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Today every citizen secures some minimum of education; and the majority of parents regard the schooling of their children as a matter to be taken for granted. The school leaving age, of course, varies with the standards of the community and its laws. But all public school students, particularly of adolescent age, must sooner or later consider this academic work partly as the training for some specific occupation, career, or job. The important question before the community today, then, is a classification of the relationships between the educations we give and the vocations we seek. Such a problem involves an understanding of the primary school system and its adequacy; the relation of elementary to secondary and higher types of education; the facilities for technical and commercial training, the demands of current and future industry, and the present methods (and lack of them) by which young persons pass from school to employment.
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The pages of this "historical thesis" have been developed with the realization that many teachers, and others interested in the professional activities of teachers, would like to have made available a compilation of material concerning Canadian teachers' organizations. The facts presented deal with the Canadian Teachers' Federation, and provincíal organizations affiliated with the Dominion body; and while not as complete as could be desired they do give a panoramic picture from West to East of the twelve provincial organizations united into a co-operative whole by the Canadian Teachers' Federation. Canadian teachers' organizations have had some share in the development of Canadian educational systems and methods. The recognition by two of our provincial governments of the principle of exclusive membership in statutory professional teachers' organizations will doubtless enable teachers and educational specialists to use their influence more effectively. --Author's preface
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The survival of the French Canadians as a distinct ethnic group in the midst of a much larger and more pervasive English-speaking society is, in many ways, usique in the history of race and culture contact. Numbering some 60,000 at the time of the British conquest of Canada in 1163, the French, by virtue of a high rate of natural increase, have grown to almost 3,000,000 in this country. The traditions and customs peculiar to French Canada center around the most cherished elements of its culture: the French language and the Catholic religion. These, in contrast to English Protestantism, are the main distinguishing factors between the two major ethnic groups in the Province of Quebec. Essentialy local and personal, and wedded to the soil, the traditional French Canadian culture, while protected by constitutional guarantees, developed and expanded in a state of comparative isolation. During the last few decades, however, secular conditions essential to the maintenance of cultural separateness have been disappearing steadily. Economic expansion, spreading from technically more advanced societies to undeveloped regions, has been the universal agent of culture contact and concentration of population in large urban centres....