Divided Province: Ontario Politics in the Age of Neoliberalism - Toye, Brent (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Divided Province: Ontario Politics in the Age of Neoliberalism," edited by Greg Albo and Bryan Evans.

“They Didn’t Even Realize Canada Was a Different Country”: Canadian Left Nationalism at the 1971 Vancouver Indochinese Women's Conference - Klein, Candice (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
From 1 to 6 April 1971, over 600 women gathered to attend the Vancouver Indochinese Women’s Conference (viwc), an international women’s antiwar conference organized by women’s liberationists in Vancouver. The conference was intended to bring women together under the banner of an international sisterhood, but this desired goal did not happen. Instead, tensions between American and Canadian women divided conference organizers and attendees, culminating in verbal and physical conflict. The viwc is useful for examining how Canadian women experienced interactions with American feminists and radical activists in attendance at the conference. Several women viewed the actions of American delegates as imperialistic. The experiences of conference organizers and attendees show how the viwc represents a moment in women’s liberation where the limits to international feminism were particularly visible.

Filming Peterloo in the Age of Brexit - Rogers, Nicholas (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the film, "Peterloo," directed by Mike Leigh.

Lynn Jones African-Canadian and Diaspora Heritage Collection - McCallum, Todd (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
In April 2017, more than 100 people gathered at the Halifax North Memorial Library for the official launch of the Lynn Jones African-Canadian and Diaspora Heritage Collection, housed at Saint Mary's University. ...This is a personal archive whose creation was an intentional act. At the tender age of eight, Lynn Jones began cutting out articles from the Truro newspaper, preserving stories pertaining to Black life in Nova Scotia and around the world. One of ten children, Lynn kept busy documenting the many activities of generations of the Jones family, from those who fought with the Black Battalion in World War I to those active today. Along the way, she added numerous documents – many of them not found elsewhere – and correspondence related to organizations such as the Black Working Group and the Public Service Alliance of Canada (psac) and individuals like Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael). The result is eighteen boxes, with talk of more to come. While the collection stretches from the 1960s to the 2010s, the bulk of material pertains to the 1980s and 1990s. – Introduction

(Re)Conceptualising Unfree Labour: Local Labour Control Regimes and Constraints on Workers’ Freedoms - Fudge, Judy (Global Labour Journal, 2019)
Disputes over the meaning of human trafficking, forced labour and modern slavery have both provoked and coincided with a reinvigorated debate in academic and policy literatures about how to conceptualise unfree labour. This article traces the contours of the debate over free and unfree labour, identifying its key stakes as the debate has developed and paying particular attention to recent interventions. It begins by identifying a problem common to both canonical liberal and Marxian approaches to the free/unfree labour distinction, which is to fetishise the labour market. It then discusses the consensus that is emerging across disciplines and in leading international organisations that labour unfreedom in contemporary capitalism is best conceptualised as a continuum rather than a binary, highlighting recent disciplinary-specific contributions. It argues that the metaphor of a continuum of labour unfreedom obscures more than it illuminates. Drawing upon the growing body of literature that advocates a multifaceted approach to labour unfreedom, this article argues that a robust concept of local labour control regime does a much better job of capturing the complex mix of consent and coercion involved in extracting value from labour power than the idea of a continuum of labour unfreedom.

Direct Action and the Strike - Graphic History Collective (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2019)
This May, Canada marks the 100th anniversary of the Winnipeg General Strike, when tens of thousands of people walked off their jobs in sympathy and solidarity with building and metal trades workers whose employers were refusing to bargain for fair wages and working conditions.Though the strike failed in its immediate goals, the example it set reverberated across the country and the world, inspiring political upheaval at all levels in Canada, and ultimately transforming the balance of power between workers and the bosses for many generations. In this issue of the Monitor we consider the value of direct action and solidarity strikes in a new era of retrenching labour rights, out-of-control inequality and conservative backlash. “Workers can make great gains by withdrawing their labour power. But they also risk a lot,” writes the Graphic History Collective in their introduction to our special feature on the strike. “The stakes in class struggle are high.” True. But so are the costs of not acting. Today, as it was 100 years ago, we must continually fight for fair pay and good jobs for everyone—or be prepared to live in a world where neither exists for anyone. –Introduction. Contents: Direct Action Gets the Goods! A printable timeline of Canadian strikes from the Graphic History Collective – 1919: Causes and Consequences: Paul Moist recounts the organizing that went into the strike and its legacy – 100 years on.Women, rights and work—from 1919 to the #MeToo movement: Molly McCracken interviews Julie Guard on labour's need to organize more female workers – The year labour makes history: Learning from failures like the Winnipeg General Strike and Kirkland Lake organization drive can strengthen the movement for true worker democracy, writes Jon Weier – Work Life: Canada's "yellow vest" movement needs more gilets jaunes, writes Lynne Fernandez in her latest column – Frontlines of the class: We all win when teachers strike. But, as Erika Shaker argues, parents, children and communities need to see themselves in the struggle – Striking for survival: The right to strike in Canada is under attack and back-to-work legislation now commonplace Bruno Dobrusin calls on workers to embrace the mass walkout, both legal and illegal, as a tool for social change – Lessons in South Korean protest culture: President Moon is backsliding on important labour reforms, but workers continue to resist in innovative ways, writes Zaee Desphande.

The Toronto Airport Workers’ Council: Renewing Workplace Organizing and Socialist Labor Education - House, Jordan; Gray, Paul Christopher (Labor Studies Journal, 2019)
Among the 40,000 workers in Canada’s largest workplace, Lester B. Pearson International Airport in Toronto, a small but significant group of worker-organizers has created the Toronto Airport Workers’ Council (TAWC), a nonunion organization open to all Pearson workers. In this paper, we discuss the capitalist context of Canadian labor relations and the neoliberal restructuring that has attacked working conditions and workers’ solidarity across the airline industry. Then, after examining the insufficient responses by the twelve Pearson unions, we explain how workers formed the TAWC, whose participatory structures, direct action strategy, and broader class focus have achieved considerable successes, despite tensions with union leaders wary of potential “dual unionism.” We also discuss how the TAWC provides a space for socialist-led workplace organizing training and political education by the Toronto Labour Committee. Finally, we explore the possible roles of this council model in labor movement renewal and labor education in socialist movement renewal.
Keywords: Canada; labor education; neoliberalism; socialism; workers’ councils; workplace organizing

Abstracts / Résumés [v. 84, Fall 2019] (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)

Conception et mise en oeuvre d’une grille d’analyse des pratiques de maintien en emploi des séniors. Une comparaison France-Québec - Abouaissa, Siham; Baret, Christophe; D'Amours, Martine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Prenant conscience des effets délétères des stratégies traditionnelles de mise à l’écart des travailleurs âgés, les pouvoirs publics promeuvent aujourd’hui leur maintien en emploi. Afin de comprendre comment et dans quelles conditions cet objectif politique se traduit ou non en pratiques concrètes dans les milieux de travail, l’article propose une grille d’analyse, inspirée de l’analyse sociétale, permettant de comprendre les attitudes des entreprises et des travailleurs vis-à-vis le maintien en emploi des séniors. L’article met ensuite cette grille à l’épreuve en étudiant les pratiques de deux entreprises de commerce de détail, l’une en France et l’autre au Québec, autour de quatre espaces d’interprétation : institutionnel, du dialogue social, marchand et organisationnel.
Keywords: France; Francia; Quebec; Québec; analyse sociétale; análisis societal; comercio minorista; commerce de détail; empleo; emploi; employment; retail trade; seniors; societal analysis; séniors; trabajadores de edad avanzada

Private Government: How Employers Rule our Lives and Why We Don’t Talk about It - Adams, Roy (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Private Government: How Employers Rule our Lives and Why We Don’t Talk about It," by Elizabeth Anderson.

La négociation collective en contexte de flexibilisation de l’emploi dans deux usines au Québec - Adanhounme, Armel; Lévesque, Christian (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Des travaux récents en analyse institutionnelle ont souligné le rôle charnière des acteurs dans le changement institutionnel, notamment le pouvoir de l’acteur syndical à renouveler les institutions du travail. Ces recherches ont fait ressortir les trois aspects suivants : 1-l’agentivité, en réponse à la question de lareprésentation des syndiqués, notamment la construction d’une identité des travailleurs au-delà du milieu de travail; 2- la formation d’une large coalition au-delà des acteurs tripartites des relations de travail; et, enfin, 3-l’élargissement des répertoires d’action au-delà des frontières des entreprises et des contextes nationaux. Toutefois, contrairement à cette perspective sur l’agentivité qui dépendait autrefois des mécanismes de la démocratie industrielle, cet article montre que des contraintes structurelles peuvent restreindre, voire empêcher, la capacité stratégique des acteurs locaux à renouveler la règle en cet ère néolibéral de mondialisation de l’économie. À partir de deux études de cas menées dans deux usines de première transformation au Québec —l’une appartenant à une entreprise multinationalecanadienne, l’autre étant américaine —, cet article analyse comment les acteurs locaux, dans un contexte néolibéral de changement institutionnel, négocient la flexibilisation de l’emploi et la sécurité des travailleurs. Les résultats des négociations entreprises par les acteurs locaux, dans un cas, une négociation menée « le dos au mur », et, dans l’autre, « le fusil sur la tempe », montrent que l’issue du processus est tributaire de facteurs externes hors de la portée des acteurs locaux. L’agentivité a buté contre les impératifs économiques du marché, les politiques étatiques de dérégulation de l’emploi et l’intransigeance des maisons-mères concernant l’avantage compétitif des filiales. Dans l’usine américaine, ils ont déplacé l’ancienne règle des accords collectifs pour y substituer une nouvelle entente davantage axée sur les exigences du marché libéral. Dans l’usine canadienne, ils ont stratifié les accords collectifs, ajoutant une nouvelle entente (de facture inférieure à l’ancienne) basée sur le statut d’emploi et qui oppose les permanents aux contractuels. Dans les deux cas, des conditions structurelles ont limité la marge de manoeuvre desacteurs locaux, avec des conséquences néfastes sur les travailleurs périphériques de l’entreprise flexible.
Keywords: Quebec; Québec; agency; agentividad; agentivité (agency); collective bargaining; flexibilidad; flexibility; flexibilité; instituciones; institution; negociación colectiva; négociation collective; sindicatos; syndicat; union

Power, Politics, and Principles: Mackenzie King and Labour, 1935–1948 - Aivalis, Christo (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Power, Politics, and Principle: Mackenzie King and Labour, 1935–1948," by Taylor Hollander.

Refining Creative Labour: Precarity and Autonomy in Cultural and Craft Industries - Anderson, Benjamin (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the books, "Craft and the Creative Economy ," by Susan Luckman, and "The Creativity Hoax: Precarious Work in the Gig Economy," by George Morgan and Pariece Nelligan.

Toujours dans les limbes historiographiques : le cinquantenaire de Mai 68 au travers de quatre livres - Bargain-Villéger, Alban (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the books, "Filles de Mai. 68 mon Mai à moi : mémoires de femmes," edited by Monique Bauer, "Le scandale de Strasbourg mis à nu par ses célibataires, même ," by André Bertrand and André Schneider, "Le Mai 68 des Caraïbes," by Romain Cruse, and "The Long '68 : Radical Protest and its Enemies," by Richard Vinen.

A Comparison of Contemporary Human Resource Management and Employment Relations Practices of Japanese and US Multinational Corporation Subsidiaries: Evidence from Four Countries - Bartram, Timothy; Adam, Duncan; Edwards, Tony; Jalette, Patrice; Burgess, John; Stanton, Pauline (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
This paper compares Japanese and US multinational corporations (MNCs) on their deployment of human resource management (HRM) and employment relations (ER) practices within four countries. Debate about convergence is used to reconcile findings. The context is the shift from the dominance of the Japanese economy in the 1980s and early 1990s towards the renewed dominance of the US economy in more recent decades. We draw on data from representative, parallel surveys of MNCs operating in Canada, the UK, Spain and Australia to test a set of hypotheses examining similarities and differences between subsidiaries of Japanese and US MNCs in relation to management control across borders, remuneration, representation and worker involvement. The findings demonstrate that, despite the pressures of globalization, and the partial movement away from traditional Japanese management practices in Japan, there are clear country of origin effects for Japanese and American MNCs. Results indicate that Japanese and US MNCs behave differently in terms of the control that they exercise, with Japanese firms exhibiting a greater tendency to use personal forms of control in their foreign subsidiaries and a lower tendency to use procedural forms of control. In terms of HRM practices, Japanese MNCs are distinctive in relation to pay systems. For example, they are less likely than their US counterparts to use performance-related pay and, more likely, to adopt non-union representative structures in subsidiaries. In line with Kaufman (2016), we argue that the study’s findings provide evidence for the ‘converging divergence phenomenon’ in that both Japanese and US MNCs are adopting the most universal aspects of each other’s management practices and integrating them into their own unique systems of management in response to global market forces. We discuss the theoretical implications for the convergence and divergence of HRM and ER systems, and the development of such systems in Japanese and US MNC subsidiaries.
Keywords: Corporaciones multinacionales; Estados Unidos; Japan; Japon; Japón; US; comparative employment relations; gestion des ressources humaines (GRH); gestión de recursos humanos; human resource management; multinational corporations; multinationales; relaciones laborales comparadas; relations de travail comparées; États-Unis

Quand la perception des employeurs à l’égard des personnes immigrantes influence leurs pratiques de gestion de la diversité - Beaudry, Catherine; Gagnon, Mélanie; Deschênes, Andrée-Anne (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Au Québec comme ailleurs dans le monde, certains groupes demeurent sous-représentés en emploi. Les personnes immigrantes récentes (PIR) font partie de ces groupes qui voient leur participation au marché du travail entravée par différentes barrières, alors qu’ils présentent un taux de chômage nettement plus élevé que les natifs. Cet article s’intéresse au lien entre les perceptions des employeurs à l’égard des PIR et les pratiques de gestion de la diversité contribuant à leur rétention. La démarche méthodologique s’appuie sur un devis exploratoire mixte, alors que 2 376 employeurs ont répondu à un questionnaire et que 87 ont participé à des groupes de discussion. Ces employeurs sont représentés par de propriétaires d’entreprise, des dirigeants, des gestionnaires, des directeurs ou des professionnels en gestion des ressources humaines de divers secteurs d’activité et d’entreprises de taille variée. Les résultats indiquent d’abord un relation positive significative entre les expériences d’embauches des PIR et les perceptions que les employeurs entretiennent à leur égard (r = 0,532, p < 0,01). En groupes de discussion, les participants évoquent l’évolution des perceptions selon la nature de l’expérience d’embauche, positive ou négative. Les résultats témoignent également de relations positives et significatives entre les perceptions et les pratiques de rétention, présentant des coefficients de corrélations de l’ordre de 0,185 à 0,390 (p < 0,01). La phase qualitative permet de constater que lorsque les employeurs perçoivent que les PIR concourent à la performance organisationnelle, ils sont davantage enclins à mettre en place des mesures de gestion de la diversité. Les bénéfices escomptés par les employeurs au regard de l’embauche des PIR modulent leur volonté à mettre en oeuvre diverses mesures de rétention. La gestion réactive de la diversité est alors constatée, quoique certains employeurs procèdent à une réflexion s’orientant vers la proactivité.
Keywords: diversity management; employer perceptions; gestion de la diversité; gestión de la diversidad; organizational employee retention; percepciones de los empleadores; perceptions des employeurs; personas inmigrantes recientes; personnes immigrantes récentes; recent immigrants; retención organizacional; rétention organisationnelle

Travail collectif pluridisciplinaire dans la prévention des risques professionnels complexes : ressources et contraintes du contexte au Québec et en France - Bellemare, Marie; Caroly, Sandrine; Prud’homme, Daniel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Dans le cadre d’une étude menée au sein de services de santé au travail au Québec et en France, nous nous intéressons aux conditions favorables aux pratiques de travail collectif pluridisciplinaire (TCP). Face à des problèmes de santé complexes, tels que les troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS) ou les troubles de santé psychologique (TPS), des professionnels de différents métiers sont amenés à collaborer, notamment pour mener des actions de prévention primaire ayant pour cible les conditions de réalisation du travail. Le contexte dans lequel oeuvrent, d’une part, les équipes de santé au travail (ESAT) au Québec et, d’autre part, les services de santé au travail interentreprises (SSTi) en France diffèrent en raison de leur histoire, leurs cadres juridique et institutionnel, leurs missions et dispositifs.
Keywords: France; Francia; Quebec; Québec; intervención; intervention; medicina del trabajo; musculoskeletal disorders; médecine du travail; occupational health; prevención; salud ocupacional; santé au travail; trastornos musculo-esqueléticos; troubles musculosquelettiques

Les artisans de la lumière. Histoire de la Fraternité interprovinciale des ouvriers en électricité - Bilodeau, Pier-Luc (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Les artisans de la lumière. Histoire de la Fraternité interprovinciale des ouvriers en électricité," by Monique Audet.

Assessing Temporary Foreign Worker Programs Through the Prism of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program: Can They Be Reformed or Should They Be Eliminated? - Binford, Arthur Leigh (Dialectical Anthropology, 2019)
This article assesses Temporary Foreign Worker Programs (TFWPs) through the prism of Canada’s Seasonal Agriculture Worker Program (SAWP), often represented as a model because of the many rights granted workers and the multiple forms of protection put in place to protect those rights. A careful study of the extant anthropological and sociological literatures, including the author’s work, reveal the immense power that growers wield over temporary foreign workers from Mexico and various English-speaking Caribbean nations. Two consequences of this power have been rises in productivity and the expansion of the SAWP, to the point that it dominates key sectors of Canadian agriculture. Workers are either prevented from joining unions or punished, via blacklisting in some cases, for forming local bargaining units. The author suggests that all such programs be dismantled. At the least, the question of the future of TFWPs merits open and frank discussion.
Keywords: Agriculture; Anthropology of Work; Canada; Canadian Politics; Guest workers; Neoliberalism; Social Work Policy; Social Work and Migration; Sociology of Work; Subsistence Agriculture; Temporary Foreign Worker Programs; Unions

The Forgotten Work of Cultural Workers - Bischoping, Katherine; King, Adam D. K. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
This paper is based on work history interviews with a group of nine Toronto theatre workers covering a three-year period. During the interviews, participants did not spontaneously mention 13.1 per cent of their jobs in the creative cultural sector. Because forgotten work fails to register in surveys attempting to assess cultural workers’ contributions to the economy or to ameliorate their precarious conditions, it is important to explore why and how such work could go unreported. We locate the forgetting of cultural work in relation to the complexity and stresses of cultural workers’ schedules and to a discourse that opposes a devotion to art to the pursuit of money. Further, we explore how the participants’ particular tendency to forget their shortest-term jobs is informed by another discourse that prioritizes the building of a goals-based, coherent résumé. Last, we suggest that their surprising propensity to also forget their longest-term jobs can be understood in reference to the “piecework” model of cultural work and to a lack of socially supported remembering strategies. Based on these findings, we recommend improvements to the design of surveys on cultural workers’ work history.

Sept ans de vie professionnelle des jeunes : entre opportunités et contraintes - Bourdon, Sylvain (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Sept ans de vie professionnelle des jeunes : entre opportunités et contraintes," edited by Arnaud Dupray and Emmanuel Quenson.

The Settler Order Framework: Rethinking Canadian Working-Class History - Burrill, Fred (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Canadian labour and working-class history has, to a great extent, been bedevilled in its attempts to understand national trends by the cleavages of gender, region, industry, race, language, and culture. This article argues that one possible way out of this impasse lies in foregrounding the particular relationship between colonial exploitation and class exploitation in our settler colonial economy, both in terms of class formation and in the ongoing project of social reproduction. The adoption of a "settler order framework" seeks to build on important recent works attempting to understand Indigenous peoples' participation in the ranks of those who toil, struggle, and dream of freedom from capitalism, by integrating the fundamental reality of settler workers' ongoing theft of Indigenous land and resources into the story of the Canadian working class.

Settler Colonialism and Labour Studies in Canada: A Preliminary Exploration - Camfield, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The 21st century has seen growing attention to settler colonialism among academic researchers in Canada and internationally. In the Canadian context, interest has been fuelled above all by an ongoing resurgence of Indigenous activism and intellectual work, of which the most visible expression to most non-Indigenous people was the Idle No More movement of 2012–13. To date, however, little attention has been paid to settler colonialism within labour studies, broadly understood. As a modest contribution to remedying this deficiency, this article argues for the importance of understanding Canada as a settler-colonial society, proposes a conceptualization of settler colonialism from the perspective of a historical materialism reconstructed through engagement with Indigenous anticolonial thought, and offers some preliminary reflections on integrating analysis of settler colonialism into historical and contemporary research on labour.

Les discriminations au travail - Champagne, Lysandre (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Les discriminations au travail," by Stéphane Carcillo et Marie-Anne Valfort.

Ballad: To Vote “Yes” Always for the Winnipeg General Strike! - Clarke, George Elliott (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Two-part poem in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919: 1) Prologue; or An introduction to (bourgeois) political economy; 2) Winnipeg: The strike, May-June 1919.

Au coeur des cabinets d’audit et de conseil. De la distinction à la soumission - Coblence, Emmanuel; Deschaintre, Stéphane (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Au coeur des cabinets d’audit et de conseil. De la distinction à la soumission," by Sébastien Stenger.

“Slavery hasn’t ended, it has just become modernized”: Border Imperialism and the Lived Realities of Migrant Farmworkers in British Columbia, Canada - Cohen, Amy (ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 2019)
Border imperialism is a powerful framework for understanding the ways that colonial states manage borders in order to restrict movement of migrants and secure neoliberal economic interests. The present commentary, based on research carried out in British Columbia, Canada, utilizes ethnographic data to highlight the impacts of border imperialism on the everyday lives of temporary migrant farmworkers. First, I discuss how Mexican and Caribbean migrants’ lives are impacted by displacement from farms in their ‘home’ countries. Next, I provide an overview of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and argue that it (along with other circular migration schemes) is a powerful weapon of border imperialism designed to construct migrant precarity and uphold deeply-held notions of “Canadianness.” Finally, I discuss the racialization and criminalization of migrant farm workers and present workers’ testimonials to demonstrate how these processes result in migrants’ exclusion from the nation-state and local communities. Ultimately, I argue that scholars and activists struggling for migrant justice must center the demands of workers in their activism.
Keywords: British Columbia (Canada); Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP); border imperialism; criminalization; migrant labour; racial segregation

Accès à la justice des travailleurs de plateformes numériques : Réponses contrastées des tribunaux canadiens et américains - Coiquaud, Urwana; Martin, Isabelle (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
L’arrivée des plateformes numériques dans le paysage du travail canadien s’accompagne d’un recours croissant aux conventions imposant l’arbitrage (ou clauses compromissoires) comme mode de résolution des conflits. Les travailleurs de plateformes souhaitant faire reconnaître leur statut de salarié au sens des lois sur les normes d’emploi doivent donc s’adresser à un forum privé, parfois situé à l’extérieur du Canada. C’est dans ce contexte que l’invalidation d’une telle clause dans l’affaire Heller v Uber Technologies Inc par la Cour d’appel d’Ontario prend toute son importance. La Cour suprême ayant accepté d’entendre l’appel, empruntera-t-elle la voie du droit américain et permettra-t-elle que ces clauses fassent obstacle aux recours collectifs revendiquant la reconnaissance du statut de salarié ? Notre étude des jugements tant ontariens qu’américains sur la validité des clauses compromissoires liant Uber à ses chauffeurs révèle, à cet égard, le caractère déterminant de l’approche choisie par les tribunaux.
Keywords: Ontario; United States; access to justice; accès à la justice; arbitrage ou clause compromissoire; arbitration clause; dispute resolution mechanism; mode de résolution des conflits; plateformes numériques; status of platform workers; statut des travailleurs; États-Unis

Handbook on In-Work Poverty - Cooke, Gordon (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Handbook on In-Work Poverty," edited by Henning Lohmann and Ive Marx.

La charge de travail perçue des cadres : d’une typologie à une compréhension systémique - Coron, Clotilde (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
La charge de travail des cadres est un phénomène bien documenté : la littérature sur le sujet souligne, entre autres, l’intensification du travail des cadres, ainsi que les effets des réorganisations sur cette intensification. Une étude de cas dans une administration ayant vécu une réorganisation, confrontée à la menace de l’ouverture à la concurrence et caractérisée par un modèle corporatiste, illustre ces points, tout en les accompagnant d’un constat qui incite à approfondir l’analyse. En effet, une première analyse quantitative descriptive révèle que la charge de travail, et surtout le travail « inintéressant », vont croissant quand on s’élève dans la hiérarchie, phénomène qui peut sembler à prime abord étonnant. Une enquête approfondie, qui combine approches quantitative et qualitative, et qui s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique de l’analyse systémique des organisations, permet alors de montrer en quoi la charge de travail est le fruit de facteurs variés. Ceux-ci peuvent être liés à l’ouverture à la concurrence, à la mise en place d’un système de reddition de compte contraignant, mais également à des stratégies mises en place par les différents acteurs afin de gérer leur travail en fonction des ressources à leur disposition et de leur position dans le système. Une typologie nous a conduite à identifier quatre groupes de cadres caractérisés par des perceptions et des stratégies homogènes relatives à la charge de travail. L’analyse systémique permet, ensuite, de comprendre ces stratégies à l’aune du système de l’établissement. Finalement, cette enquête souligne la structuration systémique de la charge de travail des cadres, tout comme l’intérêt d’une méthodologie mixte pour l’appréhender.
Keywords: analyse systémique des organisations; análisis sistemático de organizaciones; cadres; carga de trabajo; charge de travail; manager; metodología mixta; mixed methodology; méthode quantitative; méthodologie mixte; métodos cuantitativos; quantitative method; strategic analysis of organizations; tipología; typologie; typology; workload

West Ham and the River Lea: A Social and Environmental History of London's Industrialized Marshland, 1839-1914 - Cruikshank, Ken (Labour/Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews by the book, "West Ham and the River Lea: A Social and Environmental History of London's Industrialized Marshland, 1839-1914," by Jim Clifford.
Keywords: 20th century; Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Election results; European history; Floods; Geographic information systems; Historians; History–History of North And South America; Industrial development; Industry; Local elections; Municipal government; Politics; Rivers; Union leadership

I Am Not a Tractor: How Florida Farmworkers Took on the Fast Food Giants and Won - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "I Am Not a Tractor: How Florida Farmworkers Took on the Fast Food Giants and Won," by Susan L. Marquis.

Not for Long: The Life and Times of the NFL Athlete - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Not for Long: The Life and Times of the NFL Athlete," by Robert W. Turner II.

Woman Enough: How a Boy became a Woman and Changed the World of Sport - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Woman Enough: How a Boy became a Woman and Changed the World of Sport," by Kirsten Worley and Johanna Schneller.

Contested Formations of Digital Game Labor - de Peuter, Greig; Young, Chris J. (Television & New Media, 2019)
This article introduces a special issue critically investigating contemporary formations of digital game labor, with a focus on the political-economic forces, social inequalities, and technological dynamics mutually shaping these formations. Accounts of game industry practices have been at the forefront of efforts within media studies to document and theorize conditions and transformations of labor under digital capitalism. The study of digital game labor has tended to cluster around four areas of inquiry: below-the-line labor, the creative labor of game development, player-production, and game labor politics. Providing empirically informed portraits of diverse contexts and experiences of gamework, this issue interrogates multiple dimensions of precarious work and social exclusion within an industry whose playful self-image can make it a resistant object of labor-centered analysis. The contributors to this issue promote a research orientation that is attentive to how work in the digital game industry might be made more accessible and sustainable.
Accepted: 2019-11-20T19:58:07Z

The Unexpected Survival of Employer Collective Action in the United Kingdom - Demougin, Philippe; Gooberman, Leon; Hauptmeier, Marco (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Recent research within employment relations has identified how employer collective organizations continue to thrive in countries featuring different institutional characteristics. In the UK, we identify 447 membership-based Employer Organizations (EOs) active within employment relations and human resource management. The volume of organizations identified prompts our research question: what explains the changing role and activities of UK EOs? Country-level studies of EOs continuation use a range of theoretical frameworks to analyze how these organizations have adapted to institutional and economic change, but the most effective mode of analysis is debated. Our contribution is to apply Schmitter and Streeck’s identification of logics driving the behaviour of employer collective organizations, previously applied to coordinated market economies as defined by the Varieties of Capitalism framework, to the UK’s liberal market economy. The article explores the extent to which liberalization prompted new behaviour within UK EOs. Some studies argue that EOs in coordinated market economies adapt by prioritizing logics driving influence over those linked to membership. We explore how the UK’s changing political economy spurred evolution in the application of logics and find that the opposite happened. EOs once used participation within collective bargaining agreements and the governance of tripartite bodies to prioritize the logic of influence but these institutions decayed. It might have been expected that such decay would have caused a withering of EOs but they reconstituted themselves instead. The declining salience of the logic of influence prompted employer bodies to focus to a greater degree on the logic of membership by offering a broader range of member-focused services. Our findings indicate that employer collective bodies can react to liberalization with adaptation, not extinction. We also argue that our methodology could shed light on EOs behaviour in North America.
Keywords: Organizaciones de empleadores; Reino Unido; Royaume-Uni; United Kingdom; acción colectiva; action collective; collective action; employer interest representation; employer organizations; employment relations; organisations d’employeurs; relaciones de empleo; relations de travail; representación de intereses del empleador; représentation des intérêts des employeurs

Des obstacles à la construction de l’identité professionnelle des sexologues - Després, Lyanna; Bergeron, Manon (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Le contexte de la sexologie est unique au Québec, notamment en raison de la formation, du contexte de pratique, de même que de la récente réglementation. La création de l’Ordre professionnel des sexologues du Québec en 2013 marque un moment décisif pour la reconnaissance de la profession de sexologue. Bien que certains chercheurs se soient intéressés à cette profession au Québec et ailleurs, aucune étude ne semble avoir exploré de manière précise la question de l’identité professionnelle des sexologues. Pourtant, certaines études indiquent que la construction de leur identité professionnelle poserait certaines difficultés. Cette recherche exploratoire vise à répondre à la question suivante : Quels sont les obstacles à la construction de l’identité professionnelle des sexologues? Cette recherche se base principalement sur le modèle de la socialisation professionnelle de Dubar (2010) et a été effectuée par l’entremise de 25 entrevues individuelles auprès de diplômés du baccalauréat en sexologie, détenant ou non d’autres diplômes. Les résultats indiquent que le principal obstacle à la construction de l’identité professionnelle réside dans le fait que l’identité collective demeure toujours en cours de définition en raison du caractère récent de la profession et de la réglementation, de même qu’à cause de la diversité du champ de pratique. Les résultats de l’étude procurent une meilleure compréhension des processus contribuant à la construction de l’identité professionnelle des sexologues : ils peuvent fournir des éléments de réflexion tant au milieu académique qu’à ceux de la pratique.
Keywords: Dubar’s professional socialization; identidad profesional; identité professionnelle; metodología cualitativa; méthodologie qualitative; profesión sexólogo; profession sexologue; professional identity; qualitative methodology; sexologie; sexology; sexology profession; sexología; socialisation professionnelle de Dubar; socialización profesional de Dubar

Why Women Have Better Sex Under Socialism: And Other Arguments for Economic Independence - DeWitt, Jessica M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Why Women Have Better Sex Under Socialism: And Other Arguments for Economic Independence," by Kristen R. Ghodsee.

"Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth": The First International in a Global Perspective - Drapeau, Thierry (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, ""Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth": The First International in a Global Perspective," edited by Fabrice Bensimon, Quenton Deluermoz, and Jeanne Moisand.

La construction discursive des rapports de force dans les éditoriaux de La Presse : le cas des médecins et des infirmières - Dufour, Mathieu; Laurin-Lamothe, Audrey (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Par le biais d’une analyse thématique d’éditoriaux de La Presse sur près de 35 ans, soit de 1980 à 2015, nous montrons comment s’est graduellement construit, au Québec, un discours qui prône une augmentation constante de la rémunération des médecins, alors même que, parallèlement, les infirmières recevaient un traitement asymétrique. Notre analyse s’inscrit dans la continuité des recherches sur les facteurs ayant influencé l’évolution de la rémunération des travailleurs à partir des années 1980.
Keywords: La Presse; Quebec; Québec; analyse de contenu; análisis de contenido; discourse analysis; editoriales; editorials; enfermeras; infirmières; medical doctor; médecins; médicos; nurse; salaires; salarios; wages; éditoriaux

La contribution des institutions régionales à la gestion des talents : regards sur la grappe aérospatiale de Montréal - Emilien, Blandine; Lévesque, Christian; Morissette, Lucie; Perez-Lauzon, Sara (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Cette recherche examine comment les institutions contribuent, à travers un processus d’expérimentation, au développement d’une gestion des talents (GDT) au niveau régional, la faisant passer ainsi d’un bien privé à un bien collectif. Ce passage s’opère par la création d’agences, de règles formelles et informelles, ainsi que de réseaux par les parties prenantes qui cherchent à développer et attirer des talents pour l’ensemble d’un écosystème.
Keywords: Montreal aerospace cluster; agrupamiento (cluster) aeroespacial de Montreal; bien colectivo; bien collectif; collective good; gestion des talents; gestión de talentos; grappe aérospatiale montréalaise; instituciones regionales; institutions régionales; regional institutions; talent management

The Effects of Work-Life Benefits on Employment Outcomes in Canada: A Multivariate Analysis - Fang, Tony; Lee, Byron; Timming, Andrew; Fan, Di (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The aim of this study is to examine the empirical question of how the provision of work-life benefits is associated with wages, promotions, and job satisfaction. This is an important question for industrial relations scholars and one that, as yet, has no definitive answer. In order to answer this question, we employ both economic theory and methods. Specifically, the economic theories being tested are the compensating wage differentials theory and the efficiency wage theory. To test the efficacy of each theory, we use econometric techniques using longitudinal data from the most recent Workplace and Employee Survey of Canada. We use regression to unpack the effects of work-life benefits on various employment outcomes and employ instrumental variables to mitigate against reverse causality. We find broad support for the efficiency wage theory. Alternatively stated, we find that increases in benefits are not associated with decreases in wages and other employment outcomes. If bundled correctly, work-life benefits are positively associated with increased wages, a greater number of promotions, enhanced employee morale in the form of job satisfaction, and improved employee retention. These results suggest that the provision of work-life benefits is not a zero-sum game for employers and employees. On the contrary, it appears that both parties to the employment relationship can benefit from work-life benefits.
Keywords: Canada; conciliación trabajo-familia; conciliation travail-famille; job satisfaction; promoción; promotion; salaire; salarios; satisfacción laboral; satisfaction au travail; wages; work-life benefits

Radical Ambition: The New Left in Toronto - Finkel, Alvin (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Radical Ambition: The New Left in Toronto," by Peter Graham and Ian McKay.

Industrial Relations in Singapore: Practice and Perspective - Floyd, Louise (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Industrial Relations in Singapore: Practice and Perspective," by Oun Hean Loh.

Les services essentiels au Québec et la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés - Fontaine, Laurence (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Les services essentiels au Québec et la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés," by Jean Bernier.

Anglo-American Multinationals in Europe: The Curious Case of Hudson’s Bay Company Taking over Galeria Kaufhof - Gebert, Raoul (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Multinational corporations are undeniably the driving force of globalization and regional economic integration. A convenient institutional framework (Hall and Soskice, 2001) to apply when comparing multinationals from different host countries is the well-travelled road of dividing capitalist economies into coordinated market economies (CMEs) and liberal market economies (LMEs). This article aims to elucidate the tensions between centralized human resources practices and labour union avoidance usually exhibited by multinationals from so-called Liberal Market Economies (LMEs) when they expand into coordinated ones (CMEs). Specifically, it examines the recent acquisition of the German retail giant Galeria Kaufhof by the Canadian multinational Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC). The article shows that HBC has settled into an uneasy acceptance of the CME institutions, while its investment motives vacillate between a long-term, market-enlargement strategy and a short- to medium-term one, based on the rapidly increasing real estate value of its downtown flagship stores. The article encourages researchers in IR to retain three principal conclusions for the literature and for further study. First, without predetermining outcomes by looking at host-country or home-country effects alone, institutionalist frameworks do present a convenient backdrop for conceptualizing movements of multinationals across jurisdictions. Secondly, concepts such as bricolage, recombining of institutional elements and institutional entrepreneurship, stemming from the institutional change literature, should routinely figure in one’s analytical toolbox, in any attempt at non-deterministic institutional analysis. Finally, sector-level actors, such as trade unions and employers’ associations, can play an essential role in any successful adaptation of collective bargaining institutions in the context of globalization by developing, maintaining and carefully utilizing their repertoire of strategic capabilities.
Keywords: asociación de empleadores; associations d’employeurs; capacidades estratégicas; capacités stratégiques; employers’ associations; institucionalismo; institutionalism; institutionnalisme; multinacionales; multinationales; multinationals; sindicatos; strategic capabilities; syndicats; trade unions

Dix concepts pour penser le nouveau monde du travail - Gentil, Olivier (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Dix concepts pour penser le nouveau monde du travail," edited by Daniel Mercure and Mircea Vultur.

Union and Communist Party Influences on the Environment in China - Ghorbani, Majid; Gunderson, Morley; Lee, Byron (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
We examine the ways in which two major and related governmental institutions of China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) and government controlled All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU), exert different effects on the attitudes and behaviour of people toward the environment. Our motivation is to see which institution is more effective in making individuals ‘aware’ of environmental issues, expressing a ‘willingness to pay’ to alleviate the problems, and ultimately to ‘act’ on the issue by altering their behaviour. Based on theories of planned behaviour and social learning, we hypothesize that membership in the CPC as well as in the ACFTU fosters an ‘awareness’ of environmental problems and a ‘willingness to make a sacrifice’ to protect the environment, but that members of the ACFTU are more likely than members of the CPC to act on the issue by altering their behaviour. We test our hypothesis based on a nationally representative sample (n = 3112) from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). Our results indicate that both the Party and the union have positive effects on ‘awareness’ and ‘willingness to pay’, but the union effect is generally stronger and only it (and not the Party) affects individual behaviour toward protecting the environment. Unions in China are generally regarded as having little or no independent power to organize workers and engage in free collective bargaining. Their role is to foster harmony between workers and employers and to co-opt grassroots actions, wildcat strikes and the growth of independent unions, all in the interest of fostering stability and growth. While this is undoubtedly the case, our results are consistent with an emerging view of a more variegated picture of Chinese trade unions that highlights some more positive elements, in our case, fostering ‘actions’ to improve the environment in China.
Keywords: China; Chine; Communist Party of China; Parti communiste chinois; Partido Comunista de China; actitudes; attitudes; behaviour; comportamiento; comportements; environment; environnement; instituciones; institutions; medio ambiente; sindicatos; syndicats; unions

Hard Work Conquers All: Building the Finnish Community in Canada - Goings, Aaron (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Hard Work Conquers All: Building the Finnish Community in Canada," edited by Michel S. Beaulieu, David K. Ratz, and Ronald N. Harpelle.

Accomplishment is to be celebrated but also creates a benchmark / Des réalisations à souligner et une référence pour l’avenir - Gould, Anthony; Hallée, Yves (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
We are honoured to take over as the editors of RI/IR. Our new responsibility, formally assumed in September 2018, weighs heavily on us. We know that the journal is special. Since 1945, it has carved out a reputation for being at the vanguard in presenting research concerning work, employment and the labour market, as well as for being transcendent in how it delivers its product. RI/IR distinguishes itself from its rivals in the way it brings together professionals from disparate cultural, linguistic and epistemological backgrounds. Much like Canada itself, the journal serves as a reminder that diversity is a strength and that respect for difference, far from being a matter of jaundiced tolerance, is in fact a critical precursor of greatness. Aside from its role as a broad church of ideas, methodologies and ideological orientations, RI/IR has provided a platform for francophone scholars to showcase their work alongside their Anglophone peers. / Nous sommes honorés d’assumer le rôle de directeurs de la revue Relations industrielles/Industrial Relations (RI/IR) et nous mesurons pleinement l’importance de cette nouvelle responsabilité, dont nous sommes formellement investis depuis le mois de septembre 2018. Notre revue est particulière, nous le savons. Depuis 1945, elle s’est forgé une réputation avant-gardiste grâce à la publication de travaux de recherche novateurs sur le travail, l’emploi et le marché du travail, tout en se surpassant dans sa façon de diffuser son produit. RI/IR se démarque de ses concurrents par sa capacité à rassembler des professionnels de diverses origines culturelles, linguistiques et épistémologiques. Tout comme le Canada, la revue rappelle, par son essence même, que la diversité est une force et le respect de la différence, loin d’être une tolérance amère, constitue un précurseur essentiel de la grandeur. Au-delà de son rôle d’incarner un large spectre d’idées, de méthodologies et d’orientations idéologiques, RI/IR offre aux chercheurs francophones une plateforme qui leur permet de présenter leurs travaux à côté de leurs homologues anglophones. –Introduction

Politics of the Pantry: Housewives, Food, and Consumer Protest in Twentieth-Century America - Guard, Julie (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Politics of the Pantry: Housewives, Food, and Consumer Protest in Twentieth-Century America," by Emily E. LB. Twarog.
Keywords: 20th century; Activists; African Americans; American history; Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Consumers; Consumption; Federal regulation; Feminism; Food security; Gender; History–History of North And South America; Political activism; Prices; Womens rights; Working class

Renewing Labour’s Engagement with Old Forms of Precarity: A Case Study of Unionization of Migrant Agricultural Workers in British Columbia - Hastie, Bethany (Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société, 2019)
This article examines the efforts to unionize Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) workers in British Columbia, Canada. Through an examination of three key legal cases, Greenway, Sidhu & Sons and Floralia, this article demonstrates the positive role that unionization and collective bargaining can have in improving working conditions and security for migrant agricultural workers in Canada. Specifically, through these cases, this article explores the strategies deployed by unions in organizing and collective bargaining processes to resist the problematic consequences associated with the SAWP’s circularity and system for recalling workers, and how those strategies enhance workers’ job security, rights and voice as workers. Together, these cases demonstrate the potential of labour law to shift conditions and experiences of work for migrants, and to enable workers to negotiate decent work, access rights and improve working conditions. Though focused on Canada’s SAWP, this article bears important implications for migrant agricultural workers in many other jurisdictions, and internationally.

Janus v AFSCME, Council 31: Judges Will Haunt You in the Second Gilded Age - Herbert, William (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
This essay examines the United States Supreme Court’s 2018 decision in Janus v AFSCME, Council 31, which concluded that agency shop provisions violate the First Amendment rights of public sector workers who are not union members but receive the fruits of the representation. This decision reversed over 40 years of precedent and imposed “right to work” as a new federal constitutional mandate, fulfilling the dream of anti-union forces since the first Gilded Age. The essay begins with a brief history of the open shop movement and the development of the agency shop as a constitutionally permissible form of union security in the private and public sectors. It then describes how an activist Supreme Court majority undermined the constitutionality of the agency shop, which set the stage for the Janus decision. The essay summarizes the majority and dissenting opinions in Janus, and describes how unions, employers, and some state legislatures are responding to the decision’s immediate impact.
Keywords: Affaire Janus; First Amendment; Janus case; United States; collective bargaining; droits et libertés; labour relations; négociation collective; premier amendement; précompte syndical obligatoire; public sector; relations de travail; rights and freedoms; secteur public; union fees; États-Unis

Article 23(4) Trade Union Rights and the United Nations policy of devolution on labour relations - Hilgert, Jeffrey (Labor History, 2019)
Article 23(4) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states ‘Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.’ This article documents the global legislative history of Article 23(4) trade union rights from its original drafting to interpretation by international labour standards. The history includes debates on the fundamental principles of trade union rights, the decision by ECOSOC to ignore a call to establish a permanent UN Commission on Trade Union Rights, the devolution of authority from the United Nations to the International Labour Organization, how ILO international law experts framed trade union rights as a subset of the freedom of association, and the treatment of labour relations policy, including compulsory union membership, that resulted under international human rights norms. The history is discussed as one that confines standards of policy on labour rights in the global political economy and has particular implications for the discourse on labour rights as human rights.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2019.1573975
Keywords: Human rights; International Labour Organization; United Nations; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; freedom of association; trade union rights

The Prairie Populist: George Hara Williams and the Untold Story of the CCF - Hoffman, George (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Prairie Populist: George Hara Williams and the Untold Story of the CCF," by John F. Conway.
Keywords: Activists; Agricultural cooperatives; Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Canadian history; Careers; Farms; Federations; History–History of North And South America; Personal profiles; Political history; Political leadership; Populism; Provincial elections; Socialism

The Economics of Trade Unions: A Study of a Research Field and its Findings - Kaufman, Bruce (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Economics of Trade Unions: A Study of a Research Field and its Findings," by Hristos Doucouliagos, Richard B. Freeman and Patrice Laroche.

The Communist International, Anti-Imperialism and Racial Equality in British Dominions - Kealey, Gregory S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Communist International, Anti-Imperialism and Racial Equality in British Dominions," by Oleksa Drachewych.

Gender and Working-Class Identity in Deindustrializing Sudbury, Ontario - King, Adam D.K. (Journal of Working-Class Studies, 2019)
In this article I explore the making of a gendered working-class identity among a sample of male nickel miners in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Through 26 oral history interviews conducted between January 2015 and July 2018 with current and retired miners (ages 26 to 74), I analyze how the industrial relations framework and social relations of the postwar period shaped – and continue to shape – a masculinized working-class identity. I then examine the ways in which economic restructuring and the partial deindustrialization of Sudbury’s mines have affected workers’ ideas about gender and class. I argue that, amid growing precarious employment in both the mining industry and the regional economy more broadly, the male workers in this study continue to gender their class identities, which limits attempts to build working-class solidarity in a labor market now largely characterized by feminized service sector employment.

On the Road to Global Labour History: A Festschrift for Marcel van der Linden - Kirk, Neville (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "On the Road to Global Labour History: A Festschrift for Marcel van der Linden," edited by Karl Heinz Roth.
Keywords: Book reviews; Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Essays; Historians; History–History of North And South America; Labor relations; Research; Researchers; Scholars; Studies; Transnationalism

The Last Suffragist Standing: The Life and Times of Laura Marshall Jamieson - Kvill, Kesia (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Last Suffragist Standing: The Life and Times of Laura Marshall Jamieson," by Veronica Strong-Boag.

Workers and Nationalism: Czech and German Social Democracy in Habsburg Austria 1890–1918 - Lalande, J.-Guy (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Workers and Nationalism: Czech and German Social Democracy in Habsburg Austria 1890–1918," by Jakub S. Beneš.

Marijuana Legalization in Canada: Insights for Workplaces from Case Law Analysis - Lam, Helen (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The legalization of marijuana in Canada is expected to have a significant impact on workplaces, requiring the development or updating of company drug-related policies and procedures. To help employment relations stakeholders with this change, recommendations are made based on an analysis of 93 past arbitration/tribunal/court cases involving marijuana-related policy violations, drawn from the Labour Source database. Issues addressed include language and communication of the work rule, reasonableness of drug tests, standard of proof, duty to accommodate, and mitigating factors. Based on the study of those 93 court cases, some recommendations can be formulated. First, employers need to clearly state their drug-related policies, taking into consideration safety-sensitivity and any substance abuse culture. This may include prohibition of possession, use, and distribution of drugs at the workplace or working under the influence, and the need to report any medical drug use that requires accommodation. Drug tests should only be done when there is a bona fide occupational requirement or where safety is a concern, such as post-incident or when there is reasonable suspicion of drug impairment. Also, it is important to understand that positive drug test results can only show past drug use but not the level of impairment or whether the drug was used while on a work shift. Therefore, to support an offence violation and discipline, corroborating evidence from multiple witnesses and sources are often necessary. Supervisors should be trained to identify the characteristics related to marijuana and drug impairment and the procedures to follow when an incident occurs. Employers must be cognizant of the duty to accommodate medical marijuana users or recreational users who are addicted, under human rights protection for disability. Such accommodation may include work reassignment or a leave of absence. In deciding on a penalty, other than past performance and disciplinary records and personal extenuating circumstances, arbitrators may consider rehabilitation situations to assess the prognosis and viability of the employment relationship. Employers and unions are advised to stay abreast of latest developments in the laws, drug test technologies and medical research related to marijuana use.
Keywords: Canada; Canadá; case law; drug testing; duty to accommodate; jurisprudence; jurisprudencia; legislación; lugar de trabajo; légalisation; marihuana; marijuana; marijuana legalization; medida de acomodamiento; mesure d’accommodement; milieu de travail; prueba de detección; test de dépistage; toxicomanie; toxicomanía; workplace drug addiction

The Half-Life of Deindustrialization: Working Class Writing about Economic Restructuring - Lawson, Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Half-Life of Deindustrialization: Working Class Writing about Economic Restructuring," by Sherry Lee Linkon.

Travail et emploi des femmes - Le Capitaine, Catherine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Travail et emploi des femmes," by Margareth Maruani.

Contemporary Challenges Teaching Labour History - Leier, Mark (James Mark); Harter, John-Henry; McCartney, Dale M.; Samoil, Andrea (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Partial contents note: Introduction / Mark Leier – Teaching labour history and organizing skills with movement activists / Mark Leier – Teaching the present to learn the past / John-Henry Harter – Teaching labour history to international students / Dale M. McCartney – Scripted celebration: issues in commemorating modern labour history / Andrea Samoil.

Valleyfield 1946 - Lévesque, Andrée; LaGrenade, Pierre (Nouveaux Cahiers du socialisme, 2019)
Discusses the workers' confrontation with Dominion Textile in Valleyfield, Québec, in 1946. Also discusses the pivotal role played by labour organizers Kent Rowley and Madeleine Parent. Includes photos.

Proletarianization of Professional Employees and Underemployment of General Intellect in a "Knowledge Economy": Canada, 1982–2016 - Livingstone, D. W. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Proletarianization refers to the subordination of hired labour to the owners of capital. This inquiry assesses the extent of proletarianization of professional employees on the basis of a distinctive series of national surveys of the general labour force in Canada between 1982 and 2016. Non-managerial professional employees are distinguished from professionals in other class positions (i.e. professional employers, self-employed professionals, and professional managers) with whom they have been conflated in much of the prior research. The findings suggest increasing proletarianization of professional employees during this period in terms of declining job autonomy and decreasing participation in organizational decision-making, as well as increasing underemployment and more critical political attitudes. But there is also evidence of increasing qualifications and development of "general intellect" among more traditional working-class employees, as well as even more extensive underemployment. Implications of convergence between the proletarianization of professional employees, as a "new working class," and the qualifications and perceived working conditions of other non-managerial hired labour in emergent "knowledge economies" are discussed. More careful distinctions between non-managerial professional employees and professionals in other class positions in future studies are recommended.

More Dangerous Than Many a Pamphlet or Propaganda Book: The Ukrainian Canadian Left, Theatre, and Propaganda in the 1920s - Luciuk, Kassandra (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
For Ukrainian Canadian leftists, the 1920s represented a golden age of domestic cultural production. The strict hierarchy that constituted the communist movement in the 1930s was not yet extant, and the realm of possibilities was limited only by the imagination of the organization itself. The material produced in this period was neither crass agitprop nor cheap melodrama. Rather, it was bottom-up expressions of proletarian high culture and organic reflections of the social, economic, and political realities that constituted the experiences of Ukrainian progressives in Canada. As such, in the 1920s, the theatre served as the movement's most effective vehicle for political propaganda and ethnocultural instruction.

In Defence of Home Places: Environmental Activism in Nova Scotia - MacDowell, Laurel Sefton (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "In Defence of Home Places: Environmental Activism in Nova Scotia," by Mark R. Leeming.
Keywords: Activists; Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Environmental protection; Environmentalism; Environmentalists; Grass roots movement; History–History of North And South America; Nuclear power plants; Political activism; Politicians; Uranium

Job Insecurity and Abusive Supervision - Mao, Hsiao-Yen; Chien, Yuan-Yu; Hsieh, An-Tien (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Because of increased market uncertainty, employers today often do not guarantee job security and employees increasingly perceive such a state, often with trepidation. Employees who have relatively insecure jobs tend to feel mistreated by their managers. This study examines the relationship between the work places where jobs are mostly insecure and employee perception of abusive supervision, and the moderating role of a relational mechanism of perceived social worth at work. The conservation of resources (COR) perspective is used to guide analysis. This perspective provides competing rationales for employee acquisition/preservation of resources and ensuing abusive supervision. In a two-wave panel survey, 271 full-time employees with various occupations completed two questionnaires. Results indicate that job insecurity is positively associated with abusive supervision. This association is stronger for employees who perceive higher social worth at work. There is limited research investigating how managerial/leadership effectiveness varies in workplaces where job’s are insecure. Moreover, a relational mechanism of social worth has rarely been used to examine the phenomenon of job insecurity. Although literature shows employees’ perception of job insecurity leads them to increase work input/effort to make themselves more valuable and worthy of remaining in the organization, this does not mean that they will be more likely to notions such as management prerogative on their employer’s authority. Ironically, leadership, in particular, tends to be undermined when jobs are insecure as our findings show that insecure subordinates tend to perceive themselves experiencing supervisory abuse. To address this malaise, practical implications for organizations, supervisors, and subordinates are proposed and complementary practices are discussed to differentiate high social-worth employees from others.
Keywords: abusive supervision; conservación de recursos; conservation des ressources; conservation of resources; inestabilidad laboral; insécurité d’emploi; job insecurity; perceived social worth; supervision abusive; supervisión abusiva; valeur sociale perçue; valor social percibido

Retail Worker Politics, Race and Consumption in South Africa: Shelved in the Service Economy - Matulewicz, Kaitlyn (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Retail Worker Politics, Race and Consumption in South Africa: Shelved in the Service Economy," by Bridget Kenny.

The Struggle to Decommodify the Service Sector: The Canadian Auto Workers and the Casino Industry - Mazar, Alissa (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Research objective: Through relatively higher unionization rates within the casino industry, casino employment provides a counterexample to the connection between low-skill service work and low wages. The existing literature, however, suggests that casino workers embrace a commodified vision of their labour. It is of interest to understand whether and how unions are successful in decommodifying both ideologically and materially, wage entitlements in this expanding industry as this is a main mechanism through which unions challenge income inequality. This article examines the Canadian Auto Workers’ (CAW) attempt to decommodify wages in the casino industry. Methodology: These findings are based on a case study of Casino Windsor, located in Windsor, Ontario—the automotive capital of Canada and the first city to host a resort casino outside of Atlantic City and Las Vegas. Ninety-one interviews were conducted with Windsor stakeholders (20), and automotive (43) and casino (28) workers. The local newspaper from 1994-2014 is also examined and descriptive statistics are utilized. Results: Casino workers initially did adopt a decommodified vision of wage entitlements; yet, due to political—the New Democratic Party of Ontario—and institutional—low sectoral union density—forces, casino workers during 2014-2015 interviews embrace a service mind where wages are determined by a market-oriented human capital model. Conclusions: CAW union representatives and the casino membership now view the CAW’s attempt to bring an industrial mindset into the casino as a mistake, naturalizing the link between decommodified wages in automotive manufacturing and the market-oriented wage entitlements of the service sector. This case study marks a critical lost opportunity by the CAW to decommodify wage entitlements in the casino industry and the broader service sector.
Keywords: casino; empleos; emploi; employment; labour union; salaire; salario; secteur des services; sector de servicios; service sector; sindicato; syndicat; wage

Labor and the Class Idea in the United States and Canada - McBride, Stephen (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Labor and the Class Idea in the United States and Canada," by Barry Eidlin.
Keywords: Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Collective bargaining; History–History of North And South America; Labor force; Political parties; Sociology; Working class

The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics - McInnis, Peter S. (Peter Stuart) (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics," by Jefferson Cowie.
Keywords: Aliens; American history; Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Capitalism; Community support; Great Depression; History–History of North And South America; Manypeople; New Deal; Political parties; Presidents; Reforms; Working class

Disruption in Detroit: Autoworkers and the Elusive Postwar Boom - Milloy, Jeremy (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Disruption in Detroit: Autoworkers and the Elusive Postwar Boom," by Daniel J. Clark.

The Geography of Skill: Mobility and Exclusionary Unionism in Canada’s North - Mills, Suzanne (Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2019)
This paper explores the spatial politics of racism and inter-worker competition through a case study of Indigenous employment during the construction of the Voisey’s Bay mine in northern Labrador. Over the course of construction, the building and construction trades unions (BCTUs) sought to restrict the hiring of local Inuit and Innu workers by challenging the legitimacy of place-based entitlements to work. Inuit and Innu workers had preferential access to employment as a result of unresolved land claims and the ensuing Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBA) between the Voisey’s Bay Nickel Company and both the Innu Nation and the Labrador Inuit Association. IBA provisions that local Inuit and Innu be hired preferentially ran counter to the unions’ organizational structures and cultures, which privileged worker mobility and skill. The BCTUs used the geographic incompatibility between the scale of Indigenous claims and that of construction worker organization to justify a competitive approach to unionism and to veil racist portrayals of Innu and Inuit workers. By drawing out the relation between skill, racism and beliefs about entitlements to work, this paper explores how workers selectively use place-based and mobile identities to participate in inter-worker competition, reifying colonial patterns of labour mobility and labour market segmentation.

One Hundred Years of Struggle: The History of Women and the Vote in Canada - Mitchell, Stephanie (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "One Hundred Years of Struggle: The History of Women and the Vote in Canada," by Joan Sangster.
Keywords: Activism; Activists; Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Feminism; Gender; History–History of North And South America; Narratives; Religion; Society; Womens history; Womens suffrage

Marxism and Criminology: A History of Criminal Selectivity - Mitrani, Sam (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Marxism and Criminology: A History of Criminal Selectivity," by Valeria Vegh Weis.

The Speech Bill Pritchard Never Gave - Naylor, James; Mitchell, Tom (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Introduction and text of a speech that was to be given in 1970 at the University of Winnipeg by socialist politician and publicist William "Bill" Pritchard (1888-1981), who was a leading defendant at the sedition trial held in the aftermath of the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919.

Endangered Resources: The Role of Organizational Justice and Interpersonal Trust as Signals for Workplace Corruption - Neveu, Jean-Pierre; Kakavand, Benjamin (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
This study examines workplace corruption from the perspective of individual psychological processes. Existing literature has shown how corrupt behaviours can emerge from various kinds of motivations, including manipulation, retaliation, and conformity. This research suggests yet another path, where corruption stems from a motivation to preserve resources that individuals perceive to be threatened by their professional environment. As such, the study is grounded in conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001). We put forward an original model that introduces the notion of resource signals. An enrichment of original COR theory, resource signals correspond to individuals’ perceptions that the work environment is supportive, or, otherwise, of their need for resource development and preservation. Specifically, the study tests a moderated mediation model where a sense of mastery, a personal resource, moderates the impact of resource signals, including distributive justice, procedural justice, and interpersonal trust, on occupational corruption. Results are drawn from a sample of French public sector employees (n = 575). They validate the hypothesized mediating role of trust between both facets of organizational justice and measures of corruption, including bribery and property deviance. An indirect negative effect, however, is strongest between procedural justice and workplace corruption. As hypothesized, a sense of mastery significantly moderates the link between trust and both corruption types. This research contributes to both theory and practice. By integrating resource signals within a COR framework, it shows that corrupt behaviours are to be gauged against interacting motivations for preserving psychological resources. Consequently, this study also suggests that organizations should go beyond ethics and procedures, and to consider workplace corruption as a potential symptom of organizational signals perceived as threats to individuals’ valued resources.
Keywords: comportamiento en el trabajo; comportement au travail; confiance interpersonnelle; confianza interpersonal; conservation of resources theory; interpersonal trust; justice organisationnelle; justicia organizacional; organizational justice; sensación de control; sense of mastery; sentiment de maîtrise; teoría de la conservación de recursos; théorie de la conservation des ressources; workplace behaviour

Arkansas's Gilded Age: The Rise, Decline, and Legacy of Populism and Working-Class Protest - Newkirk, Anthony (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Arkansas's Gilded Age: The Rise, Decline, and Legacy of Populism and Working-Class Protest," by Matthew Hild.
Keywords: 19th century; Activists; American history; Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Conventions; Governors; History–History of North And South America; Local elections; Political parties; State elections; Strikes; Third party; Working class

Transnational Radicalism and the Connected Lives of Tom Mann and Robert Samuel Ross - Nolan, Melanie (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Transnational Radicalism and the Connected Lives of Tom Mann and Robert Samuel Ross," by Neville Kirk.

"Maybe We Shouldn't Laugh So Loud": The Hostility and Welcome Experienced by Foreign Nurses on Temporary Work Permits in Nova Scotia, Canada - Nourpanah, Shiva (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
My research explores the labour conditions experienced by foreign nurses employed in health care in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, on temporary permits. I draw on ethnographic interviews to understand the nuanced ways in which foreign nurses feel welcomed in their local communities and work-places, yet simultaneously remain subject to hostile racialized scrutiny. Nova Scotia is one of the least ethnically diverse provinces in Canada and one of the most economically impoverished. It faces a shortage of healthcare workers, exacerbated by the ongoing restructuring of the healthcare sector. These contextual factors contribute to the complicated push-pull matrix discussed by the temporary foreign nurses, who feel needed, but not wanted. This matrix cannot be dismissed as simply the racism and "backwardness" of local communities. Rather, it must be understood through a political economy focus on temporary foreign workers, restructured health care, and the normalization of a precarious labour landscape in which racialized foreign and local workers are pitted against each other.

Workers’ Knowledge and Views on Interaction with Health and Safety Representatives: An Exploratory Qualitative Study - Ollé-Espluga, Laia; Vergara-Duarte, Montse; Menéndez-Fuster, María; Benach, Joan; Vázquez, María-Luisa (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The action of health and safety representatives (HSRs) has proven beneficial for workers’ occupational health, but a number of determining factors can diminish HSRs’ effectiveness. One understudied factor shaping HSRs’ effectiveness is the interaction that exists between workers and HSRs, that is, the relationship that workers and their representatives establish with each other throughout a wide range of processes. In this paper, we explore the workers’ knowledge and opinions of their interaction with HSRs and its determinants. We undertook a qualitative exploratory and descriptive-interpretative study by means of 22 semi-structured interviews with a theoretical sample of workers from Barcelona and Girona (Spain). Results show a vast unawareness of HSRs’ existence and functions among workers; only the few workers who know the HSRs personally describe interaction processes with them, mainly concerning hazard identification. Some of the workers mentioned processes of interaction with unions regarding health and safety at work. These processes consist mainly in raising issues with union representatives and, in a more limited way, in associating with occupational health mobilizations and participating in decision-making processes. Determining factors of the interaction between workers and -health and safety or union- representatives emerge strongly in relation to representatives and workers and, in a more diluted way, with regard to the context or the firm. The study contributes to the research concerning the building of relations of representativeness as a way to better understand (and represent) workers’ needs and provides strategic insight for collective representation bodies to regain their legitimacy.
Keywords: Espagne; España; Spain; interacción; interaction; occupational health; participación de los trabajadores; participation des travailleurs; salud laboral; santé et sécurité au travail; worker participation

Analyse juridique de la liberté de religion dans les entreprises françaises : entre protection du pouvoir de l’employeur et défense de la volonté du salarié - Pailot, Philippe; de Saint-Affrique, Diane (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Dans un monde globalisé marqué par le multiculturalisme et le pluralisme confessionnel, la place du religieux cristallise les débats médiatiques, politiques, intellectuels et juridiques dans beaucoup de pays occidentaux. Sur fond de difficultés d’intégration professionnelle de personnes de confession musulmane et de discriminations religieuses au travail, la question du fait religieux s’est invitée dans les entreprises où les manifestations des convictions religieuses se sont diversifiées et complexifiées. L’analyse de ce phénomène social se caractérise par une diversité d’approches et d’angles de vue. Elle illustre tout à la fois la richesse, mais aussi la complexité des enjeux soulevés par les études du lien entre religion et management.
Keywords: entrepreneurial freedom; fait religieux; freedom of religion; hecho religioso; libertad de religión; libertas de empresa; liberté de religion; liberté d’entreprendre; principe de neutralité; principio de neutralidad; principle of neutrality; religion

How Can We Write Better Histories of Communism? - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
At the current conjuncture, histories of Canadian Communism seem analytically stalled in a fruitless (if inadequately addressed) historiographic impasse, ordered by oppositions: Moscow domination vs. local autonomy; authoritarianism vs. the pursuit of social justice. We need to confront these experiences, not as dichotomies, but as related phenomena, developing our histories of Communism around more totalizing appreciations that encompass both sides of a seemingly divided logic of classification. Having myself tried to see beyond the limiting oppositions of the extant historiography, I will explore how certain historians seem unwilling to look past the conveniently counter-posed analyses of two existing schools of thought, labelled traditionalists/revisionists in the United States and essentialists/realists in the United Kingdom. As distortions of my own writing suggest, we have reached a point where it is both appropriate and necessary to be more rigorous and fair-minded in our characterization of the historiography. –Introduction

The New New Poor Law: A Chapter in the Current Class War Waged from Above - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
This essay is an attempt to outline recent trends in the criminalization of working-class lives. It casts the net broadly, both historically and geographically, situating capitalist austerity's recent turn to mass incarceration in the United States and Canada in early 19th-century poor law sensibilities. What is happening now differs from the workhouse regime of industrial capitalism's new poor law, of course, but it has undoubted connections to this older regime of regulation. The new new poor law of our times is part of a long history of how dispossession has been pivotal to capitalism's project of uninhibited accumulation and suppression of those driven to defiance and dissent. It reveals how, as profit declines in the productive sphere, incarceration itself can be made to pay. The new new poor law is fundamental to contemporary capitalist political economy as the politics of austerity, the dismantling of the welfare state, and an assault on working-class entitlements and trade unionism are complemented by the rise of a prison-industrial complex. Driven by class antagonisms and racialized scapegoating, the new new poor law inevitably draws into its sphere of influence public-sector workers employed in the criminal justice system. It also unleashes intensified grievances of the incarcerated, stimulating the birth of movements of protest in which prisoners and proletarians search out ways of making common cause.

Waiting for the Revolution: The British Far Left from 1956 - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Waiting for the Revolution: The British Far Left from 1956," edited by Evan Smith and Matthew Worley.

1919: Lessons and legacy - Palmer, Bryan D.; Carleton, Sean; Smith, Julia; Toews, Owen; Graphic History Collective; Lester, David; Leedham, Emily (Canadian Dimension, 2019)
Provides an illustrated overview of the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 and its significance today for working-class organizations and socialism. Contents: Introduction: Revisiting the workers' revolt in Winnipeg / Sean Carleton and Julia Smith (p. 23) – 1919: Recovering a a legacy / Bryan D. Palmer (pp. 24 - 31, 40) [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/1919-recovering-a-legacy] – 1919: A graphic history of the Winnipeg General Strike [reproduction of the cover and illustrations from the book by the Graphic History Collective and David Lester] (pp. 32, 36-37) – Red flags: Reflections on racism and radicalism / Owen Yoews (pp. 33-35, 40) [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/red-flags-reflections-on-racism-and-radicalism] – From 1919 to the fight for $15: Working-class organizing in Winnipeg today / Emily Leedham (pp. 38-30) [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/from-1919-to-the-fight-for-15-working-class-organizing-in-winnipeg-today].

In Defense of Making Things: Why Manufacturing Still Matters - Pelagidis, Theodore; Mitsopoulos, Michael (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
A relatively recent International Monetary Fund (IMF) publication is not the only voice that suggests the possibility of achieving prosperity and growth in the modern age without the need to have a strong manufacturing base. Like agriculture before the industrial revolution, “making things” appears to take the back seat as services, and in particular knowledge intensive services that determine “how to make things”, take over as growth drivers. Of course, the trends of progress are irreversible, and “making things” will constitute a shrinking part of employment and, possible value created. The latter will most likely be even truer if one cannot separate perfectly the value of incorporated services, as the knowledge content of the “things made” and the incorporated services build their own complex interactions and grow exponentially. However, as we argue here, there will always be a need to make things (including the occasional spacesuit taking a drive in its interstellar Tesla car). Even as the relationship between physical manufacturing, knowledge and services becomes more blurred, manufacturing will remain an indispensable ingredient of the final product. As pointed out in the literature, the role of manufacturing is and will never be the same for developing and developed countries, performing different roles in both. For developing countries, it will still contribute towards the rapid development of key skills that will complete the skills set of the country, and for developed countries, it will have a mature and symbiotic relationship with services, ensuring the proximity of the know-how and the production of goods that incorporate it, seamless cooperation, and design and service development at the frontier. –Introduction

Introduction to Workplace Safety and Health Management - Pérusse, Michel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Introduction to Workplace Safety and Health Management," by Goh Yang Miang.

Le travail gestionnaire comme psychopolitique au service de la transformation sociale du Québec : une étude du journal Les Affaires, 1928–1933 - Pezet, Anne (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Cet article porte sur un type de travail trop peu étudié : le travail gestionnaire. À la suite de Braverman, nous considérons qu'il s'agit là d'un travail à part entière. Ses caractéristiques sont cependant différentes de celles du travail ouvrier. Si ce dernier relève de la biopolitique par le travail qu'il produit sur les corps, le travail gestionnaire relève d'une psychopolitique destinée à forger un nouvel individu défini par des habiletés, techniques, cognitives et surtout psychologiques. Assumant une position éducative, le journal Les Affaires publié au Québec à partir de 1928 entreprend, entre autres projets, de définir le travail gestionnaire et de produire ainsi un discours qui permet de légitimer la transformation capitaliste.

Organiser la reconnaissance des chercheurs dans les organisations et au-delà de leurs frontières - Picque-Kiraly, Claire; Ottmann, Jean-Yves (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Les organisations sont confrontées de manière croissante aux enjeux de reconnaissance au travail comme l’actualité française récente a pu le montrer. Les salariés s’attendent à être reconnus dans le cadre de leur activité professionnelle et les chercheurs, archétypes des professionnels du savoir, ne font pas exception. Étudier la reconnaissance des chercheurs semble d’autant plus nécessaire que de plus en plus de personnes s’engagent dans l’économie de la connaissance en général et que le métier de chercheur en particulier connait des évolutions qui tendent à modifier leur rapport au travail. Par ailleurs, le concept de reconnaissance au travail, pourtant facteur de motivation important, reste insuffisamment étudié ce qui limite la compréhension de ses enjeux et les réponses possibles aux attentes des salariés.
Keywords: chercheur; investigación y desarrollo; investigador; knowledge worker; profesional del saber; professionnel du savoir; real work; recherche et développement; recognition at work; reconnaissance au travail; reconocimiento del trabajo; research and development; researcher; trabajo real; travail réel

"The Power of Knowledge, Objectified": Immaterial Labor, Cognitive Capitalism, and Academic Librarianship - Popowich, Sam (Library Trends, 2019)
This article analyzes current trends in academic librarianship from the perspective of Italian autonomist Marxism. With the rise of new technologies and the advent of a period variously called the "Fourth Industrial Revolution," "Industry 4.0," and "The Second Machine Age," academic librarianship is undergoing various changes in work-flow, technology, and service provision. The body of thought that developed out of the Italian Marxist tradition provides ways of thinking through and understanding these changes by placing them within a larger dynamic of capitalist development and the restructuring of labor processes. After looking at changes to academic librarianship from the perspective of immaterial labor and cognitive capitalism, the paper offers ways that academic librarianship can think about the possibility of resistance to these changes.

Gaming on the Edge: Mobile Labour and Global Talent in Atlantic Canada's Video Game Industry - Pottie-Sherman, Yolande; Lynch, Nicholas (The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 2019)
Diminishing returns and advances in telecommunications have prompted large video game firms to seek new locations, outsource production, and develop niche studios, including on Canada's East Coast. In this paper, we examine emerging occupational cultures and trace the origins and evolution of video game production in Canada's Atlantic provinces—a critical yet peripheral space economy in the gaming sector. Our findings are drawn from 30 interviews with gameworkers, studio managers, government officials, and other industry experts. We find this industry to be driven by the confluence of three major factors: (i) provincial governments have supported video game development as a strategic industry via financial incentives; (ii) firms are benefiting from a return migration effect and are repatriating Atlantic Canadian talent from media hubs by selling “home,” work‐life balance, and an alternative to the punishing gamework culture associated with Silicon Valley; and (iii) post‐secondary institutions in the region have improved their talent pipelines through computer science, digital media, and video game development programs.

Re-Inscribing Gender Relations Through Employment-Related Geographical Mobility: The Case of Newfoundland Youth in Resource Extraction - Power, Nicole; Norman, Moss (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2019)
Despite the popular representation of the masculine hero migrant (Ni Laoire, 2001), rural youth scholars have found that young men are more likely to stay on in their communities, while young women tend to be more mobile, leaving for education and better employment opportunities elsewhere (Corbett, 2007b; Lowe, 2015). Taking a spatialized approach (Farrugia, Smyth & Harrison, 2014), we contribute to and extend the rural youth studies scholarship on gender, mobilities and place by considering the case of young Newfoundlanders’ geographical mobilities in relation to male-dominated resource extraction industries. We draw on findings from two SSHRC-funded research projects, the Rural Youth and Recovery project, a subcomponent of the Community-University Research for Recovery Alliance (CURRA) and the Youth, Apprenticeship and Mobility project, a subcomponent of the On the Move Partnershi We argue that the spatial coding of gender relations in rural Newfoundland makes certain kinds of mobilities more intelligible and possible for young men, while constraining women’s. In other words, gender relations of rural places are “stretched out” (Farrugia et al., 2014) across space through the mobility practices of young men and women in relation to work in skilled trades and resource extraction industries. These “stretched out” gender relations are reproduced by the organisation of a sector that relies on a mobile workforce free from care and domestic work and familiar with manual work.
Number: 3
Keywords: Mobile Workforce

Agir sur la santé au travail. Acteurs, dispositifs, outils et expertise autour des enjeux psychosociaux - Prud’homme, Daniel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Agir sur la santé au travail. Acteurs, dispositifs, outils et expertise autour des enjeux psychosociaux," edited by Arnaud Mias et Cyril Wolmark.

A Worker’s Economist: John R. Commons and his Legacy from Progressivism to the War on Poverty - Quinlan, Michael (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "A Worker’s Economist: John R. Commons and his Legacy from Progressivism to the War on Poverty," by John Dennis Chasse.

Reducing Inequalities in Europe: How Industrial Relations and Labour Policies Can Close the Gap - Quinlan, Michael (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Reducing Inequalities in Europe: How Industrial Relations and Labour Policies Can Close the Gap," edited by Daniel Vaughan-Whitehead.

Winnipeg General Strike, 1919, Resource List - Renaud, Matthew (Manitoba Law Journal, 2019)

Helen Armstrong, Hello Girls and Hellions - Riccio, Giovanna (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Poem in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919, including labour and human rights activist Helen Armstrong (1875-1947) who played an instrumental role in support of the strike as head of the Women's Labour League.

When Things Don’t Fall Apart: Global Financial Governance and Developmental Finance in an Age of Productive Incoherence; Laid Low: Inside the Crisis that Overwhelmed Europe and the IMF - Roberts, Chris (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the books, "When Things Don’t Fall Apart: Global Financial Governance and Developmental Finance in an Age of Productive Incoherence," by Ilene Grabel, and "Laid Low: Inside the Crisis that Overwhelmed Europe and the IMF," By Paul Blustein.

Practical Liberators: Union Officers in the Western Theater during the Civil War - Rothera, Evan (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Practical Liberators: Union Officers in the Western Theater during the Civil War," by Kristopher A. Teters.

This Grand Experiment: When Women Entered the Federal Workforce in Civil War–Era Washington, D.C. - Rothera, Evan (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "This Grand Experiment: When Women Entered the Federal Workforce in Civil War–Era Washington, D.C.," by Jessica Ziparo.

Une catégorie de chômeurs à part : les cols blancs de Montréal, 1930–1935 - Roy, Sonya (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Pendant la crise économique des années 1930, les cols blancs se retrouvent nombreux parmi les rangs des chômeurs, créant ainsi « une nouvelle classe de pauvres ». Cet article explore le phénomène du chômage chez les cols blancs de Montréal et lève le voile sur leur expérience de la crise. Il s'attarde aux programmes d'assistance publique mis sur pied par les autorités municipales pour venir en aide aux chômeurs et à la réaction des cols blancs et de certains responsables de la charité relativement à la crise et à un système d'assistance jugé inadapté pour les cols blancs. L'article révèle que l'expérience et les réactions des cols blancs quant à la crise sont façonnées par leur appartenance à la classe moyenne. Au chômage, ils n'arrivent plus à maintenir les standards de respectabilité et le style de vie associés à la classe moyenne et se trouvent forcés de demander l'assistance publique aux côtés des ouvriers. La crainte d'un déclassement social et la peur d'être associés aux chômeurs de la classe ouvrière poussent les cols blancs à vouloir se différencier de ces derniers, réaffirmer leur appartenance à la classe moyenne et revendiquer des programmes d'assistance qui répondent à leurs besoins spécifiques. Certains responsables de la charité qui estiment que les cols blancs méritent des services adaptés participent également à cette différenciation.

Managerial Control of American Workers: Methods and Technology from the 1880s to Today - Russell, Jason (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Managerial Control of American Workers: Methods and Technology from the 1880s to Today," by Mel van Elteren.

From Career Girl to Sexy Stewardess: Popular Culture and Women’s Work in the Canadian and American Airline Industries - Sangster, Joan; Smith, Julia (Women: A Cultural Review, 2019)
This article examines three popular renditions of female flight attendants in Canadaand the United States in teen fiction, film, and advertising, with attention to representational shifts fromthe1940s to the1970s.Our analysis demonstrates that the more sexualized image of the 1960s was a significant departure from the more complicated immediate postwar presentationof the flight attendant as a resourceful and capable career girl, albeit one still constrained by dominant notions of white, middle-class femininity. Created by management decisions in the face of increased capitalist competition, in concert with the influence of popular culture and gender ideology, the sexy stewardess altered the workplace environment for female flight attendants,but the legacyof earlier popular culture may well have aided their resistance to sexualization.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333150979_From_Career_Girl_to_Sexy_Stewardess_Popular_Culture_and_Women's_Work_in_the_Canadian_and_American_Airline_Industries

Building Union Muscle: The GoodLife Fitness Organizing and First-Contract Campaign - Savage, Larry (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
This case study of a union campaign to organize personal trainers and fitness instructors at GoodLife Fitness, the world's fourth-largest fitness chain, is used to highlight the challenges and possibilities of organizing precarious workers in the multi-billion-dollar fitness industry. Drawing on the broader literature on union organizing and strategic corporate campaigns, primary documents related to the organizing drive, media coverage of the campaign, and in-depth interviews with union officials and fitness workers, the case study reveals how the workers were successfully, yet unconventionally, able to leverage institutional, symbolic, and associational power to build union muscle in an industry that is virtually union-free.

Labour in Need of Revolutionary Vision - Selby, Jim (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The labour movement's inability to effectively respond to neoliberalism has resulted in reduced union membership and declining public status and influence of labour unions. This is having a cascading effect on other institutions that are at least peripherally linked with the working class, from the rightward march of social democratic parties to the move away from class as the foundation of labour history. I suggest that the absence of revolutionary unions, those fighting for a future beyond capitalism, is one of the key underlying causes of labour's current malaise. By revolutionary unions, I mean unions that are explicitly pro-socialist and anti-capitalist in intent and that, by their actions and by the response of capital and state to those actions, foster an awareness of the class nature of society, the specific interests of working people as a class, and possibilities for collectively pursuing a better future. –Introduction

Abusive Supervision, Psychological Capital, and Turnover Intention: Evidence from Factory Workers in China / Supervisión abusiva, capital psicológico e intención de dejar el empleo: estudio de la situación de trabajadores de fábrica en China - Seo, Yumi; Chung, Sun Wook (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
As a dark side of leadership, scholars have shown that abusive supervision (AS) has negative consequences for subordinates work, organizations and society. This study focuses on the detrimental effects of AS on employee turnover intention, which is one of the major concerns for firms in China. We examined the underlying psychological mechanism between AS and turnover intention, specifically by focusing on the mediational role of psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2007) based on the conservation of resources theory (COR, from Hobfoll, 2002). By explaining the process of how AS can deplete individuals’ resources, which leads to protective behaviour and attitudes, we attempt to integrate COR theory into the existing AS literature. We also investigated the moderating role of broader organizational contexts represented by organizational justice perception in the relationship between AS and turnover intention, showing boundary conditions where the effects of AS can be amplified with regard to overall organizational justice perception. Based on survey data collected from young factory workers in northern China, this study finds that abusive supervision is positively correlated with turnover intention. Psychological capital, especially optimism, mediates this relationship. In addition, when workers perceived high levels of procedural and distributive organizational justice, this association between abusive supervision and turnover intention was even stronger. Furthermore, the perception of procedural organizational justice also moderated the mediation mechanism of optimism between abusive supervision and turnover intention. This paper enriches the extant studies by considering the relationship between abusive supervision and its negative consequences for manufacturing workplaces in a non-western country, a context that has been little studied. In addition, by showing how psychological capital and the perception of organizational justice affect the AS-turnover intention relationship, this paper provides a nuanced and deeper understanding of the psychological mechanism and organizational context of abusive supervision.
Keywords: China; Chine; abusive supervision; capital psicológico; capital psychologique; factory workers; justice organisationnelle; organizational justice perception; percepción de justicia organizacional; perception; psychological capital; supervision abusive; supervisión abusiva; trabajadores de fábrica; travailleurs d’usine

Qualité du travail et de l’emploi et nature de la mobilité professionnelle : quels liens en France entre 2006 et 2010 à partir de l’enquête Santé et itinéraire professionnel ? - Signoretto, Camille (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
À partir de l’enquête Santé et itinéraire professionnel (SIP) retraçant la trajectoire de salariés français entre 2006 et 2010, cet article étudie les liens entre la qualité des conditions de travail et d’emploi, et la forme prise par la mobilité professionnelle : volontaire, subie ou négociée. D’un côté, les enquêtes sur les conditions de travail en France montrent que l’intensité du travail demeure à un niveau élevé, le travail répétitif augmente et l’autonomie des salariés diminue; et, de l’autre, les succès de la rupture conventionnelle — modalité de rupture négociée du contrat à durée indéterminée, introduite en 2008 —, et des plans de départs volontaires dans des entreprises en difficultés économiques, interrogent dans un contexte économique peu favorable ces dernières années. L’un des facteurs pouvant conduire un salarié à décider ou accepter de quitter son emploi peut alors renvoyer à la manière dont s’est déroulée cette relation d’emploi, et, en premier lieu, au niveau de qualité de ses conditions de travail. Pour tester cette hypothèse, l’article propose, à l’aide de modélisations logistiques multinomiales, d’estimer les corrélations statistiques entre plusieurs indicateurs de conditions de travail et caractéristiques de l’emploi, et cinq types de mobilité (fin de contrat, licenciement, démission, rupture conventionnelle, autres). Les résultats montrent une corrélation positive entre des conditions de travail difficiles et des départs négociés via la rupture conventionnelle, ainsi que subis via des licenciements et fins de contrat. Par ailleurs, de faibles salaires ou un temps partiel sont des caractéristiques de l’emploi reliées positivement avec les mobilités volontaires. Cela mène à trois conclusions : 1- la rupture conventionnelle constituerait une voie supplémentaire de sortie pour des salariés mécontents de leurs conditions de travail; 2- des conditions d’emplois peu favorables inciteraient les salariés à démissionner; et enfin, 3- certaines entreprises pratiqueraient des modes de gestion de la main-d’oeuvre peu soucieuses de la fidélisation des salariés, associant précarité du travail et précarité de l’emploi via les mobilités et non seulement le type d’emploi.
Keywords: SIP; Santé et Itinéraire Professionnel Survey; calidad del empleo; condiciones de trabajo; conditions de travail; despido; dismissal; encuesta Salud e itinerancia ocupacional; enquête Santé et Itinéraire professionnel; job quality; licenciement; qualité de l’emploi; ruptura convencional; rupture conventionnelle; working conditions

La militance syndicale dans la très petite entreprise : le cas du conseiller du salarié - Sin, Philippe; Grima, François (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Notre étude cherche à comprendre la militance dans de très petites entreprises en France. Plus précisément, nous cherchons à cerner la forme prise par la militance dans ce contexte et les motivations du militant. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur 29 entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de conseillers du salarié des deux principales entités syndicales. Mobilisant la littérature sur l’engagement et le travail militant, nous avons dégagé trois profils : le « bon soldat », le « défenseur des droits » et le « combattant ». Le « bon soldat » a une stratégie de valorisation de son syndicat. Sa militance s’exprime par un accueil soigné au salarié et un alignement sur sa position dans sa relation avec l’employeur. Son engagement militant montre qu’il cherche à préserver un équilibre entre son engagement syndical et sa vie privée. Le second profil, le « défenseur des droits », est attiré par les dimensions juridiques de son engagement auprès des salariés. Le conseiller du salarié ayant ce profil cherche à construire une stratégie de partenariat avec le salarié afin d’obtenir le moins de sanctions pour ce dernier. Pour lui, sa militance est d’abord motivée par la défense des droits du salarié. Le dernier profil, « le combattant », est très expérimenté syndicalement et il s’intéresse davantage à la relation interpersonnelle. Le conseiller du salarié de ce profil met en place une stratégie de conflits. Il s’engage auprès du salarié sans condition. Il lui propose une prise en charge totale jusqu’à le substituer et il ira jusqu’à mobiliser son syndicat, cela sans hésitation. L’étude met en exergue la diversité de la militance dans les très petites entreprises grâce à des conseillers du salarié qui restent fidèles à leur organisation syndicale et qui s’engagent auprès des salariés en s’appropriant la militance. Cette dernière vient questionner globalement les pratiques syndicales dans les très petites entreprises.
Keywords: France; Francia; conseiller du salarié; consejero del asalariado; employee advisor; empresa muy pequeña; militance; militancia; perfil; profil; profile; rol; role; rôle; très petite entreprise; union activism; very small companies

The Ghosts of Wagnerism: Organized Labour, Union Strategies, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Smith, Charles W. (Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 2019)
Wagnerism has been at the centre of Canadian labour relations since the end of World War II. Wagnerism rests on a so-called balance between workers and employers. Between 2007 and 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada has ruled that the constitution includes protections for good faith collective bargaining and to strike. In these cases, the Court stated that it is not constitutionally enshrining Wagnerism, yet it also leaned heavily on Wagner principles in arriving at its decisions. Building on interviews with national union leaders, I argue that the ambiguity between the Court's decisions and Wagnerism has left workers uncertain about how these rights alter the material conditions of unions. I conclude that the court's embrace of labour freedoms will only have material benefit if workers are willing to use these newfound freedoms to build working class capacities to directly confront ongoing attacks by governments and employers on core union freedoms.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333048949_The_Ghosts_of_Wagnerism_Organized_Labour_Union_Strategies_and_the_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms

Editor's Note / Note de la rédaction [84, Fall 2019] - Smith, Charles W.; Sangster, Joan (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Editorial on three conferences held in 2018-19 that examined the past, present and future of the study of working-class history.

The Architecture of Modern Anti-Unionism in Canada: Class Struggle and the Erosion of Workers’ Collective Freedoms - Smith, Charles; Stevens, Andrew (Capital & Class, 2019)
Over the past four decades, governments have backed away from the promotion of collective bargaining in Canada resulting in a tendency towards anti-unionism. Examining this new reality, this article investigates two interrelated trends in Canadian anti-unionism over the last two decades in an effort to conceptualize the role of the state in regulating labour relations. First, we investigate legislative attempts to undermine or eliminate the ability of workers to collectively bargain and strike. Second, the article unpacks the political economy of anti-unionism in the private sector by focusing on the role of lobby groups that have shaped labour legislation. These two interrelated threads allow us to expose the relationship between employers and governments, which has threatened the strength of organized labour in the private and public sector and shaped a uniquely Canadian anti-unionism. Finally, we conclude by examining both the strengths and limitations of the unique fight-back strategies used by the labour movement, which has sought to elevate aspects of Canadian labour law to be protected by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This, we argue, offers restrictive possibilities for advancing collective bargaining rights in the existing labour relations framework.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329378658_The_architecture_of_modern_anti-unionism_in_Canada_Class_struggle_and_the_erosion_of_workers'_collective_freedoms
Keywords: anti-unionism; class struggle; labour law; political economy; state theory

Occupational Demand, Cumulative Disadvantage, and Gender: Differences in University Graduates’ Early Career Earnings - Smith, Michael Robert; Waite, Sean (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2019)
A number of mechanisms contribute to the gender earnings gap – both its level and trends in it. We focus on three of them: occupational demand, the cumulation of disadvantage that originates in the unequal domestic division of labour, and labour market statuses which also may originate in the domestic division of labour. We show that changes in occupational demand associated with the dot-com boom and what followed it have caused substantial shifts in the relative earnings of young male and female university graduates. We provide evidence of how one consequence of the domestic division of labour – differences in hours worked by gender - contribute to the size and growth of the female earnings disadvantage. And, even in our generally young sample, human capital accumulation is more likely to be disrupted for women than for men. We identify several methodological and substantive implications of our results.
Number: 2
Keywords: Tech Boom.

The Labour Church: The Movement and Its Message - Sterne, Evelyn (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "The Labour Church: The Movement and Its Message," by Neil Johnson.

The Lived Realities of Precarity and Post-Industrialism - Stevens, Andrew (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
This article reviews and comments on "Precarious Employment: Causes, Consequences and Remedies," edited by Stephanie Procyk, Wayne Lewchuk, and John Shields, "Precarious Lives: Job Insecurity and Well-Being in Rich Democracies," by Arne L. Kalleberg, "Remaking the Rust Belt: The Postindustrial Transformation of North America, by Tracy Newmann, and "Working the Phones: Control and Resistance in Call Centres," by Jamie Woodcock.

Biography of an Industrial Town, Terni, Italy, 1831–2014 - Storey, Robert (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Biography of an Industrial Town, Terni, Italy, 1831–2014," by Alessandro Portelli.

"Canada Needs All Our Food-Power": Industrial Nutrition in Canada, 1941–1948 - Strikwerda, Eric (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
This article examines the political economy of nutrition as a state-sponsored strategy to extract greater productivity from industrial workers in both wartime and peacetime. During World War II, the state, together with its munitions-industry allies, broadly considered workers’ nutritional health as a critical component to achieving maximum wartime industrial production. Following the war, both the state and industry imagined the nutritional health of workers’ bodies as crucial to Canada’s postwar prosperity. Facilitating as well as frustrating these largely state-directed nutrition agendas was a combination of medico-scientific knowledge, the sometimes uncertain and unpredictable participation of both employers and workers, and wider national and international historical contexts.

The Struggle for Rights at Work: The United Electrical Workers, Contract Enforcement, and the Limits of Grievance Arbitration at Canadian General Electric and Westinghouse Canada, 1940s to 1960s - Taylor, Jeffery (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
For decades Canadian trade unionists have expressed frustration with the grievance arbitration system, but this tends to be limited to criticisms of the legalistic nature of the process and the costs and delays involved in getting a judgement. There is little discussion or debate about the denial of the right to strike, which is the central feature of the system. Nor is there much discussion about approaches to contract enforcement that situate legal strategies in broader political strategies to use worker power effectively, including the withdrawal of labour. This study investigates how the United Electrical Workers (ue), a left-led union, defended workers' rights at Canadian General Electric (cge) and Westinghouse in the early years of the new legal regime. pecifically, it charts the North American origins of grievance arbitration systems, sketches the development of personnel policies in the electrical industry, surveys the ue Canadian district's struggle to establish contractual relations and codify workplace rights at these two corporations, reconstructs the elements of ue's approach to contract enforcement, and reviews a number of mid-contract work stoppages at cge and Westinghouse between 1946 and 1966 to determine how the union, workers, employers, and arbitrators negotiated the ban on grievance strikes as they adjusted to new legislation and new collective agreement language.

The Employment Standards Enforcement Gap and the Overtime Pay Exemption in Ontario - Thomas, Mark P.; Vosko, Leah F.; Tucker, Eric; Steedman, Mercedes; Noack, Andrea M.; Grundy, John; Gellatly, Mary; Leinveer, Lisa (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
Employment Standards (es) legislation sets minimum terms and conditions of employment in areas such as wages, working time, vacations and leaves, and termination and severance. es legislation is designed to provide minimum workplace protections, particularly for those with little bargaining power in the labour market. In practice, however, es legislation includes ways in which legislated standards may be avoided, including through exemptions that exclude specified employee groups, fully or partially, from legislative coverage. With a focus on the Ontario Employment Standards Act, this article develops a case study of exemptions to the overtime pay provision of the act and regulations and examines in closer detail three specific areas in which exemptions apply. Through this study of the overtime pay exemption, the system of exemptions is presented as a contradictory approach to the regulation of es that, in effect, reduces es coverage, contributes to the avoidance of key legislated standards, and undermines the goal of providing protection for workers in precarious jobs.

Paid to Play - The Canadian Hockey League Players Class Action Litigation - Thornicroft, Kenneth Wm. (University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal, 2019)
In 2014, the National Labor Relations Board's Regional Director ruled that scholarship football players at Northwestern University were "employees ". Subsequently, in 2015, the full board, andwithout deciding the players' status, declined to assert jurisdiction effectively ending the dispute. There are parallels between this dispute and lawsuits currently before the Canadian courts involving the Canadian Hockey League ("CHL'). The CHL is nominally an "amateur" league and is the principal development league for players hoping to pursue a career as a professional hockey player. The players claim they are "employees" under provincial employment standards statutes. The CHL maintains that the players are "student athletes ", akin to NCAA Division I scholarship athletes. This article examines the similarities and distinctions between CHL players and NCAA Division I athletes, discusses the CHL litigation, the probable outcome, and the possible ramificationso f this litigationf or the CHL and its players. *

Représentations savantes de la négociation collective et travail de négociation - Thuderoz, Christian (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
Cet article se fixe deux objectifs, correspondant à ses deux parties : 1- discuter l’analyse d’Allan Flanders (1968) à propos des théories de la négociation collective (collective bargaining theories) identifiées par Neil Chamberlain (1951); et 2- s’appuyer sur la conclusion de Flanders à propos de la participation à la régulation collective (participation in job regulation) du syndicat pour élargir ce raisonnement aux deux négociateurs — syndicalistes et employeurs. L’article propose de lire cela comme un travail — le ‘travail de négociation’. Dans une première partie, l’auteur propose de renommer les trois théories de la négociation collective (collective bargaining theories de Chamberlain et Flanders) et d’y ajouter deux autres théories : les approches ‘marchandes’, ‘constitutionnelles’, ‘décisionnelles’, ‘rationnelles’ et ‘radicales’. Dans une seconde partie, l’auteur commente les spécificités de ce ‘travail de négociation’. Il souligne son originalité : il ne peut s’effectuer solitairement; chacun est pour l’autre un adversaire, mais leur travail conjoint consiste à se muer en partenaires d’interaction; et il combine intra et internégociation. Sont présentées, ensuite, les contraintes pesant sur les négociateurs, le travail de négociation consistant à en réduire le poids et les muer en ressources. Il les nomme ainsi : les contraintes de ‘normativité’, de ‘coopération’, de ‘réciprocité’ et ‘d’efficacité ‘. L’auteur tire enfin quelques leçons de son approche : un, cela permet de la comparer à d’autres activités sociales, pour en comprendre l’originalité. Deux, saisie comme un travail, la négociation collective se prête moins à une lecture idéologique, oscillant entre déploration et dénonciation. Trois, une approche davantage poïétique éclaire les « échecs » du travail conjoint de régulation. Quatre, l’enquête sur ‘le travail’ de négociation collective peut se conjoindre à celle de ses représentations savantes, portant au jour les dilemmes pratiques qu’elles génèrent aux négociateurs.
Keywords: collective bargaining; joint regulation; negociación colectiva; négociation collective; regulación conjunta; régulation conjointe; teorías; theories; théories; trabajo de negociación; travail de négociation; work of negotiation

Beyond the Noise of Solemn Assemblies: The Protestant Ethic and the Quest for Social Justice in Canada - Thwaites, James (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Beyond the Noise of Solemn Assemblies: The Protestant Ethic and the Quest for Social Justice in Canada," by Richard Allen.

Never Go Ahead in the Rain: Notes to a Tribe Called Quest - Trottier, Brody (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Never Go Ahead in the Rain: Notes to a Tribe Called Quest," by Hanif Abdurraqib.

Le précompte syndical obligatoire revu à la lumière de la décision de la Cour suprême américaine dans l’affaire Janus - Trudeau, Gilles (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
La Cour suprême des États-Unis a récemment décidé, dans l’affaire Janus, que le précompte syndical imposé par la législation de l’Illinois aux employés de l’État viole les libertés d’expression et d’association que leur garantit la constitution américaine. Cette décision met en évidence le statut profondément différent dont bénéficie la Formule Rand au Canada, où elle est considérée comme un élément essentiel du régime de négociation collective de type Wagner qui prévaut à l’échelle national. Non seulement est-elle partout permise, mais la législation l’a rendue obligatoire, d’une façon ou d’une autre, dans une majorité de juridictions canadiennes, notamment au Québec. De plus, la Cour suprême du Canada a reconnu, il y a de cela près de 30 ans, que le précompte syndical obligatoire n’entravait ni la liberté d’association ni la liberté d’expression protégées par la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés.
Keywords: Canada; Formule Rand; Janus Case; Rand Formula; United States; affaire Janus; agency shop; droits et libertés; précompte syndical obligatoire; rights and freedoms; États-Unis

Mandatory Dues Check-off Reviewed in Light of the US Supreme Court’s Decision in the Janus Case - Trudeau, Gilles (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The United States Supreme Court has recently ruled in the Janus Case that the agency shop (mandatory dues check-off) imposed by Illinois law on state employees violates the freedom of expression and association guaranteed by the US Constitution. This decision underscores the profoundly different status enjoyed by the Rand Formula in Canada, where it is considered an essential element of the nation-wide Wagner-type collective bargaining system. Not only is it permitted everywhere, legislation has made it mandatory, in one way or another, in a majority of Canadian jurisdictions, including Quebec. Furthermore, almost 30 years ago, the Supreme Court of Canada recognized that mandatory dues check-off did not interfere with the freedom of association or expression protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Keywords: Canada; Formule Rand; Janus Case; Rand Formula; United States; affaire Janus; agency shop; droits et libertés; précompte syndical obligatoire; rights and freedoms; États-Unis

Carrying Little Sticks: Is There a ‘Deterrence Gap’in Employment Standards Enforcement in Ontario, Canada? - Tucker, Eric; Vosko, Leah F.; Casey, Rebecca; Thomas, Mark; Grundy, John; Noack, Andrea M. (International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, 2019)
This article assesses whether a deterrence gap exists in the enforcement of the Ontario Employment Standards Act (ESA), which sets minimum conditions of employment in areas such as minimum wage, overtime pay and leaves. Drawing on a unique administrative data set, the article measures the use of deterrence in Ontario’s ESA enforcement regime against the role of deterrence within two influential models of enforcement: responsive regulation and strategic enforcement. The article finds that the use of deterrence is below its prescribed role in either model of enforcement. We conclude that there is a deterrence gap in Ontario.

A Decade Later: The Legacy of the Supreme Court of Canada’s Health Services Decision on Workers’ Rights - Walchuk, Brad (Global Labour Journal, 2019)
The year 2017 marked the ten-year anniversary of the Health Services case, a precedent-setting decision by the Supreme Court of Canada that ruled collective bargaining is protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This article explores the impact and legacy of BC Health Services, and finds that while workers’ constitutional rights have been expanded under the Charter over the past decade, governments nevertheless continue to violate these rights. It concludes that the legacy of the case is not an enhanced level of protection for these rights to be enjoyed fully, but rather that the default option has been and will continue to be a financial penalty for the state in instances in which they violate workers’ rights.

Research Handbook of Employment Relations in Sport - Weststar, Johanna (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Research Handbook of Employment Relations in Sport," edited by Michael Barry, James Skinner and Terry Engelberg.

Just Watch Us: RCMP Surveillance of the Women's Liberation Movement in Cold War Canada - Wiseman, Matthew S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Just Watch Us: RCMP Surveillance of the Women's Liberation Movement in Cold War Canada," by Christabelle Sethna and Steve Hewitt.
Keywords: Access to information; Anxieties; Archives & records; Books; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Cold War; Communism; Feminism; Gender; History–History of North And South America; Independence movements; Institutionalization; Manycompanies; Mounted police; National security; New Left; Political activism; Security services; Social activism; Surveillance; Womens rights movement

Occupational Health and Safety Indicators and Under-Reporting: Case Studies in Chinese Shipping - Xue, Conghua; Tang, Lijun; Walters, David (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
An index-based approach to indicate the outcome of Occupational Health and Safety management has been commonly used in the implementation of the International Safety Management Code and the operation of Occupational Health and Safety management systems in the international shipping industry. Although the index-based approach is asserted to be a convenient way to measure and quantify the outcome of Occupational Health and Safety management, it is not justified in the wider literature and further empirical research is suggested by various authors. The aim of this study is to explore the role of an index-based approach in managing Occupational Health and Safety in the shipping industry. This article investigates the effectiveness of indicators in Occupational Health and Safety management in two Chinese chemical shipping companies. A qualitative approach is applied to examine the views of seafarers on safety reporting practice. The study reveals that, although the need for reporting is understood by most of the crew members, the reporting practice is significantly affected by different factors such as the crew’s concerns for their own interests, Chinese cultural factors and management’s dominant power over the crew’s performance evaluation. The findings suggest that there is a significant gap between what is required by the rules and what really occurs in terms of safety reporting practice. The study highlights the emerging problems of using Occupational Health and Safety indicators as benchmark for measuring the outcome of Occupational Health and Safety management in Chinese shipping. The conclusion is drawn in a Chinese context, and although the findings may not be similar to other industries or the shipping industry in other countries, they provide valuable indications for re-thinking and re-shaping maritime regulatory strategies.
Keywords: OHS indicators; Occupational Health and Safety management; case study; declaración subestimada; estudios de casos; facteurs sous-jacents; factores subyacentes; gestion de la santé et de la sécurité au travail; gestión de la salud y seguridad ocupacional; indicadores de salud y seguridad ocupacional; indicateurs de SST; sous-déclaration; under-reporting; underlying factors; étude de cas

Informal Workers and Collective Action: A Global Perspective - Yerochewski, Carole (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Informal Workers and Collective Action: A Global Perspective," edited by Adrienne E. Eaton, Susan J. Schurman and Martha A. Chen.

Precarious Lives: Job Insecurity and Well-Being in Rich Democracies - Zeytinoglu, Isik (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2019)
The article reviews the book, "Precarious Lives: Job Insecurity and Well-Being in Rich Democracies," by Arne L. Kalleberg.

We Still Demand! Redefining Resistance in Sex and Gender Struggles - Adamyk, Natalie (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "We Still Demand! Redefining Resistance in Sex and Gender Struggles," edited by Patrizia Gentile, Gary Kinsman, and L. Pauline Rankin.

England's Great Transformation: Law, Labour, and the Industrial Revolution - Frank, Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "England's Great Transformation: Law, Labour, and the Industrial Revolution," by Marc Steinberg.

Be Wise! Be Healthy! Morality and Citizenship in Canadian Public Health Campaigns - Kealey, Linda (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "Be Wise! Be Healthy! Morality and Citizenship in Canadian Public Health Campaigns," by Catherine Carstairs, Bethany Philpott, and Sara Wilmshurst.

The Great Cowboy Strike: Bullets, Ballots, and Class Conflicts in the American West - Laegreid, Renee M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "The Great Cowboy Strike: Bullets, Ballots, and Class Conflicts in the American West," by Mark Lause.

Immigrant Girl, Radical Woman: A Memoir from the Early Twentieth Century - Mayer, Heather (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "Immigrant Girl, Radical Woman: A Memoir from the Early Twentieth Century," by Matilda Rabinowitz.

Masterless Men: Poor Whites and Slavery in the Antebellum South - Rothman, Joshua D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "Masterless Men: Poor Whites and Slavery in the Antebellum South," by Keri Leigh Merritt.

For Class and Country: The Patriotic Left and the First World War - Weier, Jonathan (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "For Class and Country: The Patriotic Left and the First World War," by David Smith.

Will the Ontario Labour Movement Return to Class Struggle as Austerity Deepens? - Gindin, Sam (Canadian Dimension, 2018)
The Ontario labour movement is in deep crisis, and has been staggering since the end of the 1990s. Given the labour movement’s historic role in leading and supporting progressive change, its current disorientation should be a matter of alarm to its members of course, but also to anyone concerned with countering the insatiable greed and social destructiveness of capitalism. –Introduction

Preferences for the Distribution of Incomes in Modern Societies: The Enduring Influence of Social Class and Economic Context - Andersen, Robert; Yaish, Meir (Canadian Public Policy, 2018)
Using International Social Survey Program data, we explore the relationship between economic context and attitudes with respect to the distribution of incomes in 20 modern societies, including Canada. Our findings demonstrate that economic inequality has an enduring influence on attitudes. Consistent with the economic self-interest thesis, preferences for equality are strongest among those in working-class occu- pations. Moreover, independent of one’s own social class, one’s father’s social class has a similar enduring impact on attitudes later in life. These relationships are relatively similar across the 20 societies we explore. Still, significant differences in attitudes can be explained by national economic context. We find a strong positive relationship between national-level inequality and opinions on how much inequality there ought to be in the income distribution. In contrast to previous research, however, our findings suggest that national-level economic prosperity and equality of opportunity have little influence on public opinion.

Community Unionism Without the Community? Lessons from Labor-Community Coalitions in the Canadian Child Care Sector - Black, Simon (Labor Studies Journal, 2018)
The theory and practice of community unionism has been central to discussions of alt-labor, union renewal, and revitalization, particularly in relation to union praxis at the urban or local scale. This comparative case study explores two labor-community campaigns to defend public child care services in the context of neoliberal austerity in urban/suburban space. While labor-community coalitions are a necessary—if not sufficient—condition for success, in urban/suburban contexts in which community allies are weak and municipal administrations hostile, public-sector unions must continue to play a leading role in campaigns despite the risk of being cast as defenders of sectional interests rather than of the public good. In such contexts, union involvement in community organizing is a necessary precursor to successful labor-community campaigns.

Individual Financial Returns from Quebec Pension Plan Reform Options: Analyzing Proposals to Renew a Second-Pillar Retirement Income Program - Boisclair, David; Lacroix, Guy; Marchand, Steeve; Michaud, Pierre-Carl (Canadian Public Policy, 2018)
We use simulation methods and a detailed tax calculator to analyze the likely effects of two recent pro- posals aimed at reforming the Quebec Pension Plan (QPP): the federal proposal, eventually implemented throughout Canada, and the Quebec government’s December 2016 proposal. Accounting for education- adjusted life expectancy, earnings variability over the course of a career, and their interactions with the tax code and retirement income system, we find that internal rates of return (IRRs) for new QPP contribu- tions are similar under both reforms for individuals with lifetime average annual earnings of more than $40,000. Both reforms yield substantial IRRs for low-income individuals. Although the Quebec proposal offers higher IRRs for individuals earning less than $40,000, the federal proposal yields greater present value benefits for these same individuals. We show that if new QPP benefits were exempted from the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) clawback, and provided that the working income tax benefit and GIS were not enhanced, the two reforms would yield similar IRRs for individuals with average earnings of more than $15,000. The QPP reform would thus better focus on the middle-income earners originally targeted by reform advocates.

How Do Older Laid-Off Workers Get By: Reemployment, Early Retirement, or Social Insurance Benefits? - Finnie, Ross; Gray, David (Canadian Public Policy, 2018)
We investigate the post-layoff configuration of income sources and pathways of prime-age and older laid- off workers exhibiting a high degree of prior attachment. Using a unique Canadian administrative database that links the event of the involuntary layoff with detailed data on income receipt, we track all of their sources of income over an interval spanning five years after layoff. We conduct a multivariate statistical analysis of the incidence of relying on income from several alternative sources, specifically early retirement (both public and private), reemployment, self-employment, or reliance on social insurance benefits (other than pensions). The two most common states for laid-off workers who have not yet reached normal retirement age are early retirement and continued labour market activity. Our findings indicate that the older workers are at the point of layoff, the greater the likelihood is that they will rely on pension income as their primary income source. This incidence of reliance on pension income also increases with the number of years elapsed since the point of layoff.

Health and Capacity to Work of Older Canadians: Gender and Regional Dimensions - Milligan, Kevin; Schirle, Tammy (Canadian Public Policy, 2018)
We address health capacity to work among older Canadian workers with a specific focus on differences by gender and region. We find that in 2012 men would have needed to work more than five additional years between ages 55 and 69 to keep pace with how much men worked in 1976, holding health capacity constant. For working women, the comparable result is only two years more work. Most of these gaps arose before the mid-1990s; since then, employment advances have offset mortality improvements. Regionally, more than half the Ontario–Atlantic employment difference among older men is rooted in health differences.

Do Large Employers Treat Racial Minorities More Fairly? An Analysis of Canadian Field Experiment Data - Banerjee, Rupa; Reitz, Jeffrey G.; Oreopoulos, Phil (Canadian Public Policy, 2018)
Analysis of amended data from a large-scale Canadian employment audit study (Oreopoulos 2011) shows substantial organization size differences in discrimination against skilled applicants with Asian (Chinese, Indian, or Pakistani) names in the decision to call for an interview. In organizations with more than 500 employees, Asian-named applicants are 20 percent less likely to receive a callback; in smaller organizations, the disadvantage is nearly 40 percent. Large organizations may discriminate less frequently because of more resources in recruitment and training, more human resources development, and greater experience with diversity. Anonymized résumé review may allow organizations to test hiring procedures for discrimination fairly inexpensively.

Lived Experiences of Social Unionism: Toronto Homecare Workers in the late 2000s - Cranford, Cynthia; Hick, Angela; Birdsell Bauer, Louise (Labor Studies Journal, 2018)
This article examines workers’ experiences with a union characterized by a social unionist framing and repertoire in the political realm and bureaucratic servicing of problems in the workplace realm. It analyzes interviews with members and officials about union strategies within privatized homecare predominately provided by immigrant women in Toronto. Workers report both consensual and tense relations with clients prompting them to praise their union’s political strategies yet criticize its limited workplace support. Findings indicate the importance of framing and repertoire that connect quality work with quality care, yet indicate a complex labor process that requires more conceptual and strategic attention.

Abstracts / Résumés, Fall / Automne 2018 (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
English/French abstracts of articles in the Fall 2018 issue.

Firms as Political Entities – Saving Democracy through Economic Bicameralism - Adams, Roy J. (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "Firms as Political Entities – Saving Democracy through Economic Bicameralism," by Isabelle Ferreras.
Keywords: Bicameralism; Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Collective bargaining; Democracy; Economics; Industrial democracy; Labor Unions; Saving

La dynamique de construction d’une GRH sociétale dans une PME française du secteur de l’économie sociale et solidaire - Adla, Ludivine; Gallego-Roquelaure, Virginie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
Dans notre monde globalisé, l’aire de jeux des acteurs n’est plus circonscrite à la structure, mais elle est, désormais, élargie au territoire. Cet effacement des frontières organisationnelles tend à favoriser le développement d’une logique partenariale, y compris en matière de gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) au regard des bouleversements de l’environnement socio-économique. C’est dans ce contexte actuel qu’une nouvelle forme émergente de GRH apparaît, se situant dans une démarche de RSE (responsabilité sociétale des entreprises) étendue qui ne se restreint plus uniquement à certains aspects sociaux. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier une approche alternative de la GRH qui se veut plus sociétale. Nous nous attachons à répondre à la problématique suivante : comment instaurer une GRH sociétale en PME ? Utilisant l’approche contextualiste de Pichault et Nizet (2013), nous soulignons l’importance pour le dirigeant de mobiliser des acteurs tant internes qu’externes pour atteindre cet objectif. À partir du cas d’une PME française du secteur de l’économie solidaire, nous explorons, grâce à des récits de vie, des entretiens semi-directifs, des observations participantes et non participantes, ainsi que des analyses documentaires, le processus de construction de cette nouvelle forme de GRH. Nos résultats mettent en lumière trois étapes-clés : 1- l’émergence de cette GRH autour de la création d’un pacte social; 2- son évolution source d’adhésion et de frustration; et, enfin, 3-la diffusion de cette GRH alternative auprès des partenaires externes.

Inside the Mobilities Regime of Newfoundland and Labrador’s Construction Megaprojects: Experiences of Rotational Work Close to Home - Barber, Lachlan (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article explores the experiences of construction-industry workers commuting to major project sites with a view to broadening understandings of the meaning and impact of the development of extractive industries in Newfoundland and Labrador since the 1990s. Theoretically, the article draws upon and develops the concept of “mobilities regimes,” a formulation that locates relations of power and inequality in the co-constitution of mobility and institutional structures. The empirical findings are based on research conducted between December 2014 and June 2016 as part of the On the Move Partnership, a research initiative examining employment-related geographical mobility (e-rgm) in a variety of sectors and provinces across Canada. The focus is on mobility associated with projects that fall under the provincial Special Project Order (spo) legislation. A total of 60 interviews to date have been conducted with workers as well as with key informants, including government officials, employers, and labour organizations. The central argument is that a mobilities regime is discernible not only in policies and project documents produced by governments, employers, and labour organizations, but also in the experiences of workers. These gendered experiences reveal that Newfoundland and Labrador’s spo projects enable people who may otherwise commute interprovincially to work close to home, but this work has contradictory meanings for the men and women involved due to the mobility it entails. By making visible the experiences of workers in the mobilities regimes of much-celebrated projects, the article encourages reflection on the effects on workers and their families of the underlying capitalist imperatives driving Newfoundland and Labrador’s contemporary economic transition.

Syndicalisme et santé au travail - Baril-Gingras, Geneviève (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "Syndicalisme et santé au travail," edited by Lucie Goussard et Guillaume Tiffon.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Framing, Resources and Repertoire of Local Trade Union Action for Health and Safety: A Study Conducted with a Quebec Central Labour Body - Baril-Gingras, Geneviève; Dubois-Ouellet, Sarah (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
Employment and working conditions having an impact on health and safety are some of the most important concerns of workers. Amongst the various means by which trade unions contribute to prevention, the contribution of Worker Safety Representatives (WSR) is well-established and the most studied, including their participation in joint occupational health and safety committees (JOHSC). However, there are surprisingly few studies examining the place of OHS as an issue of workers’ collective action. Conducted with a large Quebec Central Labour Body, this study aims to understand why and how local-level unions concentrate upon these issues, the repertoire of means that they employ and the context that supports or hindus such actions. The conceptual framework is based on previous realistic evaluations of OHS preventive interventions and includes Levesque and Murray’s (2010) trade union power resources and strategic capabilities. In phase I, eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with union staff members and elected representatives from different sectors, covering a wide array of activities such as unionization, training, negotiation, OHS prevention and compensation. Results also refer to five case studies (phase 2) of local-level trade unions identified by phase 1 respondents as particularly active in relation to prevention. The process by which working conditions having a negative impact on OHS are framed (or not) as trade union issues is examined. Levers and barriers are also identified. Factors affecting the presence of resources for trade union autonomous action aimed at prevention (like the integration of WSR to the union core structure, release time for prevention, etc.) are highlighted. A widely diverse repertoire of workplace-level trade union means of action for OHS is also highlighted by the interviews and case studies, not limited just to those provided by the Quebec OHS regime. It includes the recourse to labour relations mechanisms (e.g. negotiation and strike) and is based on an autonomous agenda, including mobilization. The potential of OHS issues for union revitalization is discussed, as well as the barriers that must be overcome.

Going the Extra Mile: Managers and Supervisors as Moral Agents for Workers with Disability at Two Social Enterprises - Bartram, Timothy; Cavanagh, Jillian; Sim, Stephen; Pariona-Cabrera, Patricia; Meacham, Hannah (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
This study examines the ethical management of workers with disability (WWD) employed at two social enterprises in Australia. Viewed largely through the spectrum of institutionally-based conflict in the employment relationship, this research draws on a framework of situated moral agency (Wilcox, 2012) to establish the ways in which WWD are afforded opportunities to engage in work and how managers and supervisors practise situated moral agency at the workplace. A qualitative case study approach is used with 62 participants through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Key findings demonstrate supervisors constantly have to reshape and reinterpret human resource management (HRM) policies and practices to exercise and extend moral agency. This phenomenon suggests contradictions between moral agency and ethical management practice within current HRM regimes. The key message of the paper is that HRM does not always support the ethical management of WWD. Consequently, we question the ethical nature of contemporary HRM policy and practice for WWD, and argue for further research to unpack ethical ways to more effectively support WWD in the workplace. For WWD to be included at work, achieve life skills and their goals, managers and supervisors need to engage with their moral agency. Finally, we draw implications for management and employment relations theory and practice.
Keywords: action morale; disability; discapacidad; discernimiento moral; empresas sociales; entreprises sociales; ethical management; gestion des ressources humaines; gestion éthique; gestión de recursos humanos; gestión ética; handicap; human resource management; moral agency; social enterprises

Users / Patients as Industrial Relations Actors: A Structurationist Analysis - Bellemare, Guy; Briand, Louise; Havard, Christelle; Naschberger, Christine (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
This paper proposes a structurationist model that revises the notion of actors in industrial relations (Bellemare, 2000), reconsiders the frontiers of the industrial relations system (Bellemare and Briand 2006, Legault and Bellemare, 2008) and encompasses the developments of "life politics." This model is illustrated by the influence of users/patients on the work organization and governance bodies of a University Hospital in France, as well as on the health care system (public policies, research priorities, etc.).
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Corporate governance; Governance; Health care services policy; Hospitals; Influence; Labor Unions; Labor relations; Patients; Public health; Studies; Work organization

La culpabilité au travail : La parole aux salariés - Berthe, Bénédicte; Chédotal, Camille (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
La culpabilité est une émotion couramment éprouvée dans la vie quotidienne. L’objectif de cette recherche était de l’étudier dans le cadre du travail. Une recherche exploratoire a donc été menée afin, d’une part, d’identifier les situations générant de la culpabilité au travail ainsi que les effets de cette émotion et, d’autre part, de déterminer si la culpabilisation est une stratégie de management permettant d’obtenir davantage de travail de la part des salariés. Les personnes interviewées sont des salariés aux profils variés selon l’âge, le sexe, le poste occupé, le secteur d’activité, la taille de l’entreprise et le statut. Vingt-huit entretiens semi-directifs ont ainsi été menés. Les résultats identifient les caractéristiques de la culpabilité éprouvée au travail en révélant que cette dernière est familière, d’intensité et de fréquence variables, et évolutive. L’analyse des entretiens révèle aussi huit situations génératrices de culpabilité qui sont liées aux phénomènes suivants : une absence ou un retard, la perception d’un travail globalement mal fait, des demandes ou des promesses non suivies, des comportements ou attitudes non corrects, des caractéristiques personnelles (par exemple, un manque de compétence), un client ou un collègue qui souffrent et ne peuvent être aidés, un manque de temps ainsi que l’impact du travail sur la vie privée. Cette recherche montre que la culpabilité ressentie génère une gêne chez les personnes. Mais elle a, surtout, des effets positifs sur le travail réalisé par les salariés. La culpabilité a généralement un effet bénéfique sur les efforts au travail, sauf quand cette émotion est trop intense. La culpabilisation est un autre axe important de cette étude. Si elle est bien constatée par les répondants, il en ressort qu’elle est jugée inefficace lorsqu’elle émane des supérieurs. Elle est alors rejetée et mal vécue. Cet article ouvre des perspectives de recherche afin, d’une part, d’approfondir la place et le rôle de cette émotion et, d’autre part, de développer des implications managériales en termes de bien-être au travail et de performance au travail.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Work-Related Deaths in Canada - Bittle, Steven; Chen, Ashley; Hébert, Jasmine (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This paper critically examines official statistics on workplace fatalities in Canada. Each year the Association of Workers’ Compensation Boards of Canada reports on the number of workers who die from a work-related injury or illness/disease. The problem, however, is that these data report the number of deaths that were accepted for compensation; it is not a system for tracking all work-related deaths. Drawing from a range of data sources and employing a broad definition of what constitutes death at work we attempt to generate a more accurate estimate of the number of work-related fatalities in Canada. In so doing our goal is not to produce a definitive number of annual deaths at work – an impossibility given the paucity of data sources – but instead to challenge dominant ways of conceptualizing what constitutes a work-related fatality and thus contribute to ongoing efforts to raise academic, political, and public awareness about this important issue. In this sense our goal is to question whether official statistics regarding workplace fatalities are complete when set against a broader understanding of what constitutes death at work.

La désindustrialisation : une fatalité ? - Blanchet, Yves (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The articles reviews the book, "La désindustrialisation : une fatalité ?," edited by Jean-Claude Daumas, Ivan Kharaba and Philippe Mioche.

Austérité, flexibilité et précarité au Québec : la fuite en avant - Boucher, Marie-Pierre; Noiseux, Yanick (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
L’évolution de l’emploi au Québec et au Canada est marquée par la multiplication des statuts d’emploi, la précarisation et la résurgence du phénomène des travailleurs et travailleuses pauvres. Après un rapide rappel des transformations marquant un glissement vers des politiques néolibérales survenues à la fin des années 1970, nous examinons les récentes transformations de la politique sociale liée au travail à l’ère de l’austérité. Pour ce qui est du gouvernement fédéral, nous examinons le programme d’assurance-emploi ainsi que les programmes concernant les travailleurs migrants temporaires. Pour ce qui est du gouvernement du Québec, nous nous attardons surtout sur les politiques d’aide sociale, ainsi que sur les services de garde à l’enfance. Nous traitons ces programmes en tant que politiques d’emploi et mettons en relief le rôle joué par l’État dans l’approfondissement du virage néolibéral amorcé il y a maintenant près de quarante ans.

La qualité d’emploi en France : cartographie et classification des professions d’exécution - Brolis, Olivier; Devetter, François-Xavier (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
Cet article vise, en s’appuyant sur L’Enquête Conditions de travail (2013), à construire une typologie des professions relevant d’un statut « ouvrier » ou « employé » à partir du niveau et du type de qualité de l’emploi qu’elles induisent. Cette approche de la qualité d’emploi par les professions apparaît importante pour trois raisons complémentaires : d’abord, parce que la nature de la profession s’avère déterminante au-delà des caractéristiques des individus qui l’occupent pour expliquer les écarts en termes de qualité de l’emploi; ensuite, du fait de l’importance de la nature des professions dans la détermination des règles encadrant le travail; et, enfin, en raison du rôle joué par les politiques publiques dans le soutien de la qualité dans certaines professions.
Keywords: France; Francia; calidad de empleo; clasificación; classification; job quality; low-skilled occupations; profesiones poco calificadas; professions peu qualifiées; qualité de l’emploi

How Can the Organizing Work Involved in the Joint Regulation of Lean Projects Promote an Enabling Organization and Occupational Health? - Bruère, Sébastien; Bellemare, Marie; Caroly, Sandrine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The objective of this article is, through an empirical study, to further understanding of the actions and decisions taken in the context of Lean implementation projects carried out under joint regulation (Lévesque and Murray, 1998) agreements. We, therefore, attempt to identify factors that may facilitate the organizing work involved in joint regulation of Lean projects to allow workers to develop a broader range of health-minded work methods and habits. Our assumption is that factors which influence joint regulation, such as the union’s capacity for action, management’s attitude and the purpose of the change, also influence the occupational health outcomes of Lean projects. We believe that the organizing work involved in joint regulation (actions and decisions) has an impact on these factors and influences the occupational health outcomes. Our research question is therefore this: What are the actions and decisions involved in joint regulation of Lean implementation projects that lead to closer correspondence with enabling organization criteria? This empirical study was exploratory in nature and had a multiple case study design. Two cases of lean projects were documented through eight individual interviews and the collection of documents. The main results indicate that, while joint regulation appears essential in terms of meeting enabling organization criteria, it alone is insufficient to explain the health effects of Lean projects. All stakeholders need to define the project goals, modes of assessment and management rules, both cooperatively and transparently, and through their involvement in decisions regarding all processes.

The Fight for $15: The Right Wage for a Working America - Bush, Dave (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "The Fight for $15: The Right Wage for a Working America," by David Rolf.

Just Work? Migrant Workers' Struggles Today - Calnitsky, Naomi Alisa (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "Just Work? Migrant Workers' Struggles Today," edited by Aziz Choudry and Mondli Hlatshwayo.

Labours of Love: Family, Human Rights, and Worker Invisibility in Seasonal Mexican Farm Worker Agricultural Migrations to Canada, 1974–Present - Calnitsky, Naomi Alisa (Left History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Historical Inquiry and Debate, 2018)
This article provides a focused review of the history of seasonal and “foreign” farm labour migration in Canada, and in particular the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). It underscores how Mexican migrant workers in particular have been portrayed in Canadian narrative discourses, drawn primarily from political and journalistic sources in Canada in the postwar period.  Extended to Mexico in 1974, the SAWP has a longer history of managed agricultural migration in Canada that is also introduced. The article discusses leitmotifs linked to the history of temporary migration between Mexico and Canada: the fundamental place of family and gender relations; the trope of the male migrant as “breadwinner” (despite the later emergence of women migrants in the program); Mexican officials based in Canada and their role in mitigating labour disputes and unionization efforts among the seasonal migrant class in Canada; and the subjective, “subaltern” stories of migrant workers uncovered through an oral history case study carried out in British Columbia and Manitoba from 2012–2015. It introduces other thematic problems including exclusion/invisibility, human rights, patterns of remuneration, and “complementarity” in farm work, in a context of prior reliance upon the managed internal migration of First Nations’ harvest workers in both Ontario’s and Manitoba’s agricultural sectors.

Tax, Order, and Good Government: A New Political History of Canada, 1867–1917 - Campbell, J. Peter (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "Tax, Order, and Good Government: A New Political History of Canada, 1867–1917," by E.A. Heaman.

Griffintown: Identity and Memory in an Irish Diaspora Neighbourhood - Caron, Matthieu (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "Griffintown: Identity and Memory in an Irish Diaspora Neighbourhood," by Matthew Barlow.

Migration and Agriculture. Mobility and change in the Mediterranean Area - Castracani, Lucio (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "Migration and Agriculture. Mobility and change in the Mediterranean Area" by Alessandra Corrado, Carlos de Castro et Domenico Perrotta.

Blood, Sweat, and Fear: Violence at Work in the North American Auto Industry, 1960–80 - Clark, Daniel (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "Blood, Sweat, and Fear: Violence at Work in the North American Auto Industry, 1960–80" by Jeremy Milloy.

On the Centennial of the October (Bolshevik) Revolution: A Canticle - Clarke, George Elliott (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This poem describes the conditions that lead to the Great October Socialist Revolution that took place in Russia in the year 1917. The Russian Revolution was foundational to the labour and social reforms that took place in Canada in the same era (Winnipeg general strike) and over the course of the next 100 years (healthcare, unions, and credit unions).

The Equity Myth: Racialization and Indigeneity at Canadian Universities - Clément, Dominique (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "The Equity Myth: Racialization and Indigeneity at Canadian Universities" by Frances Henry, et al.

Bodies and Borders: Migrant Women Farmworkers and the Struggle for Sexual and Reproductive Justice in British Columbia, Canada - Cohen, Amy; Caxaj, Susana (Alternate Routes: A Journal of Critical Social Research, 2018)
In 2016, nearly 7,000 Mexican men and women arrived in BC under the federally-administered Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP). While all farmworkers face similar workplace hazards, women farmworkers face unique barriers to their reproductive health and wellbeing such as intense surveillance, sexual harassment, and unwanted pregnancies. The reproductive health of women in the SAWP is under-researched. Even less is known about women’s experiences in the interior of British Columbia. Based on insights gained in the field and through community-based research and advocacy efforts, this paper outlines what is currently known about women SAWP workers’ struggles to attain full reproductive justice. We discuss the unique factors that affect the reproductive health and sexual experiences of SAWP workers in particular. Ultimately, we argue that women SAWP workers face disproportionate barriers when accessing reproductive healthcare and that their sexual behaviour is heavily controlled through a variety of legal and extra-legal mechanisms. We conclude with a discussion on how migrant women creatively resist restrictions imposed upon them, and we make recommendations aimed at improving the experiences of women SAWP workers attempting to achieve reproductive justice in BC.

After Industrial Citizenship: Adapting to Precarious Employment in the Lanarkshire Coalfield, Scotland, and Sudbury Hardrock Mining, Canada - Condratto, Shelley; Gibbs, Ewan (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)

Performants… et licenciés – Enquête sur la banalisation des licenciements - Côté, Josée (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The articles reviews the book, "Performants… et licenciés – Enquête sur la banalisation des licenciements," by Mélanie Guyonvarc’h.

Working the Phones: Control and Resistance in Call Centres - Crowley, Martha (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "Working the Phones: Control and Resistance in Call Centres," by Jamie Woodcock.

Defying Expectations: The Case of UFCW Local 401 - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "Defying Expectations: The Case of UFCW Local 401," by Jason Foster.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Frontiers of Labor: Comparative Histories of the United States and Australia - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "Frontiers of Labor: Comparative Histories of the United States and Australia," edited by Greg Patmore and Shelton Stromquist.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; International comparisons; Labor Unions; Meta-analysis; Social sciences

Hard Labor: The Battle that Birthed the Billion-Dollar NBA - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The articles reviews the book, "Hard Labor: The Battle that Birthed the Billion-Dollar NBA," by Sam Smith.

The Great Cowboy Strike: Bullets, Ballots and Class Conflicts in the American West - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "The Great Cowboy Strike: Bullets, Ballots and Class Conflicts in the American West," by Mark A. Lause.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Trajectories of Neoliberal Transformation: European Industrial Relations since the 1970s - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "Trajectories of Neoliberal Transformation: European Industrial Relations since the 1970s," by Lucio Baccaro and Chris Howell.

Labour Market Attainment of Canadian Women in 1921: Influences of Religious Affiliation, Ethnicity, and Linguistic Proficiency - Dilmaghani, Maryam (Labor History, 2018)
The 1921 Canadian Census is exploited to examine the labour market attainment of Canadian women. Acknowledging the general context of Catholic and Protestant divide and the tensions between francophones and anglophones during the WWI, special attention is paid to the influences of religious affiliation, ethnicity, and linguistic proficiency. Working urban women, overwhelmingly unmarried, are found to earn between 68 and 29% less than their male counterparts, depending on occupation and religio-linguistic group. The gender earnings gap is found to be the largest among francophone Catholics. When the sample is restricted to unmarried urban women, francophone Catholic females are found at a large disadvantage compared with anglophone Catholic and Protestant females. Bilingual Catholic women, mostly of French Canadian ethnicity, were the second lowest earning group in Canada of 1921. Bilingual Protestant women, on the other hand, are found to have had the most favourable labour market outcomes. The cumulative weight of the results indicates that among religious affiliation, ethnicity, and linguistic proficiency, ethnicity had exercised the strongest influence on the labour market attainment of Canadian women at that time.

Les peurs au travail - Dompierre, Johanne (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The articles reviews the book, "Les peurs au travail," edited by Alain Max Guénette and Sophie Le Garrec.

La discussion des modèles d’action, une condition pour l’action des comités en santé et en sécurité au travail - Dugué, Bernard; Petit, Johann (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
Le Comité d’hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail (CHSCT) s’avère, en France, une pièce maitresse des dispositifs de prévention des risques et d’amélioration des conditions de travail dans les entreprises. Bien que son rôle soit de plus en plus reconnu, il a souvent des difficultés à fonctionner et à trouver sa place dans le paysage des relations professionnelles.

The Daunting Enterprise of the Law – Essays in Honour of Harry W. Arthurs - Dumas, P. Martin (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "The Daunting Enterprise of the Law – Essays in Honour of Harry W. Arthurs," edited by Simon Archer, Daniel Drache, and Peer Zumbansen.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Essays; Labor Unions; Labor law; Law; Political economy

After Prison: Navigating Employment and Reintegration - Dunford, David Tyler (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2018)
The article reviews the book, "After Prison: Navigating Employment and Reintegration," edited by Rose Ricciardelli and Adrienne M.F. Peters.

Race, Exclusion, and Archival Silences in the Seasonal Migration of Tobacco Workers from the Southern United States to Ontario - Dunsworth, Edward (Canadian Historical Review, 2018)
This article explores the role of race in structuring the movement of seasonal tobacco workers from the Southern United States to Ontario from the 1920s to the 1960s. Over this period, tens of thousands of southern migrant workers of varying skill levels travelled to Ontario to take up jobs in all aspects of tobacco production. Participation in the movement was limited exclusively to white workers until 1966, when it was integrated at the behest of American officials fearful of contravening the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Methodologically, the article follows Michel-Rolph Trouillot and is an exercise in uncovering silences in the archive, as civil servants in both countries and employer representatives in Ontario were extremely hesitant about mentioning the movement’s racial character on record. Beyond methodology, the findings presented here contribute to a deeper understanding of the uneven nature of the “deracialization” of Canada’s immigration policies in the 1960s and to charting more of Canada’s role in the construction and maintenance of transnational systems of white supremacy.

Trajectories of Neoliberal Transformation: European Industrial Relations since the 1970s - Dupuis, Mathieu (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "Trajectories of Neoliberal Transformation: European Industrial Relations since the 1970s" by Lucio Baccaro and Chris Howell.

“A Sharp Offensive in all Directions:” The Canadian Labour Defense League and the Fight against Section 98, 1931–1936 - Eaton, C. Scott (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
In 1931, eight leaders of the Communist Party of Canada (cpc) were convicted under Section 98 – a federal law that criminalized the advocacy of radical politics – and the party was declared illegal in Canada. The Canadian Labour Defense League (cldl), the party’s ancillary organization responsible for legal matters, conducted an intense campaign directed at securing both the release of the party’s leaders and the repeal of Section 98. This campaign included the distribution of pamphlets, the organization of demonstrations, and even the production of a dramatic play, entitled Eight Men Speak. Canadian state officials, led by Prime Minister R. B. Bennett, responded to the party’s efforts oppressively. Prison guards fired shots into cpc general secretary Tim Buck’s cell in Kingston Penitentiary, and Bennett himself had Eight Men Speak banned from performance in Toronto. Such kneejerk reactions, however, afforded cldl leaders opportunities to conduct meaningful work. This article argues that the cldl skillfully accentuated its own repression, keeping Section 98 relevant to Canada’s voting populace and placing capitalism and the Canadian state on trial in the eyes of the Canadian public.

Technology and the Future of Work: The Impact on Labour Markets and Welfare States - Fast, Travis (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
The articles reviews the book, "Technology and the Future of Work: The Impact on Labour Markets and Welfare States," by Bent Greve.

The Role of Management and Trade Union Leadership on Dual Commitment: The Mediating Effect of the Workplace Relations Climate - Fortin-Bergeron, Chloe; Doucet, Olivier; Hennebert, Marc-Antonin (Human Resource Management Journal, 2018)
This article examines the effect of transformational and laisser‐faire leadership on the part of local union leaders and immediate supervisors on the dual commitment of unionised workers. Building on the social information processing perspective, it is suggested that these leadership styles are linked to commitment through the workplace relations climate (WRC). Based on a sample of 834 unionised workers, our results suggest that WRC represents an important mechanism explaining the effect of the immediate supervisor's leadership in unionised settings. Results also show that transformational leadership on the part of union representatives is positively linked to union and organisational commitment. This article contributes to the WRC and dual commitment literatures by going beyond structural and institutional explanations and considering relational and actor‐related variables, such as leadership styles.

Unfree Labour? Struggles of Migrant and Immigrant Workers in Canada - Foster, Jason (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "Unfree Labour? Struggles of Migrant and Immigrant Workers in Canada," edited by Aziz Choudry and Adrian A. Smith.

Les référentiels de compétences comme outils de gestion : concilier les apports déterministes et constructivistes - Foucher, Roland; Rhnima, Aziz (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
Les démarches relatives aux « compétences », qui marquent la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) depuis quelques décennies, recourent à des référentiels servant à établir les compétences à maîtriser et déployer. Ces outils de gestion s’inscrivent dans un contexte organisationnel évolutif et interactif suscitant des interrogations, particulièrement sur la façon de les déployer afin qu’ils traduisent les compétences valorisées par les parties concernées et celles effectivement déployées.
Keywords: competence; competence model; competencia; compétence; constructivism; constructivisme; constructivismo; determinism; determinismo; déterminisme; gestion des ressources humaines; gestión de recursos humanos; human resource management; referencial; référentiel

Slavery and Unfree Labour: The Politics of Naming, Framing, and Blaming - Fudge, Judy (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "Contemporary Slavery: Popular Rhetoric and Political Practice," edited by Annie Bunting and Joel Quirk, "Modern Slavery: The Margins of Freedom," by Julia O'Connell Davidson, and "The Poverty of Work: Selling Servant, Slave and Temporary Labor on the Free Market," by David Van Arsdale.

Equality on Trial: Gender and Rights in the Modern American Workplace - Fuentes, Kristina (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "Equality on Trial: Gender and Rights in the Modern American Workplace" by Katherine Turk.

After the International Organization for Migration: recruitment of Guatemalan temporary agricultural workers to Canada - Gabriel, Christina; Macdonald, Laura (Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2018)
The global agricultural industry is increasingly supported by transnational migrant labour. The experience of this precarious workforce in receiving states has been the focus of intensified scrutiny by policy-makers and academics at the global and national scale. Drawing on field research we examine how the International Organization for Migration was involved in the development of a transnational labour migration corridor from Guatemala to Canada, and how the organisation’s activities are associated with new forms of migration governance. This story, while unique in some ways, illustrates the increased complexity of the international management of migration. For instance, destination states such as Canada continue to play key roles in the management and recruitment of temporary labour migration but other actors have also entered the picture. This development, as this case illustrates, places migrant workers in increasingly vulnerable positions, while states can disclaim responsibility for their plight.

The Second Line of Defense: American Women and World War I - Glassford, Sarah (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "The Second Line of Defense: American Women and World War I" by Lynn Dumenil.

Writers' Rights: Freelance Journalism in a Digital Age - Gollmitzer, Mirjam (Labour / Le Travail, 2018)
This article reviews the book, "Writers' Rights: Freelance Journalism in a Digital Age" by Nicole Cohen.

Concertation ou négociation? Distinguer les deux afin de faciliter les prises de décisions en contexte de réadaptation au travail - Gouin, Marie-Michelle; Truchon, Manon (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2018)
En contexte de réadaptation au travail, l'action concertée (concertation) serait déterminante pour le succes du retour au travail. Or, un débat théorique entoure toujours le concept de concertation ?, qui peut étre rapproché (ou non) de la négociation ?. De plus, aucune étude n'a encore exploré les processus de prises de décisions collectives a partir d'échanges entre les multiples parties prenantes a un programme de réadaptation au travail. Cet article vise a proposer des définitions opérationnelles distinguant la concertation de la négociation, puis a les tester en contexte de réadaptation au travail. D'abord, des définitions de l'action concertée ?, de la concertation et de la négociation sont comparées, afin d'en venir a distinguer ces deux derniers concepts, notamment par la présence de conflit(s) et des relations (de coopération/ collaboration) entre les parties. Les définitions proposées sont, ensuite, testées empiriquement a partir de données issues d'une étude de cas multiples (N=6) qui explore les processus de prises de décisions entre les parties prenantes a un programme de réadaptation au travail. Les données de l'étude montrent l'importance de comprendre la concertation et la négociation comme des types de processus de prises de décisions complexes et dynamiques. L'étude permet aussi de distinguer la concertation et la négociation a l'aide des définitions proposées en contexte de réadaptation au travail. Le recours a ces définitions pourrait engendrer d'importantes retombées, notamment sur le plan des pratiques en réadaptation au travail. Ces définitions pourraient, en effet, permettre de mieux cibler des stratégies a privilégier pour atteindre des décisions favorables au retour durable et en bonne santé des travailleurs en incapacité, selon le type de prise de décisions anticipé. Ceci dit, d'autres études devront venir approfondir la connaissance des processus de prises de décisions collectives (incluant la concertation et la négociation) en contexte de réadaptation au travail, ainsi que leurs liens possibles avec le succes ou l'échec du retour au travail.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Case studies; Collective action; Collectives; Cooperation; Decision making; Definitions; Disability studies; Disabled workers; Handicapped; Interest groups; Intervention; Labor Unions; Negotiation; Negotiations; Operational definitions; Rehabilitation; Return to work programs; Stakeholders; Studies; Success; Work