Rebel Youth: 1960s Labour Unrest; Young Workers, and New Leftists in English Canada - Naylor, James (Manitoba History, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "Rebel Youth: 1960s Labour Unrest; Young Workers, and New Leftists in English Canada," by Ian Milligan.

Smart Globalization: The Canadian Business and Economic History Experience - Nerbas, Don (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "Smart Globalization: The Canadian Business and Economic History Experience," edited by Andrew Smith and Dimitry Anastakis.

Winning the War for Democracy: The March on Washington Movement, 1941–1946 - Newkirk, Anthony B. (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "Winning the War for Democracy: The March on Washington Movement, 1941–1946," by David Lucander.

Revisiting Quebec's Decrees: Can Juridical Extension Address the Issue of Precarious Work in Canada Workplace Pensions: Next Generation or Final Frontier - Ngo, Macduy (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2015)
This paper considers the potential of Quebec's unique "decree system" as a measure that could be used to combat the rapid growth of precarious work in Canada. Under this system, which is also known as "juridical extensions," the province's government may order that a collective agreement covering a certain type of work be "extended" so as to be binding on all employers and employees in the sector, regardless of whether or not they are parties to a collective bar- gaining relationship. There are several reasons why precarious workers may benefit from an expansion and renewal of the decree system. First, the fact that decree coverage is broadly linked to the nature of the work performed avoids many of the regulatory problems that arise from labour market segmentation based on employment status or the form of the relationship. Thus, individuals who are in a disguised employment arrangement or in an agency or triangular work relationship (and who therefore may be excluded from labour relations, employment standards and other protective legislation) are entitled to the wages and benefits prescribed by an extended agreement. Second, parity committees - historically responsible for the administration and enforcement of extended agreements - could serve as the preferred platform for delivery of harmonized, sector-based pension, benefit and training programs. Third, those committees could be reconceived so as to facilitate workers'participation in decision-making at the enterprise level and thereby to promote industrial democracy. The author argues that while a comprehensive response to precariousness would likely require afar-ranging reevaluation of Canada's approach to labour market regu- lation, the decree system could provide at least a partial or intermediate solution.

Beyond Marx: Theorising the Global Labour Relations of the Twenty-First Century - Nichols, Shaun S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "Beyond Marx: Theorising the Global Labour Relations of the Twenty-First Century," edited by Marcel van der Linden and Karl Heinz Roth.

Measuring Employment Standards Violations, Evasion and Erosion - Using a Telephone Survey - Noack, Andrea M.; Vosko, Leah F.; Grundy, John (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
For many workers in Ontario, the Employment Standards Act (ESA) provides the only formal measures of workplace protection. The complaints-based monitoring system utilized by the Ontario Ministry of Labour, however, makes it difficult to assess the overall prevalence of employment standards (ES) compliance in the labour force. In addition to outright ESA violations, prevailing research highlights the significance of the erosion, evasion, and outright abandonment of ES for workers’ access to protection through practices such as the misclassification of workers and types of work. In this article, we report on efforts to develop a telephone-survey questionnaire that measures the overall prevalence of ES violations, as well as evasion and erosion in low-wage jobs in Ontario, without requiring respondents to have any pre-existing legal knowledge. Key methodological challenges included developing strategies for identifying ‘misclassified’ independent contractors, establishing measures for determining whether workers were exempt from the ESA, and translating the regulatory nuances embedded in the legislation into easyto- answer questions. The result is a survey questionnaire unique in the Canadian context. Our questionnaire reflects the concerns of both academic researchers and workers’ rights activists. Pilot survey results show that Ontario workers do not necessarily distinguish between ES violations and other workplace grievances and complaints. With careful questionnaire design, it is nevertheless possible to measure the prevalence of ES violations, evasion and erosion. In order to track the effects of ES policies, particularly those on enforcement, we conclude by calling for the establishment of baseline measures and standardized reporting tools.
Keywords: Canada; EMPLOYEE attitude surveys; Employees; LABOR laws & legislation; Labor policy; NONUNION employees; ONTARIO. Employment Standards Act; 2000; Ontario; RANDOM digit dialing; Research; SURVEYS – Methodology; TELEPHONE surveys; Violations; Work environment; aplicación; employment standards; enforcement; industrial relations research; infracciones; metodología de encuesta; mise en application; méthodologie; normas de empleo; normes du travail; sondage téléphonique; sondeo telefónico; survey methodology; telephone survey

Upton Sinclair: California Socialist, Celebrity Intellectual - Opler, Daniel (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "Upton Sinclair: California Socialist, Celebrity Intellectual," by Lauren Coodley.

A Tate Gallery for the New Left: Portraits, Landscapes, and Abstracts in the Revolutionary Activism of the 1950s and 1960s - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews and comments on "Revolutionary Activism in the 1950s and 60s: A Memoir," volumes 1 and 2, by Ernest Tate.

Employers’ Anti-Unionism in Niagara, 1942–1965: Questioning the Postwar Compromise - Patrias, Carmela (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This study explores employers ’ anti-union strategies in the Niagara Peninsula from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s in order to enhance our understanding of the nature of relations between labour and capital during the period generally described as that of the postwar compromise. Relying on such unexplored archival collections as the papers of the St. Catharines firm, Ontario Editorial Bureau, as well as the collections of the Archives of Ontario and Library and Archives Canada, the study focuses on four main union-avoidance strategies: the establishment of company-dominated unions, anti-union public relations campaigns, corporate welfarism, and company relocation. By illustrating the depth and endurance of Niagara employers’ opposition to unions during the period of supposed compromise between employers, workers and the state the study demonstrates that there was greater continuity than we have supposed between management views of workers’ rights during the period of the postwar compromise and the neoliberalism that characterized subsequent decades.

Race-based Discrimination in Bomb Girls - Patrias, Carmela (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
Documents how discrimination against minorities during WWII was much more prevalent than the selective portrayal in the television series, "Bomb Girls."

What Unions No Longer Do - Peters, John (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "What Unions No Longer Do," by Jake Rosenfeld.

The Second Red Scare and the Unmaking of the New Deal Left - Phillips, Lisa (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "The Second Red Scare and the Unmaking of the New Deal Left," by Landon R.Y. Storrs.

Pilotage par la performance au quotidien dans une administration publique: conséquences sur les conditions de vie au travail des cadres de proximité et des agents encadrés - Piney, Cécile; Nascimento, Adelaide; Gaudart, Corinne (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
Une grande administration publique a souhaité comprendre l’incidence de son pilotage par la performance sur les conditions de vie au travail, notamment grâce à l’utilisation d’indicateurs. D’après la littérature, il n’existe pas une forme de performance, mais différentes performances dont les critères d’évaluation sont sélectionnés en fonction de la stratégie adoptée par l’organisation. L’application du pilotage par la performance dépend du choix des outils de mesure. Entre direction et agents, les cadres de proximité traduisent les objectifs de performance en missions concrètes. La façon de piloter les services pour atteindre les objectifs a des impacts sur la qualité du service produit, sur la qualité de vie au travail et le ressenti des conditions de travail. Une étude qualitative à partir de 36 entretiens centrés sur l’activité a été menée auprès d’agents, de cadres de proximité dans différents types de service, et de cadres intermédiaires. Ces résultats ont ensuite été croisés aux débats dans des groupes de travail «Métiers» et «Management-local». Les personnes interrogées ne remettent pas en cause l’utilisation d’indicateurs pour mesurer l’activité. Une culture du chiffre oriente même l’activité en priorisant certaines tâches au détriment d’un travail gris non mesuré. Néanmoins, il n’existe pas de perception commune de la performance au sein de cette administration, ce qui implique différents usages d’indicateurs. La recherche de la performance par l’administration via un pilotage par indicateurs a entraîné des phénomènes d’intensification du travail et d’évolution des métiers. Des pratiques induites afin de s’adapter aux conditions de travail se sont développées, celles-ci sont à la source d’écarts entre performance mesurée par les indicateurs et performance réelle des services. Ces stratégies de contournement sont un facteur dégradant les conditions de vie au travail, avec notamment un sentiment de non qualité du service rendu à l’usager et une perte de sens du métier. Les cadres de proximité, responsables de service, concilient tous ces paramètres afin de faire en sorte que les équipes puissent effectuer leur travail dans les meilleures conditions possibles.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

The Search for a Socialist El Dorado: Finnish Immigration to Soviet Karelia from the United States and Canada in the 1930s - Pratt, William C. (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "The Search for a Socialist El Dorado: Finnish Immigration to Soviet Karelia from the United States and Canada in the 1930s," by Alexey Golubev and Irina Takala.

Playful Crowds and the 1886 Toronto Street Railway Strikes - Radforth, Ian (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
Two linked Toronto strikes of street railway employees in 1886 are used to explore contrasting patterns of behaviour or “contentious performances” in Victorian city streets. Strikers led by the Knights of Labor exercised self-discipline when picketing so as to gain the support of the community and defeat the ironclad contract imposed by their anti-union employer. At a moment of working-class mobilization amid industrialization, these employees of a modern, mass-transportation firm deployed “emergent” union tactics. Positioning themselves as breadwinners and as citizens asserting their right to join a union, they deployed a choreographed masculinity encouraged by Knights leaders who strategized to win the disputes. By contrast, large crowds composed overwhelmingly of working-class men and boys demonstrated their disapproval of the street railway company and its anti-labour policy in unruly actions detailed in lively press accounts. The crowds’ transgressive actions point to a “residual” pattern of protest and spontaneous expressions of masculinity derived from boyhoods spent in the streets. Moreover, at times these crowds engaged in playful behaviour and brought into the streets more people drawn by the fun, thus adding momentum to the strikers’ campaign and helping to prompt the repressive measures taken by law enforcement.
Issue 76, Fall 2015

An American in London: Whistler and the Thames - Ramsay, Ellen (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "An American in London: Whistler and the Thames," by Margaret F. MacDonald and Patricia de Montfort.

Cleaning Up: How Hospital Outsourcing is Hurting Workers and Endangering Patients - Reich, Adam (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "Cleaning Up: How Hospital Outsourcing is Hurting Workers and Endangering Patients," by Dan Zuberi.

Save Our Unions: Dispatches from a Movement in Distress - Rosenfeld, Herman (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "Save Our Unions: Dispatches from a Movement in Distress," by Steve Early.

Salaires et productivité du travail au Canada depuis le début du 20 siècle : les travailleurs bénéficient-ils de la croissance économique? - Rouillard, Jacques; Rouillard, Jean-François (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
Notre article évalue la croissance des salaires réels des travailleurs au Canada du début du 20e siècle jusqu’à 2013, en considérant à la fois les salaires des travailleurs syndiqués et non syndiqués. Cette évolution est mise en relation avec la hausse de la productivité du travail afin de vérifier la théorie de l’économiste Robert Solow voulant que la croissance des salaires réels progresse au même rythme que la productivité du travail. Nous relevons l’évolution des salaires en trois temps selon les modes dominants de régulation des relations de travail : 1900-1939, 1940-1979 et 1980-2013. La première phase, celle du libéralisme, est marquée par la négociation individuelle des conditions de travail et l’amorce de la syndicalisation. La deuxième se situe dans la mouvance keynésienne et est caractérisée par le militantisme syndical et l’aide de l’État. La troisième, qui s’inscrit dans l’affirmation du néolibéralisme, voit le recul du syndicalisme et de l’appui apporté par les gouvernements. De notre analyse, il ressort que trois importants facteurs influencent la détermination des salaires : 1-la croissance économique ; 2-l’action de l’État ; et 3- le militantisme syndical. Notre recherche montre que les salaires réels moyens des travailleurs au Canada n’ont guère augmenté au-delà de l’inflation depuis les trois dernières décennies malgré un accroissement de la productivité du travail. Ce quasi-gel du pouvoir d’achat des travailleurs est notamment attribuable à des transformations du marché du travail, à l’érosion du rapport de force des salariés dans les entreprises et aux valeurs néolibérales qui s’imposent auprès des gouvernements. En revanche, les années antérieures se présentent sous un tout autre jour puisque les salariés profitent de la croissance économique et de la hausse de la productivité du travail. Depuis la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, leur pouvoir d’achat fait plus que doubler, en même temps qu’ils peuvent bénéficier d’une réduction de leurs heures de travail et de nombreux autres avantages sociaux. Cet avancement est le résultat de la forte croissance économique, de la hausse du taux de syndicalisation et de politiques gouvernementales keynésiennes axées sur la stimulation de la consommation. De 1901 à 1940, les salariés profitèrent également du développement industriel, même si les rapports qui déterminent l’embauche et les conditions de travail sont surtout de nature individuelle basés sur les lois du marché. Au cours de cette période, l’action de l’État demeure marginale, mais des syndicats réussissent à imposer la négociation collective.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Outlaws of the Atlantic: Sailors, Pirates, and Motley Crews in the Age of Sail - Sager, Eric W. (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "Outlaws of the Atlantic: Sailors, Pirates, and Motley Crews in the Age of Sail," by Marcus Rediker.

Bomb Girls, Gender, and Working-Class History - Sangster, Joan (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
Provides a critical appreciation of the television series, "Bomb Girls," as a pedagogical tool and as Canadian historical fiction in the context of the US-dominated culture industry. Concludes that while the series is limited in its understanding of class relations, it nonetheless is of value for students to consider the relationship between mass media, representation, and working women.

“Métis”: Race, Recognition, and the Struggle for Indigenous Peoplehood - Sawchuk, Joe (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "'Métis': Race, Recognition, and the Struggle for Indigenous Peoplehood," by Chris Andersen.

People with Disabilities: Sidelined or Mainstreamed? - Schmidle, Timothy P. (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "People with Disabilities: Sidelined or Mainstreamed?," by Lisa Schur, Douglas Kruse and Peter Blanck.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Academic Freedom in Conflict: The Struggle Over Free Speech Rights in the University - Schrecker, Ellen (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "Academic Freedom in Conflict: The Struggle Over Free Speech Rights in the University," edited by James L. Turk.

Self-Employment and Retirement in Canada: The Labour Force Dynamics of Older Workers - Schuetze, Herbert J. (Canadian Public Policy, 2015)
Using panel data from the Surveys of Labour and Income Dynamics covering the period 1993 to 2008 in Canada this study examines labour force transitions among older workers. High rates of self-employment among older workers primarily result from greater labour market continuation among the self-employed compared to paid employees. Older self-employed men across all characteristics examined are more likely to continue working at each age, while self-employed women do not respond to age-related factors (such as the pension system) to the same extent as paid employees. Labour market continuation is found to be higher among late-life entrants to self-employment than among paid employees after accounting for individual characteristics and job tenure.

Delaying, Disarming, and Deceiving the Union: The Lougheed Government, Alberta Government Employees, and the Public Service Employee Relations Act, 1977 - Selby, Jim (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
Increasing discontent among provincial employees in Alberta in the late 1960s and 1970s led to growing militancy culminating in a series of strike actions in 1974 by members of the Civil Service Association of Alberta (csa of a) and the transformation of that organization into the Alberta Union of Provincial Employees. In response to growing labour unrest in the public sector, the Lougheed government created a joint government/union task force with the csa of a on 11 February 1975 to review the legislation governing provincial employees and to recommend changes in legislation necessary to achieve a better system of labour relations. The creation of the task force created a period of labour peace in the provincial public sector leading up to the provincial election in the spring of 1975. However, following the re-election of the Lougheed government, public sector labour legislation was revised with the passage of the highly anti-union Public Service Employee Relations Act in May 1977. Internal government documents of the day suggest the task force process was a cynical manipulation of the union in an effort to defuse public employee militancy and to delay conflict.

Enforcing Workplace Pension Rights for Unionized Employees: Is There a Weber Gap Workplace Pensions: Next Generation or Final Frontier - Shilton, Elizabeth (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2015)
In the Weber case, the Supreme Court of Canada enlarged the scope of jurisdiction of labour arbitrators by holding that they have exclusive jurisdiction over all disputes arising not only expressly, but also "inferentially," from a collective agreement. Unfortunately, the expanded jurisdiction conferred on arbitrators was not accompanied by any direction as to where they should look for the normative standards necessary to adjudicate claims where those stan- dards are not provided by the collective agreement, creating the potential for what scholar and arbitrator Brian Etherington has called a Weber gap. There is the potential for such a Weber gap in relation to workplace pension issues, which have traditionally been dealt with by the courts. In Bisaillon v. Concordia University, the Supreme Court of Canada applied a liberal version of the Weber test to a pension dispute, holding that it belonged within the exclusive jurisdic- tion of an arbitrator. Courts and arbitrators have had starkly different responses to this decision: courts have embraced the Court's liberal approach and refused jurisdiction over many pension claims they would previously have dealt with, while arbitrators have taken a narrower view and have been hesitant to expand their own jurisdiction. This divergence has led in practice to an enforcement gap that may leave some unionized employees without access to an effective forum in which to vindicate pension rights. The author proposes that this problem could be addressed through a liberalization of arbitral practice, through collective bargaining, or through legislative reform.

24/7: Late Capitalism and the Ends of Sleep - Spike, Sara (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "24/7: Late Capitalism and the Ends of Sleep," by Jonathan Crary.

Changing Times, Changing Benefits Workplace Pensions: Next Generation or Final Frontier - Steele, Jana (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2015)
This paper explores some of the complex legal issues that a pension plan sponsor may face when making changes to plan design, particularly where those changes may have a negative impact on benefits. Pension standards legislation in Canada generally permits prospective amendments to a pension plan, pro- vided they do not affect vested rights. However, as the author explains, deter- mining the nature and extent of permissible changes may be complicated by differences in the language of the applicable legislation, which varies across jurisdictions. Furthermore, the key terms "accrued" and "vested" have not been interpreted in a consistent way by courts and tribunals. Turning specifically to the question of which pension benefits can be changed and which ones cannot, the author argues that pension standards law protects only accrued benefits, and not a particular plan design or all "rights" which might be said to arise from plan membership. The paper goes on to review the limited circumstances in which changes can be made to vested pension benefits.

Working in the Shadows for Transparency: Russ Hiebert, LabourWatch, Nanos Research, and the Making of Bill C-377 - Stevens, Andrew; Tucker, Sean (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
Examines the controversy surrounding the passage of Bill C-377 by the Canadian federal parliament in 2012. Introduced as a private member's bill by Conservative MP Russ Hiebert in 2011, the legislation required unions to disclose publicly all of their activities to the Canada Revenue Agency under the Income Tax Act. The paper analyzes the anti-labour origins of the bill, which mirrored the union disclosure provisions of the US Taft-Hartley Act; it also considers the role of LabourWatch, the bill's principal private-sector Canadian advocate, as well as the Nanos Research polls commissioned by LabourWatch that appeared to show wide public support for the bill.

A Freedom Budget for All Americans: Recapturing the Promise of the Civil Rights Movement in the Struggle for Economic Justice Today - Taylor, Kerry (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "A Freedom Budget for All Americans: Recapturing the Promise of the Civil Rights Movement in the Struggle for Economic Justice Today," by Paul Le Blanc and Michael D. Yates.

Redeeming Time: Protestantism and Chicago’s Eight-Hour Movement, 1866-1912 - Thiessen, Janis Lee (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "Redeeming Time: Protestantism and Chicago’s Eight-Hour Movement, 1866-1912," by William A. Mirola.

Pension Benefits and Wrongful Dismissal Damages: Double Recovery or Double Jeopardy Workplace Pensions: Next Generation or Final Frontier - Thornicroft, Kenneth Wm. (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2015)
In the Waterman case, the Supreme Court of Canada decided - at least with respect to the defined benefit pension plan under review - that pension benefits received by a wrongfully dismissed employee during the reasonable notice period are not deductible from any severance pay in lieu of reasonable notice that is otherwise payable. A majority of the Court held that the pen- sion benefits constituted a form of deferred compensation that was not intended to indemnify against income loss due to a wrongful dismissal, while the min- ority maintained that pension benefits received during the notice period must be deducted to prevent the dismissed employee from obtaining an undeserved windfall. In this article, the author reviews the law relating to the deductibility of various benefit payments from wrongful dismissal damages. In his view, the Waterman majority judgment does not provide wrongfully dismissed employees with an improper windfall, and there is no principled reason why pension bene- fits should be deducted from a damages award and thereby placed on a separate footing from other benefits that are components of an employee's overall com- pensation package.

Seasons of Change: Labor, Treaty Rights and Ojibwe Nationhood - Tough, Frank J. (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "Seasons of Change: Labor, Treaty Rights and Ojibwe Nationhood," by Chantal Norrgard.

D'où vient l'emploi ? Marché, État et action collective - Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "D'où vient l'emploi ? Marché, État et action collective" by Frédéric Hanin.
Keywords: D'OU vient l'emploi? Marche; Etat et action collective (Book); HANIN; Frederic; Industrial relations; LABOR market; Nonfiction

Hommage à Pierre Verge (1936-2015) = Tribute to Pierre Verge (1936-2015) - Vallée, Guylaine (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
Avec le décès de Pierre Verge, la revue Relations industrielles/Industrial Relations perd un réputé contributeur et un précieux ami. À la demande de la direction de la revue, la professeure Guylaine Vallée, qui connaît bien l’oeuvre de Pierre Verge et qui a travaillé avec lui, a accepté de rédiger ce texte hommage faisant état de sa contribution à l’avancement du droit de travail et des relations industrielles au Québec et au Canada. // An obituary is presented for Pierre Verge, a contributor to this journal, professor emeritus at the Law Faculty at the University of Laval in Québec, Québec, humanist, author, and advocate for the advancement of labor laws and industrial relations in Québec and Canada.
Keywords: LAW teachers – Canada; VERGE; Pierre

Le rôle des interactions entre engagements multiples dans la prédiction du risque de démission - Vandenberghe, Christian (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
Cette étude examine l’influence d’engagements multiples envers l’organisation et le groupe de travail dans la prédiction des départs volontaires, en considérant les interactions entre les deux cibles et les effets principaux des dimensions d’engagement. Ce faisant, la présente étude innove en poursuivant une ligne de recherche émergente sur la façon dont des engagements multiples envers des cibles de travail emboitées s’articulent dans leur influence sur l’occurrence des départs volontaires. De plus, notre attention se porte particulièrement sur les interactions entre l’engagement organisationnel normatif et les dimensions d’engagement envers le groupe. En effet, des travaux récents suggèrent que l’engagement normatif peut voir sa signification perçue se modifier suivant le contexte intra-personnel créé par les autres dimensions d’engagement (Gellatly, Meyer et Luchak, 2006 ; Meyer, Stanley et Parfyonova, 2012). Nous explorons donc l’idée que l’engagement organisationnel normatif pourrait avoir des effets différents sur le risque de démission suivant qu’il s’accompagne d’un engagement affectif, normatif ou de continuité élevé envers le groupe. Sur la base d’une étude en deux temps de mesure espacés d’un an ( N = 268), les analyses révèlent que l’engagement organisationnel normatif présente un effet de réduction du risque de démission plus important lorsque l’engagement affectif envers le groupe est élevé, mais un effet de réduction du risque de démission plus faible lorsque l’engagement normatif envers le groupe est élevé, indiquant des interactions opposées entre les cibles d’engagement. De plus, l’engagement par manque d’alternatives est lié à un risque réduit de démission, cela seulement lorsque l’engagement de continuité envers le groupe est élevé. Enfin, l’engagement organisationnel affectif et l’engagement organisationnel par sacrifice perçu sont associés à un risque réduit de démission alors que l’engagement de continuité envers le groupe de travail augmente ce risque. Nous discutons la portée de ces résultats pour la compréhension du rôle des engagements multiples dans la rétention des employés. // English title: Well-being at Work: Contributions of a Person-centred Study. (English). This study examines the influence of multiple commitments toward the organization and the workgroup in predicting voluntary turnover by considering the interactions across foci and the main effects of commitment dimensions. In doing so, the present study innovates by pursuing an emerging line of research on how multiple commitments toward nested work foci combine each other in influencing the likelihood of voluntary leaving. In addition, we particularly focus on the interactions between normative organizational commitment and the dimensions of commitment to the workgroup. Indeed, recent studies suggest that normative commitment’s perceived meaning can change depending on the intra-personal context provided by the other commitments (Gellatly, Meyer, and Luchak, 2006 ; Meyer, Stanley, and Parfyonova, 2012). We thus explore the idea that normative organizational commitment may have different effects on the likelihood of leaving depending on whether it is accompanied by high affective, normative, or continuance commitment to the workgroup. Based on a study involving two measurement times spaced by one year (N = 268), analyses indicate that normative organizational commitment displays a stronger negative effect on turnover at high levels of affective commitment to the workgroup but a weaker effect on turnover at high levels of normative commitment to the workgroup, indicating opposite interactions across foci. In addition, lack of alternatives commitment is related to reduced turnover only when continuance commitment to the workgroup is high. Finally, affective organizational commitment and perceived sacrifice organizational commitment are associated with lower turnover while continuance commitment to the workgroup is related to higher turnover. We discuss the implications of these results for our understanding of the role of multiple commitments in employee retention.
Keywords: EMPLOYEE attitude surveys; EMPLOYMENT tenure; LABOR turnover; ORGANIZATIONAL commitment; TEAMS in the workplace; and lack of alternatives); commitment to the workgroup; départs volontaires; employee retention; engagement envers le groupe; engagement organisationnel (affectif; implicación con el grupo; implicación organizacional (afectiva; industrial relations research; normatif; normativa; normative; organizational commitment (affective; par sacrifice perçu et manque d'alternatives); perceived sacrifice; por sacrificio percibido y por falta de alternativas); renuncia voluntaria; voluntary turnover

Remembering "Salt:" How a Blacklisted Hollywood Movie Brought the Spectre of McCarthyism to a Small Canadian Town - Verzuh, Ron (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
Discusses the turbulent history surrounding the screening of the film, "Salt of the Earth," by Local 480 of the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers' union in Trail, BC, in 1954. The Hollywood film, which is based on a true story of Chicano workers on strike at a mine in New Mexico, was blacklisted during the McCarthy era, as were many of the production's personnel. The paper is framed by the reminiscence of Anita Torres, who participated in the original 15-month-long strike, and who attended the screenings both in 1954 and in 2014 when it was commemorated.

Adjustments to Minimum Wages in China: Cost-Neutral Offsets - Wang, Jing; Gunderson, Morley (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
Based on qualitative interviews of workers, managers and labour inspectors in China, we examine how employers adjust, often in subtle fashions, to minimum wage increases. Our findings highlight the “law of unintended consequences” in that their effects are often “undone” or offset by subtle adjustments such as reductions in fringe benefits and in overtime work and overtime pay premiums that are otherwise valued by employees. Employees often feel that they are no better off in spite of minimum wage increases because of these offsetting adjustments. This study also suggests possible reasons for the small or zero effect of minimum wage on employment in China. Lack of enforcement may be one of the reasons, but the employees we interviewed seem well aware of the legal minimum wage and employers do not want to get involved in disputes over this matter. For employers who would otherwise be affected by the minimum wage increase, the cost increase is mitigated by the offsetting adjustments. As a result, minimum wages do not seem to weaken the competitive position of employers in China.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Ain’t Got No Home: America’s Great Migrations and the Making of An Interracial Left - Washington, Mary Helen (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
This article reviews the book, "Ain’t Got No Home: America’s Great Migrations and the Making of An Interracial Left," by Erin Royston Battat.

Locked Out: A Century of Irish Working-Class Life - Whelehan, Niall (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "Locked Out: A Century of Irish Working-Class Life," edited by David Convery.

Explaining the Informal Economy: an Exploratory Evaluation of Competing Perspectives - Williams, Colin C. (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
The aim of this paper is to conduct an exploratory analysis of the wider economic and social conditions associated with larger informal economies. To do this, three competing perspectives are evaluated critically which variously assert that cross-national variations in the size of the informal economy are associated with: under-development (modernization perspective); high taxes, corruption and state interference (neo-liberal perspective), or inadequate state intervention to protect workers (political economy perspective). Analyzing the variable size of the informal economy across 33 developed and transition economies, namely 28 European countries and five other OECD nations (Australia, Canada, Japan, New zealand and the USA), the finding is that larger informal economies are associated with under-development as measured by lower levels of GNI per capita, employment participation rates, average wages and the institutional strength and quality of the bureaucracy, higher levels of perceived public sector corruption, lower levels of expenditure on social protection and labour market intervention to protect vulnerable groups, but also restrictions on the use of temporary employment contracts and TWAs. The outcome is a tentative call to combine a range of tenets from all three perspectives in a new more nuanced and finer-grained understanding of how the cross-national variations in the size of the informal economy are associated with broader economic and social conditions. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for theory and policy, including the need for further analysis of the different impacts on the size of the informal economy of a wider range of indicators of modernization, corruption, taxation and types of state intervention.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Taxonomie des conflits entre le travail et la famille : une analyse multidimensionnelle à l’aide de cartes auto-organisatrices - Wils, Thierry; Rhnima, Aziz (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
Fréquemment, les chercheurs ont conceptualisé le conflit travail-famille de façon bidirectionnelle : l’étude des effets de la vie professionnelle à l’endroit de la vie de famille (appelé conflit travail-famille) et celle des effets de la vie de famille à l’égard de la vie d’emploi (appelé conflit famille-travail). Toutefois, les résultats inhérents aux recherches basées sur cette conceptualisation se sont avérés controversés. Autrement dit, très peu d’effort a été déployé afin de différencier entre les effets des différentes formes de ce conflit. Pourtant, Greenhaus et Beutell (1985) en ont proposé une conceptualisation multidimensionnelle, en ajoutant aux deux dimensions directionnelles trois autres supplémentaires liées au conflit de temps, d’effort et de comportement. Ainsi, notre recherche répond à la question générale suivante: la conceptualisation multidimensionnelle du conflit travail-famille est-elle plus efficace pour cerner la réalité de ce phénomène que la conceptualisation bidirectionnelle ? À partir d’un échantillon de 375 sujets provenant du personnel infirmier d’un centre hospitalier, nous avons privilégié une conceptualisation multidimensionnelle dudit conflit (Greenhaus et Beutell, 1985), et ce, afin d’identifier les effets spécifiques aux diverses dimensions de ce conflit. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé l’analyse en termes des cartes autoorganisatrices de Kohonen (SOM), cartes qui sont basées sur un réseau de neurones résultant de la méthode d’apprentissage non supervisée (Kohonen, 2001). Les résultats de l’analyse neuronale indiquent qu’il y a six formes de conflit. Deux d’entre elles paraissent générer des effets similaires à ceux obtenus selon la conceptualisation bidirectionnelle (conflit à haute intensité versus conflit à basse intensité), tandis que les quatre autres formes apparaissent engendrer des effets spécifiques, justifiant la nécessité d’appliquer la conceptualisation multidimensionnelle préconisée. En outre, l’analyse de variance appliquée aux données a révélé plusieurs différences significatives entre les six formes de ce conflit et des variables externes liées à des facteurs explicatifs dudit conflit, ainsi qu’à ses conséquences. Cette nouvelle taxonomie, basée sur la conceptualisation multidimensionnelle des conflits travail-famille, contribue à une meilleure compréhension de l’interférence entre la sphère de la vie familiale et celle de la vie professionnelle, en identifiant les formes spécifiques du conflit travail-famille au niveau desquelles une ou plusieurs sources de conflictualité sont en action. Des avenues de recherche et des implications managériales sont déduites à la lumière des résultats enregistrés.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Rethinking Greek Capitalism through the Lens of Industrial Relations Reform: A View until the 2015 Referendum - Wood, Geoffrey; Szamosi, Leslie T.; Psychogios, Alexandros; Sarvanidis, Sofoklis; Fotopoulou, Dialechti (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2015)
Although the literature on comparative capitalism has been expanded to encompass the Mixed Market Economies (MMEs) of the Mediterranean world and other less mature institutional arrangements, it can be argued that more attention needs to be accorded to internal diversity within capitalist archetypes and the nature and path of change. In focusing on the latter, this paper explores changes in Industrial relations (Ir) regulation and practice in Greece which, since the onset of the economic crisis, has shifted towards lighter regulation; however, liberalization has not meant convergence with the mature Liberal Market Economy (LME) model and its presumed associated complementarities. Based on current developments and advances in the literature on comparative capitalism, this study explores the process and dynamics of institutional change, and the long continuities that set Greece apart from both ‘disorganized’ LMEs and other MMEs. This encompasses issues such as the composition of elites, the nature of institutional path dependence and change, and the uneven and partial nature of what constitutes institutional functionality. Whilst the Greek system is commonly condemned as dysfunctional, it satisfies specific economic interests. Being impelled in one direction by a progressive movement from below, it is driven in another by external pressures, and, at home, by “unpatriotic” elites, who have little interest in stronger regulation, and may well be served by weaker governmental capabilities. As local economic elites seek to reposition themselves within the system in order to cope with shifts in the capitalist economy, it may result in them further narrowing their focus onto their own immediate concerns accommodated through economic liberalization. Smaller, marginal, players may be pushed further out of the system and/or actively choose to withdraw, the attempts of the present government to ameliorate the shocks of liberalization notwithstanding. This vests the organized labour and other civil society associations with great historic importance.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Labor and the Locavore: The Making of a Comprehensive Food Ethic - Zerbe, Noah (Labour / Le Travail, 2015)
The article reviews the book, "Labor and the Locavore: The Making of a Comprehensive Food Ethic," by Margaret Gray.

Leadership, Feminism and Equality in Unions in Canada - Briskin, Linda (Labor Studies Journal, 2014)
The project Leadership, Feminism and Equality in Unions in Canada (2012) explored the current practices, climate around, and attitudes to women, feminism, leadership, and equality through the insights, voices, and experiences of forty-four women union lead- ers, activists, and staff. This article outlines what we did: what prompted the project and its goals, methodology, activities, output, and results for participants. It also includes a summary of some findings that underscore the significance of the project.This project points to the permeability between and among breaking the silence, movement building, and union education. It asks what kind of union education is rel- evant and available for seasoned activists, leaders, and educators. It found that an ongoing process of what might be called politicized education is critical. Certainly this group of union women benefited from re-politicizing their individual experiences, per- haps what could be called “re-organizing.”

Racialized and Gendered Disparities in Occupational Exposures Among Chinese and White Workers in Toronto - Premji, Stephanie; Lewchuk, Wayne (Ethnicity & Health, 2014)
Objective: We examined disparities in hazardous employment characteristics and working conditions among Chinese and white workers in Toronto, Canada.Design. We used self-administered questionnaire data from a 2005–2006 population-based survey (n = 1611). Using modified Poisson regression, we examined the likelihood for Chinese workers of experiencing adverse exposures compared to whites. Models were stratified by sex and adjusted for differences in human capital. Work sector was conceptualized as a mediating variable.Results. Chinese workers were generally more likely to report adverse exposures. In many cases, disparities were only evident or more pronounced among women. The shorter length of time in Canada of Chinese relative to whites accounted for some of the observed disparities. Meanwhile, the higher educational level of Chinese compared to whites provided them with no protection from adverse exposures. The risk of experiencing discrimination on the labor market and at work was more than 50% higher among Chinese men and women as compared to whites, and those disparities, though reduced, persisted after adjustment for confounders.Conclusions. Discrimination is far more prevalent among Chinese than among whites and may explain their disproportionate exposure to other hazards.
Keywords: Canada; Chinese; discrimination; ethnicity; gender; occupational health or hazards

Does Citizenship Status Matter in Canadian Agriculture? Workplace Health and Safety for Migrant and Immigrant Laborers - Preibisch, Kerry; Otero, Gerardo (Rural Sociology, 2014)
This article explores how precarious legal status circumscribes differential inclusion in the agricultural labor market and affects workers' lives through a comparative study of workplace health and safety among temporary migrant guest workers and immigrants in Canada. Original, multimethod research with South Asian immigrant and Mexican migrant farmworkers examines employment practices, working conditions, and health-care access. We find that both groups engage in precarious work, with consequences for their health and safety, including immigrant workers with citizenship. Nevertheless, migrant guest workers are subject to more coercive forms of labor discipline and a narrower range of social protection than immigrants. We argue that while formal citizenship can mitigate some dimensions of precariousness for farmworkers racialized as non-white, achieving a more just, safer food system will require broader policies to improve employer compliance and address legislative shortcomings that only weakly protect agricultural labor.

An Era of Wildcats and Sick-outs in Canada? The Continued Decline of Industrial Pluralism and the Case of Air Canada - Stevens, Andrew; Nesbitt, Doug (Labor Studies Journal, 2014)
In the winter of 2012, the Canadian federal Conservative government introduced back-to-work legislation prohibiting work stoppages at Canada’s largest airline, Air Canada. In the following weeks, wildcat strikes by baggage handlers, ground crew, and even pilots rattled the company. These disputes were preceded in 2011 by another instance of back-to-work legislation and threats of legislation against Air Canada’s customer service workers and flight attendants, respectively. In all cases, the union leadership was legally forced to police their membership and order their members to cease job actions when they erupted. This article situates the Conservative government’s coercive measures to deal with labor unrest at Air Canada within a broader anti-union context, highlighting the continued decline of industrial pluralism in Canada and questioning whether the repeated use and threat of federal back-to-work legislation will open up space for civil disobedience as a new norm in Canadian industrial relations.
Keywords: Air Canada; Canada; Conservative Party of Canada; collective bargaining; industrial pluralism; industrial relations; sick-outs; wildcat strikes

Organized Labour and the Shifting Landscape of Local Politics in Ontario - Savage, Larry (Studies in Political Economy, 2014)
The shifting provincial-municipal landscape in Ontario, which has positioned local government as central to the neoliberal project, has created both strategic opportunities and risks for organized labour. This article explores how the provincial state has used downloading and neoliberal municipal restructuring to shift the balance of class forces in local politics and provides analytical context against which to examine organized labour’s attempts to pursue progressive policy outputs in this new environment.

Abstracts, volume 73 (Spring/Printemps 2014) (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
English/French abstracts of articles in Spring 2014 volume.

Index — Volume 69 — 2014 (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Liste des appréciateurs – 2014 = List of referees - 2014 (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Y a-t-il un âge pour travailler ? - Abouaissa, Siham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Review of: Y a-t-il un âge pour travailler ? edited by François Hubault.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

The Politics of History Under Harper - Abu-Laban, Yasmeen (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Examines critically the efforts of the Conservative government of Stephen Harper efforts to reshape the public symbols and representations of Canadian history, citizenship, and identity. Emphasizes the importance of the body of research on social history, as well as the understandings offered collectively by the social sciences and humanities.
Keywords: ANTI-intellectualism; CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CONSERVATIVE Party of Canada (2003- ); DISCOVER Canada: The Rights & Responsibilities of Citizenship (Book); HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; HISTORY & politics; STATISTICS Canada; Social history

Constitutional Labour Rights in Canada: Farm Workers and the Fraser Case: A Critical Review - Adams, Roy J. (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
This article is a critical review of "Constitutional Labour Rights in Canada: Farm Workers and the Fraser Case," by Fay Faraday, Judy Fudge and Eric Tucker.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Collective bargaining; Farmworkers; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Supreme Court decisions

In Service of the Lowly Nazarene Carpenter: The English Canadian Labour Press and the Case for Radical Christianity, 1926-1939 - Aivalis, Christo (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article examines some of Depression-era Canada’s most influential labour newspapers with the intent to show that their writers were deeply inspired by radical Christianity. While connected in many ways to earlier strands of working-class and leftist Christianity as typified by the social gospel, radical Christianity differs in the extent to which the roots of social dysfunction were acknowledged as being linked to the capitalist order, and the solution being in its destruction. In this way, one can find deep intellectual connections between the Canadian labour press and the members of the Fellowship of a Christian Social Order (FCSO). Thus, this article not only examines labour intellectuals in a Gramscian light, but seeks to challenge the claim among many historians that links between labour and Christianity collapsed before the Depression. Indeed, labour intellectuals sought to confront the prevailing hegemony of a capitalistic Christianity, not only by challenging the links the institutional churches held with the economic elite but also through developing understanding of how capitalism played an intrinsic role in the creation of sin and suffering.
Keywords: 20th century; BUSINESS – Religious aspects – Christianity; CHRISTIAN socialism; Canada; History; LABOR – Religious aspects – Christianity; LABOR press; Labor movement; RELIGIOUS aspects; Radicalism; SECOND Advent; SOCIALISM & Christianity

Direct Access in Ontario: A Call to Re-Examine Adjudicating Human Rights in the Workplace: After Ontario's Pinto Report, Where Do We Go Next - Anand, Anita; Anand, Gita (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
Amendments to the Ontario Human Rights Code that took effect in 2008 introduced a new hybrid direct access model, which allows complaints to be taken directly to the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario without prior investigation by the province's Human Rights Commission, and which limits the Commission's role to the protection of the public interest through policy development and public education. The authors are of the view that there was inadequate cost-benefit analysis of the new model before it was implemented, and that the three-year period between the implementation of the new model and the preparation of the Pinto Report on its operation was not long enough to allow for a thorough analysis of how well the model was working. They argue that cost-benefit analysis is still needed to assess whether the model is meeting its policy goals and whether it is cost-effective and efficient. However, they acknowledge that one of the challenges in performing an analysis of a human rights regime lies in the dificulty of quantifying the regime's costs and benefits; it is hard, for example, to place a value on fictors such as access to justice. With an eye to the differences between the new Ontario model and the human rights regimes in other Canadian jurisdictions, the authors highlight a number of potential problems with the hybrid Ontario model that call for future research using a cost-benefit approach: the lack of Commission-initiated public interest cases; the risk that more non-meritorious cases will reach adjudication because of the lack of screening by the Commission; the shifting of the costs and other burdens of litigation to private parties; and the question of the effectiveness of the Legal Support Centre in helping to meet those burdens.

From Theory and Research to Policy and Practice in Work and Employment-and Beyond? - Arthurs, Harry (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The title of CIRA's 50th anniversary conference – From Theory and Research to Policy and Practice in Work and Employment – has a nostalgic ring to it. You will recall, perhaps, that large numbers of people, who used to be known as "workers", were "employed" in something called "industry". Significant numbers of these workers joined organizations called "unions" that established collective "relations" with employers. Implausible as it now seems, governments were once so concerned about "industrial relations" (IR) that they sponsored a great deal of IR research and even conducted their own. The Task Force on Labour Relations, appointed in 1966, enlisted virtually every industrial relations and labour law scholar in the country; compiled shelves-full of ambitious studies; and made scores of recommendations, a surprising number of which ended up being adopted by one or another Canadian jurisdiction. –From author's keynote address
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Employment policies; Labor Unions; Labor relations; Productivity measurement; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Autonomous State: The Struggle for a Canadian Car Industry from OPEC to Free Trade - Aschoff, Nicole (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Autonomous State: The Struggle for a Canadian Car Industry from OPEC to Free Trade," by Dimitry Anastakis.
Keywords: ANASTAKIS; Dimitry; AUTOMOBILE industry; AUTONOMOUS State: The Struggle for a Canadian Car Industry From OPEC to Free Trade (Book); CANADA – Economic conditions – 1945-; Canada; History; Nonfiction

Fragmented Outcomes: International Comparisons of Gender, Managerialism and Union Strategies in the Nonprofit Sector - Baines, Donna; Charlesworth, Sara; Cunningham, Ian (Journal of Industrial Relations, 2014)
Since the mid-1980s, the nonprofit social services sector has been promoted as an option for cheaper and more flexible delivery of services. In order to comply with government standards and funding requirements, the sector has been subject to ongoing waves of restructuring and the introduction of new private market-like, outcomes-based management models, such as New Public Management. This article explores ways in which nonprofit social services sector workers experience their work as highly fragmented. Drawing on case studies completed as part of a larger project addressing restructuring in the nonprofit social services sector in Scotland, New Zealand, Australia and Canada, we examine three key aspects shaping work in the nonprofit social services sector: 1) workers’ experience of managerialism; 2) gendered strategies drawn on by workers in the agencies studied; and 3) union strategies in the nonprofit social services sector, as well as within individual workplaces. Conclusions focus on contributions to understanding managerialism as a strong but fragmented project in which even weak union presence and the willingness of the predominantly female workforce to sacrifice to provide care for others ensure that some level of social solidarity endures.
Keywords: Gender; New Public Management; Nonprofit; Unions; outcomes

Not Profiting from Precarity: The Work of Nonprofit Service Delivery and the Creation of Precariousness - Baines, Donna; Cunningham, Ian; Campey, John; Shields, John (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
This paper examines the impact of precarity on the nonprofit service providing sector (NPSS). Using in depth qualitative interviews, recent empirically-based surveys of the Ontario nonprofit sector and key academic and grey literature, we explore the deeper meaning of precarity in this sector. We contend that the NPSS is a unique, and in many respects, an ideal location in which to explore the workings and impact of precarity. Looking at the nonprofit sector reveals that precarity operates at various levels, the: 1) nonprofit labour force; 2) organization structure and operation of nonprofit agencies; and, 3) clients and communities serviced by these nonprofit organizations. By observing the workings of precarity in this sector, precarity is revealed to be far more than an employment based phenomenon but also a force that negatively impacts organizational structures as well as vulnerable communities.

Licensing Requirements and Occupational Mobility Among Highly Skilled New Immigrants in Canada - Banerjee, Rupa; Phan, Mai (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
In this study, we examine the effect of licensing requirements on the occupational mobility of highly skilled new immigrants in Canada using longitudinal data. We find that immigrants who worked in regulated professions in their home country, but unregulated fields in Canada, experienced significantly greater occupational downgrading than those who worked in unregulated professions prior to migration. Immigrants who worked in regulated fields in their home country who were able to find work in regulated fields in Canada did not experience any occupational downgrading after migration. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; Licensing; Migration; Occupational mobility; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies

The Scarecrow on the Other Side of the Pond: The Paris Commune of 1871 in the Canadian Press - Bargain-Villéger, Alban (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article explores Canadian press coverage of the Paris Commune movement in France in 1871. Emphasis is given to the moral aspects of the insurrection in relation to Canadian nationhood and the political development of Canadian Confederation. The author examines newspaper accounts on topics such as the separation of church and state, the appropriation of church property, and the social behavior of women. Other topics include the differences between Anglophone and Francophone newspapers, the popularization of socialism, and moral condemnation.
Keywords: 19th century; COMMUNE; 1871; CONFEDERATION; 1867; Canada; History; MORAL & ethical aspects; MORAL conditions; NATION building; NEWSPAPERS – History; PARIS (France); POLITICAL change; PRESS & politics; Press

The Political Justification of Migrant Workers in Alberta, Canada - Barnetson, Bob; Foster, Jason (Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2014)
Considering a series of oil-driven economic booms, the use of inter-provincial and international migrant labour has become an important part of labour market policy in the Canadian province of Alberta. The increased use of temporary foreign workers is controversial. Narrative analysis of legislators’ statements in the legislature and the press between 2000 and 2011 reveals the government using three narratives to justify policies encouraging greater use of foreign migrant workers: (1) labour shortages require migrant workers, (2) migrants do not threaten Canadian jobs and (3) migrants are not being exploited. Close scrutiny of each narrative demonstrates them to be largely invalid. This suggests a significant disconnect between the real and espoused reasons for the significant changes to labour market policy, changes that advantage employers and disadvantage both Canadian and foreign workers. The findings are relevant to understand the political dynamics of economically related migration.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-013-0292-6
Keywords: Alberta; Canada; Demography; Foreign workers; Migrant workers; Migration; Policy; Population Economics; Sociology; general

Les avocates, les avocats et la conciliation travail-famille - Beaudry, Catherine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Les avocates, les avocats et la conciliation travail-famille," by Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay and Elena Masocva.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

A Small Price to Pay: Consumer Culture on the Canadian Home Front, 1939-45 - Belisle, Donica (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "A Small Price to Pay: Consumer Culture on the Canadian Home Front, 1939-45," by Graham Broad.

Symbols, Self-Interest and Labour Policy Attitudes: Evidence from Saskatchewan - Berdahl, Loleen; White, Stephen; McGrane, David; Atkinson, Michael A. (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
This article examines the determinants of public attitudes towards labour policy. Using public opinion data on labour standards and essential services legislation from a 2011 Saskatchewan survey, it finds that both self-interest factors (employment in the public sector, and union membership) and symbolic political factors (feelings towards the labour movement and partisanship) structure attitudes toward labour policy in Saskatchewan. Interestingly, the evidence indicates that self-interest may actually trump solidarity within the labour movement, as unionized private sector workers are no more likely than the general public to oppose essential services legislation. The results suggest that researchers should pay attention to both self-interest and symbolic political factors when attempting to understand the relationship between public policy and public opinion.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; Labor law; Private sector; Public opinion; Studies; Workers

Small Area Prediction of Proportions with Applications to the Canadian Labour Force Survey - Berg, Emily J.; Fuller, Wayne A. (Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 2014)
A small area procedure for a two-way table of proportions is developed, where the estimated proportions are from a complex survey. Estimation is difficult because the observed proportions do not have multinomial distributions, the observed proportions are correlated with estimated variances, benchmarking is required, and mean models are nonlinear. A predictor based on a nonlinear mixed model is specified for the proportions. No transformation of the observations is involved, and the estimation procedure gives predictions that are in the parameter space. A bootstrap estimator of the mean squared error of a benchmarked predictor is suggested and performed well in simulations. The procedure is applied to the proportions in the two-way table defined by occupations crossed with Canadian provinces. The direct estimators are from the Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS), and the corresponding two-way table from the previous Canadian Census of Population provides auxiliary information. The application of the prediction procedure to the LFS data leads to gains in estimated mean squared errors relative to the direct estimators between approximately 30 percent and 80 percent. A comparison of the predictors to the Census 2006 proportions further supports the suggested procedures.
Keywords: Bootstrap; Labour force survey; Nonlinear mixed model; Small area estimation

Working-Time Configurations: A Framework for Analyzing Diversity Across Countries - Berg, Peter; Bosch, Gerhard; Charest, Jean (ILR Review, 2014)
Working-time practices across the developed world have exploded with diversity during the past few decades. The once standard 8-hour day and 40-hour workweek that emerged and reigned throughout much of the 20th century have given way to an increasing variety of working-time arrangements. Flexible schedules, in which hours can vary daily or weekly, and nonstandard work arrangements, such as fixed term, on-call, temporary, or part-time, are widely used at the workplace. In addition, we have witnessed the growth of zero-hour contracts that make no guarantee to provide workers with weekly working hours or a reliable income, while requiring employees to work on very short notice with very unpredictable schedules; annualized hours contracts that allow for work hours to vary over a year; and working-time accounts that allow employees to bank hours worked over a set weekly standard and to then draw on these accounts for paid time off.

Les effets possibles de la formation sur la productivité : l’apport de données longitudinales - Bernier, Amélie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Cet article analyse les effets possibles des dépenses de formation formelle sur la productivité des entreprises canadiennes. Si certains travaux mesurent l’intensité de la formation en entreprise à partir de données longitudinales, les résultats obtenus demeurent partagés. Les différences observées dans les résultats antérieurs peuvent être expliquées notamment par les données disponibles, le type de formation, la mesure de formation et les biais techniques influençant cette relation. Cette recherche s’appuie essentiellement sur la théorie du capital humain.Notre étude s’appuie sur les données de l’Enquête sur les milieux de travail et les employés (EMTE) de Statistique Canada de 1999 à 2005, auprès d’un échantillon de 1621 emplacements où, nous modélisons la relation entre la formation et la productivité à l’aide d’une fonction de production Cobb-Douglas, en intégrant les investissements en capital physique et une variable technologique. Ceci nous permet de montrer que les dépenses de formation contribuent à accroître la performance des établissements, via la productivité, de façon progressive dans le temps. Ces dépenses effectuées au cours d’une année donnée influent significativement sur la productivité jusqu’à trois années plus tard, là où elles atteignent leur maximum d’effet, pour se stabiliser par la suite. Toutefois, ces résultats permettent de soulever un paradoxe : celui de la rentabilité observée des dépenses de formation d’un côté, mais, de l’autre, l’hésitation du monde des affaires à investir en cette matière pour leurs propres employés. Nos résultats suggérent également que les investissements en formation au sein des entreprises devraient être considérés davantage comme un atout, plutôt qu’une simple obligation financière à l’appui d’une stratégie globale de développement des compétences au sein des entreprises.
Keywords: Canadian firms; capital humain; capital humano; empresas canadienses; entreprises canadiennes; formación formal; formal training; formation formelle; human capital; productividad; productivity; productivité

Repenser la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise : l'École de Montréal - Bettache, Mustapha (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Repenser la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise : l'École de Montréal by Corinne Gendron and Bernard Girard is reviewed.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions

When Is an Employee a Fiduciary? - Bever, Aline Van (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This paper provides a discussion and analysis of the situations in which an employee will be found to stand in the position of a fiduciary vis-a-vis his or her employer, and therefore be under an obligation to act solely in the employ- er's interests, Focusing on the English common law, with comparisons to the Canadian as well as the American and Australian law, the author notes that the employment relationship has not been viewed as inherently fiduciary, even though there is broad acceptance of the principle that an employee owes to the employer duties of trust, confidence and fidelity. However, an employee will be characterized as a fiduciary in two fairly exceptional circumstances: where the employee acts as the employer's agent, or where a fiduciary obligation is implicit in the terms of the employment contract or, alternatively, in the employ- ee's position, powers and responsibilities. With respect to the latter category, some courts have affixed fiduciary responsibility not only where the employee was a de facto director or member of top management, or was otherwise "key" to the enterprise, but also where the employer was said to be "vulnerable" to the employee's misuse of his or her position - an approach which the author criticizes as being too broad in its application to rank-and-file employees. More generally, the author maintains that it is the particular facts underlying an employment relationship, not the existence of the relationship itself that may give rise to fiduciary duties on the part of the employee, and that even high-level or senior employees should be not be considered fiduciaries unless their employ- ment contract or explicitly assigned duties justify such a finding.

Power from the North: Territory, Identity, and the Culture ofHydroelectricityin Quebec - Blad, Cory (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Power from the North: Territory, Identity, and the Culture ofHydroelectricityin Quebec," by Caroline Desbiens.
Keywords: 1960-; DESBIENS; Caroline; HYDROELECTRIC power plants; History; Nonfiction; POWER From the North: Territory; Identity & the Culture of Hydroelectricity in Quebec (Book); QUEBEC (Province)

Why are Relative Wages of Immigrants Declining? A Distributional Approach - Boudrabat, Brahim; Lemieux, Thomas (ILR Review, 2014)
The authors show that the decline in the relative wages of immigrants in Canada is far from homogeneous across the wage distribution. The well-documented decline in the mean wage gap between immigrants and Canadian-born workers hides a much larger decline at the low end of the wage distribution, while the gap hardly changed at the top end of the distribution. Using standard OLS regressions and unconditional quantile regressions, the authors show that both the changes in the mean wage gap and in the gap at different quantiles are well explained by standard factors such as experience, education, and country of origin of immigrants. Interestingly, an important source of change in the wages of immigrants relative to the Canadian born is the aging of the baby boom generation, which has resulted in a relative increase in the labor market experience, and thus in the wages, of Canadian-born workers relative to immigrants.

Initiation à la négociation collective - Bourque, Reynald (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Review of: Initiation à la négociation collective (2nd edition) by Pierre-Luc Bilodeau et Jean Sexton.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Opening Ungava to Industry: A Decentring Approach to Indigenous History in Subarctic Québec, 1937–54 - Boutet, Jean-Sébastien (Cultural Geographies, 2014)
This article examines the period leading up to the establishment of the Schefferville iron mine in subarctic Québec, Canada, with a focus on the years 1937–54. The beginning of iron ore mining at Schefferville was a decisive moment in the growth of the modern Québec state, opening the way for the industrial exploitation of the province’s natural resources – mineral and otherwise – in the hinterland. Relying on oral and written sources, the research emphasizes the roles and actions of Innu individuals during this phase of development conducted by exploration companies and the Iron Ore Company of Canada at the heart of their ancestral homeland. If the early mining experience at Schefferville evolved largely to the detriment of the Indigenous communities inhabiting the region, a decentring approach to ethnohistory in the context of industrial colonialism reveals that the Innu also worked to determine their own engagement with the mining world, adjusting and maintaining their practices on the land while participating in the wage labour economy.
Keywords: Decentring; Indigenous Peoples; Industrial colonialism; Industrialization; Innu; Iron Ore Company of Canada; Iron ore mining; Mines & mineral resources; Nord-du-Quebec (Quebec); Oral history; Ore deposits; Schefferville; Subarctic Québec

The Wages of Relief: Cities and the Unemployed in Prairie Canada, 1929-39 - Brennan, J. William (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "The Wages of Relief: Cities and the Unemployed in Prairie Canada, 1929-39," by Eric Strikwerda.
Keywords: Canada; History; Nonfiction; Prairie Provinces; STRIKWERDA; Eric; Unemployed; WAGES of Relief: Cities & the Unemployed in Prairie Canada 1929-1939; The (Book)

The Ideological and Organizational Origins of the United Federation of Teachers' Opposition to the Community Control Movement in the New York City Public Schools, 1960-1968 - Brier, Stephen (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article discusses the 1968 United Federation of Teachers (UFT) strike in New York City public schools in relation to the community control movement in New York City schools. Topics include UFT leader Albert Shanker's fears of anti-Semitism among New York City blacks who supported community control, educational innovations by black and Puerto Rican activists, and the impact of teacher professionalization on parent-teacher relations.
Keywords: AFRICAN Americans – Relations with Jews; COMMUNITY & school; History; NEW York (State); PARENT-teacher relationships; SHANKER; Albert; STRIKES & lockouts; STRIKES & lockouts – Teachers; TEACHERS & community; UNITED Federation of Teachers; United States

Strategies to Support Equality Bargaining Inside Unions: Representational Democracy and Representational Justice - Briskin, Linda (Journal of Industrial Relations, 2014)
The article examines two internal union strategies for improving equality bargaining. The first, representational democracy (RD), highlights the demographic profile of women’s participation in collective bargaining (CB). The discussion presents the existing, albeit imperfect, data on women’s participation. It supports the continuing importance of the gender profiles of negotiators, but also considers the limits of RD via an exploration of essentialism, critical mass and gender composition. It concludes that RD is a limited proxy for voice, and, given the individualism inherent in its claims, an imperfect vehicle for collective agency. The paper then develops the concept of representational justice (RJ), which speaks to collective mechanisms which ensure that women’s interests are represented; in effect, a move from individual equality champions to vehicles for championing equality. As one means to such an end, the article argues for building formal and constitutionalized links between CB and union equality structures. Highlighting internal union strategies to support equality bargaining complements the widespread focus on the substantive issues on the bargaining agenda and takes the discussion of equality bargaining in new directions. Certainly, this approach underscores the importance of unions linking struggles around diversity, equality and representation inside unions to the CB process and agenda.
Keywords: Equality bargaining; Gender; Unions; representational democracy; representational justice

Beyond Exploitation and Trafficking: Canadian Critical Perspectives on Sex Work - Brock, Deborah; Teixeira, Robert (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "Selling Sex: Experience, Advocacy, and Research on Sex Work in Canada," edited by Emily van der Meulen, Elya M. Durisin, and Victoria Love; "Sex Work: Rethinking the Job, Respecting the Workers," by Colette Parent, Chris Bruckert, Patrice Corriveau, Maria Nengeh Mensah, and Louise Toupin; and "From Bleeding Hearts to Critical Thinking: Exploring the Issue of Human Trafficking," edited by Kamala Kempadoo and Darja Davydova.
Keywords: BRUCKERT; Chris; CORRIVEAU; Patrice; DAVYDOVA; Darja; DURISIN; Elya M.; FROM Bleeding Hearts to Critical Thinking: Exploring the Issue of Human Trafficking (Book); KEMPADOO; Kamala; LOVE; Victoria; MENSAH; Maria Nengeh; 1967-; Nonfiction; PARENT; Colette; SELLING Sex: Experience; Advocacy & Research on Sex Work in Canada (Book); SEX Work: Rethinking the Job; Respecting the Workers (Book); TOUPIN; Louise; VAN der Meulen; Emily; 1977-

Introduction - Bryden, P. E. (Penny Elizabeth); James, Matt (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Introduces 10 papers given at a roundtable, entitled History Under Harper, that was convened by the Canadian history and political science associations. Takes note of the royalist and militarist overtones of Prime Minister Stephen Harper's efforts to shape Canadian national identity, such as the unprecedented anniversary celebration of the War of 1812, as well as the Conservative government's decision to conduct a thorough review of the teaching of history in primary and postsecondary institutions.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; Canada; History; Nationalism; Study & teaching

What Accounts for the Union Member Advantage in Voter Turnout? Evidence from the European Union, 2002-2008 - Bryson, Alex; Gomez, Rafael; Kretschmer, Tobias; Willman, Paul (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Across countries, union membership and voter turnout are highly correlated. In unadjusted terms union members maintain a roughly 0.10 to 0.12 point gap in voting propensity over non-members. We propose a model – with three causal channels – that explains this correlation and then empirically tests for the contribution of each channel to the overall union voting gap. The first channel through which union members are more likely to vote is through the so-called "monopoly face" of unionism whereby unions increase wages for members and higher incomes are a significant positive determinant of voting. The second is the "social custom" model of unionism whereby co-worker peer pressure creates incentives for union members to vote alongside fellow members. The third channel is based on the "voice face" of unionism whereby employees who are (or have been) exposed to collective bargaining and union representation at the workplace are also more likely to increase their attachment to democratic engagement in society at large. We test to see how much of the raw "union voting gap" is accounted for by these three competing channels using data from 29 European countries. We find that all three channels are at work, with the voice accounting for half of the overall gap and the other two channels (monopoly face and social custom) each accounting for approximately a quarter of the overall union voting gap.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Correlation analysis; Labor Unions; Studies; Unionization; Voters; Voting

Wrestling with Democracy: Voting Systems as Politics in the Twentieth-Century West - Bullock, Ian (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Wrestling with Democracy: Voting Systems as Politics in the Twentieth-Century West," by Dennis Pilon.

Progressive Education: Revisioning and Reframing Ontario's Public Schools, 1919-1942 - Buri, George (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Progressive Education: Revisioning and Reframing Ontario's Public Schools, 1919-1942," by Theodore Michael Christou.
Keywords: 20th century; CHRISTOU; Theodore Michael; Canada; EDUCATIONAL change; History; Nonfiction; PROGRESSIVE Education: Revisioning & Reframing Ontario's Public Schools 1919-1942 (Book); PROGRESSIVE education – History

Writing Unemployment: Worklessness, Mobility, and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century Canadian Literatures - Butler, Nancy (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Writing Unemployment: Worklessness, Mobility, and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century Canadian Literatures," by Jody Mason.

Le prêt de main-d’oeuvre : un dispositif innovant au service des territoires - Calamel, Ludivine; Gallego-Roquelaure, Virginie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Licenciements, restructurations et fermetures d’usines demeurent, dans le présent contexte de crise économique, au coeur de l’actualité. Cet environnement turbulent a des conséquences sur l’emploi local. C’est dans ce récent contexte de crise, menaçant l’emploi et les entreprises, que certaines organisations se sont emparées d’un dispositif de gestion des ressources humaines innovant : la mise à disposition de salariés (MAD). Ce dispositif vise à sauvegarder l’emploi local ainsi qu’à accroître le panel de compétences des salariés en bénéficiant. Il implique diverses organisations ayant pour but principal d’éviter les licenciements et de favoriser l’acquisition de nouvelles compétences pour les salariés y participant. Le prêt de main-d’oeuvre suppose que l’entreprise prêteuse ne facture à l’entreprise utilisatrice que la stricte valeur des salaires versés au salarié pendant la mise à disposition, des charges sociales afférentes, ainsi que, s’il y a lieu, des frais professionnels remboursés à l’intéressé au titre de la mise à disposition. Il s’agit d’un dispositif d’entraide à but non lucratif, généralement privilégié lorsque les entreprises ont des relations de proximité : géographique, dès lors que les acteurs sont localisés sur un même espace, mais aussi socio-économique, dès lors que les acteurs développent des relations. Trois pôles de compétitivité Rhône-Alpin ont été étudiés, dans lesquels l’utilisation de prêt de main-d’oeuvre entre organisations privées et centre de recherche public a été mise à profit. La grille de lecture utilisée correspond à la démarche analytique de l’économie de la proximité (Bouba-Olga et Grossetti, 2008). Nous nous attachons à répondre à la problématique suivante : dans quelles conditions la proximité permet-elle de construire des formules innovantes de GRH inter-organisationnelles, telles que le prêt de main-d’oeuvre ? Les résultats montrent que la proximité, qu’elle soit géographique ou socio-économique, permet de construire des dispositifs de GRH inter-organisationnelle innovants tels que la mise à disposition de salariés.
Keywords: clusters; economy of proximity; economía de proximidad; empleo; emploi; employment; labour loan; mise à disposition de salariés; polo de competencia; puesta en disponibilidad de empleados; pôle de compétitivité; économie de la proximité

Recent Studies in Canadian Labour History from the Great Depression into the 21st Century - Camfield, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "Raising the Workers’ Flag: The Workers’ Unity League of Canada, 1930–1936," by Stephen Endicott; "Labour Goes to War: The CIO and the Construction of a New Social Order, 1939–1945," by Wendy Cuthbertson; "Our Union: UAW/CAW Local 27 from 1950 to 1990," by Jason Russell; and "Union Power: Solidarity and Struggle in Niagara," by Carmela Patrias and Larry Savage.
Keywords: CUTHBERTSON; Wendy; ENDICOTT; Stephen; LABOUR Goes to War: The CIO & the Construction of a New Social Order 1939-1945 (Book); Nonfiction; OUR Union: UAW/CAW Local 27 From 1950 to 1990 (Book); RAISING the Workers' Flag: The Workers' Unity League of Canada 1930-1936 (Book); RUSSELL; Jason

Erosion and Renewal of Professional Powers in Public Sector Employment: The Role of Occupational Community - Campbell, Shelagh (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
This paper describes a case study of a particular form of knowledge worker, lawyers and their efforts to achieve collective bargaining. Within self-regulated professions like law, the professional regulatory body controls much of the labour process and defines the body of professional knowledge. Apprenticeships, such as clinical locums in medicine and articles in law, play an important role in the transfer of labour process norms. However, more and more professionals seek employment in large organizations where the autonomy historically enjoyed by the self-employed worker and crafted in the confines of mentorships is increasingly subject to bureaucratic and administrative controls. In large employment settings rules and policies may interfere with workers' exercise of professional discretion and full utilization of their knowledge. The result of the erosion of traditional labour process power under bureaucratic forms of organization leads professionals to seek alternate forms of control. Many turn to collective bargaining as a means to wrest back control over the application of discretionary judgment from large, often public sector, employers.
Keywords: Attorneys; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Collective bargaining; Employment; Labor Unions; Professionals; Public sector; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies

Collective Bargaining in the Canadian Public Sector, 1978–2008: The Consequences of Restraint and Structural Change - Campolieti, Michele; Hebdon, Robert; Dachis, Benjamin (British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2014)
We study public-sector bargaining and contract outcomes using Canadian data from 1978 to 2008. We have a number of interesting results, but our principal findings are from our analysis of wage settlements. We find that the essential services designation, which only allows non-essential members of a bargain unit to strike, is associated with decreases in wages. Our estimates also suggest that there is an arbitration wage premium and that making adjustments to the ability to pay criterion used by arbitrators to determine awards does not affect this premium. We also discuss the implications of our estimates.

The Impact of Collective Bargaining Legislation on Strike Activity and Wage Settlements - Campolieti, Michele; Hebdon, Robert; Dachis, Benjamin (Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 2014)
We examine the effects of collective bargaining legislation, such as (among others) bans on replacement workers and reinstatement rights, on private sector strike activity and wage settlements using Canadian data from 1978 to 2008. Our estimates indicate that this legislation does not have a statistically significant effect on the incidence of strikes. However, we do find that some of the policy variables have a statistically significant effect on strike duration and wage settlements.

'Greening work' in Lean Times: The Amalgamated Transit Union and Public Transit. - Carey, Jeffrey; Tufts, Steven (Alternate Routes, 2014)
This paper examines the Amalgamated Transit Union’s (ATU) discussion of environmental issues since the mid 1980s. We explore the trialectic relationship between capital, labour and nature in Canada’s public transit unions, primarily through the lens of labour geography. In a review of union documents and Canadian newspapers we find the state uses the environment as a wedge issue in its ‘war or position’ with unions, representing workers’ strike actions as harmful to the environment and the community. The state’s positioning of ATU members as crucial to both the functioning of communities and environmental sustainability lends itself to counter-hegemonic campaign strategies. We examine a recent campaign by Toronto’s ATU Local 113 entitled “Protecting What Matters” as a local union’s community and environmental strategies during a period of austerity. The paper concludes with lessons learned from a labour geography perspective and calls for a more community based approach to resistance.
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=dd9bbc468a425f8d3f9062a1e579aae6a393a6a9#page=208

Drawn to Change: Comics and Critical Consciousness - Carleto, Sean (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article discusses the relation of comic books and graphic novels to academic research and political activism. Topics include educational theorist Paulo Freire's notion of conscientization, "The 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book," written and illustrated by Gord Hill, and "Shift in Progress: A Not-So-Comic Book," by J. D. Gysbers and M. von Gaza. The comic book "A People's History of American Empire," by Howard Zinn with Paul Buhle and Mike Konopacki is noted.
Keywords: 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book; The (Book); COMIC books; strips; etc. – Political aspects; FREIRE; Paulo; 1921-1997; HILL; Gord; KONOPACKI; Mike; PEOPLE'S History of the American Empire; A (Book); SHIFT in Progress: A Not-So-Comic Book (Book); ZINN; Howard; 1922-2010

Expose/Oppose/Propose: The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives and the Challenge of Alternative Knowledge - Carroll, William K.; Huxtable, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This case study explores some of the strategies, challenges, and paradoxes of producing and mobilizing alternative knowledge in the prosecution of a “war of position" against neoliberal hegemony. Since its founding in 1980, the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (CCPA) has become the key labour-supported “think tank” of the left in Canada, contributing to the process of social democratization by acting as a collective organic intellectual for a wide range of oppositional groups and networks that, we suggest, make up a social democratic community of practice. The CCPA has developed a number of strategies aimed at democratizing knowledge production, perhaps unique in the context of Canadian policy groups. Nonetheless, it faces a number of challenges in following through with these strategies and potential paradoxes in simultaneously engaging both the mainstream (general public and policymakers) and the various counterpublics that make up its community of practice.
Keywords: Canada; Mass media; Neoliberalism; ORGANIZATIONAL legitimacy; RESEARCH institutes; Social change; Social policy

Resisting Precarity in Toronto's Municipal Sector: The Justice and Dignity for Cleaners Campaign - Carson, Jenny; Siemiatycki, Myer (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
This paper examines a relative rarity in recent Canadian labour-state relations: the successful resistance by public sector workers and their allies to government-driven employment precarity. At stake was Toronto mayor Rob Ford's determination to contract out a thousand jobs held by city cleaners. In response, the cleaners and the city's labour movement launched a Justice and Dignity for Cleaners campaign to preserve these jobs as living wage employment. Effective coalition building behind a morally compelling campaign, together with some fortuitous political alignments, has forestalled city efforts to privatize a significant yet undervalued segment of the workforce. Our examination of the Justice and Dignity for Cleaners campaign reveals that resistance to precarity is not futile, notwithstanding some attendant ambiguity of what constitutes a labour victory.

The Destruction Of The "House": Changing Social Relations In A Restructured Factory - Castleton, Alexander; Routh, Supriya (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
For the purpose of trade union renewal, it is suggested that trade unions need to convert themselves from being institutions centred on employer-employee relations to open source ones engaged with broader social justice issues. In this article, we offer two elements to the debate on trade union revival: first, we focus on two rapidly emerging economies with a corporatist and state-centered union structure (i.e., Brazil and India); second, in the context of these two countries, we challenge the idea that informal workers are a burden for trade union organizations. We consider the possible contributions that informal workers could make towards the renewal of trade unions in these two countries. We argue that trade unions could take advantage of these contributions if they overcome the employee horizon, which originated in Western countries and excludes millions of workers from its purview in Brazil and India. We propose the concept of "homo faber" as a new horizon for trade union organization, which is inclusive of both formal as well as informal workers.

Weavers of Dreams, Unite! Actors' Unionism in Early Twentieth-Century America - Chansky, Dorothy (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Weavers of Dreams, Unite! Actors' Unionism in Early Twentieth-Century America," by Sean P. Holmes.

Rethinking the Impact of the Harper Government on Canadian History: It's Our Fault Too - Chapnick, Adam (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Argues that academic historians should accept some of the responsibility for the cuts to heritage institutions under the Harper government. Urges historians to make changes to their teaching and publishing, including the reward system for publication, as well as to the curriculum design for history in the public school system.
Keywords: Canada; HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; HISTORY & politics; HISTORY – Popular works; History; PSYCHOLOGY of learning; PUBLIC history; Study & teaching; TEACHING – Methodology

Équité en emploi - Équité salariale - Charest, Éric (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Équité en emploi - Équité salariale, by Marie-Josée Legault, is reviewed.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

The Broken Table: The Detroit Newspaper Strike and the State of American Labor - Cohen, Nicole S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "The Broken Table: The Detroit Newspaper Strike and the State of American Labor," by Chris Rhomberg.

Labor and Austerity in Québec: Lessons from the Maple Spring - Collombat, Thomas (Labor Studies Journal, 2014)
During the Spring of 2012, Québec experienced one of the most important social movements of its contemporary history. The Maple Spring started as a student protest against tuition fee hikes but ended up as a much broader social upheaval against austerity and the authoritarianism of the provincial government. This article investigates the role and position of the labor movement during the Maple Spring. It argues that the events of the Maple Spring demonstrate how the Québec labor movement was put under pressure by the politics of austerity and revealed its internal contradictions. More broadly, this article makes the case for a dialectical approach to understanding the labor movement that takes into consideration its internal diversity and tensions.

Dialing it in: A Missed Opportunity Regarding the Strategic Use of Telework? - Cooke, Gordon B.; Chowhan, James; Cooper, Tom (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
We assessed the degree of alignment of organizational strategies with telework using Statistics Canada's 2005 Workplace and Employee Survey data. We consider telework to be 'employee-oriented' when an employee works at home to address his and her family-related or personal wants or needs, and 'employer-oriented' otherwise. We found that employers focusing on innovation were significantly more likely to use both types of telework, with greater emphasis on employee-oriented telework, whereas employers favouring an involvement strategy were somewhat less likely to use either type of telework. We did not find a statistical relationship between a cost containment strategy and telework. Overall, the results suggested that employers are not universally aligning the implementation of the two types of telework with their organizational strategies.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Correlation analysis; Cost control; Labor Unions; Organization development; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies; Telecommuting

Wildlife, Conservation, and Conflict In Quebec: 1840-1914 - Côté, Gaston (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Wildlife, Conservation, and Conflict In Quebec: 1840-1914," by Darcy Ingram.
Keywords: History; INGRAM; Darcy; Nonfiction; QUEBEC (Province); WILDLIFE conservation; WILDLIFE; Conservation & Conflict in Quebec 1840-1914 (Book)

Un salariat au-delà du salariat ? - D'Amours, Martine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Review of: Un salariat au-delà du salariat ? by Marie-Christine Bureau and Antonella Corsani .
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Economic Integration of Pre-WWI Immigrants from the British Isles in the Canadian Labour Market - Dean, Jason; Dilmaghani, Maryam (Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2014)
This article provides new evidence on the economic assimilation of immigrants from the British Isles in Canada during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Using data from the 1901 and 1911 censuses and a pseudo-cohort methodology, we estimate both entry and assimilation effects. We find a non-negligible decline in entry earnings among successive cohorts of British and Irish immigrants, previously overlooked in the literature. Our estimates also reveal that the economic performance for Irish and older British arrival cohorts was better than previously reported. Overall, slow economic assimilation and sparse occupational mobility of immigrants have been a long-standing issue in the Canadian labour market.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-014-0399-4
Keywords: British; Economic assimilation; Immigration; Irish; Pseudo-cohort approach

Conditions de travail et maintien en emploi des seniors : enjeux d’un « décloisonnement » des approches et des pratiques : Quelques enseignements issus de monographies d’entreprises françaises - Delgoulet, Catherine; Volkoff, Serge; Caron, Laurent; Caser, Fabienne; Jolivet, Annie; Théry, Laurence (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
La France, comme de nombreux pays occidentaux, est confrontée depuis trente ans à un vieillissement de sa population en général, et de sa population active en particulier. Dans une optique d’équilibre des systèmes de retraite, des directives de l’Union Européenne, déclinées dans chaque pays sous forme d’accords ou plans nationaux, ont eu pour objectif répété de reculer l’âge de départ en retraite et de promouvoir l’emploi des salariés les plus âgés. Les enquêtes menées jusqu’ici montrent cependant que les attitudes et les pratiques des entreprises n’évoluent pas rapidement et qu’il est judicieux de considérer les conditions de travail comme un des vecteurs du maintien en emploi des seniors.Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude empirique menée en France, à la demande du Conseil d’Orientation des Conditions de Travail (COCT), auprès de treize entreprises de taille et secteur d’activité variés qui ont inscrit dans leur plan ou accord « seniors » des dimensions relatives aux conditions de travail. Les monographies ainsi réalisées ont pour objectif d’éclairer les politiques publiques dans la perspective d’une démarche compréhensive favorisant une approche intégrée de la question du maintien en emploi des seniors. Elles permettent de pointer les limites mêmes des catégorisations que l’on pourrait tenter (« seniors », « conditions de travail », etc.) et les risques de cloisonnement associés. Elles permettent aussi de préciser la vitalité de démarches décloisonnées, leurs retombées, et les enseignements que l’on peut en tirer pour les politiques publiques.
Keywords: Public policy; accords nationaux; acuerdos nacionales; demografía; demographics; démographie; ergonomics; ergonomie; ergonomía; experiencias interesantes; expériences intéressantes; interesting experiments; national agreements; politiques publiques; políticas públicas

Gérer des compétences : une instrumentation en contexte, modélisation fondée sur l’étude de cas - Delobbe, Nathalie; Gilbert, Patrick; Le Boulaire, Martine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
RésuméAujourd’hui largement diffusée, la gestion des compétences continue à faire face à trois questions fondamentales. D’abord, celle de la pertinence de son instrumentation : les outils de gestion des compétences restent critiqués pour leur réductionnisme, leur rapide obsolescence et leur manque de fiabilité. Ensuite, celle de son désajustement organisationnel : les pratiques de gestion des compétences semblent souvent faire abstraction des spécificités des contextes organisationnels dans lesquels elles émergent. Enfin, celle de son articulation stratégique : comment comprendre et gérer le lien entre les pratiques de gestion des compétences centrées sur l’individu et un pilotage stratégique de l’entreprise fondé sur ses compétences-clés ? En réponse à ces questions, cette contribution vise à mettre en évidence des configurations cohérentes d’instruments, de contextes organisationnels et de finalités stratégiques susceptibles de sous-tendre les dispositifs de gestion des compétences. L’analyse repose sur sept études de cas menées dans des entreprises contrastées, publiques ou privées et de tailles diverses.L’analyse comparative des cas fait émerger quatre modèles distincts de gestion des compétences : 1- un modèle de la normalisation centré sur des comportements partagés à large échelle et visant l’homogénéisation culturelle; 2- un modèle de la polyvalence permettant l’allocation flexible des ressources humaines au sein d’un périmètre d’activité; 3- un modèle du talent individuel faisant des qualités et aptitudes personnelles génériques la clé de la performance individuelle et collective; 4- et, enfin, un modèle de l’expertise centré sur la maîtrise de compétences techniques complexes et la livraison de prestations à haute valeur ajoutée. Cette modélisation permet de resituer les pratiques de gestion des compétences dans leur contexte organisationnel. Elle clarifie la valeur ajoutée qu’un système de gestion des compétences peut apporter à la réalisation d’une stratégie d’entreprise. Enfin, les choix opérationnels faits dans la construction des référentiels de compétences peuvent être compris et réfléchis à la lumière du modèle retenu., SummaryIt is widely accepted that competency-based management continues to face three acute issues. The first concerns the relevance of its toolkit: competency-based management tools continue to be criticized for their reductionism, rapid obsolescence and lack of reliability. The second issue concerns its organizational maladjustment: competency-based management practices often seem to ignore the specificities of the contexts from which they emerge. Finally, the third issue pertains to its strategic articulation: how to understand and manage the link between competency-based management practices that are centred on the individual and the strategic management of the company based on its core competences? In responding to these issues, this paper aims to highlight the mechanisms, organizational contexts and strategic objectives that are likely to underpin competency-based management practices. The analysis is based on seven case studies conducted within contrasting companies: public and private, and of various sizes.Comparative analysis of these cases allows four distinct competency-based management models to emerge: 1- a standardized model centred around behaviours that are shared on a wide scale and aimed at cultural homogenization; 2- a polyvalent model that allows for the flexible allocation of human resources within an area of activity; 3- an individual talent model that makes generic personal skills and aptitudes the key to individual and collective performance; 4- and, finally, an expertise model centred around technically complex competencies and the delivery of high value-added services. This modelling enables us to situate competency-based management practices in their organizational context. It clarifies the added value that a competency-based management system can bring to the realization of a corporate strategy. Finally, the operational choices that are made in the building of competencies frameworks can be understood and considered in the light of the chosen model., ResumenAmpliamente difundido en este momento, la gestión de competencias continúa de hacer frente a tres cuestiones fundamentales. Primero, la pertinencia de su instrumentación: los útiles de gestión de competencias siguen siendo criticados por su reduccionismo, su rápida obsolescencia y su falta de fiabilidad. Segundo, su desajuste organizacional: las prácticas de gestión de competencias parecen hacer abstracción de manera frecuente de las especificidades de los contextos organizacionales dentro de los cuales éstas emergen. Por último, su articulación estratégica: ¿cómo comprender y dirigir el vínculo entre las prácticas de gestión de competencias centradas en el individuo y un pilotaje estratégico de la empresa basado sobre sus competencias claves? En respuesta a estas cuestiones, esta contribución busca poner en evidencia las configuraciones coherentes de instrumentos, de contextos organizacionales y de finalidades estratégicas susceptibles de servir de base a los dispositivos de gestión de competencias. El análisis reposa en siete estudios de caso llevados a cabo en empresas contrastadas, públicas o privadas y de talla diversa.El análisis comparativo de casos revela cuatro modelos distintos de gestión de competencias: 1- un modelo de la normalización centrado sobre los comportamientos compartidos a gran escala y destinado a la homogenización cultural; 2- un modelo de la polivalencia que permite la asignación flexible de recursos humanos dentro de un perímetro de actividad; 3- un modelo del talento individual que convierte las cualidades y aptitudes personales genéricas en la clave del rendimiento individual y colectivo; 4- y, por último, un modelo de pericia centrado en el control de competencias técnicas complejas y la prestaciones de servicios de alto valor agregado. Esta modelización permite de resituar las prácticas de gestión de competencias en su contexto organizacional. Esto clarifica el valor agregado que un sistema de gestión de competencias puede aportar a la realización de una estrategia de empresa. Para terminar, las decisiones operacionales adoptadas en la construcción de referenciales de competencias pueden ser comprendidas y esclarecidas con el modelo retenido.
Keywords: Competency-based management; Gestion des compétences; Gestión de competencias; HR strategy; approches configurationnelle et contingente; configurational and contingent approaches; contexte organisationnel; contexto organizacional; enfoques configuracional y contingente; estrategia de RH; human resources (HR); instrumentación; instrumentation; organizational context; recursos humanos (RH); ressources humaines (RH); stratégie RH

After Civil Rights: Racial Realism in the New American Workplace - Deslippe, Dennis (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "After Civil Rights: Racial Realism in the New American Workplace," by John D. Skrentny.

Land and Sea: Environmental History in Atlantic Canada - Devor, Theresa (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Land and Sea: Environmental History in Atlantic Canada," edited by Claire Campbell and Robert Summerby-Murray.
Keywords: ATLANTIC Provinces; CAMPBELL; Claire; History; Human ecology; LAND & Sea: Environmental History in Atlantic Canada (Book); Nonfiction; SUMMERBY-Murray; Robert

Remarks on the Harper Government's Review of History - Dick, Lyle (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Assesses the 2013 resolution of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of significant aspects in Canadian history. Takes note of trends in historiography and comments on the Canadian Historical Association's letter, which called for a balanced and non-partisan approach to the review.
Keywords: CANADA. Parliament. House of Commons. Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage; CANADIAN Historical Association; CULTURAL pluralism in textbooks; Canada; HISTORY & politics; HISTORY – Study & teaching – Standards; Historiography; History; Study & teaching

Too Asian: Racism, Privilege, and Post-Secondary Education - Dillabough, Jo-Anne (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Too Asian: Racism, Privilege, and Post-Secondary Education," ed. by Jeet Heer, Michael C.K. Ma, Davina Bhandar and R.J. Gilmour.

L'interculturalisme. Un point de vue québécois. - Dionne, Xavier (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "L'interculturalisme. Un point de vue québécois," by Gérard Bouchard.
Keywords: BOUCHARD; Gerard; 1943-; CIVILIZATION; CULTURAL relations; L'INTERCULTURALISME: Un point de vue quebecois (Book); Nonfiction; QUEBEC (Province)

The Last Plague: Spanish Influenza and the Politics of Public Health in Canada - Dooley, Chris (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "The Last Plague: Spanish Influenza and the Politics of Public Health in Canada," by Mark Osborne Humphries.
Keywords: Canada; HUMPHRIES; Mark Osborne; History; INFLUENZA Epidemic; 1918-1919; LAST Plague: Spanish Influenza & the Politics of Public Health in Canada; The (Book); Nonfiction; Public health

Basements and Attics, Closets and Cyberspace: Exploration In Canadian Women's Archives - Douglas, Jennifer (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Basements and Attics, Closets and Cyberspace: Exploration In Canadian Women's Archives," edited by Linda M. Morra and Jessica Schagerl.
Keywords: BASEMENTS & Attics; Closets & Cyberspace: Explorations in Canadian Women's Archives (Book); Canada; MORRA; Linda M.; Nonfiction; SCHAGERL; Jessica; WOMEN'S archives; Women

The Labours of Leisure: Work and Workers at the Annual Encampments of the American Canoe Association, 1880-1910 - Dunkin, Jessica (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The late 19th century witnessed an explosion of interest in canoeing as sport, recreation, and leisure in Canada, the United States, and Britain. One of the enduring legacies of the “canoe boom” was the American Canoe Association (ACA), a transnational organization established in 1880 to “unite all amateur canoeists for the purpose of pleasure, health, or exploration.” Annual meetings were central to realizing this mission. For two weeks in August, hundreds of enthusiasts from Canada and the United States came together to camp out, socialize, and race canoes. The encampments would not have occurred – or at the very least they would have looked drastically different – without the carpenters, cooks, servers, performers, and general labourers the organization hired to do the heavy work of construction, maintenance, and service. In spite of their importance, these workers exist, at best, on the margins of the official accounts of the meets; in most cases, they are altogether ignored. Recovery of this labouring past is difficult, and admittedly fragmentary. However, it is critical to the history of labour and of sport.
Keywords: CAMPS; CANOES & canoeing; CARPENTERS; CLASS relations; COOKS; HOUSEHOLD employees; History; MINORITIES – Employment; SOCIETIES; etc.

Class Formation and Class Identity: Birth, Death, and Possibilities for Renewal - Eidlin, Barry (Sociology Compass, 2014)

Identity Politics: Conservative Style - Eisenberg, Avigail (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Takes note in this concluding commentary of the papers presented and argues that Stephen Harper was not unlike other prime ministers (e.g., the impact of Pierre Trudeau's 1982 Constitution Act) in his attempts to alter symbols and institutions associated with Canada's national identity. Discusses the resistance to Harper's changes at the national level as well as the criticism of Canada by James Anaya, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Concludes that Harper was intent on consolidating a new Conservative power elite.
Keywords: ANAYA; James; CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CANADA. Constitution Act; 1982; CANADA. Parliament. Senate; HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; NATIONAL characteristics; Canadian; SYMBOLISM in politics

Workplace Privacy: Piecing Together Jones, Cole and A.B. V. Bragg: Towards a ‘Proportional’ Model of Shared Accountability - Eltis, Karen (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This paper provides an overview and analysis of three recent decisions on privacy rights by Canada's highest courts, and considers their implications for workplace privacy law, particularly the issue of employer monitoring of employees' e-mail and internet use. In contrast to earlier case law, in which a U.S. -influenced, property-based approach to privacy prevailed, these decisions, in the author's view, signal the emergence of a more meaningful and nuanced conception of workplace privacy. The author further argues that this concep- tion is consistent with a movement (however incremental) towards a model of "privacy self-management" in the workplace, which is characterized by two key principles - proportionality and shared accountability. This model recognizes that, in ensuring a proper measure of privacy protection for employees, work- place parties are under reciprocal affirmative duties. In taking action that may infringe employee privacy, the employer would be required to use means that are rationally related to legitimate business objectives and that are minimally invasive of privacy, as well as to carefully elucidate any applicable policies through the provision of privacy awareness education. Employees, for their part, would be required to accept a share of the responsibility for their own privacy, by clearly indicating to the employer what material or content they consider to be private.

Consuming Modernity: Gendered Behaviour and Consumerism before the Baby Boom - Elvins, Sarah (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Consuming Modernity: Gendered Behaviour and Consumerism before the Baby Boom," ed. by Cheryl Krasnick Warsh and Dan Malleck.

The Lady Doth Protest Too Much, Methinks - The Right to Strike, International Standards and the Supreme Court of Canada - Ewing, K. D. (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This article rejects the claim - maintained, until very recently, before the ILO by the International Organisation of Employers (JOE) - that the right to strike is not protected by international law. The author notes that in advan- cing this position, the IDE focused on the interpretation of ILO Convention 87 on freedom of association, which, though it does not specifically address the right to strike, has been read as implicitly including such a right by the ILO's independent Committee of Experts. In his view, regardless of whether or not Convention 87 includes a right to strike, that right is clearly protected by a number of other international law sources, among them the ILO Constitution, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. He also describes how the European Court of Human Rights, in developing a normative basis for the right to strike in recent ground-breaking decisions, has relied on a wide range of treaties, including ILO Convention 87. The author emphasizes that the ques- tion has important implications not only for constitutional litigation in Canada (where both the federal and provincial governments have been criticized by the ILO supervisory bodies for their frequent resort to back-to- work legislation), but for basic labour rights globally (such as in Cambodia, where the recent killing of striking workers has underlined the need for universal standards). The paper concludes with a postscript in which the author reflects on two key developments that occurred shortly before this issue of the CLELJ went to press: the Supreme Court of Canada's recognition, in the Saskatchewan Federation of Labour case, of a right to strike under section 2(d) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms guaranteeing freedom of association; and the concession by the IOE, less than a month after the Supreme Court's decision, that ILO instruments do in fact protect the right to strike.

A Scholarly Tribute to Bettina Bradbury, Feminist Historian of the Family: A Roundtable Discussion - Fahrni, Magda (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Introduces four papers given by former PhD students of Bettina Bradbury at a roundtable on the feminist historian at Brock University in May 2014.
Keywords: BRADBURY; Bettina; FEMINIST historiography

Feminist History in Canada: New Essays on Women, Gender, Work, and Nation - Fahrni, Magda (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Feminist History in Canada: New Essays on Women, Gender, Work, and Nation," edited by Catherine Carstairs and Nancy Janovicek.

Justice organisationnelle, reconnaissance au travail et motivation intrinsèque : résultats d’une étude empirique - Fall, Amar (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Les questions de justice et d’équité dans le management demeurent une préoccupation majeure pour les salariés (Ambrose et Schminke, 2003). Pourtant, en gestion des ressources humaines, l’influence des perceptions de justice organisationnelle sur la motivation intrinsèque au travail, n’a suscité que très peu de recherches (Grenier et al., 2010). Cet article propose justement, d’analyser l’effet différencié des quatre dimensions de la justice organisationnelle sur cette forme de motivation au travail. Il propose aussi de mettre en évidence le rôle de la reconnaissance de la part des supérieurs hiérarchiques dans l’étude de la motivation intrinsèque, mais aussi d’analyser la relation entre la justice et la reconnaissance. Ainsi, le cadre théorique mobilisé dans cette recherche repose sur les apports de la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci et Ryan, 1985), ceux de la théorie de la justice organisationnelle (Greenberg, 1987) et la littérature sur la reconnaissance (Brun et Dugas, 2002).Pour ce faire, un rappel des fondements théoriques permettant d’établir les liens existant entre ces variables a d’abord été réalisé, afin de montrer comment la justice organisationnelle et la reconnaissance de la part des supérieurs hiérarchiques peuvent favoriser la motivation intrinsèque au travail. Ensuite, des analyses de régressions multiples ont permis de présenter les résultats de l’étude empirique réalisée sur une population de 787 salariés venant de divers secteurs d’activités. Fondée ainsi uniquement sur une enquête par questionnaire, cette étude a permis d’analyser les liens qui pouvaient s’opérer entre ces trois concepts. Il s’avère que la perception de justice organisationnelle, notamment dans la distribution des ressources de l’organisation, dans les relations interpersonnelles et dans les informations communiquées, peut avoir une influence positive sur la motivation intrinsèque au travail. Cet impact de la justice organisationnelle sur la motivation intrinsèque au travail peut aussi être fortement renforcé par la reconnaissance de la part des supérieurs hiérarchiques.
Keywords: distributiva; distributive justice; effort; esfuerzo; informacional; informational justice; interpersonal; interpersonal justice; justice distributive; justice informationnelle; justice interpersonnelle; justice procédurale; procedural; procedural justice; trabajo; travail; work

A Response - Faraday, Fay; Tucker, Eric (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
A response from the authors of the book that was reviewed entitled "Constitutional Labour Rights in Canada: Farm Workers and the Fraser Case" is presented. They all shared a commitment to the goal of promoting labour rights for agricultural workers and a belief that constitutional litigation could be a tool through which that objective was advanced. They want the implication of this formulation to be clear: they do not believe that constitutional rights and constitutional litigation were ever or are now the only or even the best means for advancing the struggle for labour rights for farm workers. However, the reality is that laws actively prescribe and sustain a particular balance of power. Laws actively construct relationships of domination/subordination and constrain the space for particular kinds of collective workplace action.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Farmworkers; Labor Unions; Labor relations; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; books

Precarious, Peripheral and Unfree Workers - Fast, Travis (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Constitutional Labour Rights in Canada: Farm Workers and the Fraser Case," by Fay Faraday, Judy Fudge and Eric Tucker.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Democracy; Farmworkers; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

More of a Man: Diaries of a Scottish Craftsman in Mid-Nineteenth Century North America - Ferry, Darren (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "More of a Man: Diaries of a Scottish Craftsman in Mid-Nineteenth Century North America," edited by Andrew C. Holman and Robert B. Kristofferson.
Keywords: 19th century; DIARIES; Foreign Countries; HOLMAN; Andrew C.; History; KRISTOFFERSON; Robert B.; MCILWRAITH; Andrew; MORE of a Man: Diaries of a Scottish Craftsman in Mid-19th Century North America (Book); Nonfiction; SCOTS

Harper's Vision of the Future Requires Reshaping of the Past - Finkel, Alvin (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Argues that Prime Minister Stephen Harper's effort to reshape understandings of history and national identity, such as the $28 million celebration of the War of 1812, is consistent with Conservative government's "illiberal" agenda for the country going forward. Discusses the research strategy of the Canadian Museum of History, which focuses on the world wars and Confederation rather than working people, as well as the government's labour record.
Keywords: Canada; HARPER; Stephen; 1959- – Political & social views; HISTORICAL museums; HISTORY & politics; Historiography; Labor Unions; RIGHT to strike

Privacy: Its Constitution and Vicissitudes - A Half-Century on Privacy, Law and the Contemporary Workplace: New Challenges and Directions - Finkin, Matthew W. (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
Half a century ago, on the verge of the Information Age, the sociologist Edward Shils took the measure of how matters stood with privacy. He argued that privacy was being systematically engulfed by societal elites - government, journalists, business, and social scientists - even as they sought privacy for themselves. He saw a passive populace, indifferent to the intrusion, and a near- total absence of protective law. This essay reflects on what Shils saw from the perspective of a half-century's experience. It argues that the populace is no longer passive, that the public's concern for privacy as consumers has had a rip- ple effect in a concern for privacy in employment. Nor is the law totally absent; but the legislative approach has been piecemeal, attending only to those per- ceived abuses that most strike the public ire. In terms of the common law, in its address to the large lacunae left by legislation, the legal establishment - repre- sented by the American Law Institute - continues to serve as a handmaiden to those business interests that had and would continue to engulf employee privacy.

Work in Cinema: Labor and the Human Condition - Forsyth, Scott (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Work in Cinema: Labor and the Human Condition," ed. by Ewa Mazierska.

From "Canadians First" to "Workers Unite": Evolving Union Narratives of Migrant Workers - Foster, Jason (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The rapid influx of temporary foreign workers (TFWs) into Canada in the early 2000s posed significant challenges to Canadian unions. Using narrative analysis, this paper examines how union leaders constructed narratives about TFWs in the period 2006 to 2012. It finds three temporally sequential narrative arcs: prioritizing of Canadian workers' interests and portrayal of TFWs as employer pawns; TFWs as vulnerable workers needing union advocacy for their employment and human rights; and post-economic crisis conflicted efforts to integrate Canadian and TFW interests. The narrative arcs are shaped by tensions between internal pressures on union leaders and their external contexts. The analysis reveals that union leaders' responsibility to represent members can clash with their broader values of social justice and equality. By linking the contemporary reaction to TFWs to labour's historical approach to immigration and race, the paper also reveals important continuities and interruptions in labour's relationship with migrants.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Immigration; Labor Unions; Overseas employment; Racism; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies

Keeping Canada British: The Ku Klux Klan in 1920s Saskatchewan - Fox, Craig (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Keeping Canada British: The Ku Klux Klan in 1920s Saskatchewan," by James M. Pitsula.

Introducing Workers' Embedded Agency: Insights from the Brazilian Subsidiaries of a Multinational Corporation - Frangi, Lorenzo (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The relevance of subsidiary embeddedness in a macro-institutional environment can in no way overshadow the importance of the micro-political agency of social actors. While some researchers focus on local management's "embedded agency," we focus on a less-developed aspect: workers' "embedded agency." In order to do so, we propose an analytical model that is based on the Varieties of Capitalism model and its subsequent developments, but that also includes the workers as an active agent. This model allows us to observe the institutional resources that workers can actively mobilize. We specifically focus on the characteristics of industrial relations and education institutional sub-systems. We apply the developed analytical model to the case of the Brazilian subsidiaries of a highly global multinational corporation (MNC). More specifically, we discuss three examples of workers' "embedded agency." These bring attention to workers' collective and individual actions as well as intra- and extra-subsidiary mobilization of institutional resources.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Capitalism; Labor Unions; Labor relations; Models; Multinational corporations; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies; Subsidiaries; Workers

From Employee To Homo Faber? Considerations About Union Renewal And Informal Workers In Brazil And India - Frangi, Lorenzo; Routh, Supriya (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
For the purpose of trade union renewal, it is suggested that trade unions need to convert themselves from being institutions centred on employer-employee relations to open source ones engaged with broader social justice issues. In this article, we offer two elements to the debate on trade union revival: first, we focus on two rapidly emerging economies with a corporatist and state-centered union structure (i.e., Brazil and India); second, in the context of these two countries, we challenge the idea that informal workers are a burden for trade union organizations. We consider the possible contributions that informal workers could make towards the renewal of trade unions in these two countries. We argue that trade unions could take advantage of these contributions if they overcome the employee horizon, which originated in Western countries and excludes millions of workers from its purview in Brazil and India. We propose the concept of "homo faber" as a new horizon for trade union organization, which is inclusive of both formal as well as informal workers.

Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea - Fridell, Mara (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea," by Mark Blyth.

Feminist Reflections on the Scope of Labour Law: Domestic Work, Social Reproduction, and Jurisdiction - Fudge, Judy (Feminist Legal Studies, 2014)
Drawing on feminist labour law and political economy literature, I argue that it is crucial to interrogate the personal and territorial scope of labour. After discussing the “commodification” of care, global care chains, and body work, I claim that the territorial scope of labour law must be expanded beyond that nation state to include transnational processes. I use the idea of social reproduction both to illustrate and to examine some of the recurring regulatory dilemmas that plague labour markets. I argue that unpaid care and domestic work performed in the household, typically by women, troubles the personal scope of labour law. I use the example of this specific type of personal service relation to illustrate my claim that the jurisdiction of labour law is historical and contingent, rather than conceptual and universal. I conclude by identifying some of the implications of redrawing the territorial and personal scope of labour law in light of feminist understandings of social reproduction.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10691-014-9256-2

Becoming And Remaining An Independent Union: A Comparative Case Study Of Two University Faculty Unions - Gagnon, Mélanie; Beaudry, Catherine (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
Although workplace unions have many options when it comes to affiliating with a central labour body, some unions decide to remain independent or to disaffiliate after an experience of affiliation. To our knowledge, the literature has not widely examined the reasons behind the decision of some unions to remain independent. Based on a comparative case study of two university faculty unions in Quebec, this article aims to partly fill this gap in analysis. The results show that the particularities of the work of professors and the types of expertise needed to perform their duties influence their choice for union independence.

La négociation d’une entente collective en marge du Code du travail : le cas d’un collège privé - Gagnon, Mélanie; Le Capitaine, Catherine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Cet article, qui prend appui sur une étude de cas menée dans un collège secondaire privé du Québec, s’intéresse à la représentation non syndicale en se penchant sur le processus de négociation d’une entente en marge du régime général. La présente contribution a pour objet de comprendre les motifs pour lesquels un groupe de travailleurs, de concert avec l’employeur, emprunte cette avenue ayant pour dessein la signature d’une entente de travail. Ce cas de représentation non syndicale, étudié à partir d’une diversité de sources de données, met en évidence que le mode de représentation initié par l’employeur s’inscrit dans la thèse de l’évitement syndical.Ainsi, la reconnaissance d’un regroupement d’enseignants et la négociation volontaire de la part de l’employeur sont directement liées au désir d’éviter la syndicalisation. Du côté des enseignants, le choix de demeurer dans un regroupement non reconnu repose essentiellement sur la qualité des relations avec la direction et sur le désir d’avoir un mode de représentation exempt de conflits. Les enseignants sont, dans une large proportion, satisfaits des termes de l’entente de travail, d’autant plus qu’ils bénéficient de plusieurs avantages négociés par le personnel enseignant syndiqué du Québec. Il ressort des résultats que le regroupement n’est pas sous le joug de l’idéologie managériale, mais son pouvoir d’influencer les décisions est plutôt lacunaire. Cette entente, qui ne repose que sur le contexte particulier, la confiance mutuelle et la crainte de syndicalisation, comporte des limites importantes en termes d’application.
Keywords: case study; case study of a private school; collective bargaining; enseignants; estudio de caso; expresión laboral; expression collective des salariés; gentlemen’s agreement; magisterio; negociación colectiva; non-union representation; négociation collective; representación non sindical; représentation non syndicale; teachers; voice; étude de cas

Restoring the Spirit: The Beginnings of Occupational Therapy in Canada, 1890-1930 - Galer, Dustin (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Restoring the Spirit: The Beginnings of Occupational Therapy in Canada, 1890-1930," by Judith Friedland.
Keywords: Canada; FRIEDLAND; Judith; History; Medicine; Nonfiction; OCCUPATIONAL therapy; RESTORING the Spirit: The Beginnings of Occupational Therapy in Canada 1890-1930 (Book)

Transpacific Antiracism: Afro-Asian Solidarity in 20th-Century Black America, Japan, and Okinawa - Gallicchio, Marc (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Transpacific Antiracism: Afro-Asian Solidarity in 20th-Century Black America, Japan, and Okinawa," by Yuichiro Onishi.

State Immunity and Employment Relations in Canada - Garnett, Richard L. (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
Canada's federal State Immunity Act, 1985 grants to foreign states a pre- sumptive immunity from actions in the Canadian courts, subject to important exceptions. One such exception is set out in section 5 of that Act, which applies when the proceedings relate to "commercial activity." This paper argues that Canadian courts and tribunals in labour and employment cases have been incon- sistent in their interpretation of the scope of the exception for commercial activity, and thus in the extent to which they have been prepared to uphold foreign states' claims to immunity. Advocating for what is termed the "liberal" approach, as enunciated in the leading case of Re Canada Labour Code, the author discusses the case law to demonstrate the varying degrees to which this approach has been followed. His preference for the liberal approach, which focuses on the roles and responsibilities of the employee, is informed by a comparative analysis of American, European, and Australian legislation and jurisprudence. Ultimately, it is argued that state immunity in employment cases should generally be restricted to two situations: individual employee claims where the employee is a high-rank- ing diplomat, civil servant or military official with the foreign state; and col- lective employee claims brought against a foreign state employer in a highly sensitive location such as a military base, embassy or consulate.

Les collectivités locales au coeur de l'intégration des immigrants : questions identitaires et stratégies régionales - Gauthier, Carol-Anne (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Review of: Les collectivités locales au coeur de l’intégration des immigrants : questions identitaires et stratégies régionales edited by Michèle Vatz Laaroussi, Estelle Bernier and Lucille Guilbert.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Immigration, Citizenship and Racialization at Work: Unpacking Employment Precarity in Southwestern Ontario - Goldring, Luin; Joly, Marie-Pier (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
This paper examines the relationship between precarious employment, legal status, and racialization. We conceptualize legal status to include the intersections of immigration and citizenship. Using the PEPSO survey data we operationalize three categories of legal status: Canadian born, foreign-born citizens, and foreign-born non-citizens. First we examine whether the character of precarious work varies depending on legal status, and find that it does: Citizenship by birth or naturalization reduces employment precarity across most dimensions and indicators. Next, we ask how legal status intersects with racialization to shape precarious employment. We find that employment precarity is disproportionately high for racialized non-citizens. Becoming a citizen mitigates employment precarity. Time in Canada also reduces precarity, but not for non-citizens. Foreign birth and citizenship acquisition intersect with racialization unevenly: Canadian born racialized groups exhibit higher employment precarity than racialized foreign-born citizens. Our analysis underscores the importance of including legal status in intersectional analyses of social inequality.

Flexible Workplace Practices: Employees' Experiences in Small IT Firms - Gordon, Catherine E. (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
This paper examines how employees experience flexible workplace practices (FWPs), such as flex-time, in the context of small firms. Data are taken from a Canadian study on small information technology (IT) firms that employed between four and 21 individuals. A multiple case study of 17 firms is conducted using web-surveys, semi-structured interviews, case study reports, field notes, and HR policy documents. Results show variable experiences based on whether firms were flexible for employees and whether the workplace culture supported the use of FWPs. The findings suggest that similar and different processes occur in the small firms compared to the large companies often studied in the literature.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Corporate culture; Flexible hours; Labor Unions; Small business; Studies; Work environment; Work life balance

Le Surprésentéisme. Travailler malgré la maladie - Gosselin, Eric (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Le Surprésentéisme. Travailler malgré la maladie," by Denis Monneuse.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

The State of Working America - Gould, Anthony (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The State of Working America, by Lawrence Mishel, Josh Bivens, Elise Gould and Heidi Shierholz, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Central banks; Economic crisis; Employment; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Plutocrats: the Rise and Fall of the New Global Super-Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else - Gould, Anthony M. (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Plutocrats: the Rise and Fall of the New Global Super-Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else, by Chrystia Freeland, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Employment; Freelance; Labor Unions; Middle class

Dominion of Capital: The Politics of Big Business and the Crisis of the Canadian Bourgeoisie, 1914-1947 - Grant, Hugh (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Dominion of Capital: The Politics of Big Business and the Crisis of the Canadian Bourgeoisie, 1914-1947," by Don Nerbas.

What Is a Minimum Wage For? Empirical Results and Theories of Justice - Green, David A. (Canadian Public Policy, 2014)
I undertake a Rawlsian political economy exercise—namely, one in which economic institutions are judged by how well they match principles in theories of distributive justice. I contend that such an exercise is integrally related to empirical economics because most theories of justice emphasize respect, which, in turn, depends on how wages and employment are actually assigned in an economy. I explore these ideas in relation to the minimum wage. This leads to a different emphasis on what minimum wage–related outcomes need study, and to a claim that minimum wage setting is related to standards of fairness.

Along a River. The First French-Canadian Women. - Grenier, Benoît (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Along a River. The First French-Canadian Women," by Jan Noel.
Keywords: ALONG a River: The First French-Canadian Women (Book); Canada; FRENCH-Canadians; History; NOEL; Jan; Nonfiction; Women

Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World - Grenier, Gilles (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World, by Philippe Van Parijs, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Dialects; English as a second language–ESL; Labor Unions; Language policy; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Sociolinguistics

Symposium: Challenges for work and workers in the knowledge economy: Introduction / Défis pour le travail et les travailleurs dans une économie du savoir : Introduction - Haiven, Larry (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Editorial introduction to the articles in the issue. Includes bibliography.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Créer et partager la prospérité. Sortir l'eacute;conomie canadienne de l'impasse - Hanin, Frédéric (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Créer et partager la prospérité. Sortir l'eacute;conomie canadienne de l'impasse, by Diane Bellemare, is reviewed.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

From Sugar to Revolution: Women's Visions of Haiti, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic - Harms, Patricia (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "From Sugar to Revolution: Women's Visions of Haiti, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic," by Myriam J.A. Chancy.

Make it a Green Peace! The Rise of Countercultural Environmentalism - Harter, John-Henry (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Make it a Green Peace! The Rise of Countercultural Environmentalism," by Frank Zelko.

Sunbelt Capitalism: Phoenix and the Transformation of American Politics - Harvey, Sean Parulian (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Sunbelt Capitalism: Phoenix and the Transformation of American Politics," by Elizabeth Tandy Shermer.

Working [on Imperial] Families: Bettina Bradbury's Imperial Re(turn) - Henderson, Jarett (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Discusses Bettina Bradbury's later-career preoccupation with issues of gender, marriage, race, and property in the white-settler societies of the British empire during the 19th century. Also describes Bradbury's influence on the author, who was one of her Ph.D. students and collaborated with her on a publication.
Keywords: BRADBURY; Bettina; Nonfiction; WIFE to Widow: Lives; Laws & Politics in 19th-Century Montreal (Book); WORKING Families: Age; Gender & Daily Survival in Industrializing Montreal (Book)

The Art of the Impossible: Dave Barrett and the NDP in Power, 1972-1975 - Homel, Gene (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "The Art of the Impossible: Dave Barrett and the NDP in Power, 1972-1975," by Geoff Meggs and Rod Mickleburgh.
Keywords: ART of the Impossible: Dave Barrett & the NDP in Power 1972-1975; The (Book); BRITISH Columbia – Politics & government – 20th century; MEGGS; Geoff; MICKLEBURGH; Rod; NEW Democratic Party (Political party : British Columbia) – History – 20th century; Nonfiction

Voice and Whistleblowing in Organizations: Overcoming Fear, Fostering Courage and Unleashing Candour - Hudon, Isabelle (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Voice and Whistleblowing in Organizations: Overcoming Fear, Fostering Courage and Unleashing Candour, edited by Ronald J. Burke and Cary L. Cooper, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Decision making; Labor Unions; Organizational behavior; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Whistleblowing

Implementing a Person-Centered Approach to Human Rights after the Pinto Report: The Need for Further Research Adjudicating Human Rights in the Workplace: After Ontario's Pinto Report, Where Do We Go Next - Hughes, Patricia (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This paper considers what steps must be taken to effectively implement the recommendations of the Pinto Report on reform of Ontario's human rights sys- tem, in a way that will advance a culture of human rights. It does so through the prism of principles set out in the Law Commission of Ontario's frameworks for assessing law, policy and practice in relation to the rights of persons with dis- abilities and the rights of older persons. Applying those frameworks, the author identifies three requirements for measuring whether the human rights system is meeting its goal of achieving greater equality - undertaking research, engaging in consultations, and ensuring that input is fully considered and that outcomes are documented. The latter requirement focuses on several issues which the Pinto Report considered at length, namely, difficulties in accessing the system and the particular problems of access experienced by aboriginal persons, the high number of unrepresented applicants, and the need to facilitate complaints of systemic discrimination. In addition, the author underscores the importance of dealing systematically with discrimination on intersecting grounds. The paper concludes that meeting the needs of applicants and respondents in the human rights system will mean clearly articulating guiding principles, identifying gaps in long-term objectives, and ensuring that a carefully designed process is in place to direct further steps.

Employer Monitoring of Employee Online Activities outside the Workplace: Not Taking Privacy Seriously Privacy, Law and the Contemporary Workplace: New Challenges and Directions - Hunt, Chris; Bell, Corinn (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This paper provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Canadian law governing employer surveillance of employees. Reviewing the arbitral jurisprudence as well as the jurisprudence under federal and provincial privacy legislation, the authors trace the development of a broad convergence in the principles that courts and adjudicators will apply in surveillance cases. That convergence reflects a wide acceptance of what the authors refer to as the reasonableness paradigm - an approach which recognizes that the employ- er's interest in managing the workplace must be balanced, in a proportionate way, against the employees' interest in privacy. The authors point out that the reasonableness paradigm is generally being followed in cases involving video surveillance of employees, both on-site and off-site, and monitoring of employ- ees' computer use at work. However, they emphasize, it is not being followed in the context of employees' off-duty, off site activities online, such as Facebook postings and blogs. The authors challenge the suggestion that those activities are intrinsically "public" rather than private, and that employees who engage in them should essentially be considered to have forfeited any privacy protection. In their view, the values which underpin privacy rights may well be implicated by employees' online activities outside the workplace. Accordingly, they argue, the approach taken in such cases should be brought into line with the principles of reasonableness and balancing usually applied to other types of work- related electronic surveillance.

Neither Temporary, Nor Permanent: The Precarious Employment Experiences of Refugee Claimants in Canada - Jackson, S.; Bauder, H. (Journal of Refugee Studies, 2014)
Although refugee claimants are often portrayed as a drain on Canada’s economic resources, their employment experiences and contributions to the labour market remain under-represented in the literature. This study explores the employment experiences of refugee claimants in Toronto, Canada. Through the lens of refugeeness, it traces the subjective employment trajectories of refugee claimants, as well as the objective forces compromising their employability. Drawing on 17 interviews with refugee claimants, our analysis shows both that refugee claimants face distinct barriers stemming from their precarious legal status, and that refugee claimants’ employability is perceived as shaped by real and ascribed barriers associated with this status. In addition, refugee claimants perceive employment as an expression of belonging and citizenship.
Keywords: employment barriers; employment experiences; refugee claimants

Indigenous Women and Work: From Labor to Activism - Jagodinsky, Katrina (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Indigenous Women and Work: From Labor to Activism," edited by Carol Williams.

Étude des conflits inter-rôles : Les hommes gestionnaires ou professionnels en fonction de leur profil d’engagement dans les rôles de vie - Jean, Eric; Lachance, Lise (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
De nombreuses recherches ont démontré que les individus qui s’engagent dans de multiples rôles de vie s’exposent à des conflits inter-rôles. Selon cette perspective conflictuelle, un engagement marqué et simultané dans plusieurs rôles peut conduire à l’épuisement des ressources individuelles. Une analyse typologique, effectuée auprès de 252 hommes gestionnaires ou professionnels vivant au sein d’un couple à double revenu, fait ressortir trois profils d’engagement dans les rôles de travailleur et de parent. L’un des profils regroupe les hommes ayant un engagement marqué dans les deux rôles, alors que les deux autres profils caractérisent ceux qui présentent un engagement marqué dans un seul de ceux-ci. Les résultats révèlent que les trois profils d’engagement se distinguent sur certaines variables sociodémographiques et socioprofessionnelles, de même que sur le plan des conflits entre le travail et la famille. Contrairement aux attentes, les hommes ayant un engagement marqué pour les rôles de travailleur et de parent ne présentent pas des niveaux de conflits inter-rôles supérieurs à ceux des autres profils. Il semble plutôt qu’un engagement marqué et simultané dans les rôles de travailleur et de parent puisse avoir un effet bénéfique pour l’individu. Ces résultats témoignent de la nécessité de poursuivre les recherches sur les profils d’engagement dans une perspective d’enrichissement et de facilitation des rôles. Les facteurs qui déterminent l’engagement des hommes dans les rôles et la compatibilité des profils d’engagement des conjointes devraient également être approfondis.
Keywords: conciliación trabajo-familia; conciliation travail-famille; family-to-work conflict; fathers; gestionnaires; interferencias de la familia en el trabajo; interferencias del trabajo en la familia; interférences de la famille sur le travail; interférences du travail sur la famille; managers; padres; professionnals; professionnels; pères; work and family interferences; work-to-family conflict

A History of Legal Exclusion: Labour Relations Laws and British Columbia's Agricultural Workers, 1937-1975 - Jensen, Heather (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Access to labour relations legislation is generally seen as a prerequisite to unionization of agricultural workers in Canada. British Columbia is one of eight Canadian provinces that now include agricultural workers in provincial labour relations legislation. But agricultural workers were not always included. Although union organizing and strike activity were not unheard of in BC’s agricultural sector in the 1930s, the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of 1937 excluded agricultural workers. This exclusion followed a larger pattern of excluding agricultural workers from employment-related legislation. Agricultural workers continued to be excluded until the mid-1970s, when the efforts of NDP backbenchers persuaded their own government that agricultural workers ought to be included in provincial collective bargaining laws. As demonstrated in a brief overview of the two campaigns to unionize agricultural workers under BC’s labour relations legislation since 1975, although small numbers of workers have been able to form unions and achieve collective agreements under the legislative protections of the Labour Code, those collective bargaining relationships have thus far proven unstable and often short-lived.
Keywords: AGRICULTURAL laborers – Labor unions – Law & legislation; Agricultural laborers; BRITISH Columbia – Politics & government – 20th century; British Columbia; COLLECTIVE bargaining – Law & legislation; Canada; Collective bargaining; LABOR laws & legislation; LABOR organizing

Canadian Studies: Past, Present, Praxis - Johnson, Amber D. V. A. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Canadian Studies: Past, Present, Praxis," edited by Christl Verduyn and Jane Koustas.
Keywords: CANADA – Study & teaching; CANADIAN Studies: Past; Present; Praxis (Book); KOUSTAS; Jane; Nonfiction; VERDUYN; Christl

Black-Brown Coalition and the Fight for Economic Justice, 1960-1974 - Jones, William P. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Black-Brown Coalition and the Fight for Economic Justice, 1960-1974," by Gordon K. Mantler.

Harper and Non-History - Kealey, Gregory S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Argues that the Conservative government of Stephen Harper is rewriting Canadian history as a propaganda celebration of a "warrior state" while cutting funds for serious historical research.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CITIZENSHIP – Study & teaching; CONSERVATIVE Party of Canada (2003- ); Canada; HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; HISTORY & politics; Historiography

The Relationship between the Internal Labour Market and Transitions from Temporary to Permanent Employment in Korea - Kim, Hyondong; Lee, Dong-Jin (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
This study examines the relationship between internal labour markets (ILMs) and the transition from temporary to permanent employment, particularly following the legislative changes regarding the use of temporary workers in Korea. We test our research model based on data gathered during two different periods from 619 and 616 Korean companies respectively. The results show that ILMs help companies turn temporary employees into permanent ones. Furthermore, environmental dynamism increases the need for temporary workers, which prohibits the transition from temporary to permanent employment, particularly when seniority-based pay is tightly implemented within a firm. The effects of ILMs on the transition from temporary to permanent employment become pronounced as companies internalize institutional changes. The current study demonstrates that the features of the employment system shape and establish organizational norms and traditions and play a critical role in achieving the intended effects of institutional change.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; LABOR market; Labor Unions; Organizational change; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies; Temporary employment; Transitions

Land of 10,000 Loves: A History of Queer Minnesota - Korinek, Valerie J. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Land of 10,000 Loves: A History of Queer Minnesota," by Stewart Van Cleve.

The Transformation of Employment Regulation in Greece: Towards a Dysfunctional Liberal Market Economy? - Kornelakis, Andreas; Voskeritsian, Horen (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Since the eruption of the European sovereign debt crisis, the bailout conditions imposed on Greece have gradually shifted their emphasis from "tidying up" public finances towards "improving the competitiveness" of the economy. The employment relations system has been targeted as one of the priority areas for reform, which resulted in its gradual dismantling. The article analyses this transformation in employment regulation, using insights from the varieties of capitalism literature. It is argued that the ongoing injection of liberal market elements is likely to transform Greece into a dysfunctional Liberal Market Economy. The changes ignore the specificities and idiosyncrasies of the Greek production model and are likely to leave the country with the "worst of both worlds": suboptimal economic performance and diluted social cohesion.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Capitalism; Collective bargaining; Economic crisis; Labor Unions; Labor relations; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Sovereign debt; Studies

Joy in Labour: The Politicization of Craft from the Arts and Crafts Movement to Etsy - Krugh, Michele (Canadian Review of American Studies, 2014)
Since the time of the Arts and Crafts movement of the late nineteenth century, craft production and consumption has been politicized. Craft’s focus on hand making has been used to contrast intentional, individual labour with the division of labour involved in industrial mass production. Through its mission to build a more fulfilling world through ethical commerce, craftsmanship, and fun, the contemporary e-commerce site Etsy participates in the discourse of politicized craft that was articulated over a hundred years ago by William Morris, with his dream of “joy in labour.” While craft’s individualism can limit its political effectiveness, craft’s utopian impulse to build a better world through more fun and through labour that is more fair is a valuable ideal and one that has survived for more than a century.

Whose Shared History? - Ladner, Kiera L.; McCrossan, Michael (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Critiques Prime Minister Stephen Harper's June 11, 2008 apology for the abuse of students in Indian residential schools and his remarks about Canada's history at a 2009 press conference at the 2009 G20 meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Argues that rather than celebrating the War of 1812 and the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, the federal government should commemorate the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and the Treaty of Niagara as pivotal shared events with Indigenous peoples.
Keywords: Canada; GROUP of Twenty – Congresses; HARPER; Stephen; 1959- – Political & social views; Historiography; History; IMPERIALISM – History; Indigenous Peoples; OFF-reservation boarding schools; United States; WAR of 1812

Forum : Invitation aux débats / Debates - Lapointe, Paul-André (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Starting with this issue we have decided to set aside space in the journal for a forum and for ongoing debate on issues of major social and scientific importance in industrial relations practice and theory. / C’est pour cette raison que nous souhaitons aménager, à l’intérieur de nos pages, un espace de débats et de forums portant sur des problématiques d’une grande pertinence sociale et scientifique, tant pour le monde de la pratique que pour celui de la théorie des relations industrielles. –From editor's introduction /de l'introduction de l'éditeur.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Comment jouer la régulation dans l’industrie du jeu vidéo? - Legault, Marie-Josée; Weststar, Johanna (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Cet article étudie les choix des concepteurs de jeux vidéo en matière de représentation de leurs intérêts à la lumière de la théorie de la mobilisation de Kelly (1998), cela dans le but de mesurer leur disposition à l’action collective. Ces travailleurs illustrent bien le cas des travailleurs du savoir dans des productions organisées par projets. Si le modèle de Kelly permet en principe d’asseoir des projections concernant la syndicalisation d’un secteur, tel n’est pas le cas ici. Notre étude nous amène plutôt à mesurer l’ampleur de la transformation du marché de l’emploi depuis l’élaboration du modèle et la distance qui sépare les besoins des travailleurs du savoir, d’une part, et les options que leur propose l’action syndicale traditionnelle telle que présentée par le modèle de Kelly, d’autre part.Ce groupe de travailleurs remplit deux conditions propices à l’action collective : il a identifié des problèmes communs dans les conditions de travail de l’industrie et il en attribue généralement la responsabilité à l’employeur.Cependant, trois conditions essentielles l’empêchent de s’unir en une coalition. D’abord, il est partagé entre une définition de son intérêt en termes collectifs et individuels; ensuite , il est aussi partagé quant à la conviction que la situation insatisfaisante est illégitime. Enfin, et surtout, lorsque les travailleurs analysent les coûts et les bénéfices de l’action collective, le projet de syndicalisation via le régime général d’accréditation fondé sur l’entreprise-employeur leur pose plusieurs problèmes concrets. Les concepteurs de jeux pratiquent une forme d’action collective qui contourne les contraintes que pose notre régime juridique actuel de rapports collectifs de travail. Or, la théorie de la mobilisation de Kelly assimile action collective et action syndicale traditionnelle, ce qui mérite d’être reconsidéré.
Keywords: Diseñadores de juegos de video; acción colectiva; action collective; collective action; concepteurs de jeux vidéo; knowledge workers; organisation par projets; organización por proyectos; project-based organisations; sindicalización; syndicalisation; trabajadores del saber; travailleurs du savoir; unionisation; video game developers

Youth Apprenticeships in Canada: On Their Inferior Status Despite Skilled Labour Shortages - Lehmann, Wolfgang; Taylor, Alison; Wright, Laura (Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 2014)
In Canada, youth apprenticeships have been promoted as an educational alternative that leads to the development of valuable skills, allows for the opportunity to earn an income while learning and helps youth to gain a head start into lucrative, creative and in-demand careers. Yet, these programmes have remained rather marginal and continue to be perceived as being of lower-status compared to traditional post-secondary educational pathways, such as those leading to university or community college. In this paper, we draw on interview data with former youth apprentices in the province of Ontario to explore their reasons for entering apprenticeships in high school, their experiences in them and their own perceptions about the status and social recognition of apprenticeships. We suggest that policies regarding apprenticeship programmes in Canada need to expand their focus. While emphasis is currently placed on recruiting students by highlighting relatively utilitarian benefits, we argue that more focus needs to be placed on the training offered to apprentices including the commitment of employers to provide quality training on the job, the integration of classroom and on-the-job training and the opportunity for apprentices to move from partial to full participation in communities of practice.

L'identitée canadienne refaçonnée?' - Létourneau, Jocelyn (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Notes that while Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper's efforts to fashion a new Canadian identity have caused a stir, the multiculturalism of the type espoused by the Liberal Party of Canada under Pierre Trudeau was becoming exhausted. Comments that Harper was rebuilding identity on the pillars of recognition of Indigenous and Quebec nations' contributions, revitalization of heritage and British roots, and valorization of Canadian autonomy and sovereignty, including military accomplishments. Concludes that time will tell whether this attempt to remake the past will have a future impact. An abridged version of the article was published in the Canada Day edition of the Globe and Mail in 2013.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CANADIANS – Ethnic identity; Canada; FIRST Nations (Canada); HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; MULTICULTURALISM

Losing the Battle but Winning the War: Why Online Information Should Be a Prohibited Ground Privacy, Law and the Contemporary Workplace: New Challenges and Directions - Levin, Avner (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This paper contends that in the "war" to protect the privacy of individ- uals' personal information online, the battle to limit the collection of such infor- mation has been lost. Existing personal information protection regimes, with their emphasis on notice and consent, have proven inadequate, especially in light of the advent of "big data analytics" and revelations of large-scale privacy violations by governments and corporations. The author argues, however, that the war can still be won on another front - that of limiting the use of per- sonal information. In developing this theme, the author explores the notion of "network privacy," which posits that information shared online within a given social circle is intended to stay within that social circle, and is not to be shared beyond its boundaries without permission. Currently there is no legal protection in Canada against the invasion of network privacy (though in several recent decisions, the courts have shown a more nuanced understanding of privacy in online information). One potential source of such protection might be the adoption of the "Oxford principles" formulated in 2013, which propose a new model for regulating the processing of information, one that is focused on the use of personal information rather than on its collection. In the author's view, though, those principles, as well as other proposals, would not provide sufficient protection. Instead, the author outlines an approach that is broadly similar to the prohibition against the use of information relating to protected grounds under Canadian human rights legislation. Under this approach, no action could be taken against an individual - including in the employment context - based on his or her online information, except where that information reveals criminal, illegal or unethical conduct, or causes significant harm to others.

Is Precarious Employment Low Income Employment? The Changing Labour Market in Southern Ontario - Lewchuk, Wayne; Laflèche, Michelynn (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
Introduces papers arising from the PEPSO report, "It's More Than Poverty" (2013).

Precarious Employment and Social Outcomes - Lewchuk, Wayne; Laflèche, Michelynn; Procyk, Stephanie; Rosen, Dan; Dyson, Diane; Shields, John; Goldring, Luin; Viducis, Peter; Meisner, Alan; Vrankulj, Sam (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
This paper examines the association between income and precarious employment, how this association is changing and how it is shaped by gender and race. It explores how precarious employment has spread to even middle income occupations and what this implies for our understanding of contemporary labour markets and employment relationship norms. The findings indicate a need to refine our views of who is in precarious employment and a need to re-evaluate the nature of the Standard Employment Relationship, which we would argue is not only becoming less prevalent, but also transitioning into something that is less secure.

La violence physique au travail et la santé : le droit québécois régissant l’indemnisation et la prévention - Lippel, Katherine; Lanctôt, Nathalie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Cet article examine le droit de la santé et de la sécurité du travail appliqué aux situations de violence physique au travail au Québec. Après une mise en contexte qui fait appel à la littérature des sciences sociales et sciences de la santé pour déterminer les enjeux importants au niveau de la prévention des conséquences pour la santé des personnes exposées à la violence physique au travail, l’article fait appel à la méthodologie juridique classique pour tracer le portrait du droit québécois d’indemnisation et de prévention. Cette analyse permet de déterminer si les régimes de santé et sécurité du Québec en matière d’indemnisation et de prévention incitent les employeurs à assurer une prévention primaire, secondaire et tertiaire. La première partie de l’article fait appel à la littérature portant sur les différentes formes que peut prendre la violence au travail afin de mettre en contexte la violence physique. Ensuite, on y documente les conséquences potentielles des agressions physiques au travail, en soulignant l’importance de la prévention primaire, secondaire et tertiaire. La seconde partie examine le droit québécois régissant l’indemnisation des victimes de violence physique au travail ainsi que la prévention des lésions professionnelles. Nous identifions les critères de reconnaissance des lésions professionnelles attribuables à la violence au travail, en nous attardant au fardeau de preuve et en constatant les défis spécifiques à la reconnaissance des lésions psychologiques par rapport aux lésions physiques. En deuxième lieu, nous examinons la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail ainsi que les incitatifs de prévention prévus dans la Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles. Ainsi, nous examinons la jurisprudence relative aux demandes d’externalisation des coûts reliés aux lésions professionnelles attribuables à la violence physique. Cette analyse nous permet de constater que l’interprétation par les tribunaux administratifs de certaines règles de droit encadrant le financement du régime d’indemnisation, ajoutées à l’interdiction des poursuites civiles, a pour effet de minimiser les incitations économiques à la prévention qui avaient été prévues par le législateur lors de l’adoption de la Loi. Nous concluons en soulignant l’importance d’assurer une incitation économique à la prévention primaire, secondaire et tertiaire, ce qui pourrait être atteint par une application plus raffinée des règles de droit relatives au financement du régime.
Keywords: Quebec; Québec; Violencia en el trabajo; derecho; droit; indemnisation; indemnización; law; occupational violence; prevención; prevention; prévention; violence au travail; workers’ compensation

Finding a Usable Past for the American Labour Movement's Decline - Loomis, Erik (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "A Renegade Union: Interracial Organizing and Labor Radicalism," by Lisa Phillips, "Commonsense Anticommunism: Labor and Civil Liberties between the World Wars," by Jennifer Luff, and "Labor Rising: The Past and Future of Working People in America," edited by Daniel Katz and Richard A. Greenwald.
Keywords: COMMONSENSE Anticommunism: Labor & Civil Liberties Between the World Wars (Book); GREENWALD; Richard A.; KATZ; Daniel; LABOR Rising: The Past & Future of Working People in America (Book); LUFF; Jennifer; Nonfiction; PHILLIPS; Lisa; RENEGADE Union: Interracial Organizing & Labor Radicalism; A (Book)

La Confiance au travail - Luc, Sylvain (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Review of: La confiance au travail, coordonné by Laurent Karsenty.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Canadian Working-Class Environmentalism, 1965-1985 - MacPhee, Katrin (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The historiographies of Canadian labour and environmental activism have largely overlooked the existence of a distinctly working-class environmental consciousness in Canada between 1965 and 1985. This worker-oriented environmentalism was expressed in three separate but interrelated strategies. First, labour activists in the 1960s through to the 1980s undertook independent research into the environmental contaminants present in their own workplaces and subsequently released into the larger environment. Second, a number of Canadian unions consistently endeavoured to compel branches of the Canadian government to adopt and enforce strict environmental policies and regulations. Third, Canadian union members exercised the weapons at their disposal - collective bargaining, demonstrations, and strikes - to prevent harm to environmental and human health alike. Through an analysis of these realms of struggle, I outline an environmentalism born of a class analysis of health and disease under capitalism.
Keywords: 20th century; Canada; ENVIRONMENTAL health; ENVIRONMENTAL health – History; ENVIRONMENTALISM; Environmentalists; History; Industrial hygiene; Industrial relations; Labor Unions; Working class

Les antécédents de l’expression d’émotions dans un centre d’appels - Mainhagu, Sébastien; Moulin, Yves (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
L’organisation scientifique du travail, appliquée initialement dans l’industrie, s’est progressivement déclinée dans les services. Dans ces espaces, le contrôle du travail s’étend à l’appréciation du comportement du salarié, en référence à des expressions d’émotions prescrites par le management. Les centres d’appels constituent une illustration privilégiée : les téléconseillers sont tenus de respecter des normes organisationnelles leur dictant l’expression d’émotions à manifester lors des échanges avec les clients. Toutefois, pendant les conversations, les téléconseillers n’arrivent pas toujours à cacher leurs vraies émotions et émettent alors un comportement non conforme aux attentes du management.Cet échec du contrôle des émotions du téléconseiller constitue un fort enjeu pour les entreprises concernées parce qu’il risque de réduire la satisfaction des clients, voire d’entraîner des pertes de clientèle. En se fondant sur le cadre théorique du travail émotionnel, la présente étude a pour finalité de cerner les principales causes des comportements adéquats ou déviants des téléconseillers lors des conversations téléphoniques.Cette contribution recèle une triple originalité. Elle constitue la première étude à appréhender les antécédents de l’expression d’émotions dans le contexte spécifique des centres d’appels. Elle privilégie une méthodologie d’observation in situ des émotions recueillies à travers une grille de codage évaluant le degré de déviance à l’émotion prescrite lors de 347 conversations. Elle introduit dans le raisonnement l’influence de la structure sociale pour enrichir l’analyse de l’impact négatif de certaines variables sur l’expression d’émotions des téléconseillers.Cet article montre que ce sont principalement les situations d’interaction (charge de travail, heure de l’appel) ainsi que les règles établies par l’encadrement (durée de l’appel, absence de retrait à la suite d’un appel difficile, faible latitude dans la réponse) qui favorisent les comportements dysfonctionnels. Toutefois, les téléconseillers percevant une forte tolérance de l’employeur à la déviance des règles prescrites, ils renforcent leur expression d’émotions de représailles.
Keywords: agentes telefónicos; call centre; centre d’appels; centros de llamadas; emotional management; expresión de emociones; interaction; policy administration; politiques administratives; tolerance of deviant behaviour; tolerancia a los desvíos; tolérance à la déviance; travail émotionnel; téléconseiller; worker

Resocialising Europe in a Time of Crisis - Mangan, David (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Resocialising Europe in a Time of Crisis, edited by Nicola Countouris and Mark Freedland, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; EU membership; Economic crisis; Employment; Labor Unions; Labor law

Réseaux sociaux au travail, confiance interpersonnelle et comportement de partage des connaissances - Mansour, Nizar; Saidani, Chiraz; Saihi, Malek; Laaroussi, Samia (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Dans cet article, nous tentons de démontrer que la confiance interpersonnelle joue un rôle de médiation entre les réseaux sociaux et le comportement de partage des connaissances dans les entreprises tunisiennes de haute technologie. Même si l’impact direct des réseaux sociaux sur le partage des connaissances a été traité par les recherches antérieures, nous pensons qu’une telle relation gagnerait à intégrer le rôle de la confiance interpersonnelle comme mécanisme intermédiaire. En conformité avec McAllister (1995), nous nous proposons d’étudier deux formes de confiance interpersonnelle : la confiance cognitive (basée sur les compétences) et la confiance affective (basée sur les échanges socio-émotionnels). Un modèle structurel a permis de tester les hypothèses de recherche. Les résultats de l’enquête soutiennent partiellement nos conjectures théoriques. Ils montrent que seule la qualité des interactions dans un réseau social influence positivement et significativement les deux formes de confiance. Sur un autre plan, seule la confiance affective aurait une influence sur le comportement de partage des connaissances. Enfin, les résultats stipulent que la confiance affective médiatise l’effet de la qualité d’interaction sur le comportement de partage des connaissances. Une discussion est engagée sur la base de ces résultats et les implications de la recherche, sur le plan théorique et managérial, sont présentées.
Keywords: Affective Trust; Cognitive Trust; Knowledge Sharing; Social Networks; Structural Analysis; analyse structurelle; análisis estructural; compartir los conocimientos; confiance affective; confiance cognitive; confianza afectiva; confianza cognitiva; partage des connaissances; redes sociales; réseaux sociaux

Envergure du poste et engagement : le rôle modérateur du soutien et des relations avec le supérieur - Marchand, Catherine; Vandenberghe, Christian (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Cette étude examine l’effet modérateur du contexte relationnel des emplois dans la relation entre les caractéristiques du travail et l’engagement affectif envers l’organisation, la profession et la clientèle. Le contexte relationnel est appréhendé par le soutien organisationnel perçu (SOP) et la qualité des relations leader-membre (de l’anglais, leader-member exchange, LMX). Nous émettons l’hypothèse que le soutien organisationnel est perçu comme permettant de combler les besoins socio-émotionnels des employés et révélant une compréhension indulgente de l’organisation envers ses employés. À l’inverse, la qualité des relations leader-membre reflète une approche d’échange social dans laquelle le soutien du supérieur est associé à une finalité d’amélioration du rendement de l’employé. Ces considérations amènent à prédire que le SOP devrait agir comme un modérateur négatif des effets des caractéristiques du travail (envergure du poste) sur l’engagement affectif envers les trois cibles examinées. Au contraire, nous prévoyons que la qualité des relations leader-membre (LMX) agira comme un modérateur positif des effets de l’envergure du poste sur l’engagement affectif.Ces hypothèses ont été vérifiées lors d’une étude menée en deux temps. D’abord, au temps 1 ont été mesurées l’envergure du poste (variété de la tâche, signification, autonomie, identité et rétroaction; Hackman et Oldham, 1980), le soutien organisationnel perçu (SOP) et la qualité des relations leader-membre (LMX). Par la suite, soit six mois plus tard, l’engagement affectif envers l’organisation, la profession et la clientèle a été évalué. Sur la base d’un échantillon aléatoire de 208 employés gradués en gestion, droit, génie et sciences pures d’une université belge et occupant des emplois dans des organisations variées, les analyses de régression multiple modérée montrent que la relation (positive) entre l’envergure du poste et les trois dimensions de l’engagement affectif s’avère plus faible lorsque le soutien organisationnel perçu est élevé. En revanche, la relation (positive) entre l’envergure du poste et l’engagement affectif envers la profession ainsi qu’envers la clientèle se révèle plus forte lorsque la qualité des relations leader-membre (LMX) est élevée. Nous discuterons de la portée de ces résultats.
Keywords: affective commitment to the organization; apoyo organizacional percibido (AOP); compromiso afectivo con la organización; engagement affectif envers l’organisation; envergadura del puesto; envergure du poste; job scope; la profesión y la clientela; la profession et la clientèle; leader-member exchange; perceived organizational support; relaciones líder-miembro (LMX); relations leader-membre (LMX); soutien organisationnel perçu (SOP); the occupation and customers

"Silence Means Yes Here in Canada": Precarious Migrants, Work and the Law - Marsden, Sarah (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
A growing number of workers in the Canadian labour force have precarious migration status as participants in authorized temporary work programs, or have no status at all. This article reports the findings of a study that interviewed precarious migrants in British Columbia, and employees of agencies which provided services to them, with a view to assessing the impact of migration status on their conditions of work and on the practical availability to them of legal protections set out in provincial legislation on employment standards, occupational health and safety, and workers' compensation. Data gathered from the interviews indicate that precarious migration status was associated with deskilling, decreased job security and mobility, illegally low pay and long hours, and various health and safety risks. Provincial laws and policies regulating the workplace do not exclude anyone from protection on the basis of migration status. However, federal law gives employers a great deal of employer discretion over the status of temporary foreign workers, aggravating the employer-employee power imbalance and making those workers fearful of seeking redress for violations of their rights under provincial law. The author suggests that local initiatives emphasizing the provision of access to services "without fear" for workers with precarious migration status, or with no status, can help to overcome their marginalization and recognize their place in Canadian society.

La supervision des thèses de second et de troisième cycles et I' « apprentissage sur le tas » : conversation avec Bettina Bradbury - Marshall, Dominique (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The author — a former doctoral student of Bradbury's — reflects on a recent telephone conversation with Bradbury regarding graduate supervision as well as the processes and practices of learning and apprenticeship. Also considers how the experience influenced the author's teaching and research.
Keywords: BRADBURY; Bettina; COLLEGE teacher-student relationships; DOCTORAL students; GRADUATE students – Supervision of; NONFORMAL education; TEACHER influence; TEACHING methods; WOMEN historians

The Division of Labor in Economics: A History - May, Robyn (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The Division of Labor in Economics: A History, by Guang-Zhen Sun, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Economics; History; Labor Unions; Labor force; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Rethinking the Politics of Labour in Canada - McCartin, Joseph A. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Rethinking the Politics of Labour in Canada," edited by Stephanie Ross and Larry Savage.
Keywords: Canada; LABOR unions – Political activity; Labor Unions; Nonfiction; RETHINKING the Politics of Labour in Canada (Book); ROSS; Stephanie; SAVAGE; Larry

Labour and the Environment: Five Stories from New Brunswick Since the 1970s - McFarland, Joan (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article explores labor relations and the environmental movement in New Brunswick. Emphasis is given to alliances and cooperation between entities such as the New Brunswick Federation of Labor, the Conservation Council of New Brunswick, the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union, and the New Brunswick Union of Public and Private Employees. The author offers information on conferences that detail the relations between labor leaders and environmentalists on topics such as the construction of nuclear power plants, forestry management, and climate change.
Keywords: CONGRESSES; Canada; ENVIRONMENTALISM; Environmental policy; Environmentalists; INTERORGANIZATIONAL relations; Labor Unions; Labor leaders; Labor movement; New Brunswick

Working People in Alberta: A History - McInnis, Peter S. (Peter Stuart) (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Working People in Alberta: A History," by Alvin Finkel et al.
Keywords: Alberta; FINKEL; Alvin; History; Nonfiction; WORKING People in Alberta: A History (Book); WORKING class – History

Paper versus Practice : Occupational Health and Safety Protections and Realities for Temporary Foreign Agricultural Workers in Ontario - McLaughlin, Janet; Hennebry, Jenna; Haines, Ted (Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé, 2014)
Over 20,000 temporary foreign agricultural workers come to Ontario each year, primarily from Mexico and the Caribbean. Agricultural workers are exposed to a number of occupational health and safety (OHS) risks. This article discusses the various OHS protections available to workers and their limitations, and analyzes the specific challenges that temporary foreign workers face in accessing rights, such as language and cultural barriers, information gaps, and precarious employment and immigration status. It also analyzes the limitations with respect to OHS training and the provision and use of personal protective equipment, arguing that these protections are under-regulated and inconsistent. The article concludes with recommendations to improve shortcomings, including standardized and specific OHS training, random OHS inspections, and full inclusion of agricultural workers in provincial legislations. Findings are based primarily on interviews with 100 migrant farmworkers who reported injuries or illness, as well as with key stakeholders such as employers and government officials.

Speaking Up: A History of Language and Politics in Canada and Quebec. - McNichol, Dustin J. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Speaking Up: A History of Language and Politics in Canada and Quebec," by Marcel Martel and Martin Pâquet.
Keywords: Canada; DUMAS; Patricia; History; Language policy; MARTEL; Marcel; Nonfiction; PAQUET; Martin; SPEAKING Up: A History of Language & Politics in Canada & Quebec (Book)

Contesting Bodies and Nation in Canadian History - McPhail, Deborah (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Contesting Bodies and Nation in Canadian History," edited by Patrizia Gentile and Jane Nicholas.
Keywords: CONTESTING Bodies & Nation in Canadian History (Book); Canada; GENTILE; Patrizia; HUMAN body; History; NICHOLAS; Jane; Nonfiction

The Breakthrough: Human Rights in the 1970s - McRae, Matthew (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "The Breakthrough: Human Rights in the 1970s," edited by Jan Eckel and Samuel Moyn.

The Other Side of the Balance: Employer Interests, Work Systems and R. v. Cole Privacy, Law and the Contemporary Workplace: New Challenges and Directions - Michaluk, Dan (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
In October 2012, the Supreme Court of Canada issued a decision much-anticipated by Canadian employers. In R. v. Cole,' it affirmed an Ontario Court of Appeal holding that a schoolteacher had a reasonable expectation of privacy in a work-issued laptop. Some hailed the ruling as a landmark. But does Cole signal a significant shift in workplace rights and obligations? This short essay - written from the perspective of counsel to employers - explains why the answer to this question is "no." Cole recognizes a significant new pri- vacy interest, but also establishes a strong foundation for continued employer access to information stored on work systems.

Much Ado: Evaluating the Collective Agreement Amendments in the BIA and CCAA - Milanovic, Nick E. (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This article considers the effect of recent statutory amendments that recognized the legal status of the collective agreement as a binding source of rights and obligations during the employer's insolvency. The author reviews the law prior to, and after, the amendments along with interview responses of leading insolvency practitioners in determining whether those amendments unduly interfered with or prevented the successful restructuring of distressed businesses, In his view, most of the early jurisprudence setting aside collective agreements to which the debtor company was a party distorted the development of the law in this area, weakened the legitimacy of the insolvency process, and generated unnecessary conflict in the midst of restructuring efforts. By contrast, the amended provisions, by recognizing that collective agreements remain in force during an employer insolvency, have restored proper balance to the law, fostered voluntary negotiations among the parties, and reduced unnecessary liti- gation between debtors and unions. Importantly, the reforms have transformed court-centered conflict over the status of the collective agreement into product- ive negotiations focused on the rescue of distressed businesses. As a result, the paper maintains, the reforms have brought positive change to the restructuring process, by facilitating the efforts of stakeholders trying to salvage the company.

Whose Streets? The Toronto G20 and the Challenges of Summit Protest - Milbrandt, Tara (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Whose Streets? The Toronto G20 and the Challenges of Summit Protest," edited by Tom Malleson and David Wachsmuth.
Keywords: ANTI-globalization movement; Canada; DEMONSTRATIONS (Collective behavior); MALLESON; Tom; Nonfiction; WACHSMUTH; David; WHOSE Streets? The Toronto G20 & the Challenges of Summit Protest (Book)