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The family economy of the working class in the period of early industrial capitalism is examined in this thesis. Changes in the involvement of family members in wage labour, in education, in non-wage and domestic labour at home as well as in patterns of marriage, childbearing and residential arrangements are assessed. Analysis is based on data collected from the manuscript censuses for two working class Montreal wards, Ste. Anne and St. Jacques between 1861 and 1881. This is complemented by information from other contemporary quantitative and descriptive sources. The roles of fathers, children and mothers are examined in separate chapters for age and gender combined with class position to determine people's roles in the family and in the wider economy. Within the working class, the level and regularity of men's wages set the contours of the family economy conditioning the need for and the nature of other survival strategies. Differences of around 25 cents a day translated over a year into the possibility of divergent standards of living, roughly dividing the working class into separate, identifiable fractions. Each favoured particular survival strategies and exhibited different patterns of family labour commitment, marriage, reproduction and residence. Over this period the contours of working class youth were reshaped. Growing numbers of children aged six to twelve attended school. An increasing proportion of older children were drawn into wage labour. Boys were more likely to work for wages than girls. Girls worked in a narrower range of jobs and for a shorter span of their lives. On marriage most ceased wage earning. With whatever money others earned, they tried to ensure that the family's wage labourers faced each day sufficiently fed, clothed and rested to work. And, in abysmal living conditions they produced and socialized the next generation of workers. Occasionally seeking wage labour themselves, raising animals or gardens, or sharing their homes helped some women to come closer to balancing family budgets. Working class women remained, however, both economically and legally dependent on their husbands. This dependence was highlighted in the problems that widows faced when they tried to raise and feed a fatherless family.

This article reviews the book, "Abolition and After the Paper Box Wages Council," by C. Craig, Jill Rubery, Roger Tarling & Frank Wilkinson.

This article reviews the book, "Theories of Organizations: Form, Process and Transformation," by Jerald Hage.

This article reviews the book, "Culture and Adult Education: A Study of Alberta and Quebec", by Hayden Roberts.

This article reviews the book, "Deer Forests, Landlords, and Crofters: The Western Highlands in Victorian and Edwardian Times", by Willie Orr.

The present study reports on the experiences of a group of 58 former Canadian Admiral employees who enrolled in academic upgrading or retraining programs sponsored by the Federal government. The emphasis is placed on their student role, and expectations for the future, since all were still in retraining.

In March 1902, 3000 men were in St. John's prepared to go to the ice when rumours of lowered wages precipitated a major strike. The event produced minimal violence and delayed the fleet's sailing for only two days. Nevertheless, it was the only major sealing labour action in the era of the famous "wooden walls" and for the first time some limits were placed on the power of the Water Street merchant elite. Long-range causes involve many aspects of Newfoundland political, social, and economic organization; results included sealing safety legislation and encouragement of the foundation of William Coaker's Fisherman's Protective Union. The article discusses the background, evolution, and significance of the strike.

This Commission was established by the federal government and was publicly announced on June 27, 1983. The Terms of Reference required the Commission to explore the most efficient, effective, and equitable means of promoting equality in employment for four groups: women, native people, disabled persons, and visible minorities. .At the same time, it was to inquire specifically into the employment practices of 11 designated crown and government-owned corporations. It was clear at the outset that only a broad approach would serve, and the Commission therefore treated the 11 designated corporations as illustrative models of the issues under study. No corporation's employment practices can be assessed fairly in a cultural vacuum. It would be difficult at best to make judgements about the adequacy of the practices of crown and government-owned corporations without placing these practices in the context of what other Canadians do, believe, or expect. --From "The Process" [introduction]

This article reviews the book, "A Flannel Shirt and Liberty: British Emigrant Gentlewomen in the Canadian West, 1880-1914", edited by Susan Jackel.

L'auteur expose les grandes lignes des changements profonds apportes au Code du travail français par les lois Auroux en 1982. Il explicite les motivations qui éclairent leur présentation ainsi que l'accueil qui leur a été fait.

This article reviews the book, "Class, Power and Property: Essays on Canadian Society", by Wallace Clement.

This article reviews the book, "The Militancy of British Miners," by V.L. Allen.

This article reviews the book, "L'arbitrage des griefs et les infractions disciplinaires à caractère criminel," by Francine Gauthier-Montplaisir.

Cette étude passe en revue les modèles économiques usuels de détermination des avantages sociaux qui, pour la plupart, ont été développes et testes aux États-Unis. Elle présente des résultats d'estimation inédits pour le Canada et en tire un certain nombre d'implications pour les finances publiques, la politique économique et la compréhension du fonctionnement des marches du travail.

This article reviews the book, "Renewal in the Workplace : A Critical Look at Collective Bargaining," by Harry Antonides.

Trade unions were not criminal conspiracies in Canadian law prior to the passage of the Trade Unions Act. In a series of trials between 1854 and 1872 the Toronto criminal courts consistently failed to convict workers on evidence that would have warranted conviction had combinations to raise wages or lessen hours been considered to be criminal conspiracies. Analysis of the English case-law reveals a lack of judicial consensus that such combinations were criminal conspiracies, and in any event all such statements of law were merely obiter dicta. While such trade union purposes as raising wages could serve as evidence of combination, there was no criminal conspiracy in the absence of specific crimes.

[This book] is the last of a 5-volume series of readers designed to present an overview of Canada's social history, encompassing such topics as economic development, social structure, protest and violence, social control, work and workers, and the changing role of women. In this volume the editors have commissioned a collection of original essays designed to provide a scholarly response to the vital questions: "Who are we as a people? How did we become what we are?" The extent and influence of foreign ownership in the post-war world is examined by Paul Phillips and Stephen Watson. David Wolfe chronicles the emergence of the welfare state after the war and its recent decline. Michael Behiels explores the ideological tensions among federalist, nationalist, and socialist intellectuals in Quebec and Canada. Ruther Pierson and Marjorie Cohen discuss sexual bias in federal manpower policies in depression, war, and reconstruction. The struggles of labour, management, and government are examined in articles by Wayne Robert and John Bullen, and by Wallace Clement. And the education system as a instrument of social control is the subject of Paul Axelrod's essay. --Publisher's description

This article reviews the book, "Work and Politics. The Division of Labor in Industry", by Charles F. Sabel.

L'annulation du congédiement pour raison de vice de procédure entraine-t-elle l'incapacité de l'employeur de procéder à un nouveau congédiement fonde sur les mêmes faits.

This article reviews the book, "Une majorité laborieuse. Les femmes qui gagnent leur vie, mais à quel prix," by Pat Armstrong & Hugh Armstong.