitaire liée à la COVID-19? - Laborie, Clara; Abord de Chatillon, Emmanuel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Durant la crise sanitaire liée à l’épidémie de COVID-19, des milliers de salariés français ont été contraints de travailler isolés les uns des autres. Cette situation inédite a engendré de lourds inconvénients en matière de conditions de travail, entraînant de hauts niveaux d’épuisement professionnel. L’objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer si le soutien social du manager direct est en mesure de modérer les effets négatifs des conditions de travail sur l’épuisement professionnel des salariés en période de crise sanitaire. Les résultats montrent que ce soutien a un impact direct sur l’épuisement professionnel, quel que soit le lieu de travail. Cependant, il n’est pas en mesure de modérer l’effet des conditions de travail sur l’épuisement professionnel des salariés à domicile, et n’y arrive que modestement pour les salariés sur site.
Keywords: Social support of direct supervisors; Soutien social du manager direct; crise sanitaire; professional exhaustion; remote work; sanitary crises; teleworking; télétravail; épuisement professionnel

L’importance des schémas mentaux en matière de diversité : étude exploratoire auprès d’employeurs situés en région - Lachapelle, Marie; St-Onge, Sylvie; Arcand, Sébastien (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Managing ethnocultural diversity, i.e., employees with a socio-cultural heritage different from the majority (language, tradition, religion, etc.), is a growing challenge for employers. In order to provide added value and minimize the risks of diversity at all levels of the organization, it is important to improve our understanding or the diversity mindset -- the way people think about diversity in the workplace -- and how it influences management practices. While organizations outside of major urban centers must increasingly rely on immigration to ensure their growth and survival, relatively few studies have been done in rural areas and even fewer on the diversity mindset of employers based there.
Keywords: Canada; Diversity mindset; Embauche; Hiring; Inclusion; Intégration; Onboarding; Québec; Rétention; diversity; diversité; immigrants; immigration; immigration régionale; retention; rural immigration; schémas mentaux

Canada in the World: Settler Colonialism and the Colonial Imagination - Langford, Will (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Canada in the World: Settler Colonialism and the Colonial Imagination," by Tyler A. Shipley.
Keywords: CANADA in the World: Settler Colonialism & the Colonial Imagination (Book); CANADIAN history; COLONIES; NONFICTION; SHIPLEY, Tyler A.

The Anti-Conscription Movement in BC and Its Contribution to the Labour Revolt of 1918-19 - Latimer, Brian (Simon Fraser University, 2022)
Historians have generally interpreted the conscription crisis of 1917 as reflective of contending nationalist perspectives in Canada. In contrast this study examines the pivotal role of the labour led anti-conscription movement which developed in British Columbia and throughout Canada in World War One to oppose the threat poses by conscription and other war time acts of repression by the Borden government. A careful study of primary sources and newspapers of the era show that this movement of resistance to conscription also included others threated by conscription: conscientious objectors, Indigenous nations, farmers, and pacifist social gospel activists. The resistance movement had the effect of changing Federal government policy on conscription during the war and changing the political environment after the war and acted as a catalyst in helping to spark the post-war labour revolt.

Grand Army of Labor Workers, Veterans, and the Meaning of the Civil War - Lause, Mark A. (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Grand Army of Labor Workers, Veterans, and the Meaning of the Civil War," by Matthew E. Stanley.
Keywords: GRAND Army of Labor: Workers, Veterans & the Meaning of the Civil War (Book); NONFICTION; STANLEY, Matthew E.; WORKING class

Shift Change: Scenes from a Post-Industrial Revolution - Lawson, Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Shift Change: Scenes from a Post-Industrial Revolution," by Stephen Dale.

Listening to the Fur Trade: Soundways and Music in the British North American Fur Trade, 1760-1840 - Laxer, Daniel Robert (McGill-Queen's studies in early Canada, 2022)
As fur traders were driven across northern North America by economic motivations, the landscape over which they plied their trade was punctuated by sound: shouting, singing, dancing, gunpowder, rattles, jingles, drums, fiddles, and--very occasionally--bagpipes. Fur trade interactions were, in a word, noisy. Daniel Laxer unearths traces of music, performance, and other intangible cultural phenomena long since silenced, allowing us to hear the fur trade for the first time. Listening to the Fur Trade uses the written record, oral history, and material culture to reveal histories of sound and music in an era before sound recording. The trading post was a noisy nexus, populated by a polyglot crowd of highly mobile people from different national, linguistic, religious, cultural, and class backgrounds. They found ways to interact every time they met, and facilitating material interests and survival went beyond the simple exchange of goods. Trust and good relations often entailed gift-giving: reciprocity was performed with dances, songs, and firearm salutes. Indigenous protocols of ceremony and treaty-making were widely adopted by fur traders, who supplied materials and technologies that sometimes changed how these ceremonies sounded. Within trading companies, masters and servants were on opposite ends of the social ladder but shared songs in the canoes and lively dances during the long winters at the trading posts. While the fur trade was propelled by economic and political interests, Listening to the Fur Trade uncovers the songs and ceremonies of First Nations people, the paddling songs of the voyageurs, and the fiddle music and step-dancing at the trading posts that provided its pulse. --Publisher's description
Keywords: 1700-1899; Canada; Coureurs de bois Chants et musique Histoire et critique; Criticism, interpretation, etc; Fiddle; Fourrures Commerce Canada Histoire 18e siècle; Fourrures Commerce Canada Histoire 19e siècle; French Voyageurs; Fur trade; Fur trade Canada History 18th century; Fur trade Canada History 19th century; Fur traders Songs and music History and criticism; History; Indigenous dances; Metis; Montreal merchants; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Ethnic Studies / Canadian Studies; Step-dancing; ceremonies; commercial compacts; early Canadian commerce; economy; instruments; intangible cultural heritage; jigging; musical interactions; practices; pre-Confederation; sound-making; trading posts; traditional

The Fire and the Ashes: Rekindling Democratic Socialism - Lexier, Roberta (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Fire and the Ashes: Rekindling Democratic Socialism," by Andrew Jackson.
Keywords: DEMOCRATIC socialism; FIRE & the Ashes: Rekindling Democratic Socialism, The (Book); JACKSON, Andrew; NONFICTION

"An Unexpectedly Significant Finding": Poverty and the Royal Commission on the Status of Women - Little, Margaret Hillyard (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Examines the "unexpectedly significant finding" of the report of the 1970 Royal Commission on the Status of Women regarding the situation of women in poverty. Provides historical context and analyzes briefs submitted to the commission. Argues that the commission's preoccupation with improved labour market outcomes failed to address the deeper, structural issues of paid and unpaid work. Concludes that, then and now, the voices of low-income women have not been heard and there has been general reluctance to join the campaign for Basic Income.
Keywords: CANADA; CANADA Assistance Plan Directorate; CANADA. Health & Welfare Canada; POOR women; POVERTY; POVERTY reduction; ROYAL Commission on the Status of Women in Canada; SERVICES for the poor

Spent Behind the Wheel: Drivers' Labor in the Uber Economy - Lu, Xing (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Spent Behind the Wheel: Drivers' Labor in the Uber Economy," by Julietta Hua and Kasturi Ray.

"They Will Crack Heads When the Communist Line Is Expounded": Anti-Communist Violence in Cold War Canada - Luciuk, Kassandra (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
This article examines anti-communist political violence in Canada during the early years of the Cold War. It specifically focuses on the Ukrainian Canadian community, one of the country's most politically engaged and divided ethnic groups. While connected to an existing split within the community, acts of violence were largely committed by newly arrived displaced persons who were much more radical than existing anti-communist Ukrainian Canadians. Government and state officials tacitly, and sometimes even explicitly, sided with the perpetrators. This laxity toward the violence reveals how, in the early years of the Cold War, law and justice were mutable and unevenly enforced depending on the political orientation of those involved. In a broader sense, this article adds to an understanding of the multifaceted ways that anti-communism manifested itself in this period to define the acceptable parameters of political consciousness.
Keywords: Canada; Cold War; Ukraine; anti-communism; anticommunisme; communism; communisme; droit; ethnicity; ethnicité; guerre froide; law; maintien de l'ordre et politique; migration; political policing; violence

Familiar Constraints: The Report of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women and the Challenge of Unpaid Work in the Home - Luxton, Meg (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
Examines the liberal feminist assumptions that underpinned the proposals of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women with respect to unpaid labour in the home, notably the the nuclear-family household as well as capitalist social and economic relations.
Keywords: CANADA; DIVISION of household labor; HOME economics; MOTHERS; ROYAL Commission on the Status of Women in Canada; UNPAID labor; WIVES; WOMEN; WOMEN'S rights

Patriarchy of the Wage: Notes on Marx, Gender and Feminism - Luxton, Meg (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Patriarchy of the Wage: Notes on Marx, Gender and Feminism," by Silvia Federici.

The Decline of the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union: Shifting Workers’ Identities in Montreal and New York City - MacDonald, Katherine (University of New Brunswick, 2022)
A part of the labour movement for ninety-five years, the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU) worked to better the conditions of garment workers across North America. Although they saw gains for workers in the garment industry over fifty years of progress, in the last forty years of the ILGWU’s history, the union faced a dramatic decline. Large membership losses and a weakening of negotiating power in the industry left the ILGWU a shell of their former self. What happened to this union? This declension did not begin with rapid membership decline, but a steady drop in members was a symptom of missed opportunities and misunderstandings on the part of union leadership of the increasingly diverse needs of garment workers across North America. Using the ILGWU in Montréal and New York City from the 1960s to the 1980s, this dissertation highlights the intrinsic difficulties of with transnational unionization efforts in the late 20th century. The ILGWU’s could not maintain a collective identity for garment worker across North America. Shifting identities made it difficult for the union to maintain their membership and motivate nonunionized workers to join the organization. The decline of this powerful and important labour organization offers critical insights into women’s history and labour activism at the end of the 20th century and reveals new elements of the history of capitalism, especially as it relates to ethnicity and gender.

Canada, A Working History - MacKinnon, Lachlan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Canada, A Working History," by Jason Russell.
Keywords: CANADA: A Working History (Book); CANADIAN history; HISTORY of labor; NONFICTION; RUSSELL, Jason

Class Action: How Ontario's Elementary Teachers Became a Political Force - MacLellan, Duncan (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Class Action: How Ontario's Elementary Teachers Became a Political Force," by Andy Hanson.
Keywords: CLASS Action: How Ontario's Elementary Teachers Became a Political Force (Book); ELEMENTARY school teachers; HANSON, Andy; NONFICTION; ONTARIO

Solidarity: Canada's Unknown Revolution of 1983 - Magnusson, Warren (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Solidarity: Canada's Unknown Revolution of 1983," by David Spaner.

Le Mammouth - Marsan, Benoit (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Le Mammouth," by Pierre Samson.
Keywords: GREAT Depression, 1929-1939; LE Mammouth (Book); NONFICTION; SAMSON, Pierre

Breathe Deep, Boys: Voices of the McIntyre Powder Project Miners - Martell, Janice; Guidotti, Tee (New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 2022)
Northern Ontario gold and uranium miners represent the largest cohort of industrial laborers who were historically exposed to daily nonconsensual industrial medical treatments involving the inhalation of finely ground aluminum dust known as McIntyre Powder. The daughter of one of those miners founded the McIntyre Powder Project in 2015 to document health issues in exposed miners, in an effort to determine whether her father's Parkinson's was related to aluminum inhalation. In response, 553 miners registered with the McIntyre Powder Project between 2015 and 2021 either directly or by their next-of-kin. This paper compiles their lived experiences of being subjected to McIntyre Powder, which contrasts starkly with the official narrative of the northern Ontario mining industry, which licensed its use globally. Additionally, this paper illuminates concerning industrial practices that emerged from the miners’ disclosures, involving incentivized claims suppression, and raising serious questions about the effectiveness of medical screening and regulatory enforcement.

Parentalité, conciliation emploi-famille et composition genrée de la main-d’oeuvre dans les organisations en temps de pandémie : le cas du Québec - Mathieu, Sophie; Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Les organisations, tout comme les membres de la famille et l’État, peuvent contribuer à faciliter la conciliation emploi-famille. Nous nous penchons ici sur la conciliation des vies personnelle et professionnelle des parents québécois sur la base de l’analyse de données de deux enquêtes menées auprès de parents et d’employeurs en 2020. Nous documentons et comparons l’expérience de conciliation en temps de pandémie des mères et des pères; puis, tout en tenant compte de l’importance des politiques familiales au Québec, nous montrons qu’il existe une correspondance entre le genre de la majorité de la main-d’oeuvre et l’offre de mesures de conciliation emploi-famille, les milieux de travail qui emploient majoritairement des femmes manifestant plus d’ouverture à l’égard de ces mesures et y voyant plus d’avantages.
Keywords: Conciliation emploi-famille; Gender; Organisation; Quebec; Québec; Work-family reconciliation; genre; organisations

The Sleeping Car Porter - Mayr, Suzette (Coach House Books, 2022)
The Sleeping Car Porter brings to life an important part of Black history in North America, from the perspective of a gay man living in a culture that renders him invisible in two ways. Affecting, imaginative, and visceral enough that you'll feel the rocking of the train, The Sleeping Car Porter is a stunning accomplishment. Baxter's name isn't George. But it's 1929, and Baxter is lucky enough, as a Black man, to have a job as a sleeping car porter on a train that crisscrosses the country. So when the passengers call him George, he has to just smile and nod and act invisible. What he really wants is to go to dentistry school, but he'll have to save up a lot of nickel and dime tips to get there, so he puts up with "George." On this particular trip out west, the passengers are more unruly than usual, especially when the train is stalled for two extra days; their secrets start to leak out and blur with the sleep-deprivation hallucinations Baxter is having. When he finds a naughty postcard of two gay men, Baxter's memories and longings are reawakened; keeping it puts his job in peril, but he can't part with the postcard or his thoughts of Edwin Drew, Porter Instructor. --Publisher's description
Keywords: African American men; African American men Fiction; Black people North America Fiction; Dentisterie Romans, nouvelles, etc; Dentistry; Dentistry Fiction; FICTION / African American & Black / Historical; FICTION / LGBTQ+ / Gay; FICTION / World Literature / Canada; Fiction; Gay men; Gay men Fiction; Gays North America Fiction; Historical fiction; Hommes noirs américains Romans, nouvelles, etc; Homosexuels masculins Romans, nouvelles, etc; Novels; Porters; Porters Fiction; Porteurs de bagages Romans, nouvelles, etc; Pourboires Romans, nouvelles, etc; Racism; Racism Fiction; Racisme Romans, nouvelles, etc; Rail passengers; Rail passengers Fiction; Sleep deprivation; Sleep deprivation Fiction; Sommeil Privation Romans, nouvelles, etc; Tipping; Tipping Fiction

Debunking Lien Myths: Empirical Evidence for an Essential Tool in the Fight against Wage Theft - McBride, Justin; Adler, Laura (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
Wage lien laws have immense potential to help workers collect owed wages. Because liens can secure rights to property before full adjudication, workers can rest assured that real assets will exist should they prevail and scofflaw employers cannot easily hide assets from collections. Despite the proven usefulness of wage lien laws, opponents frequently argue that broad lien regimes would restrict credit.
Keywords: analyse des différences; difference-in-differences analysis; privilège salariaux; prêts aux entreprises; small business loans; vol de salaire; wage liens; wage theft

Examining Talent Management Practices in a Canadian Not-for-Profit Context: A Theory-Driven Template Analysis - McCaig, Melanie; Rezania, Davar; Lightheart, David (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
While recognizing the importance of human capital in the success of non-profit organizations, existing research has primarily focused on talent management (TM) in large multinational organizations, mainly those in the private sectors of North America, Asia and Europe. In this article, we adopt a theory-driven approach and build on previous conceptualizations of TM to examine the perspectives of 30 Canadian nonprofit and for-profit decision-makers. Results show that Canadian decision-makers have a unique inclusive and competitive view of TM. Their view is defined predominantly by humanistic (acquired talent, inclusive, input and output) and competitive factors (reliance on recruitment and skill development). This study contributes a new perspective by providing empirical insights from managers of Canadian enterprises and pointing to implications for broader discussion, conceptualization and practice in the field.
Keywords: Canada; Développement et formation du talent; Formation inclusive; Gestion humaniste du talent; Organismes sans but lucratifs; Organismes à but non lucratif; competitive; humanistic talent management; inclusive; nonprofit; organizational nature; talent development; vision inclusive et compétitive de la formation

Nii Ndahlohke: Boys' and Girls' Work at Mount Elgin Industrial School, 1890-1915 - McCallum, Mary Jane Logan (Friesen Press, 2022)
This book takes its title from the phrase for “I work” in Lunaape, the traditional language of Munsee Delaware people, and was inspired by the work of the Munsee Delaware Language and History Group. Written for the descendants and communities of children who attended Mount Elgin and intended as a resource for all Canadians, Nii Ndahlohke tells the story of student life at Mount Elgin Industrial School between 1890 and 1915. Like the school itself, Nii Ndahlohke is structured in two sections. The first focuses on boys’ work, including maintenance and farm labour, the second on girls’ work, such as cooking, cleaning, and laundry. In Nii Ndahlohke readers will find a valuable piece of local, Indigenous, and Canadian history that depicts the nature of “education” provided at Canada’s Indian residential schools and the exploitation of children’s labour in order to keep school operating costs down. This history honours the students of Mount Elgin even as it reveals the injustice of Indian policy, segregated schooling, and racism in Canada. --Publisher's description

The 1907 Anti-Asian Riots: The Making of Sensibility Among Working Class Men - McKeen, Patara (University of British Columbia, 2022)
This research explores how racialized sensibility emerged through the 1907 anti-Asian riots in Vancouver and links the riots in Vancouver to the riots in Bellingham earlier in the same year. It uses mixed methods to collect data on portraits, photographs, images, editorials, and documents, employing archival ethnography to read documents along and against the grain (Stoler, 2002; 2012) to make sense of the time period and the sensibilities that underpinned the riots. Archival ethnography helps bring to light the accounts, conversations, and dialogues of colonial agents and actors, and to interpret missing data in the archive. Missing data in the archive consists of historical documents that are overlooked, misinterpreted, or destroyed. My thesis also accounts for gaps, silences, and erasures in the archive by applying critical fabulation to rearrange and reconstruct intersecting viewpoints (see Hartman, 1997; 2008; 2019). To provide a thicker analysis of archival documents, this research interprets olfactory and auditory senses as integral to the making of these riots (see Simmel, 1908/2002; see Campt, 2017; see Lee, 2010; see Mawani, 2009; see Russell, 2019; see also Blaikie, 2002). It is only through the process of combining mixed-methods, theory, and practice that the missing data in the archive can be reimagined and written as part of the historical narrative.

Serving a Wired World: London's Telecommunications Workers and the Making of an Information Capital - McKercher, Catherine (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Serving a Wired World: London's Telecommunications Workers and the Making of an Information Capital," by Katie Hindmarch-Watson.
Keywords: HINDMARCH-Watson, Katie; NONFICTION; SERVING a Wired World: London's Telecommunications Workers & the Making of an Information Capital (Book); TELECOMMUNICATION employees

“Relationships of Care”: Care and Meaning in Canadian Academic Librarian Work during COVID-19 - McLay Paterson, Amy; Eva, Nicole (Partnership: Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research / Partnership : revue canadienne de la pratique et de la recherche en bibliothéconomie et sciences de l’information, 2022)
In March and April 2021, we conducted semi-structured interviews with academic librarians from across Canada about their experiences working through COVID-19 thus far. Topics included workload, collegiality, and overall satisfaction with their working conditions during a pandemic. Themes emerged around job scurity, meaningful work, workload shifts, working from home, relationships with colleagues and administrators, and hopes for the future. While individual experiences varied greatly, the biggest uniting factor was the care and deliberation that characterized both our participants’ framing of work that was meaningful to them as well as their ideal relationships with colleagues and administrators. This research connects to previous literature on vocational awe and emotional labour in libraries. For librarians, this study connects isolated individual situations with the overall picture of what our work looked and felt like during the COVID-19 pandemic. For library administrators, we have identified some general trends, which can provide insight in the areas of communication, flexibility, and institutional support as we work toward a post-pandemic new normal.
Keywords: COVID-19; academic librarians; affective labour; bibliothécaires universitaires; care in libraries; charge de travail des bibliothécaires; le care en bibliothèque; le travail affectif; le travail des bibliothèques; librarian workload; library labour

A Re-education on How to Work: Vocational Programs in Kingston-Area Prisons, 1950–1965 - McNeill, Katie-Marie (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The Prison for Women, Kingston Penitentiary, and Collins Bay Penitentiary each offered an increasing variety of vocational training opportunities to incarcerated people in the mid-20th century. This article examines vocational training in these Kingston-area prisons from 1950 to the mid-1960s and argues that access to these programs was based largely on gender and age. Foucault's idea of governmentality supports analysis of how the Penitentiary Service of Canada, reformers, and prisoners understood the process of learning how to work. Women incarcerated at the Prison for Women were trained in fields that mirrored domestic labour, and limited numbers of younger women were given access to trial vocational training in women-dominated fields such as hairdressing. Young men in their teens and twenties incarcerated at Collins Bay Penitentiary were given access to skilled trades, while older men at Kingston Penitentiary could try to qualify for transfer to Collins Bay Penitentiary by taking basic educational course upgrades. These vocational programs were supported by the John Howard Society of Ontario and the Elizabeth Fry Society of Kingston, local prisoner aid societies that helped formerly incarcerated people find jobs and coordinated with prison administration to bolster rehabilitation programs.
Keywords: EDUCATION of prisoners; KINGSTON (Ont.); OCCUPATIONAL training; PRISON reform; PRISONS; REFORMATORIES for women; WOMEN prisoners; carceral state; gender and incarceration; genre et incarcération; prison labour; prisons; travail des prisonnières et prisonniers; État carcéral

Disruptive Prisoners: Resistance, Reform, and the New Deal - McNeill, Katie-Marie (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Disruptive Prisoners: Resistance, Reform, and the New Deal," by Chris Clarkson and Melissa Munn.
Keywords: CLARKSON, Chris; DISRUPTIVE Prisoners: Resistance, Reform & the New Deal (Book); MUNN, Melissa; NONFICTION; PRISON reform

Displacement City: Fighting for Health and Homes in a Pandemic - Micallef, Shawn; Maynard, Robyn (Aevo UTP, an imprint of University of Toronto Press, 2022)
Canada's major cities have faced the humanitarian disaster of homelessness for decades, but the COVID-19 pandemic laid bare a massive deficit in social programs and widespread inattention to human rights. Are municipal public services designed to essentially produce displacement? Or can we do something to end the growing problem of urban homelessness in Canada? In Displacement City, outreach worker Greg Cook and street nurse Cathy Crowe illuminate this infrastructure of displacement through prose, poetry, and photography. Contributors to the book, including those with lived experience of homelessness in Toronto, report on the realities of the situation and how people responded: by providing disaster-relief supplies and tiny shelters for encampments, by advocating for shelter-hotels where people could physically distance, by taking the city to court, and by rising up against encampment evictions. The book provides particular insight into policies affecting Indigenous peoples and how the legacy of colonialism and displacement reached a critical point during the pandemic. This collection of first-hand accounts shows how people are fighting back for homes. It also mourns the hundreds of preventable deaths that resulted from an unjust shelter system and the lack of a national housing program. Offering rich stories of care, mutual aid, and solidarity, Displacement City provides a vivid account of a national tragedy. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: Aboriginal Canadians Economic conditions Ontario Toronto; Aboriginal Canadians Health Health services Ontario Toronto; Aboriginal Canadians Housing Ontario Toronto; Aboriginal Canadians Social services Ontario Toronto; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- Social aspects Ontario Toronto; Homeless persons Services for; Homeless persons Services for Ontario Toronto; Homelessness; Homelessness Ontario Toronto; Housing; Housing Ontario Toronto; Itinérance Ontario Toronto; Logement Ontario Toronto; Ontario Toronto; Pandémie de COVID-19, 2020- Aspect social Ontario Toronto; Sans-abri Logement Ontario Toronto; Sans-abri Services Ontario Toronto; Shelters for the homeless; Shelters for the homeless Ontario Toronto; Since 2020; Social aspects

Grossières indécences : Pratiques et identités homosexuelles à Montréal, 1880–1929 - Michaud, Mathilde (Labour / Le Travail, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "Grossières indécences : Pratiques et identités homosexuelles à Montréal, 1880–1929," by Dominic Dagenais
Keywords: DAGENAIS, Dominic; GROSSIERES indecences: Pratiques et identites homosexuelles a Montreal 1880-1929 (Book); HOMOSEXUALITY; MONTREAL (Quebec); NONFICTION

Art, Work: Subsumption, Posthumanism and Artistic Responses to Surveillance Capitalism - Mirzayan, Anna (Western University, 2022)
This dissertation brings together multiple discourses, including surveillance studies, autonomist Marxism and posthumanism, as the groundwork for a novel discussion of contemporary visual art— in particular surveillance art, that is, art that addresses and problematizes the omnipresent digital monitoring now part of everyday life. Because in this dissertation contemporary art is defined as necessarily political, aesthetic (in the Kantian sense) and responsive to conditions of current history and society, I use Marxist theory to identify the particular features of contemporary capitalism that this art is responding to. I first characterize post-Fordist capitalism, focusing on the increasing reliance on extracting network value from what Maurizio Lazzarato called immaterial labour. I discuss Marx’s theories of formal and real subsumption vis-a-vis their impacts on production, technology and subjectivity, and conclude that we need a new term that adequately emphasizes the novel imbrication of technology and subjectivity. In particular, I claim that surveillance capitalism, rising from military technologies and research, characterizes capitalist valorization under hypersubsumption. I then look at the impact of surveillance on labour and subjectivity, with a particular focus on unwaged immaterial activities. Do these activities count as work? To answer that, I propose looking at a combination of Marx’s concept of unproductive labour with a modified type of constant capital. I conclude that the effects of hypersubsumption on labour, consumption and production have produced a new type of capitalist subjectivity: coerced posthumanism, which I contrast with Marx’s authentic species-being. In order glimpse a post-capitalist species-being, I articulate a theory of contemporary art by bringing together Jacques Rancière’s dissensus with Peter Osborne’s notion of contemporary art; both theorists show how contemporary art is necessarily political— what’s more, it is oriented towards an open future. I then apply their ideas to particular artists who have responded to capitalist surveillance by creating ‘artveillance’ (art about surveillance). I evaluate the political effectiveness of three categories of artveillance as experiments in post-capitalist sensoriums.

Changes in the Prevalence of Nonstandard Employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic - Mitri, Katelyn; Sartor, Stephen (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically impacted employment across Canada. While several reports show an increase in job loss and unemployment, there is little mention of changes in types of employment during the pandemic. Drawing on the Canadian Labour Force Surveys from 2017-2021, this article explored how the pandemic affected nonstandard employment rates while examining whether these impacts differed by certain sociodemographic variables. Namely, differences in rates of nonstandard employment were explored by gender, immigrant status, and age group. The main finding was that rates of nonstandard wage work (temporary and part-time employment) decreased during the first initial lockdown and returned to pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2020. Meanwhile, own-account and part-time self-employment increased during the first wave of the pandemic. While these increases were uniformly experienced across different groups of workers, there is some evidence of widening or narrowing gaps in rates of nonstandard employment depending on the sociodemographic group.
Keywords: Age groups; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Canada; Canadian Labour Congress; Confinement; Employment statistics; Gender; Genre; Immigrants; Immigration; Lockdown; Self-employment; Sociodemographic factors; Unemployment statistics; chômage; emploi atypique; nonstandard employment; unemployment; âge

Racism, Discrimination and Migrant Workers in Canada: Evidence from the Literature - Mooten, Nalinie (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2022)
The primary objective of this review is to identify and analyze potential markers of racism and discrimination in immigration policy that impact migrant workers in Canada, most specifically those in the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and the Caregiver Streams that are part of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program. The review also examines the International Mobility Program, albeit from a more limited perspective, due to a still nascent, yet fast-growing, literature on the subject.Footnote5 Overall, studies and reports mostly focus on substandard conditions of labour, lack of access, or restricted access, to social services and permanent residence pathways that are typically available to workers from higher-waged and higher-skilled categories. Indeed, most of the literature, including reports from non-profit organizations, and parliamentary committees refer to issues of “abuse and exploitation” in temporary migration programs, including in specific segments of the International Mobility Program. --Executive summary

The Economists' Hour: False Prophets, Free Markets, and The Fracture of Society - Muldoon, Jefferey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2022)
The article reviews the book, "The Economists' Hour: False Prophets, Free Markets, and The Fracture of Society," by Binyamin Appelbaum.