In the Name of Liberty: The Argument for Universal Unionization - Talarico, Andrea (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2020)
The article reviews the book, " In the Name of Liberty: The Argument for Universal Unionization," by Mark R. Reiff.

How to Pronounce Knife: Stories - Thammavongsa, Souvankham (Penguin Random House Canada, 2020)
Named one of Time's Must-Read Books of 2020, and featuring stories that have appeared in Harper's, Granta, The Atlantic, and The Paris Review, this revelatory book of fiction from O. Henry Award winner Souvankham Thammavongsa establishes her as an essential new voice in Canadian and world literature. Told with compassion and wry humour, these stories honour characters struggling to find their bearings far from home, even as they do the necessary "grunt work of the world." A young man painting nails at the local salon. A woman plucking feathers at a chicken processing plant. A father who packs furniture to move into homes he'll never afford. A housewife learning English from daytime soap operas. In her stunning Giller Prize-winning debut book of fiction, Souvankham Thammavongsa focuses on characters struggling to make a living, illuminating their hopes, disappointments, love affairs, acts of defiance, and above all their pursuit of a place to make their own. In spare, intimate prose charged with emotional power and a sly wit, she paints an indelible portrait of watchful children, wounded men, and restless women caught between cultures, languages, and values. As one of Thammavongsa's characters says, "All we wanted was to live." And in these stories, they do—brightly, ferociously, unforgettably. A daughter becomes an unwilling accomplice in her mother's growing infatuation with country singer Randy Travis. A former boxer finds a chance at redemption while working at his sister's nail salon. A school bus driver must grapple with how much he's willing to give up in order to belong. And in the title story, a young girl's unconditional love for her father transcends language. Tender, uncompromising, and fiercely alive, How to Pronounce Knife establishes Souvankham Thammavongsa as one of the most important voices of her generation. --Publisher's description
Keywords: Audiobooks; Downloadable audio books; Livres audio; Nouvelles canadiennes; Short stories Women authors; Short stories, Canadian; Écrits de femmes

Remembering 1919: The Winnipeg General Strike - Thiessen, Janis Lee (Labour / Le Travail, 2020)
Despite an abundance of research on the Winnipeg Genral Strike of 1919, how the strike has been remembered and commemorated by subsequent generations of Winnipeggers has been understudied. Though many archived oral histories of those involved in the strike exist, the intergenerational memory of the strike has been largely unaddressed. In anticipaton of the strike's centennial, I conducted oral history interviews with six descedants of those involved in the 1919 strike, to learn how stories of the strike have been passed down in their families and how those stories shaped the interviewees' own understandings of labour and social justice. These interviews, though limited in number, attest to the importance of memory (both individual and collective) in oral history and, subsequently, in labour history.

Blue Solidarity: Police Unions, Race and Authoritarian Populism in North America - Thomas, Mark P; Tufts, Steven (Work, Employment and Society, 2020)
With a focus on police unions in the United States and Canada, this article argues that the construction of ‘blue solidarity’, including through recent Blue Lives Matter campaigns, serves to repress racial justice movements that challenge police authority, acts as a counter to broader working class resistance to austerity and contributes to rising right-wing populism. Specifically, the article develops a case study analysis of Blue Lives Matter campaigns in North America to argue that police unions construct forms of ‘blue solidarity’ that produce divisions with other labour and social movements and contribute to a privileged status of their own members vis-a-vis the working class more generally. As part of this process, police unions support tactics that reproduce racialised ‘othering’ and that stigmatise and discriminate against racialised workers and communities. The article concludes by arguing that organised labour should maintain a critical distance from police unions.
Keywords: Blue Lives Matter; institutionalised racism; police unions; right-wing populism

Flexibility for Who? Working Time, the Ontario Employment Standards Act and the Experiences of Workers in Low-Wage and Precarious Jobs: De la flexibilité pour qui? Loi sur les normes du travail de l’Ontario et temps de travail : expérience de travailleurs à bas salaire et occupant des emplois précaires - Thomas, Mark; Condratto, Shelley; Landry, Danielle; Steedman, Mercedes (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2020)
In Ontario, hours of work and overtime standards are regulated by the Employment Standards Act (ESA). This legislation covers most employers and employees in the province. As part of an ESA reforms process designed to promote workplace flexibility and enhance competitiveness, the Ontario ESA (2000) allowed for the extension of weekly maximum hours from 48 to 60, and the calculation of overtime pay entitlements to be based on an averaging of hours of work over up to a four-week period. Situated in the context of shifts towards greater working time flexibility, this paper examines the dynamics of working time regulation in the Ontario ESA, with a specific focus on the regulation of excess and overtime hours. The paper considers these processes in relation to general trends towards forms of labour market regulation that support employer-oriented flexibility and that download the regulation of employment standards to privatized negotiations between individual employees and their employers, tendencies present in the ESA that were sustained through further reforms introduced in 2018 and 2019. The paper draws its analysis from interviews with both workers in precarious jobs and Employment Standards Officers from the Ontario Ministry of Labour (MOL), as well as administrative data from the MOL and archival records. In the general context of the rise of precarious employment, the paper argues that ESA hours of work and overtime provisions premised upon creating working time flexibility enhance employer control over time, exacerbate time pressures and uncertainty experienced by workers in precarious jobs, and thereby intensify conditions of precariousness. The article situates the working time provisions of Ontario’s ESA in the context of an ongoing fragmentation of the regulation of working time as legislated standards are eroded in ways that make workers in precarious jobs more vulnerable to employer exploitation.
Keywords: Ontario; employment standards; normes minimales de travail; precarious work; temps de travail; travail précaire; working time

More Sugar, Less Salt: - Thompson, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2020)
A champion of impoverished women, children, immigrants, and the unemployed, Edith Hancox’s chosen family were capital’s dispossessed. Rosemary Hennessy’s material feminist theory of affect-culture and Antonio Gramsci’s articulation of the impassioned organic intellectual offer a conceptual framework for the emotive role Hancox played in nurturing and sustaining working-class resistance in the aftermath of the Winnipeg General Strike. A partial biography is gleaned from contemporary newspaper reports, Hancox’s journalism, government records, family correspondence, and other archival sources. What emerges is a glimpse into the actions, thoughts, and lived experiences of a profoundly significant, yet neglected, socialist feminist. An illegitimate birth, servitude, marriage, motherhood, immigration, and a critical engagement with organized religion formed the basis of Hancox’s radical leadership during the Winnipeg revolt. As secretary of the first national unemployment association in Canada, Hancox mobilized thousands of the nation’s workless and presented a devastating gender, race, and class critique of liberal capitalism. Through her writing and activism, she also challenged the most important leftist organizations of her era – the Labor Church, the Women’s Labor League, the One Big Union, and the Communist Party of Canada – to build a more expansive and inclusive revolutionary movement.

The CHL Players’ Class Action – Players’ Victory or CHL Shutout? - Thornicroft, Kenneth Wm. (CanLII Connects, 2020)
Are “major junior” hockey players amateur athletes honing their skills with a view to playing professional hockey, or employees working in for-profit businesses? This question lies at the heart of the ongoing class actions involving the Canadian Hockey League (“CHL”) and its member leagues and teams (the “CHL Litigation”). --From introduction

Adjunct Underclass: How America’s Colleges Betrayed Their Faculty, Their Students, and Their Mission - Tough, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2020)
The article reviews the book, "Adjunct Underclass: How America’s Colleges Betrayed Their Faculty, Their Students, and Their Mission," by Herb Childress.

Freedom to Strike? What Freedom to Strike? Back-to-Work Legislation and the Freedom to Strike in Historical and Legal Perspective - Tucker, Eric (Labour / Le Travail, 2020)
Analyzes the historical and legal framework of restrictive labour laws that constrain the right to strike. Argues that, although the Supreme Court of Canada upheld the constitutional freedom to strike in 2015, the impact of the SCC ruling should be assessed within this broader context.

Class Crimes: Master and Servant Laws and Factories Acts in Industrializing Britain and (Ontario) Canada - Tucker, Eric; Fudge, Judy (Criminality at Work, 2020)
This chapter compares the historical development and use of criminal law at work in the United Kingdom and in Ontario, Canada. Specifically, it considers the use of the criminal law both in the master and servant regime as an instrument for disciplining the workforce and in factory legislation for protecting workers from unhealthy and unsafe working conditions, including exceedingly long hours work. Master and servant legislation that criminalized servant breaches of contract originated in the United Kingdom where it was widely used in the nineteenth century to discipline industrial workers. These laws were partially replicated in Ontario, where it had shallower roots and was used less aggressively. At the same time as the use of criminal law to enforce master and servant law was contested, legislatures in the United Kingdom and Ontario enacted protective factory acts limiting the length of the working day. However, these factory acts did not treat employer violations crimes; instead, they were treated as lesser ‘regulatory’ offences for which employers were rarely prosecuted.

Newcomers as Potential Drivers of Union Revitalization: Survey Evidence from Belgium - Vandaele, Kurt (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2020)
Most people tend to join mainstream trade unions for instrumental motives and not so much for ideological reasons. This instrumentalism, together with the passivity of most union members, endangers members’ union loyalty and their willingness to act collectively. One possible way to de-emphasize the traditional model of service-oriented unionism and strengthen union commitment is to involve members in small union tasks. By partially assigning day-to-day union work to lay members, it is believed that over-stretched union representatives will be able to assign more time to implementing union policies of strategic importance. The article examines to what extent new union members are willing to voluntarily engage in union tasks inspired by organizing unionism. To test this empirically, an e-survey was conducted among first-time members of a Belgian union. Predominantly young, the respondents had been members of the union for maximum of seven years. Belgium is an interesting case for exploring how member-union ties can be boosted, as it is a quintessential example of a country with a high union density characterized by instrumental and passive membership. Following the deletion of cases with missing data, 518 observations are available for analysis. The dependent variable measures the organizing-oriented activism intent based on union tasks reflecting one-on-one organizing tactics for reaching out to potential members. A critical mass of 41.3% new members is (greatly) interested in at least one task. The regression results show that two variables derived from the planned behaviour theory significantly influence organizing-based union tasks: the pro-union context and behavioural self-control, with the latter in particular a very strong antecedent. Apart from the finding that a larger membership base is interested in performing organizing-oriented tasks, the results also, support a developmental view on union activism, i.e. a step-by-step approach to stimulating union activism via introducing various levels of union participation.
Keywords: jeunes travailleurs; membres; organizing; participation; renewal; renouveau organisationnel; syndicat; trade union; union membership; union participation; young worker

Closing the Enforcement Gap: Improving Employment Standards Protections for People in Precarious Jobs - Vosko, Leah F.; Closing the Enforcement Gap Research Group; Grundy, John; Akkayamak, Guliz; Noack, Andrea M.; Casey, Rebecca; Hoe, Alice; Hall, Alan; Tucker, Eric; Condratto, Shelley; Mirchandani, Kiran; Soni-Sinha, Urvashi; et al. (Studies in comparative political economy and public policy, 2020)
The nature of employment is changing: low wage jobs are increasingly common, fewer workers belong to unions, and workplaces are being transformed through the growth of contracting-out, franchising, and extended supply chains. Closing the Enforcement Gap offers a comprehensive analysis of the enforcement of employment standards in Ontario. Adopting mixed methods, this work includes qualitative research involving in-depth interviews with workers, community advocates, and enforcement officials; extensive archival research excavating decades of ministerial records; and analysis of a previously untapped source of administrative data collected by Ontario’s Ministry of Labour. The authors reveal and trace the roots of a deepening "enforcement gap" that pervades nearly all aspects of the regime, demonstrating that the province’s Employment Standards Act (ESA) fails too many workers who rely on the floor of minimum conditions it was devised to provide. Arguably, there is nothing inevitable about the enforcement gap in Ontario or for that matter elsewhere. Through contributions from leading employment standards enforcement scholars in the US, the UK, and Australia, as well as Quebec, Closing the Enforcement Gap surveys innovative enforcement models that are emerging in a variety of jurisdictions and sets out a bold vision for strengthening employment standards enforcement. -- Publisher's description.

"Keep Your Mind on Your Job": Women Workers, Beauty Culture, and Dangerous Bodies in the Wartime Industrial Workplace - Vugt, Sarah Van (Making the Best of It: Women and Girls of Canada and Newfoundland During the Second World War, 2020)
Many women who lived through the Second World War believed it heralded new status and opportunities, but scholars have argued that very little changed. How can these interpretations be reconciled? Making the Best of It examines the ways in which gender and other identities intersected to shape the experiences of female Canadians and Newfoundlanders during the war. The contributors to this thoughtful collection consider mainstream and minority populations, girls and women, and different parts of Canada and Newfoundland. They reassess topics such as women's presence in the military and in munitions factories, and tackle entirely new subjects such as wartime girlhood in Quebec. Collectively, these essays broaden the scope of what we know about the changes the war wrought, and draw on diverse methodologies to address wider debates about memory, historiography, and feminism. Making the Best of It offers new insights into the impact of the Second World War and lays the foundation for a better understanding of the dramatic alterations that occurred in the lives of women and girls in Canada after the 1940s. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: 1900-1999; Canada; Canadian essays; Femmes Canada Conditions sociales 20e siècle; Femmes Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador Conditions sociales 20e siècle; Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945 Femmes Canada; Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945 Femmes Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador; Women; Women Canada Social conditions 20th century; Women Newfoundland and Labrador Social conditions 20th century; Women Social conditions; World War, 1939-1945 Women Canada; World War, 1939-1945 Women Newfoundland and Labrador

Moved by the State: Forced Relocation and Making a Good Life in Post War Canada - Walls, Martha (Labour / Le Travail, 2020)
The article reviews the book, "Moved by the State: Forced Relocation and Making a Good Life in Post War Canada," by Tina Loo.

An International History of Coalminers’ Actions to Voice Resistance to the Appropriation of their Safety and Health, 1870-1925 - Walters, David; Quinlan, Michael (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2020)
This paper seeks to explore the history of miners’ struggles to represent their interests in health and safety in coalmines in a range of countries in the period between 1870 and 1925. It has two objectives, the first objective being to examine these struggles both in terms of what determined them and how effective they were. The second objective is to assess the significance of these struggles for current understandings of representative participation in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). Starting with late 19th century Australia, the research method involved search, retrieval and analysis of historical sources including newspaper accounts, recorded testimony to Commissions of Inquiry into mining incidents and disasters, records of the debates of the legislature on relevant regulatory reforms and records of trade union meetings, as well as the accounts of contemporary observers and published analysis. Extending its inquiry to other countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, France and Belgium, the methods used for these countries were less focused on newspaper accounts and more reliant on the analysis of published historical records of national and international trade union congresses, and those of the legislatures of these countries, as well as theses and accounts in the research literature. In combination, these sources corroborate one another and provide rich qualitative data, the analysis of which has achieved both research objectives. As well as filling an important gap in the literature on the development of worker involvement in OHS, this paper shows that coalminers’ struggles and strategies for workers to have a say in their health and safety, and the contexts that shaped them are both instructive and important in understanding current experiences.
Keywords: coalmining; health and safety; histoire; history; mine de charbon; mineur; minor; représentation des travailleurs; santé et sécurité; worker representation

Histoire du taxi à Montréal : des taxis jaunes à UberX - Warren, Jean-Philippe (Essai, 2020)
Comme toutes les grandes villes occidentales, Montréal fourmille de taxis qui parcourent les rues, font la navette entre l'aéroport et le centre-ville, attendent près des stations de métro, des hôpitaux et des grands hôtels. Trains, tramways, autobus, métros et vélos de Montréal ont eu droit à leur histoire, mais pas les taxis. Le monde du taxi est pourtant un sujet riche et complexe, un carrefour où se rencontrent plusieurs spécialisations de l'histoire : urbaine, politique, économique, sans oublier le travail et l'immigration. Depuis sa voiture, le chauffeur ou la chauffeuse est témoin des rapports tendus entre le travailleur et l'État, la ville et les citoyens, les quartiers excentrés et le centre-ville, le peuple et les élites. Il est aussi témoin des luttes entre la majorité francophone et les minorités culturelles, des mutations technologiques et de l'essor du transport en commun. Le monde du taxi, c'est aussi et surtout des travailleurs qui forment une catégorie sociale unique et qui pratiquent un métier rempli de paradoxes. Au fil de son enquête, faite de recherches sur l'industrie et d'entretiens avec ses acteurs, Jean-Philippe Warren en est venu à la conclusion que le chauffeur de taxi est la dernière incarnation du cowboy : libre de ses mouvements, de son emploi du temps, mais prisonnier de quantité de facteurs. Il peut arrêter de travailler quand il veut et travaille sans cesse. Il a toujours de l'argent dans ses poches, mais est pauvre. Il veut que l'État intervienne pour le protéger, mais exècre les régulations. Il pratique un métier monotone, mais rempli d'imprévus. Il est à la fois entouré de monde et seul. S'ajoutant à la diversité ethnique des membres de la profession, ces paradoxes créent une sous-culture absolument fascinante où se jouent des luttes de pouvoir économique et de contrôle territorial. Une sous-culture tout aussi difficile à intégrer qu'à quitter. En utilisant les ressources combinées de l'histoire et des sciences sociales, en mêlant l'examen des archives et l'enquête de terrain, cette première histoire du taxi à Montréal débouche sur un portrait inédit de la ville. Elle se veut aussi une contribution à la compréhension d'un monde qui cultive les extrêmes et qui, s'il veut se transformer pour le mieux, pour le bien-être de ses travailleurs, de leurs familles et des usagers, doit s'appuyer sur des données tangibles et une histoire critique. --Publisher's description
Keywords: History; Québec Montréal; Taxicabs; Taxicabs Québec (Province) Montréal History; Taxis Québec (Province) Montréal Histoire

The parties agree that... The role of collective bargaining in advancing university goals - Webber, Michelle; Rose-Krasnor, Linda (Academic Matters, 2020)
Universities play a vital role in society and the principles of academic freedom, tenure, equity, and institutional autonomy are foundational to their success. How are these principles defended and strengthened? Through collective bargaining. --Editor's note

Imperial Standard: Imperial Oil, Exxon, and the Canadian Oil Industry from 1880 - Wereley, Ian (Labour / Le Travail, 2020)
The article reviews the book, "Imperial Standard: Imperial Oil, Exxon, and the Canadian Oil Industry from 1880," by Graham D. Taylor.

Canadian Political Economy - Whiteside, Heather (University of Toronto Press, 2020)
In Canadian Political Economy, experts from a number of disciplinary backgrounds come together to explore Canada's empirical political economy and the field's contributions to theory and debate. Considering both historical and contemporary approaches to CPE, the contributors pay particular attention to key actors and institutions, as well as developments in Canadian political-economic policies and practices, explored through themes of changes, crises, and conflicts in CPE. Offering up-to-date interpretations, analyses, and descriptions, Canadian Political Economy is accessibly written and suitable for students and scholars. In 17 chapters, the book's topics include theory, history, inequality, work, free trade and fair trade, co-operatives, banking and finance, the environment, Indigeneity, and the gendered politics of political economy. Linking longstanding debates with current developments, this volume represents both a state-of-the-discipline and a state-of-the-art contribution to scholarship. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: 2000-2099; Canada; Canada Conditions économiques 21e siècle; Canada Economic conditions 21st century; Canada Politics and government 21st century; Canada Politique et gouvernement 21e siècle; Economic history; Economics; Economics Canada; Politics and government; Économie politique Canada

The Commodification of Living Beings in the Fur Trade: The Intersection of Cheap Raw Materials and Cheap Labor - Wilson, Tamar Diana (The Capitalist Commodification of Animals, 2020)
The eighteenth- and nineteenth-century fur trade in the United States and Canada that sent hundreds of thousands of furs to Europe and China relied on “Cheap Labor” and the abundance of “Cheap Raw Materials,” that is to say, living beings such as sea otter, land otter, beaver, and seals. Native American labor, procured by and paid through trade goods in a kind of “putting out” piece-rate system, was cheap partially because their lives were maintained/reproduced through traditional agricultural or hunting and gathering economies. The commodification of fur-bearing animals led to their sharp decline and in some cases near extinction. Cheap labor and cheap living beings interacted dynamically in unison to enable capital accumulation under mercantile capitalism. At the very end of the nineteenth century, fur farming as a petty capitalist enterprise became common in Canada and the United States, and more recently has expanded greatly in China.

Mapping Ruling Relations Through Homelessness Organizing - Withers, A. J. (York University, 2020)
Poor peoples organizing can be effective even in periods of neoliberal retrenchment. This dissertation examines ruling relations and the social relations of struggle from the standpoint of the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. With political activist ethnography as my central theoretical framework and methodological approach, I conducted field research, interviews and textual analysis of City and organizational documents. Focusing on OCAPs homelessness campaigns, I examine the social relations of struggle in three campaigns in Toronto: a campaign to stop the criminalization of homeless people in a public park by private security, a campaign to increase access to a social assistance benefit for people in emergency housing need, and a campaign to increase the number and improve the conditions of emergency shelter beds. My research demonstrates the active and ongoing research and theorization that anti-poverty activists engage in as well as the practices of delegitimization, excluding critique, testimonial injustice and epistemic violence that ruling relations engage in to counter activist research and theory. Some of this research and theory has regarded both Housing First policy and philosophy and Torontos emergency shelter system which OCAP, homeless people and other advocates have been decrying as unjust and inept for years. This dissertation explicates some of the ways that the City works to delegitimize its challengers and demonstrates the validity of many of the longstanding critiques of the ruling regime. While the City of Toronto has worked to contain homelessness organizing in Toronto, and deployed numerous demobilization tactics to do so, each campaign was fully or partially successful. Full or partial victories were secured by anti-poverty activists through the use (or threat) of direct action tactics.

A Fistful of Shells: West Africa from the Rise of the Slave Trade to the Age of Revolution - Zachernuk, Philip S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2020)
The article reviews the book, "A Fistful of Shells: West Africa from the Rise of the Slave Trade to the Age of Revolution," by Toby Green.

The Left in the United States and the Decline of the Socialist Party of America, 1934–1935 - Zumoff, Jacob A. (Labour / Le Travail, 2020)
In the early years of the Great Depression, the American Socialist Party (sp) attracted left-wing youth and intellectuals at the same time that it faced the challenges of distinguishing itself from the Democratic Party of Franklin D. Roosevelt. By 1936, as its right-wing historic leadership (the “Old Guard”) left the sp and many of the more left-wing members of the sp had decamped, the party dwindled to a shell of its former strength. This article examines the internal struggles within the sp between the Old Guard and the left-wing “Militant” groupings and analyzes how the groups to the left of the sp reacted, particularly the pro-Moscow Communist Party and the supporters of Trotsky and Bukharin who were organized into two smaller groups, the Communist Party (Opposition) and Workers Party.

Divided Province: Ontario Politics in the Age of Neoliberalism - Toye, Brent (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Divided Province: Ontario Politics in the Age of Neoliberalism," edited by Greg Albo and Bryan Evans.

Canadian Labour Legend Leo Gerard on the Past, Present and Future of Unions - Enright, Michael (The Sunday Edition with Michael Enright, 2019)
The veteran labour leader talks about his life in the labour movement and the future of unions in an age of globalized trade, a collapsing manufacturing sector and precarious employment.

“They Didn’t Even Realize Canada Was a Different Country”: Canadian Left Nationalism at the 1971 Vancouver Indochinese Women's Conference - Klein, Candice (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
From 1 to 6 April 1971, over 600 women gathered to attend the Vancouver Indochinese Women’s Conference (viwc), an international women’s antiwar conference organized by women’s liberationists in Vancouver. The conference was intended to bring women together under the banner of an international sisterhood, but this desired goal did not happen. Instead, tensions between American and Canadian women divided conference organizers and attendees, culminating in verbal and physical conflict. The viwc is useful for examining how Canadian women experienced interactions with American feminists and radical activists in attendance at the conference. Several women viewed the actions of American delegates as imperialistic. The experiences of conference organizers and attendees show how the viwc represents a moment in women’s liberation where the limits to international feminism were particularly visible.

Filming Peterloo in the Age of Brexit - Rogers, Nicholas (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the film, "Peterloo," directed by Mike Leigh.

The Structure of Unions - Parker, Morten (National Film Board of Canada, 2019)
This animated film examines the organization of labour unions today. While the narrator in all seriousness outlines the structure of a union and the larger bodies to which it is affiliated, the animator ad-libs his own views with gay abandon. Examples are given to illustrate the functioning of a union at its various levels, from union local to the national body to labour congress. [The film was produced in 1955, with music by Eldon Rathburn.] --Publisher's description.

Women in Science Special — How Science Has Done Women Wrong - McDonald, Bob (Quirks & Quarks, 2019)
The glass obstacle course: Why so few women hold the top spots in STEM disciplines; Women’s brains ARE built for science. Modern neuroscience explodes an old myth; Women and science suffer when medical research doesn’t study females. --Website summary

New Research Uncovers Makeup of Mcintyre Powder, Inhaled by Underground Miners for Decades (CBC News, 2019)
Before each shift between the 1940s and 1970s, underground miners in northern Ontario breathed in a substance they thought was protecting their lungs, but none of them knew what exactly was in McIntyre Powder. Until now. --Website description.

A Foundation to Strengthen Worker Rights? - Hastie, Bethany (CCPA Monitor, 2019)
The first comprehensive review of B.C.'s labour code in over a quarter-century has resulted in changes to the law, introduced in the legislature in April, to strengthen protections and collective bargaining rights for workers. --Introduction

The Future of Unions: Time for a Checkup - Pakin, Steve (TV Ontario, 2019)
For the past 40 years, membership in unions in Canada has been on a steady decline. While the labour movement is seeking to expand its influence into social justice causes, it is confronted by automation, the gig economy, and the outsourcing of manufacturing jobs to foreign countries. The Agenda discusses the relevance of unions today and what the way forward looks like. [Participants: Steve Pakin (host), Tiffany Balducci (Durham Regional Labour Council), Dan Kelly (Canadian Federation of Independent Business), Stephanie Ross (Professor, McMaster University), and Ivan Ostos (bicycle courier and union organizer).] --Website description.

'Moment of Awakening': The Impact of the Winnipeg General Strike on Canada's Labour Movement - Enright, Michael (The Sunday Edition with Michael Enright, 2019)
On May 15th, 1919, the country — and the world — watched in astonishment as tens of thousands of workers walked off the job in Winnipeg. They demanded higher pay, better working conditions and the right to bargain collectively. Some 35,000 workers took over the running of Canada's third-largest city for six weeks. The Winnipeg General Strike was one of the most important labour events in Canadian history. It began months after the end of the Great War, which had demanded profound sacrifices. Husbands, sons and siblings died; soldiers returned from the front with profound physical and psychological scars. Back at home, unemployment and inflation were rampant. "The whole world was in ferment," said Ian McKay, L.R. Wilson Chair in Canadian History at McMaster University and the author of Reasoning Otherwise, Leftists and the Peoples Enlightenment in Canada, 1890 to 1920. "It was a very exciting but worrying time to be alive. The fall of the Czar was pivotal." --Introduction

The 1919 Winnipeg General Strike: 100 years later (Ideas, 2019)
It was the biggest labour action in Canadian history: on May 15, 1919, over 35,000 workers took to the streets of Winnipeg for six weeks. It began peacefully and passionately; it ended in lethal violence and disagreement over what it meant, even to this day. Contributor Tom Jokinen in Winnipeg talks to experts on how the strike happened, why it occurred in Winnipeg — and through the use of archival tape, brings us the voices of people who were right there, on the streets, and on strike. --Introduction

Unbreakable: The Spirit of the Strike - University of Manitoba Libraries; City of Winnipeg Archives; University of Winnipeg Archives; University of Calgary Archives and Special Collections; Winnipeg Police Museum (Unbreakable, 2019)
A digital exhibit commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Winnipeg General Strike. The exhibit also provides a listing of archival sources available locally, in Manitoba, and online. Content is drawn from the University of Manitoba Libraries, the City of Winnipeg Archives, the University of Winnipeg Archives, the University of Calgary Archives, and the Winnipeg Police Museum. The primary resources were developed in collaboration with the Association for Manitoba Archives and its members.

Lynn Jones African-Canadian and Diaspora Heritage Collection - McCallum, Todd (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
In April 2017, more than 100 people gathered at the Halifax North Memorial Library for the official launch of the Lynn Jones African-Canadian and Diaspora Heritage Collection, housed at Saint Mary's University. ...This is a personal archive whose creation was an intentional act. At the tender age of eight, Lynn Jones began cutting out articles from the Truro newspaper, preserving stories pertaining to Black life in Nova Scotia and around the world. One of ten children, Lynn kept busy documenting the many activities of generations of the Jones family, from those who fought with the Black Battalion in World War I to those active today. Along the way, she added numerous documents – many of them not found elsewhere – and correspondence related to organizations such as the Black Working Group and the Public Service Alliance of Canada (psac) and individuals like Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael). The result is eighteen boxes, with talk of more to come. While the collection stretches from the 1960s to the 2010s, the bulk of material pertains to the 1980s and 1990s. -- Introduction

(Re)Conceptualising Unfree Labour: Local Labour Control Regimes and Constraints on Workers’ Freedoms - Fudge, Judy (Global Labour Journal, 2019)
Disputes over the meaning of human trafficking, forced labour and modern slavery have both provoked and coincided with a reinvigorated debate in academic and policy literatures about how to conceptualise unfree labour. This article traces the contours of the debate over free and unfree labour, identifying its key stakes as the debate has developed and paying particular attention to recent interventions. It begins by identifying a problem common to both canonical liberal and Marxian approaches to the free/unfree labour distinction, which is to fetishise the labour market. It then discusses the consensus that is emerging across disciplines and in leading international organisations that labour unfreedom in contemporary capitalism is best conceptualised as a continuum rather than a binary, highlighting recent disciplinary-specific contributions. It argues that the metaphor of a continuum of labour unfreedom obscures more than it illuminates. Drawing upon the growing body of literature that advocates a multifaceted approach to labour unfreedom, this article argues that a robust concept of local labour control regime does a much better job of capturing the complex mix of consent and coercion involved in extracting value from labour power than the idea of a continuum of labour unfreedom.

Work in Ontario Gyms and Fitness Clubs - Savage, Larry; Morrison, Curtis (Brock University, Department of Labour Studies, 2019)
This report presents an analysis of key findings from a survey completed by gym and fitness club workers in Ontario over several weeks in February and March 2019. The survey data, which is both quantitative and qualitative, offers important insights into gym and fitness club work, including levels of job satisfaction, opinions about fairness and respect at work, impressions of relationships between workers, clients, and supervisors, and views about how best to improve working conditions in the industry. -- From Summary

The 1934 British Columbia Penitentiary Strike and Prisoners’ Wages in Canada - House, Jordan (Active History, 2019)
The early 1930s were marked by considerable labour unrest in Canada. Over this period, workers developed new, more expansive forms of trade unionism, as well as new tactics such as sit-down strikes and flying pickets. In the context of the great depression, this unrest was not only evident in the country’s factories, mines, and ports; workers and their unions also began organizing outside of these traditional workplaces. Perhaps most famously, this organizing included unemployed workers and those toiling in Canada’s relief camps. Less well known, however, are the ways in which Canadian prisoners participated in this labour upsurge, adopting trade union tactics to suit their particular situations, and demanding improved conditions, political representation, and wages. --Introduction

Standing Together - Naylor, James (Canada's History, 2019)
The 1919 Winnipeg General Strike remains an unparalleled moment of solidarity among canadian workers.

Direct Action and the Strike - Graphic History Collective (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2019)
This May, Canada marks the 100th anniversary of the Winnipeg General Strike, when tens of thousands of people walked off their jobs in sympathy and solidarity with building and metal trades workers whose employers were refusing to bargain for fair wages and working conditions.Though the strike failed in its immediate goals, the example it set reverberated across the country and the world, inspiring political upheaval at all levels in Canada, and ultimately transforming the balance of power between workers and the bosses for many generations. In this issue of the Monitor we consider the value of direct action and solidarity strikes in a new era of retrenching labour rights, out-of-control inequality and conservative backlash. “Workers can make great gains by withdrawing their labour power. But they also risk a lot,” writes the Graphic History Collective in their introduction to our special feature on the strike. “The stakes in class struggle are high.” True. But so are the costs of not acting. Today, as it was 100 years ago, we must continually fight for fair pay and good jobs for everyone—or be prepared to live in a world where neither exists for anyone. --Introduction. Contents: Direct Action Gets the Goods! A printable timeline of Canadian strikes from the Graphic History Collective -- 1919: Causes and Consequences: Paul Moist recounts the organizing that went into the strike and its legacy -- 100 years on.Women, rights and work—from 1919 to the #MeToo movement: Molly McCracken interviews Julie Guard on labour's need to organize more female workers  -- The year labour makes history: Learning from failures like the Winnipeg General Strike and Kirkland Lake organization drive can strengthen the movement for true worker democracy, writes Jon Weier -- Work Life: Canada's "yellow vest" movement needs more gilets jaunes, writes Lynne Fernandez in her latest column -- Frontlines of the class: We all win when teachers strike. But, as Erika Shaker argues, parents, children and communities need to see themselves in the struggle -- Striking for survival: The right to strike in Canada is under attack and back-to-work legislation now commonplace Bruno Dobrusin calls on workers to embrace the mass walkout, both legal and illegal, as a tool for social change -- Lessons in South Korean protest culture: President Moon is backsliding on important labour reforms, but workers continue to resist in innovative ways, writes Zaee Desphande.

Stories of Newcomer Workers in Manitoba’s Food Processing Industry - Manitoba Federation of Labour. Occupational Health Centre (Manitoba Federation of Labour, Occupational Health Centre, 2019)
[This report is] based on interviews we conducted with 11 workers from the Chinese and Eritrean communities. The report details the migration and work stories of newcomer workers in this industry, as well as their concerns, hopes and dreams. OHC has made 21 recommendations in this report to improve the health and well-being of newcomer workers in the food processing industry. --MFL Occupational Health Centre website

The Toronto Airport Workers’ Council: Renewing Workplace Organizing and Socialist Labor Education - House, Jordan; Gray, Paul Christopher (Labor Studies Journal, 2019)
Among the 40,000 workers in Canada’s largest workplace, Lester B. Pearson International Airport in Toronto, a small but significant group of worker-organizers has created the Toronto Airport Workers’ Council (TAWC), a nonunion organization open to all Pearson workers. In this paper, we discuss the capitalist context of Canadian labor relations and the neoliberal restructuring that has attacked working conditions and workers’ solidarity across the airline industry. Then, after examining the insufficient responses by the twelve Pearson unions, we explain how workers formed the TAWC, whose participatory structures, direct action strategy, and broader class focus have achieved considerable successes, despite tensions with union leaders wary of potential “dual unionism.” We also discuss how the TAWC provides a space for socialist-led workplace organizing training and political education by the Toronto Labour Committee. Finally, we explore the possible roles of this council model in labor movement renewal and labor education in socialist movement renewal.
Keywords: Canada; labor education; neoliberalism; socialism; workers’ councils; workplace organizing

On the Move: Commuting, Work, Life - Kennedy, Paul (Ideas, 2019)
[This six-part] research project on 'work-related mobility' examines how our jobs affect 21st century life. Some people now find it desirable – or even necessary – to work from home. Others are expected to spend more time travelling to and from the workplace than they actually spend doing their job. How do changes in the way we work affect every other aspect of 21st century life? Seven years ago, a large group of interdisciplinary scholars from all parts of Canada (and beyond) began researching 'work-related mobility' with a project called the On the Move Partnership. Paul Kennedy was there from the beginning creating documentaries based on the research. As the project nears completion, Paul speaks to the participants about their conclusions in this final episode of On The Move. --Website description. Contents: On the move: Commuting, work, life (Paul Kennedy, with support from Angèle Smith, Tracey Friedel, Sara Dorow, Emma Jackson, Dalia Gesualdi-Fecteau, Shiva Nourpanah and Nicole Power. (Feb. 27, 2019)) (53:59) -- On the move: Montreal's Little Burgundy (Paul Kennedy, with support from Steven High. (May 25, 2018)) (53:59) -- Commute from hell [Toronto] (Paul Kennedy, with support from Stephanie Premji. (Jan. 9, 2017) (53:59) -- On the move from Bell Island [Newfoundland]: Crossing the tickle (Paul Kennedy, with support from Sharon Roseman and Diane Royal (Dec. 4, 2015)) (54:00) -- On the move with truckers [Prince Edward Island] (Paul Kennedy, with support from Natasha Hanson. (Oct. 9, 2014)) (54:00) -- On the move to Fort MacMurray (Paul Kennedy, with support from Sara Dorow (Nov. 22, 2013) (53:59).

Thinking about Labour and the Carceral State in Canada - Luciuk, Kassandra (Active History, 2019)
Describes labour unrest of internees in Fort Henry and Kaspuskasing during the First World War.

Abstracts / Résumés [v. 84, Fall 2019] (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)

Conception et mise en oeuvre d’une grille d’analyse des pratiques de maintien en emploi des séniors. Une comparaison France-Québec - Abouaissa, Siham; Baret, Christophe; D'Amours, Martine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Prenant conscience des effets délétères des stratégies traditionnelles de mise à l’écart des travailleurs âgés, les pouvoirs publics promeuvent aujourd’hui leur maintien en emploi. Afin de comprendre comment et dans quelles conditions cet objectif politique se traduit ou non en pratiques concrètes dans les milieux de travail, l’article propose une grille d’analyse, inspirée de l’analyse sociétale, permettant de comprendre les attitudes des entreprises et des travailleurs vis-à-vis le maintien en emploi des séniors. L’article met ensuite cette grille à l’épreuve en étudiant les pratiques de deux entreprises de commerce de détail, l’une en France et l’autre au Québec, autour de quatre espaces d’interprétation : institutionnel, du dialogue social, marchand et organisationnel.
Keywords: France; Francia; Quebec; Québec; analyse sociétale; análisis societal; comercio minorista; commerce de détail; empleo; emploi; employment; retail trade; seniors; societal analysis; séniors; trabajadores de edad avanzada

Private Government: How Employers Rule our Lives and Why We Don’t Talk about It - Adams, Roy (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Private Government: How Employers Rule our Lives and Why We Don’t Talk about It," by Elizabeth Anderson.

Extracting Views About the Environment: Oilfield Workers’ Understandings of Climate Issues in Moose Mountain, Saskatchewan - Adams, Shelby B. (Royal Roads University, 2019)
The purpose of this research was to describe oilfield workers in the Moose Mountain Provincial Park area in southeastern Saskatchewan views on climate change. This qualitative study, inspired by Grounded Theory, utilized fifteen, semi-structured interviews to analyze participants’ perspectives and experiences. For this research, climate change means, “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity and which is in addition to natural climate variability” (IPCC, 2014). This study has three main findings. First, participants have robust “sense of place” attachment that fosters environmental stewardship toward the Moose Mountain area. Second, participants hold conflicted understandings of climate change that alternate between the adoption of climate skepticism and acceptance of scientific consensus regarding anthropogenic climate change. Finally, this study demonstrates the importance of engaging in conversations with oil workers to facilitate a pluralistic narrative and navigate multiple worldviews to create understanding of a controversial topic in Saskatchewan.

La négociation collective en contexte de flexibilisation de l’emploi dans deux usines au Québec - Adanhounme, Armel; Lévesque, Christian (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Des travaux récents en analyse institutionnelle ont souligné le rôle charnière des acteurs dans le changement institutionnel, notamment le pouvoir de l’acteur syndical à renouveler les institutions du travail. Ces recherches ont fait ressortir les trois aspects suivants : 1-l’agentivité, en réponse à la question de lareprésentation des syndiqués, notamment la construction d’une identité des travailleurs au-delà du milieu de travail; 2- la formation d’une large coalition au-delà des acteurs tripartites des relations de travail; et, enfin, 3-l’élargissement des répertoires d’action au-delà des frontières des entreprises et des contextes nationaux. Toutefois, contrairement à cette perspective sur l’agentivité qui dépendait autrefois des mécanismes de la démocratie industrielle, cet article montre que des contraintes structurelles peuvent restreindre, voire empêcher, la capacité stratégique des acteurs locaux à renouveler la règle en cet ère néolibéral de mondialisation de l’économie. À partir de deux études de cas menées dans deux usines de première transformation au Québec —l’une appartenant à une entreprise multinationalecanadienne, l’autre étant américaine —, cet article analyse comment les acteurs locaux, dans un contexte néolibéral de changement institutionnel, négocient la flexibilisation de l’emploi et la sécurité des travailleurs. Les résultats des négociations entreprises par les acteurs locaux, dans un cas, une négociation menée « le dos au mur », et, dans l’autre, « le fusil sur la tempe », montrent que l’issue du processus est tributaire de facteurs externes hors de la portée des acteurs locaux. L’agentivité a buté contre les impératifs économiques du marché, les politiques étatiques de dérégulation de l’emploi et l’intransigeance des maisons-mères concernant l’avantage compétitif des filiales. Dans l’usine américaine, ils ont déplacé l’ancienne règle des accords collectifs pour y substituer une nouvelle entente davantage axée sur les exigences du marché libéral. Dans l’usine canadienne, ils ont stratifié les accords collectifs, ajoutant une nouvelle entente (de facture inférieure à l’ancienne) basée sur le statut d’emploi et qui oppose les permanents aux contractuels. Dans les deux cas, des conditions structurelles ont limité la marge de manoeuvre desacteurs locaux, avec des conséquences néfastes sur les travailleurs périphériques de l’entreprise flexible.
Keywords: Quebec; Québec; agency; agentividad; agentivité (agency); collective bargaining; flexibilidad; flexibility; flexibilité; instituciones; institution; negociación colectiva; négociation collective; sindicatos; syndicat; union

Power, Politics, and Principles: Mackenzie King and Labour, 1935–1948 - Aivalis, Christo (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Power, Politics, and Principle: Mackenzie King and Labour, 1935–1948," by Taylor Hollander.

Winnipeg 1919: The Strikers' Own History of the Winnipeg General Strike - Penner, Norman (Lorimer, 2019)
The most important primary document from the Winnipeg General Strike now back in print with a new introduction on the occasion of the strike's 100th anniversary On May 15, 1919 workers from across Winnipeg, ranging from metal workers to telephone operators, united to spark the largest worker revolt in Canadian history. Even the Winnipeg police voted to join the strike, although they remained on duty at the request of the strike committee in order to prevent martial law. Approximately 30,000 workers walked off the job over the next six weeks, and the city was overtaken by lively demonstrations and marches in what the media, the city's leaders, and the federal government called a "Bolshevik uprising." The clash ended violently when RCMP on horseback charged and shot into a crowd of striking workers resulting in deaths, beatings, and arrests. The strike was called off and workers returned to their jobs without having earned the rights to higher wages and collective bargaining. Following the strike, union leaders published this account of the events leading up to and during the strike. Their volume is the most significant primary source describing the workers' experience of the strike. This book offers the full document in its original format along with an introduction to the 1974 edition by labour historian and activist Norman Penner. His essay has had a major impact on later research. This volume also includes a new introduction by historian Christo Aivalis discussing how the lessons learned in 1919 remain relevant today. Also included in this book are the key documentary photographs of strike events, including a minute-by-minute sequence showing the final RCMP fatal assault on the strikers. --Publisher's description

Refining Creative Labour: Precarity and Autonomy in Cultural and Craft Industries - Anderson, Benjamin (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the books, "Craft and the Creative Economy ," by Susan Luckman, and "The Creativity Hoax: Precarious Work in the Gig Economy," by George Morgan and Pariece Nelligan.

Doing What ‘Works Best’: Exploring the Narratives of Mothers Who Work as Strippers - Annett, Michelle Lesley (Brock University, 2019)
Despite a large body of research exploring the experiences of working mothers today, there is little literature focusing on mothers who take part in stigmatized and unconventional forms of paid labour. Taking up this line of inquiry, my MA thesis project explores both micro and macro-level understandings of the narrated experiences of four women in Canada, who are both mothers and exotic dancers, with the overarching question: ‘how do these women navigate and negotiate their socially constructed identities and practices as both mothers and sex workers?’. This thesis is informed by feminist methodologies and a broad array of literatures on social reproduction, social surveillance of mothering practices, the intensification of mothering, women working in the sex industry, and occupational stigma of exotic dancing. My research consisted of four semi-structured phone interviews with women in Canada (all in the province of Ontario) who have (either currently or in the past) navigated both roles of mothering and stripping simultaneously. Through my interviews, I explored how the women in my study negotiated the work of social reproduction, the forms of support they had access to, and the barriers they have faced. My findings illuminate that due to limited access to affordable services in Canada, the mothers I interviewed rely on informal assistance from their key supports to provide necessary care work that the mothers could not fulfill due to the responsibilities of their paid work. Mothers also stress the necessity of managing their occupational stigma to comply with dominant ideologies of maternal caregiving by constructing personal communities and adopting techniques of secrecy and trust in order to enhance their ability to combine paid work and unpaid care. Overall my MA thesis offers insight into experiences, supports, and constraints that women face as they navigate the demands of paid labour, domestic work and unpaid caregiving in stigmatized and precarious conditions.

Arrival of the Fittest: German POWs in Ontario during the Second World War - Bailey, Jordyn (Western University, 2019)
Over 35,000,000 soldiers, sailors and aviators, statistically one in three combatants, were taken prisoner during the Second World War. Some 35,000 of these prisoners were members of the German army, navy and air force, imprisoned in twenty-five internment compounds and 300 small, isolated labour camps across Canada. Once on Canadian soil, German POWs were treated with remarkable hospitality in lieu of their status as the “Nazi” enemy. Canada’s excellent treatment of German POWs was a product of many things: a desire to adhere to the Geneva Convention; concern for the well-being of Canadian and other Allied POWs in German hands; and the discovery that German POWs often made valuable workers, for which there was a great need during the war. It was also a product of racism, expressed in numerous actions, suggesting a willingness to perceive German POWs as potential members of society - a willingness not extended to German-Jewish civilian internees or even to Japanese-Canadians who were already citizens.

Like a Virgil: Georgic Ontologies of Agrarian Work in Canadian Literature - Baker, Jennifer (University of Ottawa, 2019)
In this dissertation, I argue that two dominant perspectives on farming in Canada—the technoscientific capitalist perspective on modern industrial farming and the popular vision of hard-won survival on the family farm—both draw on narrative and aesthetic strategies that have deep roots in distinct, but related variations of the georgic tradition, which arrived in Canada in the eighteenth century and continues to shape literary representations and material practices today. Critics of Canadian literature have tended to subsume the georgic under the category of pastoral, but I argue that the georgic is a separate and more useful category for understanding the complex myths and realities of agricultural production in Canada precisely because it is a literary genre that focuses on the labour of farming and because it constitutes a complex and multi-generic discourse which both promotes and enables critique of dominant agricultural practices. I argue that, despite its sublimation beneath the pastoral, the georgic mode has also been an important cultural nexus in Canadian literature and culture, and that it constitutes a set of conventions that have become so commonplace in writing that deals with agricultural labour and its related issues in Canada that they have come to seem both inevitable and natural within the Canadian cultural tradition, even if they have not been explicitly named as georgic. By analyzing a variety of texts such as Oliver Goldmith’s The Rising Village, Isabella Valancy Crawford’s Malcolm’s Katie, Susanna Moodie’s Roughing It in the Bush, Frederick Philip Grove’s Settlers of the Marsh, Martha Ostenso’s Wild Geese, Al Purdy’s In Search of Owen Roblin, Robert Kroetsch’s “The Ledger,” Christian Bok’s Xenotext, Rita Wong’s Forage, and Phil Hall’s Amanuensis, I recontextualize Canadian writing that deals with agrarian work within two distinct but related georgic traditions. As Raymond Williams and others have shown, the georgic’s inclusion of both pastoralizing myths and material realities makes it useful for exploring ecological questions. The georgic is often understood in terms of what Karen O’Brien has called the imperial georgic mode, which involves a technocratic, imperialist, capitalist approach to agriculture, and which helped theorize and justify imperial expansion and the technological domination of nature. But as ecocritics like David Fairer, Margaret Ronda, and Kevin Goodman have argued, the georgic’s concern with the contingency and precariousness of human relationships with nonhuman systems also made it a productive site for imagining alternatives to imperial ways of organizing social and ecological relations. Ronda calls this more ecologically-focused and adaptable georgic the disenchanted georgic, but I call it the precarious georgic because of the way it enables engagement with what Anna Tsing calls precarity. Precarity, as Tsing explains, describes life without the promise of mastery or stability, which is a condition that leaves us in a state of being radically dependent on other beings for survival. “The challenge for thinking with precarity,” she writes, “is to understand the ways projects for making scalability have transformed landscape and society, while seeing also where scalability fails—and where nonscalable ecological and economic relations erupt” (42). By tracing the interplay between imperial and precarious georgic modes in Canadian texts that have mistakenly been read as pastoral—from Moodie’s settler georgic to the queer gothic georgic of Ostenso’s Wild Geese to the provisional and object-oriented georgics of Robert Kroetsch and Phil Hall—I argue that the precarious georgic strain has always engaged in this process of thinking with precarity, and that it holds the potential for providing space to re-imagine our ecological relations.

Toujours dans les limbes historiographiques : le cinquantenaire de Mai 68 au travers de quatre livres - Bargain-Villéger, Alban (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the books, "Filles de Mai. 68 mon Mai à moi : mémoires de femmes," edited by Monique Bauer, "Le scandale de Strasbourg mis à nu par ses célibataires, même ," by André Bertrand and André Schneider, "Le Mai 68 des Caraïbes," by Romain Cruse, and "The Long '68 : Radical Protest and its Enemies," by Richard Vinen.

A Comparison of Contemporary Human Resource Management and Employment Relations Practices of Japanese and US Multinational Corporation Subsidiaries: Evidence from Four Countries - Bartram, Timothy; Adam, Duncan; Edwards, Tony; Jalette, Patrice; Burgess, John; Stanton, Pauline (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
This paper compares Japanese and US multinational corporations (MNCs) on their deployment of human resource management (HRM) and employment relations (ER) practices within four countries. Debate about convergence is used to reconcile findings. The context is the shift from the dominance of the Japanese economy in the 1980s and early 1990s towards the renewed dominance of the US economy in more recent decades. We draw on data from representative, parallel surveys of MNCs operating in Canada, the UK, Spain and Australia to test a set of hypotheses examining similarities and differences between subsidiaries of Japanese and US MNCs in relation to management control across borders, remuneration, representation and worker involvement. The findings demonstrate that, despite the pressures of globalization, and the partial movement away from traditional Japanese management practices in Japan, there are clear country of origin effects for Japanese and American MNCs. Results indicate that Japanese and US MNCs behave differently in terms of the control that they exercise, with Japanese firms exhibiting a greater tendency to use personal forms of control in their foreign subsidiaries and a lower tendency to use procedural forms of control. In terms of HRM practices, Japanese MNCs are distinctive in relation to pay systems. For example, they are less likely than their US counterparts to use performance-related pay and, more likely, to adopt non-union representative structures in subsidiaries. In line with Kaufman (2016), we argue that the study’s findings provide evidence for the ‘converging divergence phenomenon’ in that both Japanese and US MNCs are adopting the most universal aspects of each other’s management practices and integrating them into their own unique systems of management in response to global market forces. We discuss the theoretical implications for the convergence and divergence of HRM and ER systems, and the development of such systems in Japanese and US MNC subsidiaries.
Keywords: Corporaciones multinacionales; Estados Unidos; Japan; Japon; Japón; US; comparative employment relations; gestion des ressources humaines (GRH); gestión de recursos humanos; human resource management; multinational corporations; multinationales; relaciones laborales comparadas; relations de travail comparées; États-Unis

Quand la perception des employeurs à l’égard des personnes immigrantes influence leurs pratiques de gestion de la diversité - Beaudry, Catherine; Gagnon, Mélanie; Deschênes, Andrée-Anne (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Au Québec comme ailleurs dans le monde, certains groupes demeurent sous-représentés en emploi. Les personnes immigrantes récentes (PIR) font partie de ces groupes qui voient leur participation au marché du travail entravée par différentes barrières, alors qu’ils présentent un taux de chômage nettement plus élevé que les natifs. Cet article s’intéresse au lien entre les perceptions des employeurs à l’égard des PIR et les pratiques de gestion de la diversité contribuant à leur rétention. La démarche méthodologique s’appuie sur un devis exploratoire mixte, alors que 2 376 employeurs ont répondu à un questionnaire et que 87 ont participé à des groupes de discussion. Ces employeurs sont représentés par de propriétaires d’entreprise, des dirigeants, des gestionnaires, des directeurs ou des professionnels en gestion des ressources humaines de divers secteurs d’activité et d’entreprises de taille variée. Les résultats indiquent d’abord un relation positive significative entre les expériences d’embauches des PIR et les perceptions que les employeurs entretiennent à leur égard (r = 0,532, p < 0,01). En groupes de discussion, les participants évoquent l’évolution des perceptions selon la nature de l’expérience d’embauche, positive ou négative. Les résultats témoignent également de relations positives et significatives entre les perceptions et les pratiques de rétention, présentant des coefficients de corrélations de l’ordre de 0,185 à 0,390 (p < 0,01). La phase qualitative permet de constater que lorsque les employeurs perçoivent que les PIR concourent à la performance organisationnelle, ils sont davantage enclins à mettre en place des mesures de gestion de la diversité. Les bénéfices escomptés par les employeurs au regard de l’embauche des PIR modulent leur volonté à mettre en oeuvre diverses mesures de rétention. La gestion réactive de la diversité est alors constatée, quoique certains employeurs procèdent à une réflexion s’orientant vers la proactivité.
Keywords: diversity management; employer perceptions; gestion de la diversité; gestión de la diversidad; organizational employee retention; percepciones de los empleadores; perceptions des employeurs; personas inmigrantes recientes; personnes immigrantes récentes; recent immigrants; retención organizacional; rétention organisationnelle

Travail collectif pluridisciplinaire dans la prévention des risques professionnels complexes : ressources et contraintes du contexte au Québec et en France - Bellemare, Marie; Caroly, Sandrine; Prud’homme, Daniel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Dans le cadre d’une étude menée au sein de services de santé au travail au Québec et en France, nous nous intéressons aux conditions favorables aux pratiques de travail collectif pluridisciplinaire (TCP). Face à des problèmes de santé complexes, tels que les troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS) ou les troubles de santé psychologique (TPS), des professionnels de différents métiers sont amenés à collaborer, notamment pour mener des actions de prévention primaire ayant pour cible les conditions de réalisation du travail. Le contexte dans lequel oeuvrent, d’une part, les équipes de santé au travail (ESAT) au Québec et, d’autre part, les services de santé au travail interentreprises (SSTi) en France diffèrent en raison de leur histoire, leurs cadres juridique et institutionnel, leurs missions et dispositifs.
Keywords: France; Francia; Quebec; Québec; intervención; intervention; medicina del trabajo; musculoskeletal disorders; médecine du travail; occupational health; prevención; salud ocupacional; santé au travail; trastornos musculo-esqueléticos; troubles musculosquelettiques

Les artisans de la lumière. Histoire de la Fraternité interprovinciale des ouvriers en électricité - Bilodeau, Pier-Luc (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Les artisans de la lumière. Histoire de la Fraternité interprovinciale des ouvriers en électricité," by Monique Audet.

Assessing Temporary Foreign Worker Programs Through the Prism of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program: Can They Be Reformed or Should They Be Eliminated? - Binford, Arthur Leigh (Dialectical Anthropology, 2019)
This article assesses Temporary Foreign Worker Programs (TFWPs) through the prism of Canada’s Seasonal Agriculture Worker Program (SAWP), often represented as a model because of the many rights granted workers and the multiple forms of protection put in place to protect those rights. A careful study of the extant anthropological and sociological literatures, including the author’s work, reveal the immense power that growers wield over temporary foreign workers from Mexico and various English-speaking Caribbean nations. Two consequences of this power have been rises in productivity and the expansion of the SAWP, to the point that it dominates key sectors of Canadian agriculture. Workers are either prevented from joining unions or punished, via blacklisting in some cases, for forming local bargaining units. The author suggests that all such programs be dismantled. At the least, the question of the future of TFWPs merits open and frank discussion.
Keywords: Agriculture; Anthropology of Work; Canada; Canadian Politics; Guest workers; Neoliberalism; Social Work Policy; Social Work and Migration; Sociology of Work; Subsistence Agriculture; Temporary Foreign Worker Programs; Unions

The Forgotten Work of Cultural Workers - Bischoping, Katherine; King, Adam D. K. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
This paper is based on work history interviews with a group of nine Toronto theatre workers covering a three-year period. During the interviews, participants did not spontaneously mention 13.1 per cent of their jobs in the creative cultural sector. Because forgotten work fails to register in surveys attempting to assess cultural workers’ contributions to the economy or to ameliorate their precarious conditions, it is important to explore why and how such work could go unreported. We locate the forgetting of cultural work in relation to the complexity and stresses of cultural workers’ schedules and to a discourse that opposes a devotion to art to the pursuit of money. Further, we explore how the participants’ particular tendency to forget their shortest-term jobs is informed by another discourse that prioritizes the building of a goals-based, coherent résumé. Last, we suggest that their surprising propensity to also forget their longest-term jobs can be understood in reference to the “piecework” model of cultural work and to a lack of socially supported remembering strategies. Based on these findings, we recommend improvements to the design of surveys on cultural workers’ work history.

Everyday Transgressions: Domestic Workers' Transnational Challenge to International Labor Law - Blackett, Adelle (ILR Press, an imprint of Cornell University Press, 2019)
Adelle Blackett tells the story behind the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Decent Work for Domestic Workers Convention No. 189, and its accompanying Recommendation No. 201 which in 2011 created the first comprehensive international standards to extend fundamental protections and rights to the millions of domestic workers laboring in other peoples' homes throughout the world. As the principal legal architect, Blackett is able to take us behind the scenes to show us how Convention No. 189 transgresses the everyday law of the household workplace to embrace domestic workers' human rights claim to be both workers like any other, and workers like no other. In doing so, she discusses the importance of understanding historical forms of invisibility, recognizes the influence of the domestic workers themselves, and weaves in poignant experiences, infusing the discussion of laws and standards with intimate examples and sophisticated analyses. Looking to the future, she ponders how international institutions such as the ILO will address labor market informality alongside national and regional law reform. Regardless of what comes next, Everyday Transgressions establishes that domestic workers' victory is a victory for the ILO and for all those who struggle for an inclusive, transnational vision of labor law, rooted in social justice. --Publisher's description
Keywords: Decent work; Domestic work; Employées de maison Droit Législation; Foreign workers; Foreign workers Legal status, laws, etc; Hausarbeit; Hauswirtschaftsgehilfin; Household employees Legal status, laws, etc; International labour law; Internationales Arbeitsrecht; Labor laws and legislation, International; Legal status; Travail (Droit international) Législation; Travailleurs étrangers Droit Législation; Übereinkommen über menschenwürdige Arbeit für Hausangestellte 2011 Juni 16

A Diminished Roar: Winnipeg in the 1920s - Blanchard, Jim (University of Manitoba Press, 2019)
The third instalment in Jim Blanchard's popular history of early Winnipeg, 'A Diminished Roar' presents a city in the midst of enormous change. Once the fastest growing city in Canada, by 1920 Winnipeg was losing its dominant position in western Canada. As the decade began, Winnipeggers were reeling from the chaos of the Great War and the influenza pandemic. But it was the divisions exposed by the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike which left the deepest marks. As Winnipeg wrestled with its changing fortunes, its citizens looked for new ways to imagine the city's future and identity. Beginning with the opening of the magnificent new provincial legislature building in 1920, A Diminished Roar guides readers through this decade of political and social turmoil. At City Hall, two very different politicians dominated the scene. Winnipeg's first Labour mayor, S.J. Farmer, pushed for more public services. His rival, Ralph Webb, would act as the city's chief 'booster' as mayor, encouraging U.S. tourists with the promise of 'snowballs and highballs.' Meanwhile, promoters tried to rekindle the city's spirits with plans for new public projects, such as a grand boulevard through the middle of the city, a new amusement park, and the start of professional horse racing. In the midst of the Jazz Age, Winnipeg's teenagers grappled with 'problems of the heart, ' and social groups like the Gyro Club organized masked balls for the city's elite. --Publisher's description
Keywords: 1900-1999; Années vingt (Vingtième siècle); Electronic books; HISTORY / Canada / Post-Confederation (1867-); History; Manitoba Winnipeg; Nineteen twenties; Winnipeg (Man.) History 20th century

'To Waffle to the Left:' The Waffle, the New Democratic Party, and Canada's New Left during the Long Sixties - Blocker, David (Western University, 2019)
The Sixties were time of conflict and change in Canada and beyond. Radical social movements and countercultures challenged the conservatism of the preceding decade, rejected traditional forms of politics, and demanded an alternative based on the principles of social justice, individual freedom and an end to oppression on all fronts. Yet in Canada a unique political movement emerged which embraced these principles but proposed that New Left social movements – the student and anti-war movements, the women’s liberation movement and Canadian nationalists – could bring about radical political change not only through street protests and sit-ins, but also through participation in electoral politics. The Waffle movement, which formed around the “Manifesto for an Independent and Socialist Canada” and challenged the leadership of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1969 to 1973, represents a dynamic convergence of many of the social movements that comprised the New Left in Canada. The Waffle argued that the NDP should promote socialist measures to combat American economic domination and ensure Canadian independence while simultaneously engaging with extra-parliamentary struggles. NDP and trade-union leaders, reluctant to adopt such a radical approach, expelled the Waffle from the Ontario NDP in 1972. Despite its short life-span, the Waffle had a considerable influence on Canadian politics and the issues that it raised – Canadian economic dependency, Quebec’s right to self-determination, women’s equality, and the decline of the manufacturing sector, among others – continue to resonate to this day. Furthermore, the Waffle’s impact on Canadian nationalism and its legacy in the NDP, labour and women’s movements, radical left and academia remain contested. The Waffle’s successes and failures represent a potentially revealing perspective on Canadian politics and society during a period of rapid social change, the Sixties. While the existing historiography has sketched the outlines of the Waffle’s history, the focus overall has been limited to analyses of internal leadership disputes and the experience of the Ontario Waffle in particular. Abundant research materials now exist to support a wider and more intensive examination. Through an analysis of the Waffle, focusing on grassroots activists as well as the movement’s leadership, this dissertation demonstrates important connections between the Waffle and other New Left social movements. This interconnectivity is particularly significant, as it indicates that the Waffle occupied a unique place in the international New Left, specifically a convergence of social movements which sought to engage with electoral politics through an existing political party, the NDP. The dissertation also revises the movement/party dichotomy which has dominated much of the Waffle/NDP historiography. Finally, my study of the Waffle, a group active from 1969-75, indicates the flaws of applying a declension narrative to the Canadian Sixties, instead demonstrating the value of a “long Sixties” approach. As the clock ticked down on the 1960s, the Canadian New Left neither died nor retreated into cynicism nor lashed out in violence. Instead, its diverse elements, led by the Waffle, nurtured the wild dream of redirecting and leading to triumph an established political party.

Sept ans de vie professionnelle des jeunes : entre opportunités et contraintes - Bourdon, Sylvain (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Sept ans de vie professionnelle des jeunes : entre opportunités et contraintes," edited by Arnaud Dupray and Emmanuel Quenson.

Land of Triumph and Tragedy: Voices of the Italian Fallen Workers: A Century of Italian Immigration to Canada: Immigrants Who Made It and Those Who Perished Trying - Breda, Paola; Toppan, Marino (Verità, 2019)
The Embassy of Italy, the Consulate General of Italy in Toronto and Villa Charities join together with authors Paola Breda and Marino Toppan to present a ground-breaking new history of the Italian-Canadian immigration experience, finally including the previously untold story of the thousands of Italian Fallen Workers who died building this beautiful country — a story that’s destined to become a new piece of Canadian History. Compiled after decades of research by Toppan, this epic new volume includes countless contributions from across the country, from scholars of Italian-Canadian history and the families of the fallen themselves. This ground breaking new book includes profiles of those in the Italian community in Canada who triumphed with incredible successes, those who died in tragic circumstances, as well as in-depth studies on immigration patterns, labour history, socio-adaptive patterns, labour action, strife and hardships experienced, and many more themes in the Italian-Canadian identity. It even coins a new phrase: Canadianità! --Publicity release, May 23, 2019

Transnational Migration and Social Reproduction: Filipino Hotel Workers in Rural Manitoba - Bryan, Catherine (Dalhousie University, 2019)
At the intersection of three highways, the Douglas Hotel, in Manitoba’s central-west, is a place to stop for a coffee, a meal, or a night’s accommodation. Like elsewhere on the Canadian prairies, the daily labour required of these services falls largely to a migrant workforce. Bringing together historic political economy with feminist political economy, I draw on the presence of this workforce, comprised of 71 Filipino service and hospitality workers, in Douglas as an entry point into an extended exploration of the workings of social reproduction under globalized capitalism historically and at the beginning of the 21st Century. Sensitive to the transnationality that characterizes the lives of these workers, this multi-sited ethnographic study reads the details of everyday life in Manitoba and the Philippines through the historic and present-day political economy of each site. Offering this parallel yet integrated account, I highlight the variability of migrant experience in Canada at the sub-national level, as well as the ways in which receiving-states and private enterprise collaborate in the creation of labour markets. Low-wage and low–status, the labour market in question demands a kind of corporate, commodified care work that ensures the bodily reproduction of the Hotel’s guests and the material reproduction of the Hotel itself. Following from the objectives of their migration, the labour these workers perform at the Hotel also supports the survival and well-being of family in the Philippines. However, in addition to ensuring the material reproduction of non-migrant kin, through their use of digital communication technology and social media, these migrants contribute to the reproduction of migrant subjectivities, and subsequently, respond to the needs of global capital and the Philippine state. Thus, identifying the various, scaled forms of social reproduction in which the Hotel’s migrant workers participate, this thesis offers a multi-faceted, transnational account of reproduction, incorporating migrants, their families, their employer, and multiple state players. While not reproductive as conventionally defined, their labour at the Hotel provides insight into the patterning and re-patterning of social reproduction, and its associated labour, under global capital. Moreover, it demonstrates the centrality of those processes to operations of capitalism.

The Settler Order Framework: Rethinking Canadian Working-Class History - Burrill, Fred (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Canadian labour and working-class history has, to a great extent, been bedevilled in its attempts to understand national trends by the cleavages of gender, region, industry, race, language, and culture. This article argues that one possible way out of this impasse lies in foregrounding the particular relationship between colonial exploitation and class exploitation in our settler colonial economy, both in terms of class formation and in the ongoing project of social reproduction. The adoption of a "settler order framework" seeks to build on important recent works attempting to understand Indigenous peoples' participation in the ranks of those who toil, struggle, and dream of freedom from capitalism, by integrating the fundamental reality of settler workers' ongoing theft of Indigenous land and resources into the story of the Canadian working class.

Settler Colonialism and Labour Studies in Canada: A Preliminary Exploration - Camfield, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The 21st century has seen growing attention to settler colonialism among academic researchers in Canada and internationally. In the Canadian context, interest has been fuelled above all by an ongoing resurgence of Indigenous activism and intellectual work, of which the most visible expression to most non-Indigenous people was the Idle No More movement of 2012–13. To date, however, little attention has been paid to settler colonialism within labour studies, broadly understood. As a modest contribution to remedying this deficiency, this article argues for the importance of understanding Canada as a settler-colonial society, proposes a conceptualization of settler colonialism from the perspective of a historical materialism reconstructed through engagement with Indigenous anticolonial thought, and offers some preliminary reflections on integrating analysis of settler colonialism into historical and contemporary research on labour.

“Mr. Big Wood or Sawdust?”: Joseph R. Smallwood and the 1959 IWA Strike in Central Newfoundland - Campbell, Dana (Dalhousie University, 2019)
Joseph R. Smallwood was, for lack of a better term, a Newfoundlander for Newfoundland. Or so, that is how he portrayed himself. Under the first ten years of Confederation, Smallwood pushed a program of rapid industrialization. This program was largely unsuccessful. So, when the IWA [International Woodworkers of America] declared a strike on the Anglo-Newfoundland Development Company in January 1959, which posed a significant threat to the province’s most prosperous industry (pulp and paper), Smallwood leapt into action. Rather than support the loggers’ elected union, he banned the IWA in favour of a provincial union that was to be run by Max Lane, President of the Fishermen’s Federation. Utilizing key documents from the Smallwood Collections at Archives and Special Collections, Queen Elizabeth II Library, Memorial University, this thesis examines the factors that led up to this decision, its outcome and ultimately, and why Smallwood chose to do what he did.

Islamophobia at Work: Challenges and Opportunities - Canadian Labour Congress (Canadian Labour Congress, 2019)
Canada’s unions are proud to mark the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination with the release of a ground-breaking report on the impacts of Islamophobia in the workplace. [This report] explores the rise of anti-Muslim attitudes and discrimination in Canada. It provides recommendations for employers, trade unions, and government on how to address this pernicious phenomenon. --Website description

Les discriminations au travail - Champagne, Lysandre (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Les discriminations au travail," by Stéphane Carcillo et Marie-Anne Valfort.

Ballad: To Vote “Yes” Always for the Winnipeg General Strike! - Clarke, George Elliott (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Two-part poem in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919: 1) Prologue; or An introduction to (bourgeois) political economy; 2) Winnipeg: The strike, May-June 1919.

Au coeur des cabinets d’audit et de conseil. De la distinction à la soumission - Coblence, Emmanuel; Deschaintre, Stéphane (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Au coeur des cabinets d’audit et de conseil. De la distinction à la soumission," by Sébastien Stenger.

“Slavery hasn’t ended, it has just become modernized”: Border Imperialism and the Lived Realities of Migrant Farmworkers in British Columbia, Canada - Cohen, Amy (ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 2019)
Border imperialism is a powerful framework for understanding the ways that colonial states manage borders in order to restrict movement of migrants and secure neoliberal economic interests. The present commentary, based on research carried out in British Columbia, Canada, utilizes ethnographic data to highlight the impacts of border imperialism on the everyday lives of temporary migrant farmworkers. First, I discuss how Mexican and Caribbean migrants’ lives are impacted by displacement from farms in their ‘home’ countries. Next, I provide an overview of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and argue that it (along with other circular migration schemes) is a powerful weapon of border imperialism designed to construct migrant precarity and uphold deeply-held notions of “Canadianness.” Finally, I discuss the racialization and criminalization of migrant farm workers and present workers’ testimonials to demonstrate how these processes result in migrants’ exclusion from the nation-state and local communities. Ultimately, I argue that scholars and activists struggling for migrant justice must center the demands of workers in their activism.
Keywords: British Columbia (Canada); Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP); border imperialism; criminalization; migrant labour; racial segregation

Accès à la justice des travailleurs de plateformes numériques : Réponses contrastées des tribunaux canadiens et américains - Coiquaud, Urwana; Martin, Isabelle (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
L’arrivée des plateformes numériques dans le paysage du travail canadien s’accompagne d’un recours croissant aux conventions imposant l’arbitrage (ou clauses compromissoires) comme mode de résolution des conflits. Les travailleurs de plateformes souhaitant faire reconnaître leur statut de salarié au sens des lois sur les normes d’emploi doivent donc s’adresser à un forum privé, parfois situé à l’extérieur du Canada. C’est dans ce contexte que l’invalidation d’une telle clause dans l’affaire Heller v Uber Technologies Inc par la Cour d’appel d’Ontario prend toute son importance. La Cour suprême ayant accepté d’entendre l’appel, empruntera-t-elle la voie du droit américain et permettra-t-elle que ces clauses fassent obstacle aux recours collectifs revendiquant la reconnaissance du statut de salarié ? Notre étude des jugements tant ontariens qu’américains sur la validité des clauses compromissoires liant Uber à ses chauffeurs révèle, à cet égard, le caractère déterminant de l’approche choisie par les tribunaux.
Keywords: Ontario; United States; access to justice; accès à la justice; arbitrage ou clause compromissoire; arbitration clause; dispute resolution mechanism; mode de résolution des conflits; plateformes numériques; status of platform workers; statut des travailleurs; États-Unis

1919 : une histoire graphique de la grève générale de Winnipeg - Collectif d'histoire graphique; Lester, David; Michaud, William; Graphic History Collective (Between the Lines, 2019)

Handbook on In-Work Poverty - Cooke, Gordon (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Handbook on In-Work Poverty," edited by Henning Lohmann and Ive Marx.

La charge de travail perçue des cadres : d’une typologie à une compréhension systémique - Coron, Clotilde (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
La charge de travail des cadres est un phénomène bien documenté : la littérature sur le sujet souligne, entre autres, l’intensification du travail des cadres, ainsi que les effets des réorganisations sur cette intensification. Une étude de cas dans une administration ayant vécu une réorganisation, confrontée à la menace de l’ouverture à la concurrence et caractérisée par un modèle corporatiste, illustre ces points, tout en les accompagnant d’un constat qui incite à approfondir l’analyse. En effet, une première analyse quantitative descriptive révèle que la charge de travail, et surtout le travail « inintéressant », vont croissant quand on s’élève dans la hiérarchie, phénomène qui peut sembler à prime abord étonnant. Une enquête approfondie, qui combine approches quantitative et qualitative, et qui s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique de l’analyse systémique des organisations, permet alors de montrer en quoi la charge de travail est le fruit de facteurs variés. Ceux-ci peuvent être liés à l’ouverture à la concurrence, à la mise en place d’un système de reddition de compte contraignant, mais également à des stratégies mises en place par les différents acteurs afin de gérer leur travail en fonction des ressources à leur disposition et de leur position dans le système. Une typologie nous a conduite à identifier quatre groupes de cadres caractérisés par des perceptions et des stratégies homogènes relatives à la charge de travail. L’analyse systémique permet, ensuite, de comprendre ces stratégies à l’aune du système de l’établissement. Finalement, cette enquête souligne la structuration systémique de la charge de travail des cadres, tout comme l’intérêt d’une méthodologie mixte pour l’appréhender.
Keywords: analyse systémique des organisations; análisis sistemático de organizaciones; cadres; carga de trabajo; charge de travail; manager; metodología mixta; mixed methodology; méthode quantitative; méthodologie mixte; métodos cuantitativos; quantitative method; strategic analysis of organizations; tipología; typologie; typology; workload

West Ham and the River Lea: A Social and Environmental History of London's Industrialized Marshland, 1839-1914 - Cruikshank, Ken (Labour/Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews by the book, "West Ham and the River Lea: A Social and Environmental History of London's Industrialized Marshland, 1839-1914," by Jim Clifford.
Keywords: 20th century; Books; Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations; Election results; European history; Floods; Geographic information systems; Historians; History--History of North And South America; Industrial development; Industry; Local elections; Municipal government; Politics; Rivers; Union leadership

I Am Not a Tractor: How Florida Farmworkers Took on the Fast Food Giants and Won - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "I Am Not a Tractor: How Florida Farmworkers Took on the Fast Food Giants and Won," by Susan L. Marquis.

Not for Long: The Life and Times of the NFL Athlete - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Not for Long: The Life and Times of the NFL Athlete," by Robert W. Turner II.

Woman Enough: How a Boy became a Woman and Changed the World of Sport - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Woman Enough: How a Boy became a Woman and Changed the World of Sport," by Kirsten Worley and Johanna Schneller.

Clearing the Plains: Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life - Daschuk, James W. (Canadian plains studies, 2019)
Revealing how Canada's first Prime Minister used a policy of starvation against Indigenous people to clear the way for settlement, the multiple award-winning Clearing the Plains sparked widespread debate about genocide in Canada. In arresting, but harrowing, prose, James Daschuk examines the roles that Old World diseases, climate, and, most disturbingly, Canadian politics—the politics of ethnocide—played in the deaths and subjugation of thousands of Indigenous people in the realization of Sir John A. Macdonald’s "National Dream. " It was a dream that came at great expense: the present disparity in health and economic well-being between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, and the lingering racism and misunderstanding that permeates the national consciousness to this day. This new edition of Clearing the Plains has a foreword by Pulitzer Prize winning author, Elizabeth Fenn, an opening by Niigaanwewidam James Sinclair, and explanations of the book’s influence by leading Canadian historians. -- Publisher's description.
Keywords: Aspect sanitaire; Canada; Canada (Ouest); Canada, Western; Colonisation; Diseases; Diseases. Indians of North America; Government relations. Indians of North America; Government relations. Indians, North American; Health and hygiene; Health and hygiene. Ethnische Beziehungen Gesundheit Indianer Indianerpolitik Kolonisation Sozialer Wandel Indianerpolitik Ethnozid Indianer Krankheit Hunger Sozialer Wandel Indigenous peoples in Canada. Indiens d'Amrique; Health aspects. Ethnic relations. Indians of North America. Indians of North America; Histoire. Canada (Ouest); Histoire. Genre/Form: History. History; Histoire. Indiens d'Amrique; History. Indians of North America; Indians of North America; Maladies; Relations avec l'tat. Canada (Ouest); Relations interethniques; Sant et hygine; history. Colonization; history. Communicable Diseases; history. Health Status. Disease Outbreaks; history. Population Dynamics. Colonialism

Contested Formations of Digital Game Labor - de Peuter, Greig; Young, Chris J. (Television & New Media, 2019)
This article introduces a special issue critically investigating contemporary formations of digital game labor, with a focus on the political-economic forces, social inequalities, and technological dynamics mutually shaping these formations. Accounts of game industry practices have been at the forefront of efforts within media studies to document and theorize conditions and transformations of labor under digital capitalism. The study of digital game labor has tended to cluster around four areas of inquiry: below-the-line labor, the creative labor of game development, player-production, and game labor politics. Providing empirically informed portraits of diverse contexts and experiences of gamework, this issue interrogates multiple dimensions of precarious work and social exclusion within an industry whose playful self-image can make it a resistant object of labor-centered analysis. The contributors to this issue promote a research orientation that is attentive to how work in the digital game industry might be made more accessible and sustainable.

The Unexpected Survival of Employer Collective Action in the United Kingdom - Demougin, Philippe; Gooberman, Leon; Hauptmeier, Marco (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Recent research within employment relations has identified how employer collective organizations continue to thrive in countries featuring different institutional characteristics. In the UK, we identify 447 membership-based Employer Organizations (EOs) active within employment relations and human resource management. The volume of organizations identified prompts our research question: what explains the changing role and activities of UK EOs? Country-level studies of EOs continuation use a range of theoretical frameworks to analyze how these organizations have adapted to institutional and economic change, but the most effective mode of analysis is debated. Our contribution is to apply Schmitter and Streeck’s identification of logics driving the behaviour of employer collective organizations, previously applied to coordinated market economies as defined by the Varieties of Capitalism framework, to the UK’s liberal market economy. The article explores the extent to which liberalization prompted new behaviour within UK EOs. Some studies argue that EOs in coordinated market economies adapt by prioritizing logics driving influence over those linked to membership. We explore how the UK’s changing political economy spurred evolution in the application of logics and find that the opposite happened. EOs once used participation within collective bargaining agreements and the governance of tripartite bodies to prioritize the logic of influence but these institutions decayed. It might have been expected that such decay would have caused a withering of EOs but they reconstituted themselves instead. The declining salience of the logic of influence prompted employer bodies to focus to a greater degree on the logic of membership by offering a broader range of member-focused services. Our findings indicate that employer collective bodies can react to liberalization with adaptation, not extinction. We also argue that our methodology could shed light on EOs behaviour in North America.
Keywords: Organizaciones de empleadores; Reino Unido; Royaume-Uni; United Kingdom; acción colectiva; action collective; collective action; employer interest representation; employer organizations; employment relations; organisations d’employeurs; relaciones de empleo; relations de travail; representación de intereses del empleador; représentation des intérêts des employeurs

The Rise and Decline of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in Ontario and Quebec during World War II, 1939-1945 - Deshaies, Charles A. (University of Maine, 2019)
The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was one of the most influential political parties in Canadian History. Without doubt, from a social welfare perspective, the CCF helped Canada build and develop an extensive social welfare system across Canada. The CCF’s major contributions to Canadian social welfare policy during the critical years following the Great Depression has been justly credited to the party. This was especially true during the Second World War when the federal Liberal government of Mackenzie King adroitly borrowed CCF policy planks to remove the harsh edges of capitalism and put Canada on the path to a modern welfare state. Despite the party’s success in shifting the role of the state in society, electoral triumphs proved more difficult for the CCF to obtain. On the federal level, there has been a great deal of discussion about the third-party status of the CCF. One of the objectives of this paper is to indicate that such a role was not pre-ordained for Canada’s democratic socialist group. From 1942 to 1944, it appeared that the CCF was a significant electoral threat to the monopoly of the Conservative and Liberal parties. Ultimately, the party fell short of ending the dominance of the traditional governing bodies. The failure of the CCF to break through with the Canadian voting public is often blamed on the underwhelming performance of the party in the two most populous provinces: Ontario and Quebec. This work explores the efforts put forth by the party to expand the CCF beyond its Western base of support and shows how both provinces were inhospitable to the CCF prior to World War II. In addition, evidence is presented that clearly demonstrates that the CCF in Ontario and Quebec often hindered its own efforts to grow the movement. Horrid organization, non-existent leadership, and serious divisions within the party all helped to contribute to the anemic state of the CCF in Canada’s two largest provinces. These problems were compounded by thinly-veiled racism towards members of the French-Canadian community in Quebec. However, by 1942, the Ontario CCF addressed these issues and became a force to be reckoned with in the province. Attempts were made to incorporate this model into the Quebec branch of the party. The Quebec CCF made some in-roads in expanding their small base on the Island of Montreal. Despite these advances, the party failed to break through in the predominately French-speaking province. The 1945 Ontario and federal elections stemmed the tide of CCF momentum. From that point, the party was relegated to a permanent third-party status at the federal level. In Ontario, the party maintained a substantial degree of public support and would play a role in maintaining the three-party political system in that province. The Quebec CCF could make no such boast. The party’s weak support ensured they would remain on the fringes of Quebec politics during the remainder of the party’s days. While numerous factors are often credited with dooming the CCF in Quebec (opposition from the Roman Catholic Church, the centralizing nature of CCF policy, and media disdain), the available evidence indicates the party failed to address persistent concerns over leadership and organization.

Des obstacles à la construction de l’identité professionnelle des sexologues - Després, Lyanna; Bergeron, Manon (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Le contexte de la sexologie est unique au Québec, notamment en raison de la formation, du contexte de pratique, de même que de la récente réglementation. La création de l’Ordre professionnel des sexologues du Québec en 2013 marque un moment décisif pour la reconnaissance de la profession de sexologue. Bien que certains chercheurs se soient intéressés à cette profession au Québec et ailleurs, aucune étude ne semble avoir exploré de manière précise la question de l’identité professionnelle des sexologues. Pourtant, certaines études indiquent que la construction de leur identité professionnelle poserait certaines difficultés. Cette recherche exploratoire vise à répondre à la question suivante : Quels sont les obstacles à la construction de l’identité professionnelle des sexologues? Cette recherche se base principalement sur le modèle de la socialisation professionnelle de Dubar (2010) et a été effectuée par l’entremise de 25 entrevues individuelles auprès de diplômés du baccalauréat en sexologie, détenant ou non d’autres diplômes. Les résultats indiquent que le principal obstacle à la construction de l’identité professionnelle réside dans le fait que l’identité collective demeure toujours en cours de définition en raison du caractère récent de la profession et de la réglementation, de même qu’à cause de la diversité du champ de pratique. Les résultats de l’étude procurent une meilleure compréhension des processus contribuant à la construction de l’identité professionnelle des sexologues : ils peuvent fournir des éléments de réflexion tant au milieu académique qu’à ceux de la pratique.
Keywords: Dubar’s professional socialization; identidad profesional; identité professionnelle; metodología cualitativa; méthodologie qualitative; profesión sexólogo; profession sexologue; professional identity; qualitative methodology; sexologie; sexology; sexology profession; sexología; socialisation professionnelle de Dubar; socialización profesional de Dubar

Why Women Have Better Sex Under Socialism: And Other Arguments for Economic Independence - DeWitt, Jessica M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Why Women Have Better Sex Under Socialism: And Other Arguments for Economic Independence," by Kristen R. Ghodsee.

Three Comrades of Montréal: A Film About Solidarity - Ramirez, Bruno C.; Princigalli, Giovanni (2019)
In this documentary by Bruno Ramirez and Giovanni Princigalli, three union activists who immigrated from southern Italy to Montréal share stories from a lifetime fighting to improve the conditions of workers. --Website description

"Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth": The First International in a Global Perspective - Drapeau, Thierry (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, ""Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth": The First International in a Global Perspective," edited by Fabrice Bensimon, Quenton Deluermoz, and Jeanne Moisand.

La construction discursive des rapports de force dans les éditoriaux de La Presse : le cas des médecins et des infirmières - Dufour, Mathieu; Laurin-Lamothe, Audrey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Par le biais d’une analyse thématique d’éditoriaux de La Presse sur près de 35 ans, soit de 1980 à 2015, nous montrons comment s’est graduellement construit, au Québec, un discours qui prône une augmentation constante de la rémunération des médecins, alors même que, parallèlement, les infirmières recevaient un traitement asymétrique. Notre analyse s’inscrit dans la continuité des recherches sur les facteurs ayant influencé l’évolution de la rémunération des travailleurs à partir des années 1980.
Keywords: La Presse; Quebec; Québec; analyse de contenu; análisis de contenido; discourse analysis; editoriales; editorials; enfermeras; infirmières; medical doctor; médecins; médicos; nurse; salaires; salarios; wages; éditoriaux

The Transnational Making of Ontario Tobacco Labour, 1925-1990 - Dunsworth, Edward Ira (University of Toronto, 2019)
This dissertation explores the transformations in tobacco farm labour in Ontario from approximately 1925 to 1990, advancing a significant reinterpretation of the histories of agricultural labour and guestworker programs in Canada. Contrary to portrayals of Canadian agriculture as permanently plagued by labour shortage, this case study demonstrates the heterogeneity of the sector, which included not only labour-starved growers but also farmers like those in tobacco whose high profits enabled them to attract a diverse range of harvest workers each year. Indeed, for much of the 20th century, Ontario’s tobacco sector, located primarily in Norfolk County and the surrounding areas, was the premier destination for seasonal farmworkers in Canada. In the sector’s early decades, tobacco workers enjoyed significant freedom of movement, unusual opportunities for social mobility, and a vibrant culture of worker organization and resistance. However, the opportunities in Ontario tobacco were never equally available to all prospective workers, and incorporation into the sector was always marked by patterns of inclusion and exclusion. For those workers who could gain access to the tobacco labour market, the benefits of working in tobacco steadily declined over the 20th century. By the 1980s, the sector no longer offered opportunities for social mobility and the possibilities of worker organization were greatly constrained. Guestworkers from the Caribbean and Mexico found their labour and geographic mobility much more tightly restricted than any previous or contemporary groups of tobacco workers. These transformations were complex and the result of many contingent factors (in both Canada and migrant-sending countries), including: political economic trends; ideologies of race and gender; the actions of employers, local communities, and workers themselves; and the efforts of multiple levels of the state to exert greater control over tobacco farm labour. The thesis pays particular attention to the transnational dynamics of labour migration systems, guestworker program structures, and worker resistance. By historicizing farm labour in a single crop and single region over approximately seven decades, the dissertation demonstrates that farm labour is not by definition a station of poverty and extreme exploitation, but instead is made so by historical processes.

Re-Assessing Caregiver Migration Programs and Policies in Canada - Eldeib, Isabella (Toronto Metropolitan University, 2019)
Caregiver migration programs and policies in Canada have undergone numerous changes since the implementation of the Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP) in 1992. Although changes made by the Canadian government between 1992 and 2020 claimed to “support” migrant caregivers, many caregivers continue to face precarious conditions. The purpose of this Major Research Paper is to argue that caregiver migration programs and policies need to be reassessed and challenged as they continue to embody problematic labour practices that render migrant caregivers vulnerable. Broadly, this research brings literature on racism, sexism and colonialism into one conversation in order to better understand the root causes of inequality faced by migrant caregivers in Canada. The significance of this work lies in its provision of a contemporary understanding of caregiver migration, especially in light of a global pandemic, in order to advocate for policy amendments that will genuinely support migrant caregivers and lead to the elimination of exploitative care labour practices.

La contribution des institutions régionales à la gestion des talents : regards sur la grappe aérospatiale de Montréal - Emilien, Blandine; Lévesque, Christian; Morissette, Lucie; Perez-Lauzon, Sara (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Cette recherche examine comment les institutions contribuent, à travers un processus d’expérimentation, au développement d’une gestion des talents (GDT) au niveau régional, la faisant passer ainsi d’un bien privé à un bien collectif. Ce passage s’opère par la création d’agences, de règles formelles et informelles, ainsi que de réseaux par les parties prenantes qui cherchent à développer et attirer des talents pour l’ensemble d’un écosystème.
Keywords: Montreal aerospace cluster; agrupamiento (cluster) aeroespacial de Montreal; bien colectivo; bien collectif; collective good; gestion des talents; gestión de talentos; grappe aérospatiale montréalaise; instituciones regionales; institutions régionales; regional institutions; talent management

Where's Labour? - Engler, Yves (Left, Right: Marching to the Beat of Imperial Canada, 2019)
[This book] details the Canadian Left's promotion of colonial policies and nationalist myths. Yves Engler...outlines the NDP's and labour unions' role in confusing Canadians. From Korea to Libya, Canada's major left-wing political party has backed unjust wars; Canadian unions supported the creation of NATO, the Korean War, the assassination of Patrice Lumumba, the Bay of Pigs invasion and the coup in Haiti. Left, Right also shows how prominent Left commentators concede a great deal to the dominant ideology. Whether it's Linda McQuaig turning Lester Pearson into an anti-US peacenik, Stephen Lewis praising Canada's role in Africa, or others mindlessly demanding more so-called peacekeeping, Left intellectuals regularly undermine the building of a just foreign policy. Left nationalist ideology, both Canadian and Quebecois, has warped the foreign policy discussion; viewing their country as a semi-colony struggling for its independence has blinded progressives to a long history of supporting empire and advancing corporate interests abroad. Even many victims of Canadian colonialism among indigenous communities have succumbed to the siren song of supporting imperialism. Finally, Left, Right suggests some ways to get the Left working for an ecologically sound, peace-promoting, non-exploitative foreign policy that does no harm and treats others the way we wish to be treated. --Publisher's description

Precarious Work, Gender Roles, and the Use of Work-Life Balance Programs in Academia - Enoh, Eno Ibok Jackson (University of Lethbridge, Dhillon School of Business, 2019)
This thesis examined the experiences of contract academic staff (CAS) regarding their use of work-life balance programs (WLBPs). As precarious employees, CAS are subject to work conditions that put them in a bind between surviving as precarious workers and meeting the demands of their work and family lives. As such, a clearer picture of how such highly-skilled professionals utilize WLBPs to achieve WLB is required. Adopting the phenomenology qualitative research approach, I used NVivo to analyze the data obtained from in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with ten research participants. Four themes emerged: precarious work, support and performance, gendered aspects of academia, and precarious workers’ use of WLBPs. Results showed that male and female CAS adopted similar WLBPs as boundary management strategies to integrate and/or separate their work and family obligations. The limitations and implications of the research for theory and practice were discussed and recommendations were made for future research.

The Effects of Work-Life Benefits on Employment Outcomes in Canada: A Multivariate Analysis - Fang, Tony; Lee, Byron; Timming, Andrew; Fan, Di (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The aim of this study is to examine the empirical question of how the provision of work-life benefits is associated with wages, promotions, and job satisfaction. This is an important question for industrial relations scholars and one that, as yet, has no definitive answer. In order to answer this question, we employ both economic theory and methods. Specifically, the economic theories being tested are the compensating wage differentials theory and the efficiency wage theory. To test the efficacy of each theory, we use econometric techniques using longitudinal data from the most recent Workplace and Employee Survey of Canada. We use regression to unpack the effects of work-life benefits on various employment outcomes and employ instrumental variables to mitigate against reverse causality. We find broad support for the efficiency wage theory. Alternatively stated, we find that increases in benefits are not associated with decreases in wages and other employment outcomes. If bundled correctly, work-life benefits are positively associated with increased wages, a greater number of promotions, enhanced employee morale in the form of job satisfaction, and improved employee retention. These results suggest that the provision of work-life benefits is not a zero-sum game for employers and employees. On the contrary, it appears that both parties to the employment relationship can benefit from work-life benefits.
Keywords: Canada; conciliación trabajo-familia; conciliation travail-famille; job satisfaction; promoción; promotion; salaire; salarios; satisfacción laboral; satisfaction au travail; wages; work-life benefits

“Farmworkers Zindabad!”: Community Unionism and the Canadian Farmworkers’ Union, 1978-1986 - Fast, Nicholas (Simon Fraser University, 2019)
At a meeting of the Farmworkers’ Organizing Committee (FWOC) on 6 April 1980, the FWOC officially became the Canadian Farmworkers’ Union (CFU) with the goal of providing better legal protection, immigration services, and overall improved safety standards for South Asian farm workers in the Lower Mainland. The CFU was unable to reach financial autonomy on their own and with a perpetual shortage of dues and heavy reliance on outside support, the CFU affiliated with the larger Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) in 1981. The CFU’s community unionism was unique and suited for their members’ needs but complicated their relationship with the CLC’s vision of a labour movement dominated by business unionism. This thesis demonstrates the CFU’s importance to Canadian labour historiography and provides valuable lessons for those who want to organize in an increasingly neo-liberal dominant society.

Radical Ambition: The New Left in Toronto - Finkel, Alvin (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Radical Ambition: The New Left in Toronto," by Peter Graham and Ian McKay.

Industrial Relations in Singapore: Practice and Perspective - Floyd, Louise (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Industrial Relations in Singapore: Practice and Perspective," by Oun Hean Loh.

Les services essentiels au Québec et la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés - Fontaine, Laurence (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Les services essentiels au Québec et la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés," by Jean Bernier.

They Call Me George: The Untold Story of Black Train Porters and the Birth of Modern Canada - Foster, Cecil (Biblioasis, 2019)
A historical work of non-fiction that chronicles the little-known stories of black railway porters-the so-called "Pullmen" of the Canadian rail lines. The actions and spirit of these men helped define Canada as a nation in surprising ways, effecting race relations, human rights, North American multiculturalism, community building, the shape and structure of unions, and the nature of travel and business across the US and Canada. Drawing on the stories and legends of several of these influential early black Canadians, this book narrates the history of a very visible, but rarely considered, aspect of black life in railway-age Canada. These porters, who fought against the idea of Canada as White Man's Country, open only to immigrants from Europe, fought for and won a Canada that would provide opportunities for all its citizens. -- Publisher's description. Contents: Introduction -- Leaving the station: Stan Grizzle's legacy of social change -- The railways are always hiring: working in white man's country -- "Did you ring, Sir?": Modern luxury and black labour -- The coloured commonwealth: reckoning with ah racist past -- "I know nothing about that": Legislating the colour line -- The ending of empire: Reimagining immigration -- Pressuring parliament: a new kind of Canadian citizenship -- A Creolized country: the black British of the West Indies -- Permanent residence: social identity and the state -- Demerits and deadheading: the rail companies' unreasonable demands -- An uphill battle: Pushing for policy changes -- Fair consideration: The porters gain new ground -- The porters' final fight: A multicultural country -- Beyond the rails: The battle for black identity -- Conclusion: A multicultural brotherhood fulfilling a dream -- Afterword: Appreciating the legacy -- Endnotes -- Index.
Keywords: Black Canadians History; Black people; Black people Canada History; Canada; HISTORY Canada General; History; Noirs canadiens Histoire; Personnes noires Canada Histoire; Porters; Porters Canada History; Porteurs de bagages Canada Histoire; Préposés aux pullmans Canada Histoire; Préposés de service ferroviaire Canada Histoire; Pullman porters; Pullman porters Canada History; Train attendants; Train attendants Canada History

International Workers' Day (May Day) in Canada - Gagnon, Marc-André (The Canadian Encyclopedia (TCE), 2019)
Recognized on the first day of May every year, International Workers’ Day, or May Day, commemorates the struggles of workers around the world through the labour movements and the political left. Although established in Canada since the beginning of the 20th century, this day is not deemed a statutory holiday, as opposed to Labour Day, celebrated on the first Monday in September.

Working on Keeping it Together: Exploring the Lived Experience of Precarious Employment in Rural Ontario - Gaspard, Valencia (University of Guelph, 2019)
Precarious employment is often experienced as contract work, involuntary part-time work, low wage work, and self-employment. There is a well-developed body of literature pointing to negative health, economic, and social impacts related to precarious employment in urban centres, while little consideration has been given to the particularities that may make a rural precarious employment experience different. The goal of this exploratory research project is to understand the experience of being precariously employed in rural Ontario. Nineteen unstructured individual interviews with rural Ontarians experiencing rural precarious employment were conducted. The phenomenon of rural precarious employment was distinguished by five themes (financial, health, self-view, social, and system) emergent through phenomenology. The phenomenon encompassed experiences of poverty, decreased health, negative self-views, social struggles, and marginalization from support public systems. Unpacking precarious employment in rural Ontario from the experience of workers has significance for both rural scholars and policy makers. Rural scholars benefit from a better understanding of precarious employment as an experience in rural areas, and the addition of lived rural experiences to the precarious employment literature advances the understanding of urban bias in scholarship. This research provides provincial policy makers the opportunity to craft rural focused employment policy and better understand how services can support rural precarious employees.

Anglo-American Multinationals in Europe: The Curious Case of Hudson’s Bay Company Taking over Galeria Kaufhof - Gebert, Raoul (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Multinational corporations are undeniably the driving force of globalization and regional economic integration. A convenient institutional framework (Hall and Soskice, 2001) to apply when comparing multinationals from different host countries is the well-travelled road of dividing capitalist economies into coordinated market economies (CMEs) and liberal market economies (LMEs). This article aims to elucidate the tensions between centralized human resources practices and labour union avoidance usually exhibited by multinationals from so-called Liberal Market Economies (LMEs) when they expand into coordinated ones (CMEs). Specifically, it examines the recent acquisition of the German retail giant Galeria Kaufhof by the Canadian multinational Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC). The article shows that HBC has settled into an uneasy acceptance of the CME institutions, while its investment motives vacillate between a long-term, market-enlargement strategy and a short- to medium-term one, based on the rapidly increasing real estate value of its downtown flagship stores. The article encourages researchers in IR to retain three principal conclusions for the literature and for further study. First, without predetermining outcomes by looking at host-country or home-country effects alone, institutionalist frameworks do present a convenient backdrop for conceptualizing movements of multinationals across jurisdictions. Secondly, concepts such as bricolage, recombining of institutional elements and institutional entrepreneurship, stemming from the institutional change literature, should routinely figure in one’s analytical toolbox, in any attempt at non-deterministic institutional analysis. Finally, sector-level actors, such as trade unions and employers’ associations, can play an essential role in any successful adaptation of collective bargaining institutions in the context of globalization by developing, maintaining and carefully utilizing their repertoire of strategic capabilities.
Keywords: asociación de empleadores; associations d’employeurs; capacidades estratégicas; capacités stratégiques; employers’ associations; institucionalismo; institutionalism; institutionnalisme; multinacionales; multinationales; multinationals; sindicatos; strategic capabilities; syndicats; trade unions

Dix concepts pour penser le nouveau monde du travail - Gentil, Olivier (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Dix concepts pour penser le nouveau monde du travail," edited by Daniel Mercure and Mircea Vultur.

Union and Communist Party Influences on the Environment in China - Ghorbani, Majid; Gunderson, Morley; Lee, Byron (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
We examine the ways in which two major and related governmental institutions of China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) and government controlled All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU), exert different effects on the attitudes and behaviour of people toward the environment. Our motivation is to see which institution is more effective in making individuals ‘aware’ of environmental issues, expressing a ‘willingness to pay’ to alleviate the problems, and ultimately to ‘act’ on the issue by altering their behaviour. Based on theories of planned behaviour and social learning, we hypothesize that membership in the CPC as well as in the ACFTU fosters an ‘awareness’ of environmental problems and a ‘willingness to make a sacrifice’ to protect the environment, but that members of the ACFTU are more likely than members of the CPC to act on the issue by altering their behaviour. We test our hypothesis based on a nationally representative sample (n = 3112) from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). Our results indicate that both the Party and the union have positive effects on ‘awareness’ and ‘willingness to pay’, but the union effect is generally stronger and only it (and not the Party) affects individual behaviour toward protecting the environment. Unions in China are generally regarded as having little or no independent power to organize workers and engage in free collective bargaining. Their role is to foster harmony between workers and employers and to co-opt grassroots actions, wildcat strikes and the growth of independent unions, all in the interest of fostering stability and growth. While this is undoubtedly the case, our results are consistent with an emerging view of a more variegated picture of Chinese trade unions that highlights some more positive elements, in our case, fostering ‘actions’ to improve the environment in China.
Keywords: China; Chine; Communist Party of China; Parti communiste chinois; Partido Comunista de China; actitudes; attitudes; behaviour; comportamiento; comportements; environment; environnement; instituciones; institutions; medio ambiente; sindicatos; syndicats; unions

Beginnings to 1866 - Girard, Philip; Phillips, Jim; Brown, R. Blake (A History of Law in Canada, 2019)
This book, the first of 2 volumes, presents the history of law in what is now Canada, from the first European contacts with northern North America in the very early sixteenth century to immediately before Confederation. Divided into four parts, the book first looks at the roots of Canada’s three legal traditions, Indigenous, French and English, in North America, France and England. Part 2 examines the period down to 1701 and the signing of the treaty known as the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701, during which New France was established. Part 3 deals with the eighteenth century – Anglo-French conflict, New France until 1760, the establishment and growth of English colonies of settlement, and, throughout, relations with indigenous peoples and governance of indigenous nations. Part 4 is devoted to the British North American period, after 1815. Indigenous people are central of the narrative throughout, including after 1815 when their influence waned as their land base was largely lost in central and eastern Canada. Included in Part 4 are the Red River settlement and early British Columbia. Although the background to this history are the well-known major political, military, social and economic transformations of this part of North America, the book is principally a legal history set against and integrated with that background. Court systems, the judiciary, the legal professions, are dealt with in every period and for each of the legal traditions, and the areas of law covered include criminal, family, constitutional, commercial, land, succession, and civil and criminal procedure. This volume combines the remarkable flowering of scholarship on Canadian legal history, so much of it fostered and published by the Osgoode Society over 35 years, and much new research. --Publisher's description
Keywords: Canada; Droit Canada Histoire; History; Law; Law Canada History

That '70s Strike Support: Labour, Feminism, and the Left in Three Ontario Strikes, 1972-1979 - Godden, Mason (Trent University, 2019)
This thesis examines three Ontario strikes during the 1970s: the Dare Foods, Ltd. strike in Kitchener, Ontario, 1972-1973; the Puretex Knitting Company strike in Toronto, 1978-1979; and the Inco strike in Sudbury, 1978-1979. These strikes highlight gender issues in the Canadian food production, textile, and mining industries in the 1970s, industries that were all markedly different in size and purpose, yet equally oppressive towards working women for different reasons, largely based on the regional character of each city the strikes took place in. In Kitchener, the women's movement worked closely with the Dare union local and the left to mobilize against the company and grappled with the difficulties of framing women's inequality within the labour movement. At Puretex, immigrant women workers were subject to electronic surveillance as a form of worker control, and a left-wing nationalist union needed to look outside of the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) for allies in strike action. At Inco, an autonomous women's group formed separate from the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) but struggled to overcome a negative perception of women's labour activism in Sudbury. Ultimately, these strikes garnered a wide variety of support from working women and feminist groups, who often built or had pre-existing relationships with Canadian and American trade unions as well as the left-wing milieu of the 1970s. This thesis uses these strikes as case studies to argue that despite the complicated and at times uneven relationship between feminism, labour, and the left in the 1970s, feminist and left-wing strike support was crucial in sustaining rank-and-file militancy throughout the decade and stimulating activist careers for women in the feminist movement, in unions, and on the left.

Hard Work Conquers All: Building the Finnish Community in Canada - Goings, Aaron (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Hard Work Conquers All: Building the Finnish Community in Canada," edited by Michel S. Beaulieu, David K. Ratz, and Ronald N. Harpelle.

Accomplishment is to be celebrated but also creates a benchmark / Des réalisations à souligner et une référence pour l’avenir - Gould, Anthony; Hallée, Yves (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
We are honoured to take over as the editors of RI/IR. Our new responsibility, formally assumed in September 2018, weighs heavily on us. We know that the journal is special. Since 1945, it has carved out a reputation for being at the vanguard in presenting research concerning work, employment and the labour market, as well as for being transcendent in how it delivers its product. RI/IR distinguishes itself from its rivals in the way it brings together professionals from disparate cultural, linguistic and epistemological backgrounds. Much like Canada itself, the journal serves as a reminder that diversity is a strength and that respect for difference, far from being a matter of jaundiced tolerance, is in fact a critical precursor of greatness. Aside from its role as a broad church of ideas, methodologies and ideological orientations, RI/IR has provided a platform for francophone scholars to showcase their work alongside their Anglophone peers. / Nous sommes honorés d’assumer le rôle de directeurs de la revue Relations industrielles/Industrial Relations (RI/IR) et nous mesurons pleinement l’importance de cette nouvelle responsabilité, dont nous sommes formellement investis depuis le mois de septembre 2018. Notre revue est particulière, nous le savons. Depuis 1945, elle s’est forgé une réputation avant-gardiste grâce à la publication de travaux de recherche novateurs sur le travail, l’emploi et le marché du travail, tout en se surpassant dans sa façon de diffuser son produit. RI/IR se démarque de ses concurrents par sa capacité à rassembler des professionnels de diverses origines culturelles, linguistiques et épistémologiques. Tout comme le Canada, la revue rappelle, par son essence même, que la diversité est une force et le respect de la différence, loin d’être une tolérance amère, constitue un précurseur essentiel de la grandeur. Au-delà de son rôle d’incarner un large spectre d’idées, de méthodologies et d’orientations idéologiques, RI/IR offre aux chercheurs francophones une plateforme qui leur permet de présenter leurs travaux à côté de leurs homologues anglophones. --Introduction

Direct Action Gets the Goods: A Graphic History of the Strike in Canada - Graphic History Collective; Balmes, Althea; Hill, Gord; Keresztesi, Orion; Lester, David (2019)
Art has always played a significant role in the history of the labour movement. Songs, stories, poems, pamphlets, and comics, have inspired workers to take action against greedy bosses and helped shape ideas of a more equal world. They also help fan the flames of discontent. Radical social change doesn't come without radical art. It would be impossible to think about labour unrest without its iconic songs like "Solidarity Forever" or its cartoons like Ernest Riebe's creation, Mr. Block. In this vein, The Graphic History Collective has created an illustrated chronicle of the strike-the organized withdrawal of labour power-in Canada. For centuries, workers in Canada-Indigenous and non-Indigenous, union and non-union, men and women-have used the strike as a powerful tool, not just for better wages, but also for growing working-class power. This lively comic book will inspire new generations to learn more about labour and working-class history and the power of solidarity. --Publisher's description

1919: A Graphic History of the Winnipeg General Strike - Graphic History Collective; Lester, David (Between the Lines, 2019)
In May and June 1919, more than 30,000 workers walked off the job in Winnipeg, Manitoba. They struck for a variety of reasons-higher wages, collective bargaining rights, and more power for working people. The strikers made national and international headlines, and they inspired workers to mount sympathy strikes in many other Canadian cities. Although the strike lasted for six weeks, it ultimately ended in defeat. The strike was violently crushed by police, in collusion with state officials and Winnipeg's business elites. One hundred years later, the Winnipeg General Strike remains one of the most significant events in Canadian history. This comic book revisits the strike to introduce new generations to its many lessons, including the power of class struggle and solidarity and the brutal tactics that governments and bosses use to crush workers' movements. The Winnipeg General Strike is a stark reminder that the working class and the employing class have nothing in common, and the state is not afraid to bloody its hands to protect the interests of capital. In response, working people must rely on each other and work together to create a new, more just world in the shell of the old. --Publisher's description,     Contents: Preface: Revisiting the workers' revolt by the Graphic history collective -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: The Winnipeg general strike at 100 by James Naylor -- 1919: A graphic history of the Winnipeg general strike by the Graphic History Collective and David Lester -- The art of labour history: Notes on drawing 1919 by David Lester -- The character of class struggle in Winnipeg: A photo-essay -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Contributors.

Bureaucratic Manoeuvres: The Contested Administration of the Unemployed - Grundy, John (Studies in Comparative Political Economy and Public Policy, 2019)
In Bureaucratic Manoeuvres, John Grundy examines profound transformations in the governance of unemployment in Canada. While policy makers previously approached unemployment as a social and economic problem to be addressed through macroeconomic policies, recent labour market policy reforms have placed much more emphasis on the supposedly deficient employability of the unemployed themselves, a troubling shift that deserves close, critical attention. Tracing a behind-the-scenes history of public employment services in Canada, Bureaucratic Manoeuvres shows just how difficult it has been for administrators and frontline staff to govern unemployment as a problem of individual employability. Drawing on untapped government records, it sheds much-needed light on internal bureaucratic struggles over the direction of labour market policy in Canada and makes a key contribution to Canadian political science, economics, public administration, and sociology.

Politics of the Pantry: Housewives, Food, and Consumer Protest in Twentieth-Century America - Guard, Julie (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Politics of the Pantry: Housewives, Food, and Consumer Protest in Twentieth-Century America," by Emily E. LB. Twarog.
Keywords: 20th century; Activists; African Americans; American history; Books; Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations; Consumers; Consumption; Federal regulation; Feminism; Food security; Gender; History--History of North And South America; Political activism; Prices; Womens rights; Working class

Cracking Labour's Glass Ceiling: Transforming Lives Through Women's Union Education - Hanson, Cindy; Paavo, Adriane; Sisters in Labour Education (Labour in Canada (Halifax, N.S.), 2019)
Although the health of the trade union movement may rest on its ability to include women in membership and leadership, little attention has been paid to women-only labour education. This original collection contains vibrant example of labour education events and the women involved who develop, implement, research, evaluate and facilitate at them. All the contributors speak from first-hand experience with women-only programs in unions across Canada, the United States and the world. They identify the methods used in pursuit of learner empowerment and transformation, and frankly discuss the outcomes. These real-life examples offer practical guidance and inspiration for all who create and support activist learning within unions and other social-justice organizations. -- Publisher's description

“When Blue Is Green”: Towards a History of Workers as Environmentalists in British Columbia and Beyond - Harter, John (Simon Fraser University, 2019)
This dissertation examines the history of working-class environmentalism. It investigates the relationship between work and the environment and between workers and environmentalists. It presents five case studies that focus on the relationship between workers and the environment in British Columbia from the 1930s to the present, with particular emphasis on the forestry industry. Each case study examines how the interests of workers both intersect and conflict with the interests of environmentalists and how this intersection of interests presented itself throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Additionally, this dissertation examines how the working class has historically been constructed as the adversary of nature or wilderness and aims to explore how the working class, resource workers in particular, have come to symbolize that adversarial relationship. As well, it hopes to answer more epistemological questions about why working class environmentalism has not entered our lexicon and how lacking a sense of the working-class environmentalist serves to shape a discourse in which the history of worker environmentalism has been largely passed over. This study also explores how the collective memory of environmentalism has been constructed to exclude notions of class, and thus how environmentalism and the working class have been constructed as mutually exclusive categories. While this dissertation explores the exclusion of working class environmentalism it also attempts to write the worker-environmentalist back into history and show how teaching working class and labour history can help remedy this exclusion.

Proletarian Publics: Leftist and Labour Print in Canada, 1930-1939 - Hasenbank, Andrea Grace (University of Alberta, 2019)
his thesis examines a selection of print materials from the radical and Communist-affiliated Left in the 1930s, a group and time period that are often passed over in assessments of Canadian literature. While similar texts have been studied in the context of legal evidence or political propaganda, they have rarely been considered as print objects in themselves, operating within a network of production, circulation, and response alongside other literary and non-literary media. In looking at the 1930s, a moment when the project of Canada was acutely challenged by the political and economic forces of the Great Depression, I see an equal challenge to scholars and critics by writers and readers struggling to organize from below. By considering examples of Canadian proletarian print from different points along the communication cycle, this project seeks to connect the imaginary aspirations and rhetorical strategies of these texts to the material contexts of their producers and readers. Chapter One addresses the existing gap in Canadian literary history, which maintains a liberal orientation throughout its associated institutions, approaches and subjects; this orientation has been upheld through political and legal structures hostile to proletarian movements. This chapter discusses Ronald Liversedge’s Recollections of the On-to-Ottawa Trek as a text that highlights and crosses such institutional boundaries. Chapter Two takes up the methods of book history, using the example of the “Worker’s Pamphlet Series” to discuss expanding this approach to include material such as pamphlets, periodicals, and manifestos as part of an explicit class analysis. Chapter Three analyzes the self-reflexive circulation of proletarian print in the restrictive legal environment created by Section 98 of the Criminal Code through materials produced by the Canadian Labour Defense League. Chapter Four examines surveillant readings and misreadings as they intercept proletarian print, using the Edmonton Hunger March and the subsequent pamphlet “The Alberta Hunger-March.” By mapping locations associated with this event and with the print economy in 1932 Edmonton, Chapter Five considers the formation of proletarian publics as highly localized interpretive communities, and how the application of tools such as GIS mapping might further re-center readers’ material lives in the analysis of print culture. As a whole, this dissertation demonstrates how the methods of analysis and historicization offered by book history can and should be applied to bring proletarian print and readers into conversation with the wider patterns of Canadian writing through the twentieth century. This is a necessary confrontation: as the study of Canadian literature begins to acknowledge the construction and contestation of our national myths, it must also avow the lasting political consequences for those who have been excluded.

Renewing Labour’s Engagement with Old Forms of Precarity: A Case Study of Unionization of Migrant Agricultural Workers in British Columbia - Hastie, Bethany (Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société, 2019)
This article examines the efforts to unionize Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) workers in British Columbia, Canada. Through an examination of three key legal cases, Greenway, Sidhu & Sons and Floralia, this article demonstrates the positive role that unionization and collective bargaining can have in improving working conditions and security for migrant agricultural workers in Canada. Specifically, through these cases, this article explores the strategies deployed by unions in organizing and collective bargaining processes to resist the problematic consequences associated with the SAWP’s circularity and system for recalling workers, and how those strategies enhance workers’ job security, rights and voice as workers. Together, these cases demonstrate the potential of labour law to shift conditions and experiences of work for migrants, and to enable workers to negotiate decent work, access rights and improve working conditions. Though focused on Canada’s SAWP, this article bears important implications for migrant agricultural workers in many other jurisdictions, and internationally.

Janus v AFSCME, Council 31: Judges Will Haunt You in the Second Gilded Age - Herbert, William (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
This essay examines the United States Supreme Court’s 2018 decision in Janus v AFSCME, Council 31, which concluded that agency shop provisions violate the First Amendment rights of public sector workers who are not union members but receive the fruits of the representation. This decision reversed over 40 years of precedent and imposed “right to work” as a new federal constitutional mandate, fulfilling the dream of anti-union forces since the first Gilded Age. The essay begins with a brief history of the open shop movement and the development of the agency shop as a constitutionally permissible form of union security in the private and public sectors. It then describes how an activist Supreme Court majority undermined the constitutionality of the agency shop, which set the stage for the Janus decision. The essay summarizes the majority and dissenting opinions in Janus, and describes how unions, employers, and some state legislatures are responding to the decision’s immediate impact.
Keywords: Affaire Janus; First Amendment; Janus case; United States; collective bargaining; droits et libertés; labour relations; négociation collective; premier amendement; précompte syndical obligatoire; public sector; relations de travail; rights and freedoms; secteur public; union fees; États-Unis

Article 23(4) Trade Union Rights and the United Nations policy of devolution on labour relations - Hilgert, Jeffrey (Labor History, 2019)
Article 23(4) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states ‘Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.’ This article documents the global legislative history of Article 23(4) trade union rights from its original drafting to interpretation by international labour standards. The history includes debates on the fundamental principles of trade union rights, the decision by ECOSOC to ignore a call to establish a permanent UN Commission on Trade Union Rights, the devolution of authority from the United Nations to the International Labour Organization, how ILO international law experts framed trade union rights as a subset of the freedom of association, and the treatment of labour relations policy, including compulsory union membership, that resulted under international human rights norms. The history is discussed as one that confines standards of policy on labour rights in the global political economy and has particular implications for the discourse on labour rights as human rights.
Keywords: Human rights; International Labour Organization; United Nations; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; freedom of association; trade union rights

Design in Motion: The Everyday Object and the Global Division of Design Labour - Hodson, Elise (York University, 2019)
The practice of design has become obscured by global networks of production, circulation, and consumption. Traditional design studies tend to focus on high-profile products, presenting heroic designers as the primary authors of works of design. This approach is inadequate for understanding design in the late-twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Contemporary design is better understood as an iterative and distributed process of give-and-take among actors, human and non-human, including people, tools, places, and ideas. It is a process that is influenced by conditions along the commodity chain that fall outside of the designers traditionally recognized sphere. This research demonstrates that commonly held conceptions of designers as sole authors and of design work as a largely intellectual, creative activity distanced from manufacturing, misrepresent the real practices and relations of design labour in the current global economy. Two object ethnographies follow the production, circulation, and consumption of everyday, mass-produced goods: the Vanessa steel-toe boot by Mellow Walk and the Non Stop flatware by Gourmet Settings. These case studies map networks of design labour across continents, countries, cities, and generations. Primary research includes 18 interviews, observations of environments and practices, and the analysis of material evidence. This process reveals actors whose contributions have typically been omitted from design history, and describes practices of design that contest traditional depictions of designers, design work, and evidence thereof. This research contributes a fuller and more accurate understanding of the range of creative labour and labourers involved in the design and development of goods for global markets while challenging the view of these goods as placeless and culture-free. I respond to the call by design historians to extend the scope of designs histories beyond the West, and I build on the work of design and creativity scholars who identify design thinking outside of recognized design roles. My work challenges established hierarchies of design, including who is permitted to design, which countries are perceived as superior sources of design and manufacturing expertise, and the hand-head dichotomy that underwrites how we think about design and that has been entrenched in traditional conceptions of manufacturing and the global division of labour. Understanding how the work of design is distributed and how it has changed in response to globalization gives insight into the politics of production and consumption.

The Prairie Populist: George Hara Williams and the Untold Story of the CCF - Hoffman, George (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Prairie Populist: George Hara Williams and the Untold Story of the CCF," by John F. Conway.
Keywords: Activists; Agricultural cooperatives; Books; Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations; Canadian history; Careers; Farms; Federations; History--History of North And South America; Personal profiles; Political history; Political leadership; Populism; Provincial elections; Socialism

Milking Prison Labour - Innes, Erin (Briarpatch, 2019)
Canada’s prison farms are being reopened. But when prisoners will be paid pennies a day, and the fruits of their labour will likely be exported for profit, there’s little to celebrate.

Reading Canadian Women's and Gender History - Janoviček, Nancy; Nielson, Carmen J. (Studies in gender and history, 2019)
Although Canadian womens history is now nearly forty years old, no volume exists that reflects explicitly upon the fields evolution and assesses its historiographical context. This retrospective is not merely summative; the essays in this collection are analytical engagements with the current state of the field, which draw on its rich past to generate new knowledge and propose innovative avenues for inquiry. The dual purposes of this collection are to contemplate the fields past and to contribute productively to its future. These thirteen original essays are written by scholars at all career stages. The diversity of these authors perspectives illustrates the contributions that Canadian scholarship has had in international dialogues about womens and gender history and that it continues to be a vibrant area of research. The collection includes chapters about the principal sub-fields in Canadian womens and gender history, including specialized chapters on Québecois, Indigenous, Black, and immigrant womens histories, religious history, labour history, war and society, history of sexuality, the history of reproductive labour and reproductive justice, two essays on the history of feminism that, taken together, cover the period from 1850 to the present, and a thematic essay on the colonial period. --Publisher's description
Keywords: Canada; Feminism; Feminism Canada History; Feminismus; Femmes Canada Conditions sociales; Femmes Canada Histoire; Femmes Conditions sociales Canada Histoire; Frau; Féminisme Canada Histoire; History; Identité sexuelle Canada Histoire; Kanada; Women; Women Canada History; Women Canada Social conditions; Women Social conditions; Women's studies; Women's studies Canada History; Études sur les femmes Canada Histoire

Good Mothers? Geographies of Sexualized Labour and Mothering in the Strip Trades in Northern Ontario - Johnson, Jennifer L.; Gregory, Tracy (Maternal Geographies: Mothering in and Out of Place, 2019)
In this chapter, we bring together narratives elicited by Tracy [Gregory], whose graduate work as a peer researcher with strip club dancers in Northern Ontario contributes the bulk of the data, and the contributions of Jennifer [Johnson] - a former committee member for Tracy's graduate research and later a supporter of Tracy's continued work in establishing the Sex Workers Advisory Network of Sudbury (SWANS). Together, we apply the insights of feminist geography and sex-work-informed thinking to the issues of spatial awareness and relations of power described by the participants in the study. --From Authors' Introduction

The Economics of Trade Unions: A Study of a Research Field and its Findings - Kaufman, Bruce (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Economics of Trade Unions: A Study of a Research Field and its Findings," by Hristos Doucouliagos, Richard B. Freeman and Patrice Laroche.

The Communist International, Anti-Imperialism and Racial Equality in British Dominions - Kealey, Gregory S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Communist International, Anti-Imperialism and Racial Equality in British Dominions," by Oleksa Drachewych.

Gender and Working-Class Identity in Deindustrializing Sudbury, Ontario - King, Adam D.K. (Journal of Working-Class Studies, 2019)
In this article I explore the making of a gendered working-class identity among a sample of male nickel miners in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Through 26 oral history interviews conducted between January 2015 and July 2018 with current and retired miners (ages 26 to 74), I analyze how the industrial relations framework and social relations of the postwar period shaped – and continue to shape – a masculinized working-class identity. I then examine the ways in which economic restructuring and the partial deindustrialization of Sudbury’s mines have affected workers’ ideas about gender and class. I argue that, amid growing precarious employment in both the mining industry and the regional economy more broadly, the male workers in this study continue to gender their class identities, which limits attempts to build working-class solidarity in a labor market now largely characterized by feminized service sector employment.

The Making and Reproduction of Male Working-Class Identity in a Mining Town - King, Adam D.K. (York University, 2019)
This dissertation is a study of working-class identity and subjectivity among a sample of male nickel miners in Sudbury, Ontario. Recent foreign takeovers of mining firms and a protracted strike at Vale-Inco in 2009-2010 motivate this dissertation's new look at class relations and subjectivity in one of Canadas most historically significant regions of working-class organization. This study understands these recent events as part of a set of decades long economic processes that have transformed workers lives in and outside work. It explores how the form that trade unionism took in the post-WWII period has shaped class relations and class identity among male nickel miners in Sudbury. The dissertation asks: how have class subjectivity and socioeconomic change interacted over this history? After first analyzing the political economy of mining in the Sudbury Basin, the dissertation traces the formation of historically situated class subjectivities. In it, I examine how the postwar compromise between capital and labour influenced unionization and class identity among male workers at the mines. I then inquire into how industrial restructuring and job loss, the rise of new managerial strategies and neoliberal governance, and the growth of precarious, contract labour have transformed both the material contexts of workers lives and their practices of reproducing their identities as members of a working class. To form the central arguments of the dissertation, I draw on 26 oral history interviews with current and retired workers, and organize their narratives into three thematic areas of class identity: first, issues of work and the labour process; second, themes of place, space, and belonging in the formation of class identities; and third, how historical memory and generational conflict influence class. Within and across these thematic areas I show how material conditions and workers own practices of identity formation interact, adjust, and at times, contradict. I argue that the postwar class compromise between labour and capital contributed to a resilient form of working-class subjectivity among workers that is reproduced by local processes of social remembering and class reproduction. Yet, industrial restructuring, the growth of precarious employment, and the internationalization of ownership and management at the mines challenge the efficacy of this historical subjectivity. By studying unionized workers who are confronting profound industrial change, this dissertation raises questions about how the making of male working-class identity limited broader processes of class formation, as well as how we understand class and class formation in the global economy at a time when labour movements face growing structural challenges.

On the Road to Global Labour History: A Festschrift for Marcel van der Linden - Kirk, Neville (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "On the Road to Global Labour History: A Festschrift for Marcel van der Linden," edited by Karl Heinz Roth.
Keywords: Book reviews; Books; Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations; Essays; Historians; History--History of North And South America; Labor relations; Research; Researchers; Scholars; Studies; Transnationalism

Unearthing Justice: How to Protect Your Community from the Mining Industry - Kuyek, Joan (Between the Lines, 2019)
The mining industry continues to be at the forefront of colonial dispossession around the world. It controls information about its intrinsic costs and benefits, propagates myths about its contribution to the economy, shapes government policy and regulation, and deals ruthlessly with its opponents. Brimming with case studies, anecdotes, resources, and illustrations, Unearthing Justice exposes the mining process and its externalized impacts on the environment, Indigenous Peoples, communities, workers, and governments. But, most importantly, the book shows how people are fighting back. Whether it is to stop a mine before it starts, to get an abandoned mine cleaned up, to change laws and policy, or to mount a campaign to influence investors, Unearthing Justice is an essential handbook for anyone trying to protect the places and people they love. --Publisher's description
Keywords: Canada; Citizen participation; Environmental policy; Environmental protection; Indigenous peoples; Mineral industries; Mines and mineral resources; Native peoples; Politics and government

The Last Suffragist Standing: The Life and Times of Laura Marshall Jamieson - Kvill, Kesia (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Last Suffragist Standing: The Life and Times of Laura Marshall Jamieson," by Veronica Strong-Boag.

Workers and Nationalism: Czech and German Social Democracy in Habsburg Austria 1890–1918 - Lalande, J.-Guy (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Workers and Nationalism: Czech and German Social Democracy in Habsburg Austria 1890–1918," by Jakub S. Beneš.

Marijuana Legalization in Canada: Insights for Workplaces from Case Law Analysis - Lam, Helen (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The legalization of marijuana in Canada is expected to have a significant impact on workplaces, requiring the development or updating of company drug-related policies and procedures. To help employment relations stakeholders with this change, recommendations are made based on an analysis of 93 past arbitration/tribunal/court cases involving marijuana-related policy violations, drawn from the Labour Source database. Issues addressed include language and communication of the work rule, reasonableness of drug tests, standard of proof, duty to accommodate, and mitigating factors. Based on the study of those 93 court cases, some recommendations can be formulated. First, employers need to clearly state their drug-related policies, taking into consideration safety-sensitivity and any substance abuse culture. This may include prohibition of possession, use, and distribution of drugs at the workplace or working under the influence, and the need to report any medical drug use that requires accommodation. Drug tests should only be done when there is a bona fide occupational requirement or where safety is a concern, such as post-incident or when there is reasonable suspicion of drug impairment. Also, it is important to understand that positive drug test results can only show past drug use but not the level of impairment or whether the drug was used while on a work shift. Therefore, to support an offence violation and discipline, corroborating evidence from multiple witnesses and sources are often necessary. Supervisors should be trained to identify the characteristics related to marijuana and drug impairment and the procedures to follow when an incident occurs. Employers must be cognizant of the duty to accommodate medical marijuana users or recreational users who are addicted, under human rights protection for disability. Such accommodation may include work reassignment or a leave of absence. In deciding on a penalty, other than past performance and disciplinary records and personal extenuating circumstances, arbitrators may consider rehabilitation situations to assess the prognosis and viability of the employment relationship. Employers and unions are advised to stay abreast of latest developments in the laws, drug test technologies and medical research related to marijuana use.
Keywords: Canada; Canadá; case law; drug testing; duty to accommodate; jurisprudence; jurisprudencia; legislación; lugar de trabajo; légalisation; marihuana; marijuana; marijuana legalization; medida de acomodamiento; mesure d’accommodement; milieu de travail; prueba de detección; test de dépistage; toxicomanie; toxicomanía; workplace drug addiction

The Half-Life of Deindustrialization: Working Class Writing about Economic Restructuring - Lawson, Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Half-Life of Deindustrialization: Working Class Writing about Economic Restructuring," by Sherry Lee Linkon.

Travail et emploi des femmes - Le Capitaine, Catherine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Travail et emploi des femmes," by Margareth Maruani.

Slagflower: Poems Unearthed from a Mining Town - Leduc, Thomas (Latitude 46, 2019)
Debut collection of poetry from Thomas Leduc, City of Greater Sudbury's past Poet Laureate and the fourth generation of a mining family. Stagflower captures a city struggling to grow beyond its past and become more than just a mining town, while reflecting the internal human conflict to be more than family history, more than a past. --Publisher's description. "At one time, this city / had a single plan / for every young man; / a straight, well-worn path / from their front doors / to an open rock face / at the end of a mine shaft. / A path chiselled out of stone, / a path paved in nickel. / Every young man / wanted his millwright ticket, / studied the ticking of gears, / the composition of rock; / had the culture of mining / drilled into him. / Plans were passed down / from lunch pail / to lunch pail. / Fathers and sons dug the same holes / fought the same fights. / How many boys / has this rock hardened / into men." -- Chiselled Out of Stone, poem by Thomas Leduc. Table of contents: Birthmark -- Rite of passage -- Buffalo souls -- The taste of sulfur -- Slagflower.

Contemporary Challenges Teaching Labour History - Leier, Mark (James Mark); Harter, John-Henry; McCartney, Dale M.; Samoil, Andrea (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Partial contents note: Introduction / Mark Leier -- Teaching labour history and organizing skills with movement activists / Mark Leier -- Teaching the present to learn the past / John-Henry Harter -- Teaching labour history to international students / Dale M. McCartney -- Scripted celebration: issues in commemorating modern labour history / Andrea Samoil.

Valleyfield 1946 - Lévesque, Andrée; LaGrenade, Pierre (Nouveaux Cahiers du socialisme, 2019)
Discusses the workers' confrontation with Dominion Textile in Valleyfield, Québec, in 1946. Also discusses the pivotal role played by labour organizers Kent Rowley and Madeleine Parent. Includes photos.

Magnificent Fight: The 1919 Winnipeg General Strike - Lewycky, Dennis (Fernwood, 2019)
In May 1919, 30,000 Winnipeg workers walked away from their jobs, shutting down large factories, forcing businesses to close and bringing major industries to a halt. Mounted police and hired security, at the behest of the ruling class, violently ended the protest after six weeks. Two men were killed. What started as trade union revolt, the Winnipeg General Strike became a mass protest and was branded as a revolution. In Magnificent Fight, Dennis Lewycky lays out the history of this iconic event, which remains the biggest and longest strike in Canadian history. He analyzes the social, political and economic conditions leading up to the strike. He also illustrates the effects the strike had on workers, unions and all three levels of government in the following decades. Far from a simple retelling of the General Strike, Magnificent Fight speaks to the power of workers' solidarity and social organization. And Lewycky reveals the length the capitalist class and the state went to in protecting the status quo. By retelling the story of the Strike through the eyes of those who witnessed it, Lewycky's account is both educational and entertaining. --Publisher's description

Proletarianization of Professional Employees and Underemployment of General Intellect in a "Knowledge Economy": Canada, 1982–2016 - Livingstone, D. W. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Proletarianization refers to the subordination of hired labour to the owners of capital. This inquiry assesses the extent of proletarianization of professional employees on the basis of a distinctive series of national surveys of the general labour force in Canada between 1982 and 2016. Non-managerial professional employees are distinguished from professionals in other class positions (i.e. professional employers, self-employed professionals, and professional managers) with whom they have been conflated in much of the prior research. The findings suggest increasing proletarianization of professional employees during this period in terms of declining job autonomy and decreasing participation in organizational decision-making, as well as increasing underemployment and more critical political attitudes. But there is also evidence of increasing qualifications and development of "general intellect" among more traditional working-class employees, as well as even more extensive underemployment. Implications of convergence between the proletarianization of professional employees, as a "new working class," and the qualifications and perceived working conditions of other non-managerial hired labour in emergent "knowledge economies" are discussed. More careful distinctions between non-managerial professional employees and professionals in other class positions in future studies are recommended.

More Dangerous Than Many a Pamphlet or Propaganda Book: The Ukrainian Canadian Left, Theatre, and Propaganda in the 1920s - Luciuk, Kassandra (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
For Ukrainian Canadian leftists, the 1920s represented a golden age of domestic cultural production. The strict hierarchy that constituted the communist movement in the 1930s was not yet extant, and the realm of possibilities was limited only by the imagination of the organization itself. The material produced in this period was neither crass agitprop nor cheap melodrama. Rather, it was bottom-up expressions of proletarian high culture and organic reflections of the social, economic, and political realities that constituted the experiences of Ukrainian progressives in Canada. As such, in the 1920s, the theatre served as the movement's most effective vehicle for political propaganda and ethnocultural instruction.

In Defence of Home Places: Environmental Activism in Nova Scotia - MacDowell, Laurel Sefton (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "In Defence of Home Places: Environmental Activism in Nova Scotia," by Mark R. Leeming.
Keywords: Activists; Books; Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations; Environmental protection; Environmentalism; Environmentalists; Grass roots movement; History--History of North And South America; Nuclear power plants; Political activism; Politicians; Uranium

Teacher Unions in the Public Sphere: Strategies Intended to Influence Public Opinion - Maharaj, Sachin (University of Toronto, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 2019)
This study explores how teacher unions in British Columbia and Ontario attempted to influence public opinion during periods of labour conflict between 2001 and 2016. A comparative case analysis was conducted based on eight interviews with members of the British Columbia Teachers Federation, six interviews with members of the Elementary Teachers’ Federation of Ontario, as well as documents from each union. In addition, newspaper items published in each province during the conflict period were collected. The unions’ efforts were analyzed through the framework of Habermas’ concepts of the public sphere and validity claims. Findings indicate that both unions had active public relations strategies designed to influence media coverage and discourse in the public sphere. However, most of their efforts were focused on influencing the public sphere indirectly, by using tactics that are not traditionally considered part of public relations strategies. While the unions’ efforts were similar in nature, the impact that these efforts had on influencing public opinion and producing policy change varied substantially. I argue that a combination of historical and political differences, mediated through a validity claims framework, helps explain this variation.

Job Insecurity and Abusive Supervision - Mao, Hsiao-Yen; Chien, Yuan-Yu; Hsieh, An-Tien (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Because of increased market uncertainty, employers today often do not guarantee job security and employees increasingly perceive such a state, often with trepidation. Employees who have relatively insecure jobs tend to feel mistreated by their managers. This study examines the relationship between the work places where jobs are mostly insecure and employee perception of abusive supervision, and the moderating role of a relational mechanism of perceived social worth at work. The conservation of resources (COR) perspective is used to guide analysis. This perspective provides competing rationales for employee acquisition/preservation of resources and ensuing abusive supervision. In a two-wave panel survey, 271 full-time employees with various occupations completed two questionnaires. Results indicate that job insecurity is positively associated with abusive supervision. This association is stronger for employees who perceive higher social worth at work. There is limited research investigating how managerial/leadership effectiveness varies in workplaces where job’s are insecure. Moreover, a relational mechanism of social worth has rarely been used to examine the phenomenon of job insecurity. Although literature shows employees’ perception of job insecurity leads them to increase work input/effort to make themselves more valuable and worthy of remaining in the organization, this does not mean that they will be more likely to notions such as management prerogative on their employer’s authority. Ironically, leadership, in particular, tends to be undermined when jobs are insecure as our findings show that insecure subordinates tend to perceive themselves experiencing supervisory abuse. To address this malaise, practical implications for organizations, supervisors, and subordinates are proposed and complementary practices are discussed to differentiate high social-worth employees from others.
Keywords: abusive supervision; conservación de recursos; conservation des ressources; conservation of resources; inestabilidad laboral; insécurité d’emploi; job insecurity; perceived social worth; supervision abusive; supervisión abusiva; valeur sociale perçue; valor social percibido

Enforcing Exclusion: Precarious Migrants and the Law in Canada - Marsden, Sarah Grace (Law and society series (Vancouver, B.C.), 2019)
In Canada’s liberal dream, the law extends its benefits to everyone. But the law also determines who is included in that “everyone.” Migrant workers, long welcomed in Canada for their labour, are often excluded from both workplace protections and basic social benefits such as health care, income assistance, and education due to their lack of permanent status. Enforcing Exclusion recasts what migration status means to both the state and to non-citizens. Through interviews with migrants and their advocates, Sarah Marsden shows that migrants face enforcement through law, policy, and practice, affecting their ability to address adverse working conditions and their interactions with institutions such as hospitals, schools, and employment standards boards. Canadian immigration laws create a status hierarchy; those at the bottom experience markedly different access to the protections and benefits of law. This book documents the impact of Canada’s system of migration enforcement on people’s lives and questions the adequacy of human-rights-based responses in addressing its exclusionary effects. -- Publisher's description. Contents: Introduction -- The Creation and Growth of Precarious Migration in Canada: “Illegal” Migration and the Liberal State -- Status, Deportability, and Illegality in Daily Life -- Working Conditions and Barriers to Substantive Remedies -- Exclusion from the Social State: Health, Education, and Income Security -- Multi-Sited Enforcement: Maintaining Subordinate Membership -- Rights and Membership: Toward Inclusion? -- Postscript -- Appendix A: Migrant Participant Profiles -- Appendix B: Sample Interview Script.

Retail Worker Politics, Race and Consumption in South Africa: Shelved in the Service Economy - Matulewicz, Kaitlyn (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Retail Worker Politics, Race and Consumption in South Africa: Shelved in the Service Economy," by Bridget Kenny.

The Struggle to Decommodify the Service Sector: The Canadian Auto Workers and the Casino Industry - Mazar, Alissa (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Research objective: Through relatively higher unionization rates within the casino industry, casino employment provides a counterexample to the connection between low-skill service work and low wages. The existing literature, however, suggests that casino workers embrace a commodified vision of their labour. It is of interest to understand whether and how unions are successful in decommodifying both ideologically and materially, wage entitlements in this expanding industry as this is a main mechanism through which unions challenge income inequality. This article examines the Canadian Auto Workers’ (CAW) attempt to decommodify wages in the casino industry. Methodology: These findings are based on a case study of Casino Windsor, located in Windsor, Ontario—the automotive capital of Canada and the first city to host a resort casino outside of Atlantic City and Las Vegas. Ninety-one interviews were conducted with Windsor stakeholders (20), and automotive (43) and casino (28) workers. The local newspaper from 1994-2014 is also examined and descriptive statistics are utilized. Results: Casino workers initially did adopt a decommodified vision of wage entitlements; yet, due to political—the New Democratic Party of Ontario—and institutional—low sectoral union density—forces, casino workers during 2014-2015 interviews embrace a service mind where wages are determined by a market-oriented human capital model. Conclusions: CAW union representatives and the casino membership now view the CAW’s attempt to bring an industrial mindset into the casino as a mistake, naturalizing the link between decommodified wages in automotive manufacturing and the market-oriented wage entitlements of the service sector. This case study marks a critical lost opportunity by the CAW to decommodify wage entitlements in the casino industry and the broader service sector.
Keywords: casino; empleos; emploi; employment; labour union; salaire; salario; secteur des services; sector de servicios; service sector; sindicato; syndicat; wage

Labor and the Class Idea in the United States and Canada - McBride, Stephen (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Labor and the Class Idea in the United States and Canada," by Barry Eidlin.
Keywords: Books; Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations; Collective bargaining; History--History of North And South America; Labor force; Political parties; Sociology; Working class

Papergirl - McCracken, Melinda; Jackson, Penelope (Roseway Publishing, an imprint of Fernwood Publishing, 2019)
Ten-year-old Cassie lives with her working-class family in 1919 Winnipeg. The Great War and Spanish Influenza have taken their toll, and workers in the city are frustrated with low wages and long hours. When they orchestrate a general strike, Cassie--bright, determined and very bored at school--desperately wants to help. She begins volunteering for the strike committee as a papergirl, distributing the strike bulletin at Portage and Main, and from her corner, she sees the strike take shape. Threatened and taunted by upper-class kids, and getting hungrier by the day, Cassie soon realizes that the strike isn't just a lark--it's a risky and brave movement. With her impoverished best friend, Mary, volunteering in the nearby Labour Café, and Cassie's police officer brother in the strike committee's inner circle, Cassie becomes increasingly furious about the conditions that led workers to strike. When an enormous but peaceful demonstration turns into a violent assault on Bloody Saturday, Cassie is changed forever. Lively and engaging, this novel is a celebration of solidarity, justice and one brave papergirl. -- Publisher's description
Keywords: 1919; Children's stories; Fiction; General Strike, Winnipeg, Man., 1919 Juvenile fiction; Grève générale, Winnipeg, Man., 1919 Romans, nouvelles, etc. pour la jeunesse; Historical fiction; Juvenile works; Manitoba Winnipeg; Papergirls; Papergirls Manitoba Winnipeg Juvenile fiction

The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics - McInnis, Peter S. (Peter Stuart) (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics," by Jefferson Cowie.
Keywords: Aliens; American history; Books; Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations; Capitalism; Community support; Great Depression; History--History of North And South America; Manypeople; New Deal; Political parties; Presidents; Reforms; Working class

The Labour Feminism Takes: Tracing Intersectional Politics in 1980s Canadian Feminist Periodicals - McKenna, Emma (McMaster University, 2019)
This dissertation turns to recent feminist history of the 1980s to consider feminism’s relationship to class, economics, and labour. Challenging the idea that feminism is an inclusive project, I look at how feminist ideology produces commonsense forms of racism, classism, and sexual normativity. To demonstrate this argument, I evaluate two important moments in 1980s Canadian feminism: the development of feminist political economy and the debates of the feminist sex wars. In tracing the ways in which these histories unfold to value some feminist subjects more than others, I show how feminist narratives appear cohesive through quotidian practices of exclusion. I claim that the resistance of marginalized subjects is integral to these narratives, particularly when this resistance has been made to appear invisible or absent. I first turn to feminist political economy to show how a white feminist discourse about gendered domestic labour emerged while simultaneously omitting analyses of the experiences of women of colour and migrant domestic labourers. This white feminist discourse is imbued with commonsense racism, and imagines migrant domestic workers as located elsewhere to feminism. Subsequently, I examine how the feminist sex wars pursued a line of inquiry into sexuality that privileged a framework of danger. Feminist theorizing of violence against women as intrinsic to prostitution and pornography had dire consequences for understanding sex work and the diverse women employed in the industry. In promoting a white, middle-class perspective on sexuality, feminists appropriated sex workers’ experiences of violence and sought state support for abolishing commercial sexuality, in turn contributing to the heightened state surveillance of sexual minorities. In looking to and for marginalized women’s experiences within an archive of women’s publishing, this project insists on the integral place of sex workers and migrant domestic workers within Canadian feminist labour histories.

Precarious Work, "Harmonizing down" and Economic Anxiety: Implications for Citizenship and Society - McKnight, Zoe Amanda (Carleton University, 2019)
This paper examines precarious work, its historical origins and certain social consequences. I use the 2015 Canadian Election Study to analyze the relationship between work-related insecurity and economic anxiety with voting, non-voting political behaviour and attitudes toward equity-seeking groups. I propose a theory of "harmonizing down", in which workers who were once able to access the benefits and status of the standard employment relationship have generally seen their opportunities for stable and secure work decline. This has resulted in economic anxiety for most workers. Results were mixed, suggesting that broad generalizations around economic anxiety are problematic. Insecurity and anxiety may reduce the likelihood of voting but may increase non-voting participation. Some aspects of insecurity and anxiety were related to negative attitudes toward equity-seeking groups, but the relationship is not clear. Gender and political party identity influence these attitudes.

Dix concepts pour penser le nouveau monde du travail - Mercure, Daniel; Vultur, Mircea (Collection Sociologie contemporaine, 2019)
Au cours des dernières décennies, de nombreux changements économiques, politiques et culturels ont bouleversé la nature du travail, la manière de l’organiser ainsi que la relation d’emploi. Ces transformations nécessitent de revoir, de critiquer et d’actualiser les principaux concepts à partir desquels la sociologie analyse le monde du travail. Dans cet ouvrage, les concepts revisités sont les suivants : salariat, précarité, informalité, conflit, contrôle et organisation du travail, qualification et compétence, rapport au travail, parcours professionnel, insertion professionnelle, temporalités. Chacun des concepts retenus est analysé selon une perspective critique, qui consiste à remettre en question les assises théoriques et empiriques de ceux-ci, et une perspective analytique, qui vise à arrimer ces concepts fondamentaux aux nouvelles réalités du monde du travail. --Publisher's description
Keywords: COMPETENCE; CONFLIT; CONTROLE; INFORMALITE; Industrial sociology; Methods engineering; ORGANISATION; Organisation du travail; PRECARITE; PROFESSIONNELLE; SALARIAT; Sociologie du travail; Sociologie industrielle; TRAVAIL; Work Simplification; Work environment

Walmart: Diary of an Associate - Meunier, Hugo (Fernwood, 2019)
In 2012, journalist Hugo Meunier went undercover as a Walmart employee for three months in St. Leonard, Quebec, just north of Montreal. In great detail, Meunier charts the daily life of an impoverished Walmart worker, referring to his shifts at the box store giant as “somewhere between the army and Walt Disney.” Each shift began with a daily chant before bowing to customer demands and the constant pressure to sell. Meanwhile Meunier and his fellow workers could not afford to shop anywhere else but Walmart, further indenturing them to the multi-billion-dollar corporation. Beyond his time on the shop floor, Meunier documents the extraordinary efforts that Walmart exerts to block unionization campaigns, including their 2005 decision to close their outlet in Jonquiere, QC, where the United Food and Commercial Workers union had successfully gained certification rights. A decade later he charts the Supreme Court of Canada ruling that exposed the dubious legal ground on which Walmart stood in invoking closure and throwing workers out on the street. In Walmart: Diary of an Associate, Meunier reveals the truths behind Walmart’s low prices. It will make you think twice before shopping there. --Publisher's description

Disruption in Detroit: Autoworkers and the Elusive Postwar Boom - Milloy, Jeremy (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Disruption in Detroit: Autoworkers and the Elusive Postwar Boom," by Daniel J. Clark.

The Geography of Skill: Mobility and Exclusionary Unionism in Canada’s North - Mills, Suzanne (Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2019)
This paper explores the spatial politics of racism and inter-worker competition through a case study of Indigenous employment during the construction of the Voisey’s Bay mine in northern Labrador. Over the course of construction, the building and construction trades unions (BCTUs) sought to restrict the hiring of local Inuit and Innu workers by challenging the legitimacy of place-based entitlements to work. Inuit and Innu workers had preferential access to employment as a result of unresolved land claims and the ensuing Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBA) between the Voisey’s Bay Nickel Company and both the Innu Nation and the Labrador Inuit Association. IBA provisions that local Inuit and Innu be hired preferentially ran counter to the unions’ organizational structures and cultures, which privileged worker mobility and skill. The BCTUs used the geographic incompatibility between the scale of Indigenous claims and that of construction worker organization to justify a competitive approach to unionism and to veil racist portrayals of Innu and Inuit workers. By drawing out the relation between skill, racism and beliefs about entitlements to work, this paper explores how workers selectively use place-based and mobile identities to participate in inter-worker competition, reifying colonial patterns of labour mobility and labour market segmentation.

One Hundred Years of Struggle: The History of Women and the Vote in Canada - Mitchell, Stephanie (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "One Hundred Years of Struggle: The History of Women and the Vote in Canada," by Joan Sangster.
Keywords: Activism; Activists; Books; Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations; Feminism; Gender; History--History of North And South America; Narratives; Religion; Society; Womens history; Womens suffrage

Marxism and Criminology: A History of Criminal Selectivity - Mitrani, Sam (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Marxism and Criminology: A History of Criminal Selectivity," by Valeria Vegh Weis.

Books and Broomsticks: Prairie Indigenous Female Domestic Workers and the Canadian Outing System, 1888-1901 - Nason, Sarah Faye (University of Calgary, 2019)
This thesis discusses the Canadian outing system, a direct feature of industrial schools in the prairie west prominent in the late nineteenth century. Seen as an extension of the school’s vocational training, the outing system became an outlet with which the Canadian federal government’s Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) could integrate into the lower ranks of Euro-Canadian society young Indigenous girls in a hierarchical system of labour. By examining the roles and education of Indigenous female youth in the industrial school system in the Canadian prairies, this study illuminates how, in the name of assimilation, the DIA implemented the outing system. This thesis highlights how young Indigenous women were compelled to work in homes that exemplified settler values, taking on strenuous labour in environments where attitudes of race and class dimensions were prominent. By drawing from 1901 census data and looking at the settler homes, farms, and establishments in which they worked, this thesis provides an important glimpse into the early history of domestic work for Indigenous women and girls in western Canada and offers insights into the very nature of settler colonialism in early Canadian national history.

The Speech Bill Pritchard Never Gave - Naylor, James; Mitchell, Tom (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Introduction and text of a speech that was to be given in 1970 at the University of Winnipeg by socialist politician and publicist William "Bill" Pritchard (1888-1981), who was a leading defendant at the sedition trial held in the aftermath of the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919.

Endangered Resources: The Role of Organizational Justice and Interpersonal Trust as Signals for Workplace Corruption - Neveu, Jean-Pierre; Kakavand, Benjamin (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
This study examines workplace corruption from the perspective of individual psychological processes. Existing literature has shown how corrupt behaviours can emerge from various kinds of motivations, including manipulation, retaliation, and conformity. This research suggests yet another path, where corruption stems from a motivation to preserve resources that individuals perceive to be threatened by their professional environment. As such, the study is grounded in conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001). We put forward an original model that introduces the notion of resource signals. An enrichment of original COR theory, resource signals correspond to individuals’ perceptions that the work environment is supportive, or, otherwise, of their need for resource development and preservation. Specifically, the study tests a moderated mediation model where a sense of mastery, a personal resource, moderates the impact of resource signals, including distributive justice, procedural justice, and interpersonal trust, on occupational corruption. Results are drawn from a sample of French public sector employees (n = 575). They validate the hypothesized mediating role of trust between both facets of organizational justice and measures of corruption, including bribery and property deviance. An indirect negative effect, however, is strongest between procedural justice and workplace corruption. As hypothesized, a sense of mastery significantly moderates the link between trust and both corruption types. This research contributes to both theory and practice. By integrating resource signals within a COR framework, it shows that corrupt behaviours are to be gauged against interacting motivations for preserving psychological resources. Consequently, this study also suggests that organizations should go beyond ethics and procedures, and to consider workplace corruption as a potential symptom of organizational signals perceived as threats to individuals’ valued resources.
Keywords: comportamiento en el trabajo; comportement au travail; confiance interpersonnelle; confianza interpersonal; conservation of resources theory; interpersonal trust; justice organisationnelle; justicia organizacional; organizational justice; sensación de control; sense of mastery; sentiment de maîtrise; teoría de la conservación de recursos; théorie de la conservation des ressources; workplace behaviour

Arkansas's Gilded Age: The Rise, Decline, and Legacy of Populism and Working-Class Protest - Newkirk, Anthony (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Arkansas's Gilded Age: The Rise, Decline, and Legacy of Populism and Working-Class Protest," by Matthew Hild.
Keywords: 19th century; Activists; American history; Books; Business And Economics--Labor And Industrial Relations; Conventions; Governors; History--History of North And South America; Local elections; Political parties; State elections; Strikes; Third party; Working class

Working Women in Canada: An Intersectional Approach - Nichols, Leslie; Forrest, Anne; Lippel, Katherine; Premji, Stephanie; Tyyskä, Vappu; Aggarwal, Pramila; Ignagni, Esther; Prentice, Susan; Acker, Sandra; Muzzin, Linda; Knight, Melanie; Gabay, Danielle; et al. (Canadian Scholars/Women's Press, 2019)
In this edited collection, Leslie Nichols weaves together the contributions of accomplished and diverse scholars to offer an expansive and critical analysis of women’s work in Canada. Students will use an intersectional approach to explore issues of gender, class, race, immigrant status, disability, sexual orientation, Indigeneity, age, and ethnicity in relation to employment. Drawing from case studies and extensive research, the text’s eighteen chapters consider Canadian industries across a broad spectrum, including political, academic, sport, sex trade, retail, and entrepreneurial work. Working Women in Canada is a relevant and in-depth look into the past, present, and future of women’s responsibilities and professions in Canada. Undergraduate and graduate students in gender studies, labour studies, and sociology courses will benefit from this thorough and intersectional approach to the study of women’s labour. Features include tables, case studies, a glossary of key terms, and chapter introductions and conclusions to assist with student comprehension encourages further learning by concluding each chapter with discussion questions, a list of additional key readings, and an extensive reference list provides a broad portrait of women’s work in Canada with contributions from over 20 scholars. --Publisher's description

Transnational Radicalism and the Connected Lives of Tom Mann and Robert Samuel Ross - Nolan, Melanie (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Transnational Radicalism and the Connected Lives of Tom Mann and Robert Samuel Ross," by Neville Kirk.

"Maybe We Shouldn't Laugh So Loud": The Hostility and Welcome Experienced by Foreign Nurses on Temporary Work Permits in Nova Scotia, Canada - Nourpanah, Shiva (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
My research explores the labour conditions experienced by foreign nurses employed in health care in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, on temporary permits. I draw on ethnographic interviews to understand the nuanced ways in which foreign nurses feel welcomed in their local communities and work-places, yet simultaneously remain subject to hostile racialized scrutiny. Nova Scotia is one of the least ethnically diverse provinces in Canada and one of the most economically impoverished. It faces a shortage of healthcare workers, exacerbated by the ongoing restructuring of the healthcare sector. These contextual factors contribute to the complicated push-pull matrix discussed by the temporary foreign nurses, who feel needed, but not wanted. This matrix cannot be dismissed as simply the racism and "backwardness" of local communities. Rather, it must be understood through a political economy focus on temporary foreign workers, restructured health care, and the normalization of a precarious labour landscape in which racialized foreign and local workers are pitted against each other.

Workers’ Knowledge and Views on Interaction with Health and Safety Representatives: An Exploratory Qualitative Study - Ollé-Espluga, Laia; Vergara-Duarte, Montse; Menéndez-Fuster, María; Benach, Joan; Vázquez, María-Luisa (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The action of health and safety representatives (HSRs) has proven beneficial for workers’ occupational health, but a number of determining factors can diminish HSRs’ effectiveness. One understudied factor shaping HSRs’ effectiveness is the interaction that exists between workers and HSRs, that is, the relationship that workers and their representatives establish with each other throughout a wide range of processes. In this paper, we explore the workers’ knowledge and opinions of their interaction with HSRs and its determinants. We undertook a qualitative exploratory and descriptive-interpretative study by means of 22 semi-structured interviews with a theoretical sample of workers from Barcelona and Girona (Spain). Results show a vast unawareness of HSRs’ existence and functions among workers; only the few workers who know the HSRs personally describe interaction processes with them, mainly concerning hazard identification. Some of the workers mentioned processes of interaction with unions regarding health and safety at work. These processes consist mainly in raising issues with union representatives and, in a more limited way, in associating with occupational health mobilizations and participating in decision-making processes. Determining factors of the interaction between workers and -health and safety or union- representatives emerge strongly in relation to representatives and workers and, in a more diluted way, with regard to the context or the firm. The study contributes to the research concerning the building of relations of representativeness as a way to better understand (and represent) workers’ needs and provides strategic insight for collective representation bodies to regain their legitimacy.
Keywords: Espagne; España; Spain; interacción; interaction; occupational health; participación de los trabajadores; participation des travailleurs; salud laboral; santé et sécurité au travail; worker participation

The Customer is Always Right: Violence Against LGBTQ2S+ Service Workers in Windsor and Sudbury, Ontario - Owens, Benjamin (McMaster University, 2019)
Previous research has indicated the prevalence of customer violence towards workers in the service sector, but few studies have looked at the impacts of this violence for LGBTQ2S+ workers. Drawing from survey results (n=208) and interviews (n=11) with LGBTQ2S+ service sector workers in Windsor and Sudbury, Ontario, this thesis explores the rates and experiences of customer violence for these workers, using chi-square analyses to identify relationships between customer violence and independent variables related to workers’ identity and workplace. Further analysis was conducted on qualitative interview data to understand how this violence was experienced, as well as how workers resisted and perceived management’s response. Customer violence was found to be widespread among survey and interview participants, with participants who were racialized as non-white, union members, and in precarious work situations reporting higher levels of violence. Interviews also showed how participants often resisted customer violence through individual means, and perceived support from management to be lacking and contingent upon economic motivations.

Analyse juridique de la liberté de religion dans les entreprises françaises : entre protection du pouvoir de l’employeur et défense de la volonté du salarié - Pailot, Philippe; de Saint-Affrique, Diane (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Dans un monde globalisé marqué par le multiculturalisme et le pluralisme confessionnel, la place du religieux cristallise les débats médiatiques, politiques, intellectuels et juridiques dans beaucoup de pays occidentaux. Sur fond de difficultés d’intégration professionnelle de personnes de confession musulmane et de discriminations religieuses au travail, la question du fait religieux s’est invitée dans les entreprises où les manifestations des convictions religieuses se sont diversifiées et complexifiées. L’analyse de ce phénomène social se caractérise par une diversité d’approches et d’angles de vue. Elle illustre tout à la fois la richesse, mais aussi la complexité des enjeux soulevés par les études du lien entre religion et management.
Keywords: entrepreneurial freedom; fait religieux; freedom of religion; hecho religioso; libertad de religión; libertas de empresa; liberté de religion; liberté d’entreprendre; principe de neutralité; principio de neutralidad; principle of neutrality; religion

How Can We Write Better Histories of Communism? - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
At the current conjuncture, histories of Canadian Communism seem analytically stalled in a fruitless (if inadequately addressed) historiographic impasse, ordered by oppositions: Moscow domination vs. local autonomy; authoritarianism vs. the pursuit of social justice. We need to confront these experiences, not as dichotomies, but as related phenomena, developing our histories of Communism around more totalizing appreciations that encompass both sides of a seemingly divided logic of classification. Having myself tried to see beyond the limiting oppositions of the extant historiography, I will explore how certain historians seem unwilling to look past the conveniently counter-posed analyses of two existing schools of thought, labelled traditionalists/revisionists in the United States and essentialists/realists in the United Kingdom. As distortions of my own writing suggest, we have reached a point where it is both appropriate and necessary to be more rigorous and fair-minded in our characterization of the historiography. --Introduction

The New New Poor Law: A Chapter in the Current Class War Waged from Above - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
This essay is an attempt to outline recent trends in the criminalization of working-class lives. It casts the net broadly, both historically and geographically, situating capitalist austerity's recent turn to mass incarceration in the United States and Canada in early 19th-century poor law sensibilities. What is happening now differs from the workhouse regime of industrial capitalism's new poor law, of course, but it has undoubted connections to this older regime of regulation. The new new poor law of our times is part of a long history of how dispossession has been pivotal to capitalism's project of uninhibited accumulation and suppression of those driven to defiance and dissent. It reveals how, as profit declines in the productive sphere, incarceration itself can be made to pay. The new new poor law is fundamental to contemporary capitalist political economy as the politics of austerity, the dismantling of the welfare state, and an assault on working-class entitlements and trade unionism are complemented by the rise of a prison-industrial complex. Driven by class antagonisms and racialized scapegoating, the new new poor law inevitably draws into its sphere of influence public-sector workers employed in the criminal justice system. It also unleashes intensified grievances of the incarcerated, stimulating the birth of movements of protest in which prisoners and proletarians search out ways of making common cause.

Waiting for the Revolution: The British Far Left from 1956 - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Waiting for the Revolution: The British Far Left from 1956," edited by Evan Smith and Matthew Worley.

1919: Lessons and legacy - Palmer, Bryan D.; Carleton, Sean; Smith, Julia; Toews, Owen; Graphic History Collective; Lester, David; Leedham, Emily (Canadian Dimension, 2019)
Provides an illustrated overview of the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 and its significance today for working-class organizations and socialism. Contents: Introduction: Revisiting the workers' revolt in Winnipeg / Sean Carleton and Julia Smith (p. 23) -- 1919: Recovering a a legacy / Bryan D. Palmer (pp. 24 - 31, 40) [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/1919-recovering-a-legacy] -- 1919: A graphic history of the Winnipeg General Strike [reproduction of the cover and illustrations from the book by the Graphic History Collective and David Lester] (pp. 32, 36-37) --  Red flags: Reflections on racism and radicalism / Owen Yoews (pp. 33-35, 40) [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/red-flags-reflections-on-racism-and-radicalism] -- From 1919 to the fight for $15: Working-class organizing in Winnipeg today / Emily Leedham (pp. 38-30) [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/from-1919-to-the-fight-for-15-working-class-organizing-in-winnipeg-today].

In Defense of Making Things: Why Manufacturing Still Matters - Pelagidis, Theodore; Mitsopoulos, Michael (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
A relatively recent International Monetary Fund (IMF) publication is not the only voice that suggests the possibility of achieving prosperity and growth in the modern age without the need to have a strong manufacturing base. Like agriculture before the industrial revolution, “making things” appears to take the back seat as services, and in particular knowledge intensive services that determine “how to make things”, take over as growth drivers. Of course, the trends of progress are irreversible, and “making things” will constitute a shrinking part of employment and, possible value created. The latter will most likely be even truer if one cannot separate perfectly the value of incorporated services, as the knowledge content of the “things made” and the incorporated services build their own complex interactions and grow exponentially. However, as we argue here, there will always be a need to make things (including the occasional spacesuit taking a drive in its interstellar Tesla car). Even as the relationship between physical manufacturing, knowledge and services becomes more blurred, manufacturing will remain an indispensable ingredient of the final product. As pointed out in the literature, the role of manufacturing is and will never be the same for developing and developed countries, performing different roles in both. For developing countries, it will still contribute towards the rapid development of key skills that will complete the skills set of the country, and for developed countries, it will have a mature and symbiotic relationship with services, ensuring the proximity of the know-how and the production of goods that incorporate it, seamless cooperation, and design and service development at the frontier. --Introduction

"No Somos Maquinas" (We Aren't Machines): Emotional Dimensions of Precarious Labour in the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program - Pennell, Elena (Simon Fraser University, 2019)
This study concerns the social and emotional dimensions of Mexican migrant workers’ temporary labour migration experience as they relate to precarity and unfreedom within the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). My principle inquiry centers around understanding migrant workers’ subjective and emotional experiences of being away from home and family. This study makes the case that migration and family separation, as requirements of SAWP employment, are precarious labour conditions that result overwhelmingly in distressing emotional experiences that go unseen in workers’ daily lives. I draw on a deeply qualitative methodological approach and theories of precarity, emotion and practice to explore the ways that SAWP workers navigate their labour migration experience through a series of practices in their daily lives. I conclude by sharing my participants’ recommendations for a more dignified and humanized labour experience and with their insistence that they are not maquinas (machines).

Introduction to Workplace Safety and Health Management - Pérusse, Michel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Introduction to Workplace Safety and Health Management," by Goh Yang Miang.

Le travail gestionnaire comme psychopolitique au service de la transformation sociale du Québec : une étude du journal Les Affaires, 1928–1933 - Pezet, Anne (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Cet article porte sur un type de travail trop peu étudié : le travail gestionnaire. À la suite de Braverman, nous considérons qu'il s'agit là d'un travail à part entière. Ses caractéristiques sont cependant différentes de celles du travail ouvrier. Si ce dernier relève de la biopolitique par le travail qu'il produit sur les corps, le travail gestionnaire relève d'une psychopolitique destinée à forger un nouvel individu défini par des habiletés, techniques, cognitives et surtout psychologiques. Assumant une position éducative, le journal Les Affaires publié au Québec à partir de 1928 entreprend, entre autres projets, de définir le travail gestionnaire et de produire ainsi un discours qui permet de légitimer la transformation capitaliste.

Organiser la reconnaissance des chercheurs dans les organisations et au-delà de leurs frontières - Picque-Kiraly, Claire; Ottmann, Jean-Yves (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Les organisations sont confrontées de manière croissante aux enjeux de reconnaissance au travail comme l’actualité française récente a pu le montrer. Les salariés s’attendent à être reconnus dans le cadre de leur activité professionnelle et les chercheurs, archétypes des professionnels du savoir, ne font pas exception. Étudier la reconnaissance des chercheurs semble d’autant plus nécessaire que de plus en plus de personnes s’engagent dans l’économie de la connaissance en général et que le métier de chercheur en particulier connait des évolutions qui tendent à modifier leur rapport au travail. Par ailleurs, le concept de reconnaissance au travail, pourtant facteur de motivation important, reste insuffisamment étudié ce qui limite la compréhension de ses enjeux et les réponses possibles aux attentes des salariés.
Keywords: chercheur; investigación y desarrollo; investigador; knowledge worker; profesional del saber; professionnel du savoir; real work; recherche et développement; recognition at work; reconnaissance au travail; reconocimiento del trabajo; research and development; researcher; trabajo real; travail réel

"The Power of Knowledge, Objectified": Immaterial Labor, Cognitive Capitalism, and Academic Librarianship - Popowich, Sam (Library Trends, 2019)
This article analyzes current trends in academic librarianship from the perspective of Italian autonomist Marxism. With the rise of new technologies and the advent of a period variously called the "Fourth Industrial Revolution," "Industry 4.0," and "The Second Machine Age," academic librarianship is undergoing various changes in work-flow, technology, and service provision. The body of thought that developed out of the Italian Marxist tradition provides ways of thinking through and understanding these changes by placing them within a larger dynamic of capitalist development and the restructuring of labor processes. After looking at changes to academic librarianship from the perspective of immaterial labor and cognitive capitalism, the paper offers ways that academic librarianship can think about the possibility of resistance to these changes.

Gaming on the Edge: Mobile Labour and Global Talent in Atlantic Canada's Video Game Industry - Pottie-Sherman, Yolande; Lynch, Nicholas (The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 2019)
Diminishing returns and advances in telecommunications have prompted large video game firms to seek new locations, outsource production, and develop niche studios, including on Canada's East Coast. In this paper, we examine emerging occupational cultures and trace the origins and evolution of video game production in Canada's Atlantic provinces—a critical yet peripheral space economy in the gaming sector. Our findings are drawn from 30 interviews with gameworkers, studio managers, government officials, and other industry experts. We find this industry to be driven by the confluence of three major factors: (i) provincial governments have supported video game development as a strategic industry via financial incentives; (ii) firms are benefiting from a return migration effect and are repatriating Atlantic Canadian talent from media hubs by selling “home,” work‐life balance, and an alternative to the punishing gamework culture associated with Silicon Valley; and (iii) post‐secondary institutions in the region have improved their talent pipelines through computer science, digital media, and video game development programs.

Re-Inscribing Gender Relations Through Employment-Related Geographical Mobility: The Case of Newfoundland Youth in Resource Extraction - Power, Nicole; Norman, Moss (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2019)
Despite the popular representation of the masculine hero migrant (Ni Laoire, 2001), rural youth scholars have found that young men are more likely to stay on in their communities, while young women tend to be more mobile, leaving for education and better employment opportunities elsewhere (Corbett, 2007b; Lowe, 2015). Taking a spatialized approach (Farrugia, Smyth & Harrison, 2014), we contribute to and extend the rural youth studies scholarship on gender, mobilities and place by considering the case of young Newfoundlanders’ geographical mobilities in relation to male-dominated resource extraction industries. We draw on findings from two SSHRC-funded research projects, the Rural Youth and Recovery project, a subcomponent of the Community-University Research for Recovery Alliance (CURRA) and the Youth, Apprenticeship and Mobility project, a subcomponent of the On the Move Partnershi We argue that the spatial coding of gender relations in rural Newfoundland makes certain kinds of mobilities more intelligible and possible for young men, while constraining women’s. In other words, gender relations of rural places are “stretched out” (Farrugia et al., 2014) across space through the mobility practices of young men and women in relation to work in skilled trades and resource extraction industries. These “stretched out” gender relations are reproduced by the organisation of a sector that relies on a mobile workforce free from care and domestic work and familiar with manual work.
Keywords: Mobile Workforce

Organizing Filipina Domestic Workers in Vancouver, Canada: Gendered Geographies and Community Mobilization - Pratt, Geraldine (Gendering Struggles Against Informal and Precarious Work, 2019)
We contextualize contemporary domestic worker organizing in Vancouver within a history of domestic worker organizing in Canada and then build the argument that their organizing has been structured by the gendered geographies of: international migration; the location of the work in the private home; and the prevalence of stepwise migration of Filipina domestic workers to Canada. These gendered geographies have led to a distinctive mode of organizing: in the community around a wide range of issues that enfold social reproduction into workplace issues to engage the entirety of individuals’ and families’ lives across the life course. Domestic workers’ organizing is grounded in the spatialities and materialities of their lives, and seemingly familiar gender scripts take on an active force in the domestic workers’ mobilization. Confronting the contradictions of organizing domestic workers and organizing to revalue domestic work points to the enduring undervaluation of feminized workers and their work, as well as the potential for intersectional solidarities along with the need for multisectoral strategies.
Keywords: Construction Industrie Personnel; Construction industry Employees; Discrimination sexuelle dans l'emploi; Employées de maison; Ouvrières de la construction; Rôle selon le sexe en milieu de travail; Sex discrimination in employment; Sex role in the work environment; Women Employment; Women construction workers; Women household employees; construction workers

Extreme Employment Precarity and Health Impacts among South Asians in Toronto - Premji, Stephanie; Begum, Momtaz; Jahangir, Sultana; Gnanayutham, Rachel; McKinnon, John (McMaster University, School of Labour Studies and Geography and Earth Sciences, 2019)
This report describes experiences of extreme employment precarity and impacts on health and well-being among South Asians in Toronto. In 2018, community advocates from the South Asian Women’s Rights Organizations (SAWRO), Injured Workers Community Legal Clinic (IWC), and researchers from McMaster University came together to develop a health and safety workshop for South Asian workers. The initiative grew from a need identified at the community level for more information and advocacy around health and safety in the South Asian community, and among South Asian women in particular. It was funded by a Multicultural Community Capacity Grant from the Government of Ontario. Advocates and researchers developed a 2-hour training workshop on precarious employment, employment rights and workers’ compensation. They trained 10 outreach workers from SAWRO on these topics, and the outreach workers went into their community to share the knowledge they gained and advertise the workshop. The workshop, held in February 2019, was attended by 53 men and women. In March 2019, researchers held two focus groups with a total of 20 South Asian men and women to discuss and document experiences of work and health. This report is ased on the stories shared with us during the training session for outreach workers, the workshop, and the focus groups. --From Introduction

Agir sur la santé au travail. Acteurs, dispositifs, outils et expertise autour des enjeux psychosociaux - Prud’homme, Daniel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Agir sur la santé au travail. Acteurs, dispositifs, outils et expertise autour des enjeux psychosociaux," edited by Arnaud Mias et Cyril Wolmark.

A Worker’s Economist: John R. Commons and his Legacy from Progressivism to the War on Poverty - Quinlan, Michael (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "A Worker’s Economist: John R. Commons and his Legacy from Progressivism to the War on Poverty," by John Dennis Chasse.

Reducing Inequalities in Europe: How Industrial Relations and Labour Policies Can Close the Gap - Quinlan, Michael (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Reducing Inequalities in Europe: How Industrial Relations and Labour Policies Can Close the Gap," edited by Daniel Vaughan-Whitehead.

Working with an Accent: The Aesthetic Labour of International Teaching Assistants in Ontario Universities - Ramjattan, Vijay Anil (University of Toronto, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 2019)
International teaching assistants (ITAs) in North American English-medium universities often work with an accent. In one sense, to work with an accent entails doing one’s work while having an aural stigma. This is due to the increased likelihood that students and other university stakeholders perceive ITAs’ foreign-accented English as difficult to understand. The purported problem of their foreign accents can thus create additional facets in working with an accent such as working with the idea of how to change an accent and performing (around) it in order to be viewed as effective workers. All of this work can be considered a type of aesthetic labour in that ITAs need to develop the right sound for their professional duties. Based on a narrative inquiry of the experiences of 14 ITAs working in various universities in Ontario, Canada, this thesis explores how they conceptualize and execute aesthetic labour. Specifically, it details their perceptions of a satisfactory aural aesthetic for work as well as the extent to which they incorporate this aesthetic in discussions about their professional practices. Regarding the first research objective, the ITAs understood a satisfactory accent in linguistic, racial, and professional terms. Indeed, an accent could sound “native” or “nonnative,” become “whitened” or remain racialized, and match or not match one’s work (environment). In terms of taking up these perceptions in their professional practices, which took the general form of working on or around an accent, the ITAs’ prior views on aural aesthetics were upheld and/or tempered by contextual factors in their universities. On the immediate level, the above findings provide suggestions for changes to existing forms of ITA training, which tend to ignore the knowledge of ITAs and fail to prepare them to effectively communicate according to the specificities of their work environments. More broadly, the findings are useful in highlighting how accents are not stable individual traits, but rather, malleable tools that help workers negotiate intercultural encounters in a range of professional settings. Therefore, this study counters research that frames the ITA accent as an inherent problem needing to be rectified for a homogeneous audience.

Winnipeg General Strike, 1919, Resource List - Renaud, Matthew (Manitoba Law Journal, 2019)

Helen Armstrong, Hello Girls and Hellions - Riccio, Giovanna (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Poem in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919, including labour and human rights activist Helen Armstrong (1875-1947) who played an instrumental role in support of the strike as head of the Women's Labour League.

Deportability, Labour and Health in Canada’s Late Capitalism - Rivas-Sánchez, Hector Eloy (Carleton University, 2019)
This dissertation explores the political economy of the physical and mental illnesses that the migrant workers experience while living and working under conditions of illegality in Canada's late capitalism. The dissertation is divided into three parts. The first part locates four social determinants of health underpinning the structural vulnerability to which the Latin American undocumented workers are subjected in this particular context. The second part describes the mental and physical health illnesses that the undocumented workers develop while living and working in Canada without authorization, according to the type of industry they work in (1.—Multinational Corporations, 2.—Medium-size local industries and 3.—Underground workers' cooperatives) and to the type of work they do. The empirical evidence illustrates that the undocumented immigrants who work for medium-size local enterprises, those who have been affected by deportability and deportation, as well as those who lost their legal status after being engaged in refugee claimant applications, are more likely to develop the most dramatic forms of physical and mental health diseases, all linked to what is called here "short- term historical trauma." In contrast, undocumented workers who work for underground workers' cooperatives are more likely to report better physical and mental health outcomes. Cooperative labour, free time and social solidarity make this possible. Overall, this thesis indicates that --as explored in part three-- under the social conditions organized by late capitalism, social solidarity and engagement in non-waged cooperative labour constitute social mechanisms by which undocumented migrants can access to forms of refuge, care, solidarity and social recognition that partially emancipate them from illnesses, suffering and social death. This thesis is based on an ethnographic work that I carried out over 24 months in Montreal. During that period of time, I worked side by side with Latin American undocumented workers in slaughterhouses and meatpacking factories, construction and home renovation companies, employment agencies, and as industrial cleaner for multinational corporations, spaces where I carried out direct empirical observation in the points of production and conducted 47 in-depth interviews on illegality, labor and health. I also conducted ethnographic work in hospitals and deportation centers.

When Things Don’t Fall Apart: Global Financial Governance and Developmental Finance in an Age of Productive Incoherence; Laid Low: Inside the Crisis that Overwhelmed Europe and the IMF - Roberts, Chris (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the books, "When Things Don’t Fall Apart: Global Financial Governance and Developmental Finance in an Age of Productive Incoherence," by Ilene Grabel, and "Laid Low: Inside the Crisis that Overwhelmed Europe and the IMF," By Paul Blustein.

Confronting Canadian Migration History - Ross, Daniel (Active History, 2019)
Confronting Canadian Migration History means two things. First, engaging with the history of population movements into, through, and from this territory, and their importance for our history as a multiethnic settler society. This has been one of the central projects of migration historians in Canada in recent decades. Second, to make and maintain a place for that historical knowledge in contemporary discussions of migration, and in doing so confront the present with the past. That latter goal is at the heart of this collection, which assembles in one volume fifteen texts published on ActiveHistory.ca over the last four years. --Publisher's description, Contents: Introduction / Daniel Ross. [Part] 1. Refugee migrations. Canada’s complicated history of refugee reception / Stephanie Bangarth -- Using old photographs to gain new perspectives on refugees, past and present / Sonya de Laat -- When to speak, when to act: Reflections on the recent MS St. Louis apology / Andrea Eidinger and Laura Madokoro -- Remembering the Prague Spring refugees / Jan Raska -- Little Bear’s Cree and Canada’s uncomfortable history of refugee creation / Benjamin Hoy. [Part] 2. Migration experiences and representations. Creating the Canadian mosaic / Ryan McKenney and Benjamin Bryce -- Conversations with Egyptian Uber drivers: Why emigrate? Why Canada? / Michael Akladios -- Old stock Canadians: Arab settlers in Western Canada / Sarah Carter -- Not so accidental: Farmworkers, car crashes, and capitalist agriculture / Edward Dunsworth -- Arab-Canadian foodscapes and authenticity / Michael Akladios. [Part] 3. Nativism and exclusion White Supremacy, political violence, and community, 1907 and 2017 / Laura Ishiguro and Laura Madokoro -- Immigration and White Supremacy: Past and present / David Atkinson -- Pork cuts: The sharp edges of nativism in Southern Europe / Aitana Guia -- X-Rays and the discriminatory science of migration / Laura Madokoro -- Baba wore a burqa, and Nona wore a niqab / Franca Iacovetta and Karen Dubinsky.

Practical Liberators: Union Officers in the Western Theater during the Civil War - Rothera, Evan (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Practical Liberators: Union Officers in the Western Theater during the Civil War," by Kristopher A. Teters.

This Grand Experiment: When Women Entered the Federal Workforce in Civil War–Era Washington, D.C. - Rothera, Evan (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "This Grand Experiment: When Women Entered the Federal Workforce in Civil War–Era Washington, D.C.," by Jessica Ziparo.

Une catégorie de chômeurs à part : les cols blancs de Montréal, 1930–1935 - Roy, Sonya (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Pendant la crise économique des années 1930, les cols blancs se retrouvent nombreux parmi les rangs des chômeurs, créant ainsi « une nouvelle classe de pauvres ». Cet article explore le phénomène du chômage chez les cols blancs de Montréal et lève le voile sur leur expérience de la crise. Il s'attarde aux programmes d'assistance publique mis sur pied par les autorités municipales pour venir en aide aux chômeurs et à la réaction des cols blancs et de certains responsables de la charité relativement à la crise et à un système d'assistance jugé inadapté pour les cols blancs. L'article révèle que l'expérience et les réactions des cols blancs quant à la crise sont façonnées par leur appartenance à la classe moyenne. Au chômage, ils n'arrivent plus à maintenir les standards de respectabilité et le style de vie associés à la classe moyenne et se trouvent forcés de demander l'assistance publique aux côtés des ouvriers. La crainte d'un déclassement social et la peur d'être associés aux chômeurs de la classe ouvrière poussent les cols blancs à vouloir se différencier de ces derniers, réaffirmer leur appartenance à la classe moyenne et revendiquer des programmes d'assistance qui répondent à leurs besoins spécifiques. Certains responsables de la charité qui estiment que les cols blancs méritent des services adaptés participent également à cette différenciation.

Managerial Control of American Workers: Methods and Technology from the 1880s to Today - Russell, Jason (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Managerial Control of American Workers: Methods and Technology from the 1880s to Today," by Mel van Elteren.