All the Atlantic Mountains Shook

Analyzes the intersection of African slavery, the English civil war and related political debates, the Black presence in England, the criminalization of poverty, and the migration of paupers overseas during the early modern period. Argues that the transmission and transformation of language, cultures, labour, and capital occurred while onboard ships of the Atlantic in addition to their ports of call in Africa, plantations in the West Indies and North America, and England. Based on a paper given at the World Turned Upside Down Conference at the Philadelphia Center for Early American Studies, November 1981.