Soldiers as Workers: Class, Employment, Conflict and the Nineteenth-Century Military - MacKay, Lynn (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Soldiers as Workers: Class, Employment, Conflict and the Nineteenth-Century Military," by Nick Mansfield.

The Moral Mapping of Victorian and Edwardian London: Charles Booth, Christian Charity, and the Poor-but-Respectable - MacKay, Lynn (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "The Moral Mapping of Victorian and Edwardian London: Charles Booth, Christian Charity, and the Poor-but-Respectable," by Thomas Gibson-Brydon.

Smokestacks in the Hills: Rural Industrial Workers in West Virginia - MacKinnon, Lachlan (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Smokestacks in the Hills: Rural Industrial Workers in West Virginia," by Lou Martin.

Recruitment and Selection in Canada, 6th ed. - Maillet, Stéphanie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Thiis article reviews the book, "Recruitment and Selection in Canada," by Victor M. Catano, Willi H. Wiesner, and Rick D. Hackett.

The Fate of Labour Socialism: The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and the Dream of a Working-Class Future - Manley, John (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "The Fate of Labour Socialism: The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and the Dream of a Working-Class Future," by James Naylor.

Thinking about minimum wage increases in Alberta: Theoretically, Empirically, and Regionally - Marchand, Joseph; C.D. Howe Institute (C.D. Howe Institute, 2017)
Alberta's move to increase its minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2018 could lead to the loss of roughly 25,000 jobs. Alberta, being a boom and bust economy, would be better off taking current and future economic conditions into account when considering any future increases to its minimum wage.
OCLC: 1013494393

De la grève de l'amiante au lobby pro-chrysotile : la question de l'amiante chez les syndicats québécois de l'amiante, 1973-1983 - Marier, Micheline (Université de Montréal, 2017)
Au début des années 1970, les travailleurs de l'amiante de Thetford Mines et d'Asbestos ont entrepris un combat pour assainir leurs milieux de travail et leurs villes, dans lesquelles les mines étaient imbriquées. À Thetford Mines, ils ont mené une longue grève de sept mois et demi qui a conduit à la mise sur pied du Comité d'étude sur la salubrité dans l'industrie de l'amiante, puis, avec l'élection du jeune Parti québécois, à la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail qui introduisait les principes de l'élimination des dangers à la source et de la participation des travailleurs à son application. La crédibilité de leurs syndicats s'en trouvait renforcée. Mais bientôt la montée d'un mouvement international visant à bannir l'amiante et la crise économique du début des années 1980 allaient porter un dur coup à l'industrie et entrainer un déclin que rien ne pourrait arrêter. Les travailleurs miniers, qui s'étaient unis contre leurs employeurs et parfois contre l'État dans leur combat pour la santé, s'allièrent dès lors à leurs entreprises et aux pouvoirs publics pour promouvoir le minéral et tenter de préserver leurs emplois et la vitalité de leurs régions. Ils n'ont jamais envisagé l'arrêt de la production d'amiante car ils ont toujours considéré qu'il est possible d'en maitriser les risques et ils défendirent bec et ongles leur produit en arguant du caractère sécuritaire de ses utilisations modernes, malgré un consensus international grandissant à l'encontre de cette thèse.
https://doi.org/1866/18334

Educating the Neglected Majority: The Struggle for Agricultural and Technical Education in Nineteenth-Century Ontario and Quebec - Mascio, Anthony Di (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Educating the Neglected Majority: The Struggle for Agricultural and Technical Education in Nineteenth-Century Ontario and Quebec," by Richard A. Jarrell.

La crise des emplois non qualifiés - Masse, Samantha (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "La crise des emplois non qualifiés," edited by Samir Amine.

Finding a Voice at Work? New Perspectives on Employment Relations - Masters, Marick (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Thiis article reviews the book, "Finding a Voice at Work? New Perspectives on Employment Relations," edited by Stewart Johnstone and Peter Ackers.

Policing Black Lives: State Violence in Canada from Slavery to the Present - Maynard, Robyn (Fernwood Publishing, 2017)
[This book] is a timely and much-needed exposure of historical and contemporary practices of state-sanctioned violence against Black lives in Canada. This groundbreaking work dispels many prevailing myths that cast Canada as a land of benevolence and racial equality, and uncovers long-standing state practices that have restricted Black freedom. A first of its kind, Policing Black Bodies creates a framework that makes legible how anti-Blackness has influenced the construction of Canada's carceral landscape, including the development and application of numerous criminal law enforcement and border regulation practices. The book traces the historical and contemporary mobilization of anti-Blackness spanning from slavery, 19th and 20th century segregation practices, and the application of early drug and prostitution laws through to the modern era. Maynard makes visible the ongoing legacy of a demonized and devalued Blackness that is manifest today as racial profiling by police, immigration agents and social services, the over-representation of Black communities in jails and prisons, anti-Black immigration detention and deportation practices, the over-representation of Black youth in state care, the school-to-prison pipeline and gross economic inequality. Following the dictums of the Black Lives Matter movement, Policing Black Bodies adopts an intersectional lens that explores the realities of those whose lives and experiences have historically been marginalized, stigmatized, and made invisible. In addressing how state practices have impacted Black lives, the book brings from margin to centre an analysis of gender, class, sexuality, (dis)ability, citizenship and criminalization. Beyond exploring systemic racial injustice, Policing Black Bodies pushes the limits of the Black radical imagination: it delves into liberatory Black futures and urges the necessity of transformative alternatives. –Publisher's description
Audio recording of the text at Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/hsb.eng.011 OCLC: 987578777
Keywords: Blacks; Canada; Canada. Blacks; History. Blacks; History. Blacks. Blacks; Social conditions. Black Canadians; Social conditions. Race discrimination; Social conditions. Race discrimination. Race relations. Genre/Form: History. History

Toronto's Poor: A Rebellious History - McCallum, Todd (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Toronto's Poor: A Rebellious History," by Bryan D. Palmer and Gaétan Héroux.

‘Temporary Workers’, Temporary Fathers: Transnational Family Impacts of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program - McLaughlin, Janet; Wells, Don; Mendiburo, Aaraón Díaz; Lyn, André; Vasilevska, Biljana (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Under Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP), migrant workers come to Canada for up to eight months each year, without their families, to work as temporary foreign workers in agriculture. Using a ‘whole worker’ industrial relations approach, which emphasizes intersections among work, family and community relations, this article assesses the impacts of these repeated separations on the wellbeing and cohesion of Mexican workers’ transnational families. The analysis is based primarily on 74 in-depth, semi-structured interviews that were conducted in Spanish with male workers, their spouses and children, and with the children’s teachers. Assessment criteria include effects on children’s health and educational success, children’s behaviour, mothers’ abilities to cope with added roles and work, and emotional relations among workers, children and spouses. The study findings suggest that families are often negatively impacted by these repeated separations, with particular consequences for the mental and physical health of children. Children’s behavioural challenges often include poor school performance, involvement in crime, drug and alcohol abuse (especially among sons), and early pregnancies among daughters. As temporary ‘single moms,’ wives often have difficulty coping with extra functions and burdens, and lack of support when their husbands are working in Canada. Typically, there are profound emotional consequences for workers and, frequently, strained family relations. The article concludes by offering practical policy recommendations to lessen negative impacts on SAWP workers and their families, including higher remittances; improved access to labour rights and standards; and new options for family reunification.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

A Town Called Asbestos: Environmental Contamination, Health, and Resilience in a Resource Community - Mellor, Robynne (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "A Town Called Asbestos: Environmental Contamination, Health, and Resilience in a Resource Community ,"by Jessica Van Horssen.

Towards a Model of Third-Party Liability for Wage Theft: Lessons from Other Regulatory Regimes - Mildren, Kellie (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2017)
Given the growing trend towards "fissured" employment structures char- acterized by the use of subcontractors and supply chains, the lack of any mech- anism for imposing third-party liability is a serious gap in employment standards legislation. By limiting liability to the direct employer, traditionally conceived, the legislation as it has been interpreted can leave victims of wage theft without recourse against a judgment-proof subcontractor. This paper seeks to address that deficiency by focusing on Ontario's successful experience with various statutory regimes that provide for third-party liability, including construction liens and trusts, the internal responsibility system under occupational health and safety legislation, and "cause or permit" regulatory liability in environmental and other public welfare legislation. Building on the key principles of these schemes, all of which create non-delegable responsibilities in the face of arm's- length subcontracted relationships, the author proposes the adoption of a system of joint and several liability for entities that "cause or permit" violations of employment standards. This would require lead companies to take some of the responsibility for compliance by subcontractors down the supply chain, thereby providing vulnerable workers with stronger protections against non-payment of wages. At the same time, the author argues, this approach would strike an appropriate balance with the needs of employers, because a number of low-cost tools would be available to lead companies to spread risk, and third-party lia- bility would not capture subcontracting arrangements that do not jeopardize the wage entitlements of vulnerable workers.

Blood, Sweat, and Fear: Violence at Work in the North American Auto Industry, 1960-80 - Milloy, Jeremy (UBC Press, 2017)
Going postal. We think of the rogue employee who snaps. But in [this book] Jeremy Milloy demonstrates that workplace violence never occurs in isolation. Using violence as a lens, he provides fresh and original insights into the everyday workings of capitalism, class conflict, race, and gender in the United States and Canada of the late twentieth century, bringing historical perspective to contemporary debates about North American violence. [The book] is the first full-length historical exploration of the origins and effects of individual violence in the automotive industry. Milloy’s gripping analysis spans 1960 to 1980, when North American auto plants were routinely the sites of fights, assaults, and even murders. He argues that the high levels of violence were primarily the result of workplace conditions – including on-the-job exploitation, racial tension, bureaucratization, and hypermasculinity – that made fear and loathing a shop-floor reality long before mass shootings attracted media attention in the 1980s. Workplace violence is typically the domain of management studies and psychology, but while we pass legislation and adopt best practices, the problem continues. Milloy’s explosive book reveals that workplace violence has been a constant aspect of class conflict – and that our understanding needs to go deeper. Blood, Sweat, and Fear will interest everyone concerned with the causes of workplace violence, and in particular scholars and students of labour history, sociology, sociological criminology, masculinity studies, and studies of race and of violence. –Publisher's description. Contents: Dripping with blood and dirt: confronting the history of workplace violence under capitalism – Fights and knifings are becoming quite commonplace: Dodge main, 1965-80 – The way boys and men took care of business: Windsor Chrysler plants – The constant companion of all that earn their living here: workers, unions, and management respond – Chrysler pulled the trigger: the courts and the press – Out of the back streets and into the workplace: the discovery of workplace violence in the 1980s and 1990s.
OCLC: 963913557
Keywords: 20th century. Automobile industry and trade; 20th century. Automobile industry workers; 20th century. Violence; 20th century. Violence en milieu de travail; 20th century. Violence in the workplace; Aspect social; Canada; Conditions sociales; Histoire; History; Industrie et commerce; Social aspects; Social aspects. Genre/Form: History; Social conditions; United States; Violence in the workplace

Fractures and Alliances: Labour Relations and Worker Experiences in Construction - Mills, Suzanne E. (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)

Chinese Legacy BC - Province of British Columbia - Ministry of International Trade (2017)
On May 15, 2014, the Government of British Columbia apologized to its Chinese Canadian community for historical wrongs. It also committed to provide a legacy for all British Columbians so that we can learn more about a time we cannot and should not forget. This website is a part of that legacy. It offers resources that document the history of the discrimination, chronicle the consultation process and formal Apology in the Legislature, and provide updates on the many legacy projects that highlight the substantial contributions Chinese Canadians have made to the culture, history and economic prosperity of our province. –Website description

Coxey's Army: Popular Protest in the Gilded Age - Mitrani, Sam (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Coxey's Army: Popular Protest in the Gilded Age," by Benjamin F. Alexander.

Race, Nation, and Reform Ideology in Winnipeg, 1880s–1920s - Mochoruk, Jim (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Race, Nation, and Reform Ideology in Winnipeg, 1880s–1920s," by Kurt Korneski.

Réguler l’économie : l’apport des organisations patronales - Mohamed, Yasmine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Thiis article reviews the book, "Réguler l’économie : l’apport des organisations patronales," edited by Danièle Fraboulet, Michel Margairaz and Pierre Verrus.

A Place in the Sun: Haiti, Haitians, and the Remaking of Quebec - Molinaro, Dennis (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "A Place in the Sun: Haiti, Haitians, and the Remaking of Quebec," by Sean Mills.

How the Cold War Began…with British Help: The Gouzenko Affair Revisited - Molinaro, Dennis (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The Gouzenko Affair is referred to as the event that started the Cold War. This article draws on recently declassified documents that shed new light on Britain's role in this affair, particularly that of the Foreign Office and the British High Commissioner to Canada. The documents reveal how the British had a major part in directing the response to Igor Gouzenko's defection in 1945. This event revealed the need for increased counterespionage security, but it also became a spectacle that directed the public's attention away from the British connection: specifically, the role of Alan Nunn May, a British nuclear scientist who had provided the Soviets with classified information. Instead, the public's interest was centred on Soviet spies, communism as a subversive force, and the brewing Soviet-US conflict. These newly declassified sources demonstrate how it was the British intelligence services and the British government that went to great lengths to help focus the public's attention in this direction. They took great pains to direct Canadian policymaking, which included working to discourage Canada's prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King from handling the affair privately with the Soviet ambassador, and were likely behind the infamous press leak to US reporter Drew Pearson that forced King to call a Royal Commission and publicize the affair. With the help of the British government and intelligence services, the Cold War began.

An Exceptional Law: Section 98 and the Emergency State, 1919-1936 - Molinaro, Dennis G. (University of Toronto Press, 2017)
During periods of intense conflict, either at home or abroad, governments enact emergency powers in order to exercise greater control over the society that they govern. The expectation though is that once the conflict is over, these emergency powers will be lifted. An Exceptional Law showcases how the emergency law used to repress labour activism during the First World War became normalized with the creation of Section 98 of the Criminal Code, following the Winnipeg General Strike. Dennis G. Molinaro argues that the institutionalization of emergency law became intricately tied to constructing a national identity. Following a mass deportation campaign in the 1930s, Section 98 was repealed in 1936 and contributed to the formation of Canada's first civil rights movement. Portions of it were used during the October Crisis and recently in the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2015. Building on the theoretical framework of Agamben, Molinaro advances our understanding of security as ideology and reveals the intricate and codependent relationship between state-formation, the construction of liberal society, and exclusionary practices. –Publisher's description. Contents: For the protection of people and state – Defining suspects – The trial – Citizens of the world – Outlaws – Judgement.
OCLC: 961155395
Keywords: 20th century. War and emergency legislation. War and emergency powers. Mesures d'exception; 20th century. War and emergency powers; Canada; Histoire; History; War and emergency legislation

Vers une structuration du processus émotionnel au travail : le cas des agents de la Brigade anticriminalité en France - Monier, Hélène (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Les métiers de service de primo contact avec un public révèlent la centralité de l’émotion dans l’interaction professionnels-usagers. À cet égard, l’institution policière représente un terrain d’étude archétypal du travail et de la régulation de l’émotion par les agents. Par une recherche qualitative menée au sein d’une brigade anticriminalité, la présente étude a pour dessein de modéliser le processus émotionnel au travail, en se fondant sur le cadre théorique de l’évaluation cognitive, des compétences émotionnelles, du travail émotionnel et des statuts de l’émotion au travail. Cette réflexion s’inscrit en réaction aux enjeux actuels de santé et de sécurité au travail, ainsi que la qualité du service offert, qui exigent de la Gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) une prise en compte manifeste du rôle des émotions au travail.
Keywords: competencias emocionales; compétences émotionnelles; emociones en el trabajo; emotional competencies; emotional work; emotions at work; police; policía; riesgos profesionales; risques professionnels; trabajo emocional; travail émotionnel; workplace risks; émotions au travail

Security/Capital: A General Theory of Pacification - Montevirgen, Mathew (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Security/Capital: A General Theory of Pacification," by George S. Rigakos.

Gender, Religion and Workplace: Reimagining Reasonable Accommodation - Narain, Vrinda (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2017)
This paper evaluates the potential of the framework of reasonable accom- modation under Canadian human rights legislation to respond adequately to the workplace discrimination claims of minorities, particularly racialized Muslim women. Developing the premise that religious freedom and gender equality are not mutually exclusive, the author considers the legislative and judicial context of multiculturalism in Canada, as exemplified by the R. v. NS case (dealing with whether a witness in legal proceedings may wear a niqab while testifying) and by certain legislative initiatives (such as the federal Zero Tolerance for Barbaric Cultural Practices Act and the Quebec Charter of Values) that reflect a climate of growing xenophobia and islamophobia and that reinforce the "otherness" of minority racialized women under the pretext of secularism and gender equality. The paper then examines more closely the existing legal framework for rea- sonable accommodation in the workplace, arguing that the rigorous standard adopted by the Supreme Court in Meiorin was weakened and devalued in subse- quent decisions such as McGill and Hydro-Qu6bec. Ultimately, the author con- tends, state multiculturalism should be challenged and reconceptualized through the prism of critical multiculturalism, in order to move away from a simplistic emphasis on cultural difference and to address the underlying systemic issues of racism and discrimination. Furthermore, she argues, the notion of reasonable accommodation should be reformulated to shift the focus away from accommo- dation of minority women as tolerated exceptions to the norm, and towards the achievement of substantive equality through structural change.

Working through the past: Labor and authoritarian legacies in comparative perspective - Nastovski, Katherine (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Working Through the Past: Labor and Authoritarian Legacies in Comparative Perspective," edited by Teri L. Caraway, Maria Lorena Cook, and Stephen Crowley.

The Right to Build the City: Can Community Benefits Agreements Bring Employment Equity to the Construction Sector? - Nugent, James (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
Though rare in Canada, community benefits agreements (cbas) are now commonly being negotiated by labour-community coalitions in American cities. cbas require "urban revitalization" projects to provide living wages, affordable housing, and access to jobs for marginalized residents. Surprisingly little has been written about cbas within the labour studies literature, and most critiques of cbas correspond with private developments. This case study draws on three years of participatory, action-based fieldwork with a labour-community coalition, called the Toronto Community Benefits Network (hereafter, the Network). Formed in 2013, the Network tried to negotiate the first-ever cba with the Ontario government, linked to the $6.6 billion Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit project in Toronto. The Network won discursive support for cbas from provincial policymakers, but demands for employment equity were met with only an ineffective workplace-development approach. I explain and evaluate the Network's "insider strategy" in relation to political vulnerabilities of the government of Ontario; the Network's efforts to mobilize resources and gain union support; and the changing labour-relations regime governing infrastructure projects in Toronto. I argue that while cbas open a new terrain of struggle for marginalized groups and unions to assert a right to the city, these struggles are being coopted by governments and used as political cover for deepening neoliberal governance.

Safety and Multi-employer Worksites in High-risk Industries: An Overview - Nygren, Magnus; Jakobsson, Mats; Andersson, Eira; Johansson, Bo (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
This paper focuses on safety on multi-employer worksites in high-risk industries. Relevant industries are those that utilize flexible labour arrangements and specialization, such as construction, mining and petroleum production, and that traditionally have been high-risk due to hazards in the physical work environment and the occurrence of unsafe work processes and practices. These industries also share common characteristics in matters of overall work environments, multi-employer worksites (including subcontracting chains), as well as tasks performed by contractors, making it relevant to explore and clarify the situation regarding the safety of the affected groups. A comprehensive review is performed of 43 peer-reviewed research articles published up until early 2015, with a main focus on international studies covering safety issues on multi-employer worksites in construction and industrial work settings such as mining, petroleum production and manufacturing.The results show that previous research has focused on a number of key issues that may be divided into three broad categories: 1- contract work characteristics; 2- structural/organizational factors and conditions; 3- cultural conditions. Much of the focus is on structure and organization, for example, how multi-employer arrangements can lead to breakdowns in communication and overall disorganization effects in relation to safety. There is, however, a need for further studies on the nature of these structural and organizational factors and conditions, such as focused studies on the consequences of power asymmetry for the ability of contractors to adhere to safety laws and regulations. Furthermore, we argue that the development towards blurred organizational boundaries in these networks due to extensive outsourcing and long-term contracts may be a worthwhile avenue for future research into safety on multi-employer worksites.

Rogues Among Rebels: Entanglements between Irish Catholics and the Fishermen’s Protective Union of Newfoundland - O'Flaherty, Liam Michael (Simon Fraser University, 2017)
This thesis explores the relationship between Newfoundland’s Irish Catholics and the largely English-Protestant backed Fishermen’s Protective Union (FPU) in the early twentieth century. The rise of the FPU ushered in a new era of class politics. But fishermen were divided in their support for the union; Irish-Catholic fishermen have long been seen as at the periphery—or entirely outside—of the FPU’s fold. Appeals to ethno-religious unity among Irish Catholics contributed to their ambivalence about or opposition to the union. Yet, many Irish Catholics chose to support the FPU. In fact, the historical record shows Irish Catholics demonstrating a range of attitudes towards the union: some joined and remained, some joined and then left, and others rejected the union altogether. Far from being beholden to the whims of clerics, political elites, or the structural dictates of the economy and of region, Irish-Catholic fishermen made their own decisions about membership. Nevertheless, the pressures of class and ethno-religious solidarities mediated their decisions to engage with the union. This thesis uses a combination of newspaper sources, church correspondence, oral histories, censuses, and election data to unearth the history of Irish Catholics’ complex relationship with the FPU, and argues that this relationship is an example of the entanglements of ethnicity and class in pre-Confederation Newfoundland.

« Y aura-t-il toujours des pauvres? » : Les transformations des discours sur la pauvreté en période de prospérité - O'Neill, Stéphanie (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
Cet article s'intéresse à la façon dont les discours en circulation au Québec parlent de la pauvreté urbaine dans un contexte de prospérité. Il met en lumière la coexistence, pendant les années qui suivent la Seconde Guerre mondiale, d'une vision « individualisante » de la pauvreté avec une conception plus « socialisante » assimilant ce phénomène à une injustice. Il soutient aussi qu'un changement de paradigme s'effectue dans les années 1960 et 1970, la pauvreté commençant à être appréhendée en lien avec la société de consommation en voie de consolidation. Dans ce contexte, la pauvreté qui perdure en dépit de mesures prises pour l'enrayer dérange de plus en plus et en vient à être assimilée à un phénomène social dont l'injustice est exacerbée par les valeurs de la consommation de masse et la prospérité ambiante qui le rendent d'autant plus inacceptable.

The Effect of Lack of Citizenship on the Wages of Low-Skilled Non-Permanent Resident Workers in Canada - Palacio, Nelson Mauricio (Ryerson University, 2017)
This dissertation explores the effects of lack of citizenship on the wages of low-skilled Non-Permanent Residents (NPRs) in Canada—a category that includes temporary foreign workers, refugee claimants, and people with temporary resident visas on humanitarian grounds. The dissertation uses the 2006 census and quantitative methods (cross-tabulation and regression analysis) to evaluate wage differences between low-skilled workers without citizenship and low-skilled workers with citizenship or permanent resident status. Differences are calculated at the industry sector level and occupation level. The analysis further considers a set of intrinsic characteristics of low-skilled workers (including sex, level of education, official language ability and country of birth) and their occupations (provincial location, rural/urban setting). Empirically, this dissertation confirms that there is a penalty attached to lack of citizenship for low-skilled workers. In absolute terms, low-skilled NPRs earn low wages. In relative terms, these NPRs earn less than both the Canadian-born and immigrants low-skilled workers employed in the same occupations. Among low-skilled NPRs themselves, the Canadian labour market exhibits a hierarchy of wages and labour experiences on the lines of workers' country of birth, province of residence, and rural/urban place of work. Among low–skilled workers born in the same country, wages improve when either citizenship or the rights attached to permanent residence are acquired. From a policy perspective, the dissertation identifies the policy origins and drivers of low wages among low-skilled non-citizens. The thesis makes the case for the relevance of quantitative outcomes analyzed through a critical social lens. From a theoretical perspective too, the dissertation also shows how the state as a biased broker (towards capital) facilitates the implementation of non-citizenship as a means to accessing cheap labour.

Labor Market Rigidity, Social Policies and the Labor Share: Empirical Evidence Before and After the Big Crisis - Parisi, Maria Laura (Economic Systems, 2017)
This paper provides evidence of the impact of three important and general policies shaping the degree of labor market rigidity on the labor share: welfare expenditures, government ex- penditures on active labor market programs, and passive labor market measures. It analyses the impact of regulation, such as the intensity of employment protection, and evaluates whether trade unions and minimum wage institutions play a role in the relationship between all measures and the labor share. The labor income share has experienced a declining trend since the mid- 1970s in most advanced economies, and the existing literature found little if no correlation of this decline to general labor market characteristics. However, the present paper finds that some in- stitutions are correlated to the downward trend, depending on the welfare system adopted, and that welfare and employment protection counteract the decline. Moreover, many countries saw an upsurge in their labor share after the burst of the financial crisis. Evidence of whether the effect of the policies weakened or reinforced the labor share after 2007 is reported.

The Labor Relations of Love: Workers, Childcare, and the State in 1970s Vancouver, British Columbia - Pasolli, Lisa; Smith, Julia (Labor, 2017)
This article examines the efforts of feminist unions to organize childcare workers in 1970s Vancouver, British Columbia, and highlights the entrenched opposition to union organizing by women considered to be “just babysitters.” These workers’ efforts challenged the “love-versus-money” divide that hampered women’s organizing efforts in the care sector. Vancouver childcare workers, working in alliance with parents, insisted on the public importance of their traditionally private work. In doing so, they connected their fight for better working conditions with the fight for universal childcare. They linked women’s struggles in the workplace to calls for the redistribution of society’s caregiving responsibilities away from families and the market and toward the state. Government intransigence prevented meaningful childcare policy reform, but workers’ efforts highlighted a key moment in Vancouver’s feminist and labor history when the fair treatment of care workers was linked to the liberation of all women.

From Such Great Heights - Pehl, Matthew (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews "Labor’s Love Lost: The Rise and Fall of the Working-Class Family in America," by Andrew J. Cherlin, "Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis," by J.D. Vance, "Fighting for Total Person Unionism: Harold Gibbons, Ernest Calloway, and Working-Class Citizenship," by Robert Bussel, "Conservative Counterrevolution: Challenging Liberalism in 1950s Milwaukee," by Tula A. Connell, and "Reframing Randolph: Labor, Black Freedom, and the Legacies of A. Philip Randolph," edited by Andrew E. Kersten and Clarence Lang.

Health and Safety in Canadian Workplaces - Pérusse, Michel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Health and Safety in Canadian Workplaces," by Jason Foster and Bob Barnetson.

Dialogue social, relations du travail et syndicalisme : perspectives historiques et internationales - Plamondon, Frédérick (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Dialogue social, relations du travail et syndicalisme : perspectives historiques et internationales," edited by Paul-André Lapointe,

Quand travailler enferme dans la pauvreté et la précarité : travailleuses et travailleurs pauvres au Québec et dans le monde - Plamondon, Frédérick (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Thiis article reviews the book, "Quand travailler enferme dans la pauvreté et la précarité : travailleuses et travailleurs pauvres au Québec et dans le monde," by Carole Yerochewski.

Waking up to the reality of Canadian higher education - Polster, Claire; Amsler, Sarah (Academic Matters, 2017)
Higher-education systems in Canada and the United Kingdom share much in common, but there are important differences that faculty on both sides of the Atlantic should appreciate. The UK experience can wake Canadian academics up to the urgency of resisting university corporatization and to the opportunities for resistance that remain.

“Due Attention Has Been Paid to All Rules”: Women, Tavern Licences, and Social Regulation in Montreal, 1840-1860 - Poutanen, Mary Anne (Histoire sociale / Social History, 2017)
Taverns and inns were centres of neighbourhood life, places for travellers seeking meals, drink, and accommodation and commercial and domestic spaces where keepers and their families earned a living and that they called home. Women figured largely in public houses as patrons, servants, family members, and publicans in their own right. The article focuses on a sample of 90 female publicans who held tavern licences from 1840 to 1860, arguing that keeping these establishments afforded them distinct levels of economic independence and power. It considers broadly those characteristics that constituted ideal female keepers in mid-nineteenth-century Montreal and how they maintained a respectable status precisely at a moment when alcohol consumption and associated licensed and unlicensed commercial sites were coming increasing under scrutiny by temperance advocates, authorities of the criminal justice system, and elites. To retain their licences, female keepers had to negotiate the landmines of respectability by following licensing regulations, maintaining a reputable demeanour, and regulating the public house’s culture and clientele.

In Love and Struggle: The Revolutionary Lives of James and Grace Lee Boggs - Powell, Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "In Love and Struggle: The Revolutionary Lives of James and Grace Lee Boggs," by Stephen M. Ward.

Precarious Employment and Difficult Daily Commutes - Premji, Stéphanie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Precarious employment is on the rise in Canada, increasing by nearly 50% in the last two decades. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which it can impact upon geographical mobility. Employment-related geographical mobility refers to mobility to, from and between workplaces, as well as mobility as part of work. We report on a qualitative study conducted among 27 immigrant men and women in Toronto that investigates the relationship between precarious employment and daily commutes while exploring the ways in which gender, class and migration structure this relationship.Interview data reveal that participants were largely unable to work where they lived or live where they worked. Their precarious jobs were characterized by conditions that resulted in long, complex, unfamiliar, unsafe and expensive commutes. These commuting difficulties, in turn, resulted in participants having to refuse or quit jobs, including desirable jobs, or being unable to engage in labour market strategies that could improve their employment conditions (e.g. taking courses, volunteering, etc.). Participants’ commuting difficulties were amplified by the delays, infrequency, unavailability and high cost of public transportation. These dynamics disproportionately and/or differentially impacted certain groups of workers. Precarious work has led to workers having to absorb an ever-growing share of the costs associated with their employment, underscored in our study as time, effort and money spent travelling to and from work. We discuss the forces that underlie the spatial patterning of work and workers in Toronto, namely the growing income gap and the increased polarization among neighbourhoods that has resulted in low-income immigrants increasingly moving from the centre to the edges of the city. We propose policy recommendations for public transportation, employment, housing and child care that can help alleviate some of the difficulties described.

Pathways between under/unemployment and health among racialized immigrant women in Toronto - Premji, Stephanie; Shakya, Yogendra (Ethnicity & Health, 2017)
Objective. We sought to document pathways between under/unemployment and health among racialized immigrant women in Toronto while exploring the ways in which gender, class, migration and racialization, as interlocking systems of social relations, structure these relationships. Design. We conducted 30 interviews with racialized immigrant women who were struggling to get stable employment that matched their education and/or experience. Participants were recruited through flyers, partner agencies and peer researcher networks. Most interviews (21) were conducted in a language other than English. Interviews were transcribed, translated as appropriate and analyzed using NVivo software. The project followed a community-based participatory action research model. Results. Under/unemployment negatively impacted the physical and mental health of participants and their families. It did so directly, for example through social isolation, as well as indirectly through representation in poor quality jobs. Under/unemployment additionally led to the intensification of job search strategies and of the household/caregiving workload which also negatively impacted health. Health problems, in turn, contributed to pushing participants into long-term substandard employment trajectories. Participants’ experiences were heavily structured by their social location as low income racialized immigrant women. Conclusions. Our study provides needed qualitative evidence on the gendered and racialized dimensions of under/unemployment, and adverse health impacts resulting from this. Drawing on intersectional analysis, we unpack the role that social location plays in creating highly uneven patterns of under/unemployment and negative health pathways for racialized immigrant women. We discuss equity informed strategies to help racialized immigrant women overcome barriers to stable work that match their education and/or experience.

Racial Extractivism: Neoliberal White Settler Colonialism and Tar Sands Extraction - Preston, Jennifer Lauren (York University, 2017)
This dissertation traces the reoccurrence of logics which attempt to justify white settler occupation and the extraction, theft and harm of Indigenous lands and life in the Athabasca region and in relation to the extraction, transportation and marketing of bitumen. By tracing the entrenchment of notions of white entitlement to land and life in this context, the repetitiveness of normalized epistemic and ontological colonial violence comes into view as just as much a part of the contemporary neoliberal moment as it was during the founding of the nation-state. The Athabasca region is home to the worlds second largest deposit of oil and is being aggressively extracted despite being an unconventional oil source that requires massive amounts of energy, water, toxic chemicals and irreversible environmental damage to extract. Herein, historical narratives of empire and nation-building are examined and linked to extractive industries over time, first within a colonial mercantilist economy, then within a capitalist economic structure and finally within the contemporary neoliberal context. The relationships between private capital and the white settler government are explored as deeply interconnected and as mutually involved in the creation and maintenance of normalized white settler colonialism. Furthermore, the dissertation examines the extractive practices of white settler colonialism as always already informed by logics of white supremacy, and develops the concept of racial extractivism as a theoretical lens through which race, racism and racialization as well as colonialism may be centered in studies of resource extraction and nation-state building. Influenced by Cedric Robinsons (1983) theorization of racial capitalism, racial extractivism contributes to studies of political economy, settler colonialism, and to cultural studies and is utilized in analyzing the more regionally specific context of tar sands extraction and the contemporary discursive strategies supporting it and marketing it domestically and internationally. Lastly, the project examines neoliberalism and the securitization of the industry and attempts to think about racial extractivism intersectionally, as white settler state power combines with the forces of private oil and gas companies to discursively and affectively normalize ongoing colonial violence.

Russell: Government, Labour, and Business Progressivism in a Canadian War Industry, 1899-1920 - Pritchard, Kyle (University of Guelph, 2017)
In May 1919, businessman and former munitions manufacturer Thomas Russell was brought before the Royal Commission on Industrial Relations (Mathers Commission) to provide insight into the largest collection of strikes in Canadian history. Russell was one of Canada’s pioneering automakers, first employed as general manager of the Canada Cycle and Motor Co. (CCM) and later as vice-president when the company was reorganized to become the Russell Motor Car Co. (RMCC). Russell had been actively engaged in business and political discourse for nearly two decades and played a leading role in implementing industrial reforms during the First World War. The RMCC became the largest private producer of shell fuses in Canada and employed one of the country’s largest female workforces. While these progressive reforms increased the productivity and profitability of munitions manufacturers, they had been implemented with little regard to their dramatic transformation of wartime labour conditions. As the war came to a close, Russell suspended his seemingly “progressive” program in favour of protecting his companies’ enormous late war profits. When asked what he believed to be the cause of labour unrest, he told the Mathers Commission that the strikes were not the fault of employers’ wartime industrial policies, but rather an unavoidable “natural desire for betterment” among dissatisfied workers and the unemployed. Contrary to Russell’s testimony, employers were very much responsible. This project explores the origins of progressive ideals in Canadian business at the turn of the 20th century and their impact on industrial reform during the First World War. As war manufacturers, business progressives failed to address the devastation their industries caused in the post-war period. Their post-war factory closures and reluctance to compromise with the growing labour movement substantially contributed to the outbreak of the 1919 labour revolt and fueled future advocacy for government intervention in the Canadian economy.

Precarious Employment: Causes, Consequences and Remedies - Procyk, Stephanie; Lewchuk, Wayne; Shields, John (Fernwood Publishing, 2017)

The Predictors of Unmet Demand for Unions in Non-Union Workplaces: Lessons from Australia - Pyman, Amanda; Teicher, Julian; Cooper, Brian; Holland, Peter (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
In this study, we examine the predictors of unmet demand for unions in non-union workplaces, using the Australian Worker Representation and Participation Survey (AWRPS). Unmet demand is defined here, as those employees in non-union workplaces who would be likely to join a union if one were available. We argue that this is the first study in Australia to examine the predictors of unmet demand in non-union workplaces, and, that this is an important line of inquiry given a rise in non-union workplaces and never members in Australia, alongside declining union density and membership numbers. Drawing on three strands of existing literature, namely the individual propensity to unionize, the rise and characteristics of non-union workplaces and alternative forms of representation, and, managerial responsiveness to employees and unions, we develop and test four hypotheses.Our results show, controlling for a range of personal, job and workplace characteristics, that there are two significant predictors of the willingness to join a union in non-union workplaces: perceived union instrumentality (Hypothesis 2) and perceived managerial responsiveness to employees (Hypothesis 4), whereby employees who perceive that managers lack responsiveness are more likely to want to join a union if one were available.These results show that unions must try to enhance their instrumentality in workplaces and could be more effective in recruiting if they targeted never members. The results also show that unions need to have some gauge (measure) of how responsive managers are to employees, and that they can leverage poor responsiveness of managers for membership gain and the extension of organizing. In the final analysis, an understanding of the predictors of unmet demand for unions in non-union workplaces has implications for Australian unions’ servicing and organizing strategies, and for their future growth prospects.

Indians in the Fur Trade: Their Role as Trappers, Hunters, and Middlemen in the Lands Southwest of Hudson Bay, 1660-1870: with a new introduction - Ray, Arthur J. (University of Toronto Press, 2017)
First published in 1974, this best-selling book was lauded by Choice as 'an important, ground-breaking study of the Assiniboine and western Cree Indians who inhabited southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan' and 'essential reading for anyone interested in the history of the Canadian west before 1870.' Indians in the Fur Trade makes extensive use of previously unpublished Hudson's Bay Company archival materials and other available data to reconstruct the cultural geography of the West at the time of early contact, illustrating many of the rapid cultural transformations with maps and diagrams. Now with a new introduction and an update on sources, it will continue to be of great use to students and scholars of Native and Canadian history. –Publisher's description
Google-Books-ID: GZfCAQAACAAJ

Worker Voice: Employee Representation in the Workplace in Australia, Canada, Germany, the UK and the US, 1914–1939 - Rees, Jonathan (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Worker Voice: Employee Representation in the Workplace in Australia, Canada, Germany, the UK and the US, 1914–1939," by Greg Patmore.

Claiming the Road: Intersectional Mobilities and Unfreedom among Migrant Farmworkers in Canada - Reid-Musson, Emily R. (University of Toronto, 2017)
This study considers the travel patterns, practices and conditions that shape how migrant farmworkers circulate in rural southwestern Ontario. While migrants in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) do not exercise occupational mobility and are housed in employer-provided accommodations, they are otherwise legally entitled to circulate freely in Canada. In practical terms, however, most experience significant mobility barriers. The study investigates the mechanisms by which migrant farmworkers are confined and immobilized to farm spaces on systemic levels, contributing to a vein of research on the immobilities that pervade everyday life for transnational, low-wage labour migrants. I show how localized mobility controls placed around migrants as well as inadequate transportation create a “mobility fix” for farm operators and state actors. Technologies of confinement that immobilize migrant farmworkers are justified through racial and sexual ideologies about migrants being a threatening presence in rural Canada, while permitting high levels of value to be extracted from migrants’ labour. The dissertation is organized as three empirical journal articles which are preceded by a chapter on research methods. In the first article I document how a purported problem with transient farm labour migration to Ontario from Quebec and Atlantic Canada was constructed in the 1960’s and 1970’s. In response, the Canadian government devised the SAWP as an institutional mechanism to undercut transnational migrants’ constitutional and practical mobility rights, rights that transients harnessed. This chapter reveals how enacting controls around migrants’ local mobilities has been crucial to the “making” of migrant agricultural workforces in Canada. In the second article I identify how systemic immobilities for SAWP workers are enacted by Canadian family farm operators. I show how Canadian family farms benefit from high levels of personal and intimate interaction with SAWP employees. I identify how operators impose high limitations and constraints as to when, where, and how migrants can travel beyond formal work hours. Finally, the third article examines how migrants have forged bicycling geographies in rural places and how migrant bicyclists are perceived in Canadian communities. Migrants are more vulnerable as bicyclists, do not bike out of choice, and have become subjects of bike safety education. I argue that racial and economic forms of exploitation as well as socio-spatial exclusions inflect actually existing bicycling geographies.

From Left to Right: Maternalism and Women's Political Activism in Postwar Canada - Ricci, Amanda (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "From Left to Right: Maternalism and Women's Political Activism in Postwar Canada," by Brian Thorn.

After Prison: Navigating Employment and Reintegration - Ricciardelli, Rose; Peters, Adrienne M.F. (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2017)
[This book] opens with a former prisoner's story of reintegration employment experiences. Next, relying on a combination of research interviews, quantitative data, and literature, contributors present an international comparative review of Canada's evolving criminal record legislation; the promotive features of employment; the complex constraints and stigma former prisoners encounter as they seek employment; and the individual and societal benefits of assisting former prisoners attain "gainful" employment. A main theme throughout is the interrelationship between employment and other central conditions necessary for safety and sustenance. [The] book offers suggestions for criminal record policy amendments and new reintegration practices that would assist individuals in the search for employment. Using the evidence and research findings of practitioners and scholars in social work, criminology and law, psychology, and other related fields, the contributors concentrate on strategies that will reduce the stigma of having been in prison; foster supportive relationships between social and legal agencies and prisons and parole systems; and encourage individually tailored resources and training following release of individuals. –Publisher's description. Contents: Section I – The Employment–Re-entry Enigma/Dilemma. Work after prison: one man's transition / James Young [pseudonym] – Employment and desistance from crime / Kemi S. Anazodo, Christopher Chan, and Rose Ricciardelli – Employment and criminal offenders with mental illness / Krystle Martin. Section II – Criminal Histories, Employment Prospects, and Moving Forward. Job search, suspended: changes to Canada's Pardon Program and the impact of finding employment / Samantha McAleese – Vulnerabilities and barriers in post-release employment reintegration as indicated by parolees / Rose Ricciadelli and Taylor Mooney. Section III - Employment reintegration programming: supportive strategies and related outcomes. Is criminal history at the time of employment predictive of job performance? : A comparison of disciplinary actions and terminations in a sample of production workers / Mark G. Harmon, Laura J. Hickman, Alexandra M. Arneson, and Ashley M. Hansen – Transforming rehabilitation: a critical evaluation of barriers encountered by an offender rehabilitation program for South Asian/Muslim offenders within the new probation service model / Christine Victoria Hough – Promoting employment opportunities through mentorship for gang-involved youth reintegrating into the community / Adrienne M.F. Peters – Barriers to community reintegration: the benefits of client-centred case management and pre-employment skills training / Ashley Brown. Section IV - The employment reintegration of unique populations. "Between a rock and a hard place": how being a "convict" hinders finding work in the neo-liberal, late-capitalist economy / Dale C. Spencer – Does the "wrongful" part of wrongful conviction make a difference in the job market? / Kimberley A. Clow – Conclusion. Employment reintegration / Rose Ricciardelli and Adrienne M.F. Peters.
OCLC: 1031724883
Keywords: Canada. BUSINESS & ECONOMICS; Canada. Criminals; Employment; Employment. Genre/Form: Electronic books; Ex-convicts; Labor & Industrial Relations. Criminals; Labor. POLITICAL SCIENCE; Rehabilitation; Rehabilitation. Ex-convicts

Drawn to Change: Graphic Histories of Working-Class Struggle - Rifkind, Candida (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Drawn to Change: Graphic Histories of Working-Class Struggle," edited by the Graphic History Collective .

Toutes les femmes sont d'abord ménagères : histoire d'un combat féministe pour la reconnaissance du travail ménager : Québec 1968-1985 - Robert, Camille (Éditions Somme toute, 2017)
Dès les années 1970, le mouvement féministe québécois s’est largement mobilisé pour obtenir la reconnaissance sociale et économique du travail ménager. Toutefois, à partir des années 1980, cette lutte a été écartée, tant du mouvement des femmes que de son histoire. Combat abandonné, mais non gagné, son fardeau continue de peser aujourd’hui sur les femmes. Si la conciliation travail-famille ou la répartition des tâches dans le couple sont des thématiques présentes dans l’espace public, ce sont encore largement les femmes qui en assument la responsabilité. Ce livre propose une analyse historique des discours féministes sur le travail ménager et des débats entourant sa reconnaissance, à travers trois avenues : la socialisation, le salaire au travail ménager et les réformes gouvernementales. Rendre visible un travail qui ne l’est pas et réinscrire au sein des luttes féministes les enjeux liés à la reproduction sociale, tel est le but de cet ouvrage documenté et rigoureux. –Résumé de l'éditeur
https://editionssommetoute.com/livre/toutes-les-femmes-sont-dabord-menageres/ OCLC: 1008900689
Keywords: 1900-1999; Employés de maison Aspect économique Québec (Province); Employés de maison Québec (Province) Conditions économiques; Feminism; Feminism Québec (Province) History 20th century; Femmes au foyer Québec (Province) Conditions économiques; Féminisme Québec (Province) Histoire 20e siècle; History; Household employees Economic aspects Québec (Province); Household employees Québec (Province) Economic conditions; Housekeepers Québec (Province) Economic conditions; Housekeepers Salaries; etc. Québec (Province); Québec; Salaires Femmes au foyer Québec (Province); Wages Housewives; Wages Housewives Québec (Province)

Reverend Addie Wyatt: Faith and the Fight for Labor, Gender, and Racial Equality - Rocksborough-Smith, Ian (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Reverend Addie Wyatt: Faith and the Fight for Labor, Gender, and Racial Equality," by Marcia Walker-McWilliams.

Protecting Concerted Action outside the Union Context - Rogers, Brishen; Archer, Simon (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2017)
Canada's labour laws do not adequately protect non-union forms of concerted action - a problematic gap in the legislation, given the increase in alternative models of collective organizing. This article proposes the adoption in Canada of broader protections similar to those found in the United States, where section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act extends protection to concerted action by employees regardless of whether they are unionized or even seeking to unionize. Beginning with a comparison of the current legislative schemes in the two countries, the authors argue that because the limitations to concerted action in Canadian labour law are similar to those in the U.S., the proposal is unlikely to disturb settled law beyond its intent. The positive impacts of adopting section 7-like protection in Canada are canvassed, which include encouraging stronger employee "voice," allowing for increased realization of the constitutional guar- antee of freedom of association, and enabling experimentation with non-union forms of collective representation. These changes would help to balance work- place power dynamics, and allow workers more flexibility in choosing how to advocate for themselves.

Recent Developments in Unionizing the Precarious Workforce: The Exemption Regimes of Care Workers and Farm Workers in Quebec - Rolland, Anne-Julie (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2017)
Quebec has established special "exemption regimes" to govern the labour relations of two groups of precarious workers: home-based care workers and farm workers. Those regimes give the workers in question limited rights of rep- resentation and collective bargaining but otherwise exclude them from the gen- eral scheme of labour relations set out in the Labour Code. This paper reviews the history of efforts to unionize home care and farm workers in Quebec as well as the ensuing constitutional litigation, which in each case forms the immediate background to the creation of the exemption regime. In the case of home-based care workers, the regime gives workers certain associative rights, including the right to conclude "group agreements" with the responsible Minister respecting terms and conditions of employment, while maintaining an irrebuttable pre- sumption that the workers are self-employed. The author notes that although the unions representing various groups of home-based care workers have made some important gains, the constitutionality of individual elements of the scheme (e.g. restrictions on the permissible scope of bargaining) is open to question and is currently the subject of a challenge in the courts. With respect to farm workers in Quebec - mostly migrants - the applicable legislation gives employees' associations only minimal rights to make representations to the employer, and to discuss those representations with the employer in good faith. In the author's view, the scheme is highly unlikely to permit a meaningful process of collective bargaining, and is therefore also vulnerable to Charter challenge, particularly in the face of the Supreme Court of Canada's 2015 labour trilogy. Ultimately, the author argues, the piecemeal proliferation of exemption regimes is no answer to the emergence of precarious work, and a fundamental reconsideration of the principles of collective representation is necessary.

Black Labor, White Sugar: Caribbean Braceros and their Struggle for Power in the Cuban Sugar Industry - Rothera, Evan (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Black Labor, White Sugar: Caribbean Braceros and their Struggle for Power in the Cuban Sugar Industry," by Philip A. Howard.

Too Great a Burden to Bear: The Struggle and Failure of the Freedmen’s Bureau in Texas - Rothera, Evan (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Too Great a Burden to Bear: The Struggle and Failure of the Freedmen’s Bureau in Texas," by Christopher B. Bean.

‘They Took Our Beads, It Was a Fair Trade, Get Over It’: Settler Colonial Logics, Racial Hierarchies and Material Dominance in Canadian Agriculture - Rotz, Sarah (Geoforum, 2017)
Canada is in a liminal space, with renewed struggles for and commitments to indigenous land and food sovereignty on one hand, and growing capital interest in land governance and agriculture on the other. While neoliberal capital increasingly accumulates land-based control, settler-farming communities still manage much of Canada’s arable land. This research draws on studies of settler colonialism, racial hierarchy and othering to connect the ideological with the material forces of settler colonialism and show how material dominance is maintained through colonial logics and racially ordered narratives. Through in-depth interviews, I investigate how white settler farmers perceive and construct two distinctly ‘othered’ groups: Indigenous peoples and migrant farmers and farm workers. Further, I show the disparate role of land and labour in constructing each group, and specifically, the cultural and material benefits of these constructions for land-based settler populations. At the same time, settler colonial structures and logics remain reciprocally coupled to political conditions. For instance, contemporary neoliberalism in Canadian agriculture modifies settler colonial structures to be sure. I argue, however, that political economic analyses of land and food production in Canada (such as corporate concentration, land grabbing and farm consolidation) ought to better integrate the systemic forces of settler colonialism that have conditioned land access in the first place. Of course, determining who is able to access land—and thus, who is able to grow food—continues to be a territorial struggle. Thus, in order to shift these conditions we ought to examine how those with access and control have acquired and maintained it.
Keywords: Agriculture; Canada; Farming; Settler Colonialism; Food Justice; Indigenous Sovereignty; Race

Les syndicats internationaux dans l'industrie de la construction au Québec (1887–1930) - Rouillard, Jacques (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
Les syndicats internationaux prennent de l'expansion dans l'industrie de la construction au Québec, entre 1887 et 1930, et en viennent à dominer le paysage syndical. Ces années sont aussi celles où les syndicats parviennent parfois à faire passer les relations de travail de rapport brut avec les employeurs à la négociation et à la signature de contrats collectifs de travail. Comme dans le reste de l'Amérique du Nord, les syndicats internationaux de la construction apportent un modèle de relations de travail qui comporte des différences par rapport à celui qui domine dans l'industrie manufacturière. Comme les syndicats dans ces industries, ceux de la construction désirent parvenir à un contrôle partagé de leur milieu de travail en imposant ou en négociant des contrats précisant l'échelle des salaires, les heures de travail, le rôle des agents syndicaux et l'arbitrage des conflits. Mais ils attachent une importance primordiale à l'obtention de l'atelier syndical fermé et à la mise sur pied de bureaux de placement. Il faut dire que la fluidité des lieux de travail et l'instabilité des emplois font en sorte que les ouvriers de la construction, plus que les autres travailleurs, vivent dans l'insécurité. La stratégie utilisée par les syndicats pour pallier à cette insécurité et améliorer les conditions de travail consiste à regrouper la grande majorité des ouvriers d'un métier dans une ville donnée et à obtenir l'atelier syndical fermé sur les chantiers. Ils y greffent les bureaux de placement pour leurs membres, ce qui rend l'appartenance syndicale attrayante, car elle devient source de travail pour les syndiqués. Elle représente aussi une forme de gestion paritaire de la demande de main-d'oeuvre et pour les syndicats, un certain contrôle de l'offre de travail. Pendant la période étudiée, la syndicalisation des ouvriers de la construction leur vaut des avantages significatifs en termes de salaires, d'heures de travail et de règles régissant l'organisation du travail. À Montréal, les briqueteurs et charpentiers-menuisiers doublent leur salaire réel de 1901 à 1930 et voient leur semaine de travail réduite de 60 à 44 heures pour certains d'entre eux.

If We Can Win Here: The New Front Lines of the Labor Movement - Russell, Jason (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "If We Can Win Here: The New Front Lines of the Labor Movement," by Fran Quigley.

“Thigh in the Sky”: Canadian Pacific Dresses Its Female Flight Attendants - Sangster, Joan; Smith, Julia (Labor, 2017)
This article uses a case study of a highly publicized 1970 controversy over Canadian Pacific Air Lines’ flight attendant uniforms—specifically, a switch from mini to midi skirt—as a case study in business-labor relations concerning the regulation of women workers’ bodily appearance. Using company and union records and employing a historical, materialist, and feminist analysis, we trace how notions of aesthetic and emotional labor changed over time in relation to the political economy, gender ideologies, and the agency of workers themselves. The flight attendants’ reluctance to challenge the airline’s sexist advertising indicated how both accommodation and resistance were intertwined in complex ways in the workplace. Their acceptance of more “thigh in the sky” had much to do with a highly regulated and disciplined workplace, an entrenched division of labor on the airplane, and gendered notions of beauty and glamour in the industry, including women’s strategic use of beauty on the job to their own advantage.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313411093_Thigh_in_the_Sky_Canadian_Pacific_Dresses_Its_Female_Flight_Attendants

Kill it to save it – An Autopsy of Capitalism’s Triumph over Democracy - Sarfati, Hedva (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Kill it to save it – An Autopsy of Capitalism’s Triumph over Democracy," by Corey Dolgon.

Organized Labour, Campaign Finance, and the Politics of Strategic Voting in Ontario - Savage, Larry; Ruhloff-Queiruga, Nick (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article uses campaign finance data to trace the changing landscape of party-union relations in Ontario. In an analysis of six provincial elections that took place between 1995 and 2014, the authors demonstrate that significant segments of the province's labour movement have abandoned exclusive electoral alliances with the New Democratic Party in favour of multi-partisan strategic voting campaigns designed to block the election of Progressive Conservative candidates.

Unions in Court: Organized Labour and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Savage, Larry; Smith, Charles W. (UBC Press, 2017)
Since the turn of the twenty-first century, Canadian unions have scored a number of important Supreme Court victories, securing constitutional rights to picket, bargain collectively, and strike. Unions in Court documents the evolution of the Canadian labour movement’s engagement with the Charter, demonstrating how and why labour’s long-standing distrust of the legal system has given way to a controversial, Charter-based legal strategy. This book’s in-depth examination of constitutional labour rights will have critical implications for labour movements as well as activists in other fields. –Publisher's description.

Migration, Precarity and Global Governance – Challenges and Opportunities for Labour - Sayin, Firat (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Migration, Precarity and Global Governance – Challenges and Opportunities for Labour," edited by Carl-Ulrik Schierup, Ronaldo Munck, Branka Likic-Brboric and Anders Neergaard.

Class Struggle, the Communist Party, and the Popular Front in Canada, 1935-1939 - Schoots-McAlpine, Martin (Trent University, 2017)
This thesis is an attempt to provide a critical history of the Communist Party of Canada (CPC) during the Popular Front era, roughly November 1935 to September 1939. This study contains a detailed examination of the various stages of the Popular Front in Canada (the united front, the height of the Popular Front, and the Democratic front), with special attention paid to the CPC’s activities in: the youth movement, the labour movement, the unemployed movement, the peace movement, and the anti-fascist movement. From this I conclude that the implementation of the Popular Front, the transformation of the CPC from a revolutionary party to a bourgeois party, was not a smooth process, but instead was punctuated and resisted by elements within the CPC in what can be considered a process of class struggle internal to the CPC itself.
Keywords: Canada; Communism; Great Depression; Labour; Popular Front; Social sciences; Socialism

Tilting at Windmills: The Utopian Socialist Roots of the Patriot War, 1838–1839 - Schrauwers, Albert (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The Hunters' Lodge was a secretive, grassroots American social movement that arose during the Patriot War in support of the Canadian Rebellions of 1837–38. However, despite the large number of participants, we know little about those who took part. This article decentres the military narratives that dominate the existing historiography by providing a collective cultural biography (or prosopography) of the Lodge's leadership elected in September 1838 at a Patriot Congress in Cleveland. An examination of the life trajectories of these men indicates their shared prewar participation in three related social movements: freethought, free banking, and Freemasonry. A closer cultural examination of the development and intersection of these movements reveals common ties within the Hunters' Lodge to Owenite utopian socialism as it moved from its communitarian phase to its involvement with an emerging American labour movement. These ties would place the Patriot War participants at the far left of the Democratic Party and in opposition to the concentration of land, wealth, and political power in the developing evangelical-antimasonic-Whig alliance in the aftermath of the financial panic of 1837.

Workplace Death at Sea: Chinese Surviving Families’ Experiences of Compensation Claims - Shan, Desai (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Seafaring remains one of the most adventurous yet dangerous forms of work. Compared to shore-based industrial workers, seafarers suffer a risk of fatality that is up to 11 times higher. Workplace fatality is proved to be harmful to the social, financial and health conditions of surviving families. Although there has been an increase in attention given to the improvement of seafarers’ health and working conditions at sea, the effects of death at sea on surviving families has remained neglected by both researchers and policymakers.Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted with eight surviving family members in 2013 and 2014, this study investigates seafarers’ surviving families’ experiences of raising death compensation claims in China, which has the world’s largest population of seafarers. The work-related fatalities occurred between 2005 and 2013. At the time of the study, 2.4 years had elapsed on average since the deaths took place. All research participants reported considerable difficulties in communicating with crewing agencies and contacting ship owners when making compensation claims.This study shows that surviving families are in a vulnerable position when in conflict with companies. It also reveals that weak state prevention forces surviving families to defend their rights through protests. The absence of regulation over organizations involved in foreign-related employment relationships exacerbates the economic loss and mental harm suffered by surviving families following the occurrence of workplace fatalities. Furthermore, current legal and administrative procedures are unable to restore justice and provide therapeutic help for surviving families. Consequently, surviving families have suffered considerable financial loss and additional psychological harm in claim processes.

Public Rights and Private Remedies: Reflection on Enforcing Employment Standards through Grievance Arbitration - Shilton, Elizabeth (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2017)
Some years ago, both Ontario and British Columbia amended their employment standards legislation to require employees in unionized workplaces to adjudicate their employment standards claims through their collective agree- ments. Unions at the time objected to the downloading of costs of public rights enforcement onto grievance arbitration - rightly, in the author's view, because grievance arbitration is designed to resolve disputes arising from private law generated by collective bargaining, not to enforce individual rights conferred by public law. By placing employment standards claims within the exclusive juris- diction of arbitrators, the amendments made those statutory rights part of the "bundle" that is subject to the compromises and tradeoffs inherent in collective agreement dispute resolution. The author acknowledges that there are compel- ling reasons to consolidate the adjudication of workplace disputes, including the potential for duplicative litigation, and the fact that private and public rights are closely intertwined in the modern workplace. What is needed, she suggests, is a custom-designed public tribunal, along the lines of a "labour court," with plenary jurisdiction to enforce both public and private rights, operating on prin- ciples that recognize society's interest in access to justice and equality before the law. She calls for further research to determine the impact of blending public and private rights enforcement systems on collective bargaining as an institution and on the welfare of unionized employees.

As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom Through Radical Resistance - Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake (University of Minnesota Press, 2017)
Across North America, Indigenous acts of resistance have in recent years opposed the removal of federal protections for forests and waterways in Indigenous lands, halted the expansion of tar sands extraction and the pipeline construction at Standing Rock, and demanded justice for murdered and missing Indigenous women. In As We Have Always Done, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson locates Indigenous political resurgence as a practice rooted in uniquely Indigenous theorizing, writing, organizing, and thinking. Indigenous resistance is a radical rejection of contemporary colonialism focused around refusing the dispossession of Indigenous bodies and land. Simpson makes clear that the resistance's goal can no longer be cultural resurgence as a mechanism for inclusion in a multicultural mosaic. Instead, she calls for unapologetic, place-based Indigenous alternatives to the destructive logics of the settler colonial state, including heteropatriarchy, white supremacy, and capitalist exploitation. –Publisher's description.
Book available to readers with print disabilities at Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/aswehavealwaysdo0000simp
Keywords: Activism. Ojibwa; Canada; Government relations; Government relations. Ojibwa Indians; Ojibwa Indians; Politics and government. Ojibwa; Politics and government. Ojibwa Indians

Advocates with Status: A Snapshot of Three NGOs in the Canadian Migrant Agricultural Workers’ Movement - Sinkowski, Carrie (Civil Society Engagement: Achieving Better in Canada, 2017)
This chapter explores the myriad of ways that Canadians use their status in Ontario to advance the labour agenda, and impact the lived experiences for migrant agricultural workers. It focuses on the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Programme (SAWP). The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs' website lists the main agriculture in Ontario in 2016. The major fruit crops were grapes, apples, peaches and strawberries. There are two primary concerns that appear again and again within the advocacy movement regarding SAWP: membership status in Canada and inadequate health and safety standards. SAWP workers are entitled to health care but are often reliant on the farm operator to access that care. There are three groups operating in Ontario who are examples of working with, not for, this group of workers that have been marginalized and exploited through legislation and economics; they are the United Food and Commercial Workers Union; Justice for Migrant Workers; and the Migrant Workers Alliance.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315159201

Freedom of Association and the Political Economy of Rights: The Collective Freedoms of Workers After SFL v. Saskatchewan - Smith, Charles W. (Studies in Political Economy, 2017)
In Saskatchewan Federation of Labour v. Saskatchewan (SFL v. Saskatchewan, 2015), the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that freedom of association in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms includes a collective ability for workers to strike. This decision was the latest in a series of cases in which the Supreme Court ruled that workers’ abilities to collectively bargain and strike are essential components of the constitutional protection of freedom of association. Using these decisions as a starting point, this paper reviews the uneven way that the court has elevated the associational freedoms of workers. The paper argues that the court’s balancing act between the collective freedoms of workers and the individual rights of employers conceals the material imbalance that has historically shaped capitalist social relations both inside and outside of the state. The paper argues further that these decisions have opened an important legal space for new mobilization strategies for working-class activists.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2017.1342991
Keywords: Collective bargaining; Saskatchewan Federation of Labour v. Saskatchewan; Supreme Court of Canada; freedom of association; workers’ rights

Editor's Note: New directions for Labour/Le Travail = Note de la rédaction : Nouvelles orientations pour Labour/Le Travail - Smith, Charles W.; Sangster, Joan (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
Announces the co-editorship of Charles Smith and Joan Sangster for this volume, and gratefully acknowledges the work of former editors as well as funding from OPSEU. The journal is a joint partnership of the Canadian Committee on Labour History and the Canadian Association of Work Studies. Seeks submissions that reflect new directions in the study of the workplace and labour, including analyses of labour and the state, feminist political economy, strikes and workplace conflict, union renewal, new models of worker organizing, environmental justice, Indigenous struggles inside and outside the workplace, global workers’ movements, anti-racism campaigns, lgbtq2s struggles. Also welcomes contributions on the social world of work, e.g., popular and working-class cultures, the gendered and racialized experiences of workers, the intersections between colonialism and labour, and the many permutations of labour in the past and present – informal, paid, unpaid, coerced, voluntary.

Towards a Global History of Domestic and Caregiving Workers - Smith, Julia (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Towards a Global History of Domestic and Caregiving Workers," edited by Dirk Hoerder, Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk, and Silke Neunsinger.

The Future of Work: Super-Exploitation and Social Precariousness in the 21st Century - Smith, Murray E. G. (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "The Future of Work: Super-Exploitation and Social Precariousness in the 21st Century," by Adrián Sotelo Valencia.

Worth Fighting For: Canada's Tradition of War Resistance from 1812 to the War on Terror - Smith, Nathan (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Worth Fighting For: Canada's Tradition of War Resistance from 1812 to the War on Terror," edited by Lara Campbell, Michael Dawson, and Catherine Gidney.

Cyber-Proletariat: Global Labour in the Digital Vortex - Stevens, Andrew (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Cyber-Proletariat: Global Labour in the Digital Vortex," by Nick Dyer-Witheford.

Regulating Work in the Gig Economy: What Are the Options? - Stewart, Andrew; Stanford, Jim (Economic and Labour Relations Review, 2017)
Paid work associated with digital platform businesses (in taxi, delivery, maintenance and other functions) embodies features which complicate the application of traditional labour regulations and employment standards. This article reviews the extent of this type of work in Australia, and its main characteristics. It then considers the applicability of existing employment regulations to these ‘gig’ jobs, citing both Australian and international legislation and case law. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the scope of traditional regulations, minimum standards and remedies in the realm of irregular digitally mediated work. Regulators and policymakers should consider how to strengthen and expand the regulatory framework governing gig work. The article notes five major options in this regard: enforcement of existing laws; clarifying or expanding definitions of ‘employment’; creating a new category of ‘independent worker’; creating rights for ‘workers’, not employees; and reconsidering the concept of an ‘employer’. We review the pros and cons of these approaches and urge regulators to be creative and ambitious in better protecting the minimum standards and conditions of workers in these situations.
https://www.academia.edu/download/73685855/825f335ca4241b265f41972ef57d8d430ee3.pdf

Migration and the Canadian Labour Market - Strauss, Kendra (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article reviews "Liberating Temporariness?: Migration, Work, and Citizenship in an Age of Insecurity," edited by Leah F. Vosko, Valerie Preston, and Robert Latham, "When Care Work Goes Global: Locating the Social Relations of Domestic Work," edited by Mary Romero, Valerie Preston, and Wenona Giles, and "Producing and Negotiating Non-Citizenship: Precarious Legal Status in Canada," edited by Luin Goldring and Patricia Landolt.

The Future of the Professions: How Technology will Transform the Work of Human Experts - Susskind, Richard E.; Susskind, Daniel (Oxford University Press, 2017)
This book predicts the decline of today's professions and describes the people and systems that will replace them. In an Internet society, according to Richard Susskind and Daniel Susskind, we will neither need nor want doctors, teachers, accountants, architects, the clergy, consultants, lawyers, and many others, to work as they did in the 20th century. The Future of the Professions explains how 'increasingly capable systems' – from telepresence to artificial intelligence – will bring fundamental change in the way that the 'practical expertise' of specialists is made available in society. The authors challenge the 'grand bargain' – the arrangement that grants various monopolies to today's professionals. They argue that our current professions are antiquated, opaque and no longer affordable, and that the expertise of their best is enjoyed only by a few. In their place, they propose six new models for producing and distributing expertise in society. The book raises important practical and moral questions. In an era when machines can out-perform human beings at most tasks, what are the prospects for employment, who should own and control online expertise, and what tasks should be reserved exclusively for people? Based on the authors' in-depth research of more than ten professions, and illustrated by numerous examples from each, this is the first book to assess and question the relevance of the professions in the 21st century. –Publisher's description
https://academic.oup.com/book/40589 OCLC: 1001317034

The Restructuring of Canada's Automotive Industry, 2005–2014 - Sweeney, Brendan A.; Mordue, Greigory D. (Canadian Public Policy, 2017)
The Canadian automotive industry underwent substantial restructuring between 2005 and 2014. This article draws on establishment-level data to examine these changes as they relate to both automotive assembly and automotive parts manufacturing. It also elucidates the limitations of using official government statistics to study the automotive industry. In addition to analyzing changes to the structure and composition of the industry, our data demonstrate that the industry employs far more people than are reported in official government statistics. We conclude that improvements to data collection methods are important for policy-makers to develop effective supports for the automotive industry.

Nonunion Representation in Law and Practice - Taras, Daphne (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2017)
This article provides a brief overview of the development of the Canadian approach to nonunion employee representation. For a century or more, nonunion representation vehicles have been used by workers and employers, without the attention, oversight and statutory regime that characterizes union-management relations. Nonunion representation rarely intersects with the law, and usually does so only when there is a collision between nonunion vehicles and trade unions during union organizing. Otherwise, the law is silent about nonunion representation. In the aftermath of the Supreme Court's contemporary analyses that commenced in 2001 with Dunmore, and moved through B.C. Health, Fraser, MPAO, and Meredith, the status of nonunion representation has not changed; these vehicles remain lawful. But there is considerable uncertainty about future directions. Might nonunion representation vehicles now be protected as collect- ives under the Charter, or will their somewhat sub-rosa nature remain? Should policy-makers and courts respect their maneuverability, or regulate them as inferior to unions? Certainly the Supreme Court has expressed distaste for these vehicles, as in the 2015 MPAO decision, but to what extent will this opprobrium find its way into Canadian law? We are at a crossroads, and if there is a legal challenge involving the status of nonunion collectives, there is no way of pre- dicting the outcome. In this article, the author discusses how an argument might be made that nonunion associations' activities could achieve Charter protection, and raises questions to which there are no clear answers.

Science asservie et invisibilité des cancers professionnels : études de cas dans le secteur minier en France - Thébaud-Mony, Annie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Depuis plus d’un siècle, l’évolution de la recherche concernant la santé publique, en général, et les risques du travail, en particulier, est largement dominée par les besoins et stratégies des industriels. Ceux-ci interviennent, non seulement dans le financement des études menées, mais aussi dans leur conception, parvenant à faire subsister le doute là où la mise en danger est manifeste. L’un des principaux points d’appui de cette incertitude indéfiniment reconduite réside dans l’invisibilité des pathologies liées au travail, en particulier les cancers professionnels.S’appuyant sur des enquêtes pluridisciplinaires en sciences sociales et sciences de la vie — qui mettent en question le modèle dominant monocausal de compréhension des liens entre cancer et facteurs de risque — la première partie de cet article démontre comment une interprétation réductrice de la causalité du cancer permet cette incertitude indéfiniment reconduite, inscrite dans le « paradigme du doute », tout en faisant obstacle à la connaissance et à la reconnaissance des cancers professionnels. Deux études de cas dans le secteur minier français illustrent ensuite la remise en cause, toujours possible, de la dangerosité de cancérogènes parfaitement identifiés, et le déni de droits à la reconnaissance en maladie professionnelle des travailleurs atteints, les maintenant dans l’invisibilité. Ainsi, le paradigme du doute, qui domine la santé publique, permet-il aux industriels, mais aussi aux acteurs étatiques — aujourd’hui comme hier — de s’appuyer sur l’incertitude pour envisager favorablement la réouverture de sites miniers dans des régions habitées, sans prise en compte des enjeux sanitaires. L’épidémie de cancer ne cesse de progresser atteignant, en France, une incidence estimée de 385 000 nouveaux cas par an en 2015 (contre 150 000 en 1984). Mais le doute entretenu sur les effets sanitaires de risques industriels, dont les dangers sont pourtant avérés, favorise encore actuellement la poursuite des conditions de production de cancers futurs, en particulier chez les premiers concernés par l’exposition aux cancérogènes, à savoir les travailleurs.

Hell’s History: The USW’s Fight to Prevent Workplace Deaths and Injuries from the 1992 Westray Mine - Thompson, Mark (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Thiis article reviews the book, "Hell’s History: The USW’s Fight to Prevent Workplace Deaths and Injuries from the 1992 Westray Mine," by Tom Sandborn.

Income Inequality: The Canadian Story - Thompson, Mark (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Income Inequality: The Canadian Story," edited by David A. Green, W. Craig Riddell and France St.-Hillaire.

"A Colourful Crowning Ceremony": Images of Class, Gender, and Beauty in World War II-Era Canadian Communism - Thorn, Brian (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
This article discusses beauty contests held by the Communist Party (cp) in British Columbia during World War II. It presents two arguments. First, the article argues that the beauty contests symbolized the Communist Party's viewpoint on the role of women in left movements, and in society in general. Thus, cp beauty pageants possessed a two-sided nature. On one level, cp women appropriated these pageants to present a hybrid version of the beauty contest where women could present leftist views. On the other hand, the pageants show that the cp only held marginally more progressive views on women than the mainstream. Second, the article suggests that Communist women and men had contrasting ideas about what the pageants meant to the party. cp men used women's bodies in pageants in order to promote and raise money for the party; in effect, Communist men saw these pageants as related to women's physical beauty. Communist women, by contrast, did not view the pageants as related to beauty at all. Indeed, these women saw the pageants as simply a way to promote the party's political program of higher wages and better working conditions. The article concludes that leftist men and women had different ideas about what constituted beauty, and that seemingly conservative cultural productions, like beauty pageants, can have radical goals.

Summer of My Amazing Luck - Toews, Miriam (https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/179092/summer-of-my-amazing-luck-by-miriam-toews/9780735274594, 2017)
Welcome to Winnipeg's Have-a-Life housing project... better known as Half-a-Life. Meet eighteen year-old Lucy and flamboyant Lish, two of the single moms who live there. Lucy has no idea who the father of her son is. Lish has four girls, and though she says she doesn't want a man around, she still pines for the father of her twins, a fire-eating busker who was just passing through town. Every Friday is "Deadbeat Dads" visiting day, but otherwise fathers aren't around much at Half-a-Life. Life at Half-a-Life has its ups and downs. The welfare regulations are endless and the ratfink neighbours won't mind their own business. Wagons and cheap strollers are the only way to get to and from the grocery stores, and it's hard enough to make ends meet without the welfare minister trying to take away the child tax credit. So when Lish decides they should go to Colorado to find the fire-eater, Lucy can't help but be excited. They borrow a van held together with coat hangers and electrical tape, load it up with kids and hit the road. Lucy knows they'll never find the fire-eater, but she doesn't know this will be the summer of her amazing luck. –Publisher's description
OCLC: 1032010336
Keywords: Domestic fiction; Fiction; Humorous fiction; Logement social Romans; nouvelles; etc; Manitoba Winnipeg; Mères de famille monoparentale Romans; nouvelles; etc; Public housing; Public housing Fiction; Single mothers; Single mothers Fiction; Winnipeg (Man.) Fiction

Polarity, Patriotism, and Dissent in Great War Canada, 1914–1919. - Tough, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The article reviews the book, "Polarity, Patriotism, and Dissent in Great War Canada, 1914–1919," by Brock Millman.

The Gig Economy and Contingent Work: An Occupational Health Assessment - Tran, Molly; Sokas, Rosemary K. (Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2017)
The gig economy describes forms of contingent work arrangements that require digital platforms, representing an evolution in contingent work, both in moving up the educational scale and in increased visibility. It has engaged many workers who are highly educated and might previously have been in traditional employer–employee relationships, and appears to increase their vulnerability to wage theft, independent contractor misclassification, job insecurity, and lack of occupational health protections. As occupational health physicians, our need to develop, evaluate, and implement interventions to address the needs of workers in non-traditional employment relationships is growing.

The Christian Labour Association of Canada (CLAC): Between Company and Populist Unionism - Tufts, Steven; Thomas, Mark (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
The Christian Labour Association of Canada (clac) has historically had a relatively small presence in Canada's labour movement. Increasing interest in clac over the last decade is due to its expanded membership, largely in western Canada and Ontario: the union claims to represent 60,000 workers. Further, the tactics used to achieve this growth have been controversial within organized labour. In fact, clac was expelled from central labour bodies for its employer accommodationist strategies. This article expands the understanding of clac beyond a characterization of classic "company" unionism. In this article we find that clac integrates elements of populism into a specific geographic strategy for expansion in ways that complicate analysis. We focus on labour board records of disputes between clac and other unions, a recent case where the union backed employer-friendly legislation in Ontario, and the union's rhetorical devices and propaganda.

A Critical Literature Review of the Impact of Precarious Work on the Mental Health of Immigrant Women in Canada - Umaigba, Karina (York University, 2017)
This critical review draws on existing literature on the discourse of precarious work within the Canadian nation-state. The goal of this research work is to critically examine the impact of precarious work on the lives, well-being and mental health of immigrants with a specific focus on immigrant women. Given that most research works have been mainly focused on the way in which precarious work creates health inequalities, this paper aims to throw light on the way in which precarious work can affect mental health. Also, the paper will examine the Canadian public policy response to this issue. The paper argues that Canada’s policy response is a reflection of the dominant political ideology within this nation-state. The dominant political ideology of neoliberalism seeks to justify minimal state intervention in policies that directly affect health and more broadly citizen’s life. The following principal questions will guide this critical review. 1) Why are immigrants, particularly immigrant women of color disproportionately situated in precarious forms of labour within the Canadian nation-state? 2) How does precarious work affect the mental health of immigrant women? 3) How and to what extent has capitalism and neoliberalism within the Canadian nation-state helped to perpetuate precarious working conditions for racialized immigrant women? By interrogating Canada’s neoliberal policy agenda as it affects immigrants through entrenched legislations of immigrant classes, the primary goal of this paper is to advance the construction that immigrants/migrants exist for economic exploitation and gain. The main theoretical framework that will guide this analysis is based on a post-colonial feminist scholarship that analyzes how inequities grounded on gender, race, class, and migratory status intersect to create complex and diverse labour market results for racialized immigrant women in Canada. A common theme that emerged throughout the critical review of several scholarly and grey literatures is that more women than men are situated in precarious work, and of those women in precarious forms of employment, women who identified as members of a visible minority group were even more disproportionately situated in precarious forms of work. Also, it was observed that the Canadian nation-state has to date failed to respond appropriately to this social and economic situation. Since employment and working conditions, unemployment and employment security – described as some of the most crucial social determinants of health – are significantly correlated to income and its security, allowing precarious work has only served to reinforce high-levels of income inequality, income insecurity and poverty within Canada.

Private Governance, State Regulation and Employment Standards: How Political Factors Shape their Nexus in Australian Horticulture - Underhill, Elsa; Rimmer, Malcolm (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
The global weakness of collective bargaining and state regulation has spawned growing interest in employment protection though private governance. However, scepticism about the efficacy of unsupervised codes of conduct has triggered debate about external discipline through state regulation. This article seeks to contribute to debates about the processes that shape the nexus between private governance and state regulation.It is based on an empirical study of Australian harvest workers who formally benefit from state regulation of pay and occupational health and safety (OHS). However, industry changes have undercut standards. Product market pressures from supermarkets squeeze growers’ capacity to pay. Also, the labour market is increasingly supplied by vulnerable Asian temporary migrants (including undocumented workers), often supplied to growers by unscrupulous temporary work agencies. While pay and OHS practices vary, many harvest workers are exploited. Nor is private governance (which extends to horticulture through the codes of conduct of supermarkets and peak temporary work agency bodies) effective. All codes draw their standards from minimum legal employment conditions, and all possess loopholes allowing breaches to escape attention and rectification.In 2015, media and political attention fell on the working conditions of temporary migrants in horticulture. Government inquiries found evidence of exploitation, but were divided over solutions. Progressive politicians (influenced by unions) favoured stronger state enforcement powers and temporary work agency licensing. Conservative politicians (influenced by business lobbies) claimed these steps would fail, and favoured the status quo. Political reform therefore stalled.This study illustrates the importance of political processes in shaping the nexus between state regulation and private governance. In this case, a political stalemate leaves both regulation and governance deficient. Lacking protection from either source, harvest workers remain exposed to exploitative employment conditions.

Caught Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Mental Health of Migrant Live-in Caregivers in Canada - Vahabi, Mandana; Wong, Josephine Pui-Hing (BMC Public Health, 2017)
Canada depends on Temporary Foreign Workers (TFWs), also known as migrant workers, to fill labour shortage in agriculture, hospitality, construction, child/senior care, and other low-skilled occupations. Evidence shows that TFWs, especially women live-in caregivers (LC), constitute a vulnerable population. Their health is compromised by the precarious and harsh working and living conditions they encounter. There is a paucity of research on the mental health of LCs, their support systems and access to mental health services.

Aftermath of the SCC's Potter Decision: The Interaction between Constructive Dismissal and Mitigation of Damages Still Requires Attention - VanBuskirk, Kelly (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2017)
This paper explores ongoing tensions in the Canadian common law of employment between two key principles: the obligation of a constructively dis- missed employee in some circumstances to remain in the employment where it is reasonable to do so in order to mitigate damages, and the possibility that the employee's decision to advance a legal claim alleging constructive dismissal may, in and of itself be treated as a repudiation of the contract so as to disentitle the employee from damages. As explained by the author, this tension reflects the competing influences on employment law of different theories of contract - the classical, the neoclassical, and the relational - and is further complicated by the friction in the case law between the "elective" and the "automatic" theories of contract termination in employment, i.e. can the agreement be terminated only on the election of the innocent party or does any repudiatory breach auto- matically result in the agreement's termination? As a practical matter, these unresolved conflicts make it difficult to predict the outcome of a particular case, and force employees and their legal counsel to make an unnecessarily convo- luted series of decisions in attempting to determine the appropriate course of action. The author argues that many of these issues would be greatly simplified if the courts embraced relational contract law theory in the constructive dis- missal context. This would enable employees to "stand and sue," that is, obtain a determination of a claim without having to resign and without risking loss of the employment in the event that the claim was ultimately unsuccessful.

Proletarian Cromwell: Two Found Poems Offer Insights into One of Canada's Long-Forgotten Communist Labour Leaders - Verzuh, Ron (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
Introduction and annotated text of two poems written in 1932 by "Red Malcolm" Bruce that lampoon the Canadian Communist labour leader, Harvey Murphy. Both were in prison at the time serving five-year sentences for sedition under section 98 of the Canadian Criminal Code, which banned "unlawful associations" such as the Communist Party of Canada. Includes brief biographies of Murphy and Bruce.

Divided Loyalties: A Study of a Communist-Led Trade Union’s Struggle For Survival in Trail, British Columbia, 1943-1955 - Verzuh, Ronald William (Simon Fraser University, 2017)
[E]xamines a Communist union’s struggle to survive in the post-Second World War environment of anti-Communism and anti-trade unionism that marked one of the most violent periods in the history of the Canadian labour movement. In 1943, Local 480 of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers in Trail, British Columbia, was nearing the end of a six-year battle for certification as the legal bargaining agent for about 4,000 smelter workers. After it achieved that goal the following year and for the next decade, it faced new battles with the employer, the powerful Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada (CM&S) with its paternalistic president S.G. Blaylock. The local also faced an array of other opponents: a workforce suspicious of a Red-tainted union with a radical past, a company union that had been established by Blaylock after the First World War, a company-loyal newspaper, and a divided community situated in the rural West Kootenay district near the Canada- United States border. Among the local’s most vigorous adversaries were the local churches, the federal government with its secret service police, and the Canadian Congress of Labour (CCL). By the 1950s, it had been purged from the CCL, shunned by the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), and victimized by cold warriors bent on its destruction. To survive it needed to win the support of a substantially immigrant workforce with a strong alternative culture to the dominant Anglo-Saxon one. It had to address the concerns of the hundreds, perhaps thousands, of women war workers who had been hired at lower wages to replace enlisted men. And it fell into the middle of an ideological clash between the region’s two dominant left-wing political parties. Its greatest strength and potential weakness was an unabashed Stalinist named Harvey Murphy. He had been a fugitive from justice and was incarcerated in a war-time internment camp as a threat to national security, but he became an influential leader of the provincial labour movement and an outspoken advocate of workers’ rights who was hated by some and respected by others. “Divided Loyalties” begins with a victory, but Local 480’s survival for the duration of the twelve-year period of this study was far from assured.

The Compliance Model of Employment Standards Enforcement: An Evidence-Based Assessment of Its Efficacy in Instances of Wage Theft - Vosko, Leah F.; Grundy, John; Tucker, Eric; Thomas, Mark P.; Noack, Andrea M.; Casey, Rebecca; Gellatly, Mary; Mussell, Jennifer (Industrial Relations Journal, 2017)
This article critically assesses the compliance model of employment standards enforcement through a study of monetary employment standards violations in Ontario, Canada. The findings suggest that, in contexts where changes to the organisation of work deepen insecurity for employees, models of enforcement that emphasise compliance over deterrence are unlikely to effectively prevent or remedy employment standards violations.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/irj.12178?msockid=3ba9c3529a3d616023e8d72c9b1760c8

L’activité en théories. Regards croisés sur le travail - Vultur, Mircea (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Thiis article reviews the book, "L’activité en théories. Regards croisés sur le travail,," edited by Marie-Anne Dujarier, Corinne Gaudart, Anne Gillet and Pierre Lénel.

"Something to Just Hold On To": Occasional Teaching and Collaborative Inquiry in Precarious Times - Walkland, Tyler Andrew (University of Toronto, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 2017)
This thesis is the product of a collaborative inquiry involving six occasional teachers, myself included, who came together over five months to share our experiences of navigating a teacher labour market ruled by teacher surplus, job shortages, and increasing employment precarity. Together we took an inquiry stance on occasional teaching (Cochran-Smith Lytle, 2009) and explored the consequences of precarious teacher employment for teaching, learning, working, and living. Here I document the myriad ways precariousness shapes not only our career trajectories but also our everyday experiences of practice, our professional identities as educators, and our engagement in political action and institutional change efforts. I also offer specific processes and interventions that mitigate the risks of long-term employment precarity for teaching and learning. Throughout, I rely on my participantsâ words as well as my own to tell a story about our work, what it means to us, and why it matters.

Canada's Foreign Enlistment Act and the Spanish Civil War - Wentzell, Tyler (Labour / Le Travail, 2017)
Canada was officially neutral in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939); yet nearly 1700 Canadians fought for the Spanish Republic. The Communist Party of Canada (cpc) recruited the bulk of the volunteers. While many in the Canadian left supported the Republican cause, others were alarmed by the involvement of communists in the Republican government and the cpc's role in the recruiting. This tension seemed particularly pronounced between English and French Canada. Québec Premier Maurice Duplessis called upon the federal government to bring the recruiting to an end and to eradicate communism in general. Prime Minister Mackenzie King and his Québec lieutenant and Minister of Justice, Ernest Lapointe, introduced a Canadian Foreign Enlistment Act in response. The statute targeted the cpc in its capacity as a recruiting apparatus (versus targeting the volunteers), and had the added benefit of "Canadianizing" and improving on the existing British statute. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police conducted investigations and warrants for arrest were issued, but the war in Spain was over before the arrests were made. Ultimately, no one was prosecuted under the Foreign Enlistment Act and its record in preventing recruiting is dubious.

Employer-Sponsored Temporary Labour Migration Schemes in Australia, Canada and Sweden: Enhancing Efficiency, Compromising Fairness? - Wright, Chris F.; Groutsis, Dimitria; van den Broek, Diane (Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2017)
For governments concerned with enhancing labour market efficiency, employer-sponsored temporary labour migration schemes have become increasingly popular. However, the equity implications of these arrangements, which constrain the mobility of migrant workers, have largely been ignored. This paper assesses the factors affecting the vulnerability of employer-sponsored migrant workers and addresses the question of whether these schemes comply with ethical principles relating to fair treatment. It draws upon migration ethics, political economy and socio-legal perspectives to evaluate visa schemes in Australia, Canada and Sweden. The paper argues that there is an ethically justifiable case for selectively restricting certain rights of migrant workers within clearly defined parameters. However, policies facilitating worker mobility, restricting sponsorship to higher-skilled occupations, promoting enforcement and worker representation, and providing accessible opportunities for permanent residency and citizenship help to ensure that employer-sponsored temporary labour migration schemes comply with ethical principles relating to the fair treatment of workers.

Quand le droit conforte les stratégies syndicales reproduisant les arrangements institutionnels sources de discrimination systémique - Yerochewski, Carole; Gagné, Diane (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
Cet article présente un cas de mobilisation contre les discriminations systémiques envers des travailleuses procurant des services d’assistance aux personnes (en anglais, care-workers), en grande majorité Noires et Haïtiennes, qui occupent des emplois aux normes dégradées dans des agences de placement fournissant du personnel pour un seul organisme parapublic. À l’intersection des mutations en cours dans la gestion de la main-d’oeuvre et de la réorganisation de la prise en charge des services d’assistance aux personnes, ce cas est représentatif de la façon dont se redessinent les frontières de la relation d’emploi. Les travailleuses mobilisées étant syndiquées, il permet aussi d’explorer un éventail d’attitudes syndicales. Une stratégie syndicale prédomine : elle consiste à défendre ou gérer la négociation collective institutionnalisée. Elle est encouragée par un ensemble d’institutions qui produisent des constructions contradictoires des enjeux d’égalité et du problème des discriminations. Si ces arrangements institutionnels ouvrent une brèche aux « innovations » patronales et confortent l’adoption de stratégies syndicales visant à préserver la relation bilatérale d’emploi, cet article soutient que cette stratégie est aussi symptomatique de la vision moniste avec laquelle les syndicats abordent l’effritement du modèle dominant de la relation d’emploi, en le réduisant aux conflits d’intérêts entre employeurs et travailleurs. Or, cet effritement est aussi le résultat des réorganisations mutuelles et réciproques des différentes formes sociales de division du travail entre classes, sexes et races. Mais en ne s’interrogeant pas sur ce qui a fondé le compromis de la société salariale, soit la minoration ou l’exclusion de groupes de populations de la norme d’emploi à temps plein et permanent, les syndicats accordent la priorité à des stratégies qui participent, comme l’illustre le cas choisi, si ce n’est à la création de normes discriminatoires, du moins, à la légitimation de frontières entre ceux qui ont accès à des emplois de qualité et les autres.

Judicial Review of Labour Relations Board and Labour Arbitration Decisions in the Post-Dunsmuir Period in Ontario - Yurchak, Luba (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2017)
In its groundbreaking decision in Dunsmuir, issued in 2008, the Supreme Court of Canada reduced the number of judicial review standards to two - correctness and reasonableness - and directed courts to afford a high degree of deference to administrative decisions dealing with findings of fact, matters of inextricably intertwined law and fact, and exercises of discretion. Nonetheless, since Dunsmuir, there has been growing concern that the courts' intervention in labour board and labour arbitration decisions has increased. This empirical study examines the frequency and outcomes of judicial review applications from decisions of the Ontario Labour Relations Board and Ontario labour arbitra- tors, and concludes that the courts' interference in those decisions has in fact increased in the post-Dunsmuir period as compared to the pre-Dunsmuir period. Based on a total of 249 judicial review decisions for the period from 2003 to 2013, the research results reveal that the number of OLRB decisions quashed on judicial review increased from 7% in the pre-Dunsmuir period to 21% in the post-Dunsmuir period, while the number of labour arbitration awards quashed on review increased from 18% to 30%. In the majority of those decisions, the courts conducted an intrusive analysis of the tribunal's reasoning, reconsidered the weight accorded to evidence, and made their own findings of fact. Furthermore, there is a high degree of inconsistency among courts in the selection of the stan- dard of review applicable to decisions involving an award of damages or the interpretation of "external" legislation or common law doctrines.

Caring for America: Home Health Workers in the Shadow of the Welfare State - Zeytinoglu, Isik (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2017)
This article reviews the book, "Caring for America: Home Health Workers in the Shadow of the Welfare State," by Eileen Boris and Jennifer Klein.

Evening the Keel: Measuring and Responding to Precarity in the Canadian Labour Economy - Zhang, Selena; Zuberi, Daniyal (Canadian Public Administration, 2017)
This article argues that misalignment between the realities of work in the new economy and the regulations is having negative health and social implications at all levels of Canadian society. Remedying this requires drastic reshaping of policy approaches, but current laws and employment norms presume the labour market is a static entity. Policymakers should focus on improving how labour market data is collected for producing evidence‐based recommendations, and on re‐evaluating neoclassical economic assumptions underpinning this outdated framework. We argue the expansion of precarious work is reshaping the Canadian economy and society, and provide recommendations for data, policy and administration to address this trend.

Beyond Bread and Butter - Phillis, Jen Hedler (Jacobin, 2016)
The University of Manitoba strike showed that worker power isn't all about money – it's also about collective self-governance.

Lack of Confidence in Police Creates a “Blue Ceiling” for Sex Workers' Safety - Benoit, Cecilia; Smith, Michaela; Jansson, Mikael; Magnus, Samantha; Ouellet, Nadia; Atchison, Chris; Casey, Lauren; Phillips, Rachel; Reimer, Bill; Reist, Dan; Shaver, Frances M. (Canadian Public Policy, 2016)
Confidence in the police is fundamental to citizens' willingness to report unlawful behaviour, share intelligence about crime, seek help when victimized, and generally comply with the law. Marginalized groups overwhelmingly report a lack of confidence that police will apply the law fairly. Although sex work research reports a wide range of negative experiences with the police, it is not known how common these experiences are because most research focuses solely on street-based sex workers and does not include quantitative measures. We report on confidence in the police through the analysis of relevant data gathered from in-person interviews with sex workers from six census metropolitan areas of Canada. Under the pre-2014 legal regime, our non-random sample of sex workers had lower confidence in police than estimated for other Canadians by the General Social Survey and were particularly unlikely to see police as treating sex workers fairly. Thematic analysis suggests this is primarily driven by stigma and discrimination. We also found a significant minority who reported the police to be a source of aid, suggesting that appropriate policy and program regimes could be developed to improve sex worker–police relations.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309817166_Lack_of_Confidence_in_Police_Creates_a_Blue_Ceiling_for_Sex_Workers'_Safety

Projecting the Impact of Population Aging on the Quebec Labour Market - Bissonnette, Luc; Boisclair, David; Laliberté-Auger, François; Marchand, Steeve; Michaud, Pierre-Carl; Vincent, Carole (Canadian Public Policy, 2016)
Quebecers are living longer than ever before as a result of better health as well as improved educational attainment and economic well-being. Using a dynamic microsimulation model, we show that an aging workforce will not necessarily mean a decline in Quebec employment levels in the coming years. Because future experienced workers will be more educated and more of them will remain in employment for longer, we project that annual growth rates in employment will stay positive, averaging between 0.2 and 0.3 percent over the next two decades. Between 2035 and 2050, employment could contribute nearly 0.3 percentage points to annual economic growth in Quebec.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309818811_Projecting_the_Impact_of_Population_Aging_on_the_Quebec_Labour_Market

Lives in Transition: Longitudinal Analysis from Historical Sources - Dillon, Lisa (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Lives in Transition: Longitudinal Analysis from Historical Sources," edited by Peter Baskerville and Kris Inwood.

New Forms of Worker Organization: The Syndicalist and Autonomist Restoration of Class-Struggle Unionism - Grueter, Mark (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "New Forms of Worker Organization: The Syndicalist and Autonomist Restoration of Class-Struggle Unionism," edited by Immanuel Ness.

Austerity Policies, ‘Precarity’ and the Nonprofit Workforce: A Comparative Study of UK and Canada - Cunningham, Ian; Baines, Donna; Shields, John; Lewchuk, Wayne (Journal of Industrial Relations, 2016)
Drawing on qualitative interview data from case studies in Scotland and Canada in the post 2008 era, this article explores the impact of austerity policies on the conditions and experience of employment in two nonprofit social service agencies and their shifting labour process. Despite differences in context, the article finds a similarity of experience of austerity-compelled precarity at several levels in the agency. This precarity increased management control and evoked little resistance from employees. These findings contribute to our understanding of austerity as articulated differently in different contexts, but experienced similarly at the front lines of care work.

Changing Immigrant Characteristics and Pre-Landing Canadian Earnings: Their Effect on Entry Earnings over the 1990s and 2000s - Hou, Feng; Picot, Garnett (Canadian Public Policy, 2016)
During the 1990s and 2000s, the characteristics of new immigrants to Canada changed significantly across several dimensions, including education, admission class, source region, and pre-landing Canadian work experience, owing at least partly to changes in immigration selection policies. This article examines whether these changes affected earnings trends among immigrants. Among all new immigrants and economic principal applicants, aside from cyclical fluctuations, entry earnings changed little over the 1990s and 2000s. This stability was the result of competing influences, some that tended to increase earnings and some that tended to reduce them. The key changes in immigrant characteristics that put upward pressure on entry earnings were the rising educational attainment in the 1990s and a large increase in the share of immigrants with high pre-landing Canadian earnings during the 2000s. The latter characteristic also accounted for the earnings advantage of provincial nominees over skilled worker immigrants. The policy implications of the results are discussed.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306523929_Changing_Immigrant_Characteristics_and_Pre-Landing_Canadian_Earnings_Their_Effect_on_Entry_Earnings_over_the_1990s_and_2000s

Assessing the Potential Impact of Labor Law Reforms on University Faculty: Findings from a Midsized Public University in Ontario - Butovsky, Jonah; Savage, Larry; Webber, Michelle (Labor Studies Journal, 2016)
This article presents the findings of a survey of unionized professors and professional librarians at a public university in Southern Ontario to examine their views on the prospect and desirability of “right-to-work” legislation and “paycheck protection” laws. The purpose of the study is twofold: first, to assess the level of opposition to such legislative initiatives among unionized faculty, and, second, to determine the extent to which the passage of such laws would undermine the dues base of the faculty union. Based on the findings of a mixed methods survey, we found that a strong majority of the university professors and professional librarians surveyed were opposed to “right-to-work” and “paycheck protection” laws and that their passage would not deter them from paying dues or authorizing expenditures for political action.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0160449X16647531

Lands and Resources for Jobs: How Aboriginal Peoples Strategically Use Environmental Assessments to Advance Community Employment Aims - McCreary, Tyler; Mills, Suzanne; St-Amand, Anne (Canadian Public Policy, 2016)
This paper examines whether environmental assessments (EAs) influence the ability of Aboriginal peoples to advance community employment aims in resource development projects. Environmental assessment and labour policy and practices have been conventionally understood as distinct processes. Our investigations demonstrate that EAs play a significant, if indirect, role in Aboriginal efforts to regulate resource sector work. While Aboriginal communities increasingly rely upon private negotiations with development proponents to secure resource sector employment, participation in EA processes provides Aboriginal peoples a space to negotiate language around employment commitments and leverage to secure Aboriginal employment provisions in impact benefit agreements with project proponents.

Raising the Minimum Wage: Misguided Policy, Unintended Consequences - Murphy, Robert P.; Lammam, Charles; MacIntyre, Hugh (Fraser Institute, 2016)
Proposals to increase the minimum wage have re-emerged in provinces across the country. For instance, the Alberta government recently pledged to hike the provincial minimum wage from $10.20 to $15 per hour by 2018, already taking the first step with a $1 hike effective October 1, 2015. There has been a similar movement to raise the minimum wage to $15 in various jurisdic- tions in the United States. Popular support for the minimum wage largely derives from the belief that it is a useful tool for boosting the wages of poor workers. However, the evidence paints a much different picture. For starters, the minimum wage does not effectively target workers in low-income households. In fact, 87.5% of Canadians earning minimum wage in 2012 lived in households above the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO), a widely used measure of relative poverty. Moreover, the vast majority of workers (83.4%) from households falling below the LICO threshold earned more than the minimum wage. These counterintuitive results follow from the demographic compos- ition of minimum wage earners. In 2014, 58.4% of those earning minimum wage were youths aged 15 to 24. Furthermore, 56.8% of all minimum wage earners were living with family, while 19.9% were married to a spouse who was also employed. Taken together, the data undercut the popular image of minimum wage earners being single breadwinners supporting a family. In fact, only 2.2% of those earning minimum wage were unmarried heads of household with at least one minor child. The tenuous link between minimum wage earners and poor house- holds makes the minimum wage a very crude method for targeting assistance to those who need it. At the same time, hiking the minimum wage can do considerable harm, most notably by decreasing employment opportunities among low-skilled workers—the very group the policy is designed to help. By making labour artificially more expensive, increasing the minimum wage may significantly reduce employment among teenagers and other groups of low-skilled workers. Besides reducing employment outright, hiking the min- imum wage could lead to a reduction in hours and other benefits (such as on-the-job training) for those workers who keep their jobs.

Beards and Bloomers: Flight Attendants, Grievances and Embodied Labour in the Canadian Airline Industry, 1960s–1980s - Sangster, Joan; Smith, Julia Maureen (Gender, Work & Organization, 2016)
This paper examines union grievances dealing with the body, appearance and demeanour fought by the Canadian Air Line Flight Attendants Association, on behalf of its female and male members over a 30-year period. Taking a historical, materialist-feminist approach, we examine how workers used the grievance system to resist regulations they believed contradicted their right to dignified labour. We ask how and why bodily regulation differed for men and women, and how this changed over time, as the union merged its male and female job occupations. Using arbitrated grievances, union records and discussion of these issues in the mass media, we show how both feminism and service union activism encouraged flight attendant resistance to airlines’ efforts to regulate the appropriate body and attire for male and female workers. The use of labour law offered workers some respite from regulation, but did not facilitate fundamental questions about the power of management to ‘dress’ its workers.
Keywords: arbitration; flight attendant unions; gendered work; grievances; labour law

Labour Market Participation of Immigrant and Canadian-born Wives, 2006 to 2014 - Government of Canada, Statistics Canada; Galarneau, Diane; Morissette, René (2016)
This Economic Insights article documents differences in labour market participation observed between immigrant wives and Canadian-born wives over the 2006-to-2014 period. It also assesses the degree to which the lower participation of immigrant wives, as compared with their Canadian-born counterparts, can be accounted for by differences in socioeconomic characteristics, such as family size, weekly wages of husbands, and labour force participation in the source country. The study uses the Labour Force Survey and World Bank indicators on source-country characteristics to examine these issues. Attention is restricted to Canadian-born women and landed immigrant women aged 25 to 54 who are married (or living in common-law relationships) with husbands aged 25 to 54 who are employed as paid workers. For simplicity, the terms ‘husbands’ and ‘wives’ are used to refer to men and women who are married or in common-law relationships.

Queer Mobilizations: Social Movement Activism and Canadian Public Policy - Adam, Barry (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Queer Mobilizations: Social Movement Activism and Canadian Public Policy," edited by Manon Tremblay.

Le transfert des pratiques de flexibilisation de l’emploi dans une firme multinationale : le rôle charnière des acteurs locaux des filiales - Adanhounme, Armel (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
À contre-courant des approches fonctionnaliste, culturaliste et, dans une moindre mesure, constructiviste sur le transfert transnational des pratiques organisationnelles dans les firmes multinationales (MNC), qui insistent toutes sur le rôle primordial des gestionnaires supposés faire le pont entre la maison-mère et les filiales, cet article recourt aux processus de négociation sociale dudit transfert par les acteurs locaux plutôt intéressés par ce qu’ils y gagnent. Pour mieux comprendre les raisons de la réussite (ou de l’échec) du transfert des pratiques de flexibilisation qu’une MNC nord-américaine cherche à implanter dans sa filiale au Ghana et qu’elle a mises en pratique au Canada, l’article propose un modèle analytique de deux facteurs capables d’en influencer l’issue : les mécanismes de gouvernance locale et l’agence micropolitique.Le premier facteur souligne la finalité économique du transfert et traduit les arrangements institutionnels initiés par les gestionnaires des filiales, notamment avec l’exécutif syndical au Canada et la communauté locale au Ghana. Cette gouvernance locale produit une segmentation à l’intérieur du marché de travail au Canada (les permanents vs les temporaires) et à l’extérieur dans la communauté au Ghana (les travailleurs vs la communauté). Quant au second facteur, le rôle politique des acteurs, il reflète les enjeux locaux en termes de survie de l’usine, dans un cas, et de préservation des traditions socio-ethniques, dans l’autre. Ces acteurs locaux qui contrôlent la segmentation des pratiques de flexibilisation de l’emploi dans leur filiale respective jouent ainsi un rôle charnière dans le processus du transfert dont ils conditionnent la réussite.L’article conclut qu’il y a une négociation sociale nécessaire des pratiques organisationnelles que la maison-mère cherche à transférer aux filiales et que la réussite ou l’échec du transfert est fonction de la portée du consensus négocié avec les acteurs touchés par les enjeux, et pas seulement de la finalité économique recherchée par les politiques d’hybridation. // Title in English: The Transfer of Labour Flexibility Practices in a Multinational Firm: The Pivotal Role of Subsidiaries’ Local Actors. Contrary to the functionalist, culturalist and, to a lesser extent, constructivist approaches, which all focus on the managers’ key role in bridging the gap between the parent company and its subsidiaries, this article takes a different perspective on the transnational transfer of organizational practices in a multinational firm (MNC). It argues that local actors engage in social negotiation of the transfer based on what they might gain. The article offers an analytical model of two factors that impact the transfer outcome. This allows us to better understand the reasons for the success (or failure) of the transfer of labour flexibility practices that a North-American MNC seeks to transfer to its Ghanaian subsidiary and which have already been implemented in its Canadian subsidiary. These factors are local governance mechanisms and micro-political agency.The first factor highlights the economic purpose of the transfer and reflects institutional arrangements initiated by the subsidiaries’ managers, notably with the union executive in Canada and the local community in Ghana. This local governance produces a segmentation inside the labour market in Canada (permanent vs temporary workers) and outside in the community in Ghana (workers vs the community). The second factor concerns the actor’s political role, focusing on local issues in terms of plant survival in the Canadian case and the preservation of socio-ethnic traditions in the Ghanaian case. These local actors, who control the segmentation of labour flexibility practices in their respective subsidiaries, play a pivotal role in the transfer process and its success.The article concludes that there is a required social negotiation of organizational practices a parent company seeks to transfer to its subsidiaries. The transfer success or failure depends on the scope of the negotiated agreement between actors affected by the issues and not just on the economic purpose that the MNC pursues through its hybridization policies.

Analyse des processus menant à des changements dans une entreprise du secteur aéronautique : vers un modèle d’évaluation des interventions ergonomiques - Albert, Valérie; Vézina, Nicole; Bilodeau, Henriette; Coutarel, Fabien (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
Bien que les changements organisationnels soient généralement considérés comme générateurs d’effets plus durables que les interventions individuelles, ils sont davantage difficiles à implanter. La littérature en changement organisationnel suggère que la participation d’acteurs-clés de différents niveaux hiérarchiques d’un milieu de travail peut contribuer à définir des changements qui seront mieux acceptés. L’ergonomie est une discipline pour laquelle la participation des divers acteurs en vue d’introduire des modifications dans une organisation du travail déficiente s’impose, depuis de nombreuses années, comme une nécessité méthodologique. Cependant, on constate un déficit de connaissances quant aux processus ou actions de l’ergonome qui mènent à l’implantation des changements. L’objectif de cette étude de cas réalisée dans une entreprise aéronautique est de décrire finement les actions de l’ergonome, en vue d’émettre des recommandations quant aux indicateurs à inclure dans un modèle d’évaluation des processus de l’intervention ergonomique. Comme résultat, une analyse quantitative des processus a permis d’illustrer les modifications dans les stratégies de l’ergonome aux différentes étapes de l’intervention et en fonction de certains éléments-clés du contexte. Au plan qualitatif, cette étude montre à quel point les étapes préalables à l’implantation des changements sont cruciales afin de favoriser l’adhésion collective des acteurs-clés au plan d’action sur les changements à implanter. Cette étude constitue une contribution à la problématique scientifique émergente de l’évaluation des interventions complexes, plus particulièrement celle de l’élaboration d’un modèle d’évaluation des interventions ergonomiques. Les résultats confirment, notamment, l’intérêt d’effectuer des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives des processus ainsi que l’importance de documenter les éléments-clés du contexte ayant influencé ces mêmes processus et leurs effets. Ce tant du point de vue de l’intervenant que de celui des acteurs-clés. Il est fort probable que ces constats puissent, également, s’appliquer à d’autres types d’interventions organisationnelles. Et si l’on souhaite poursuivre cet axe de recherche, l’évaluation d’une série d’interventions ergonomiques permettrait de bonifier ces résultats. // Title in English: Analysis of Processes Leading to Changes in a Company Operating in the Aeronautical Sector: Towards an Evaluation Model for Ergonomic Interventions. Although organizational changes are generally considered as generating longer lasting effects than those generated by individual changes, they are more difficult to implement. The literature on organizational change suggests that the participation of key actors at different hierarchical levels within the workplace can help identify changes that will be more easily accepted. Ergonomics is a discipline in which the participation of various actors has, for many years, represented a methodological necessity in order to make required changes when work organization is poor. However, there is a lack of knowledge related to the processes or actions done by the ergonomist that lead to the implementation of changes. The objective of this case study, conducted in an aeronautical company, is to accurately describe the actions of the ergonomist and to make recommendations as to which indicators to include in a process evaluation model for ergonomic interventions. In terms of results, a quantitative analysis of processes reveals how an ergonomist’s strategy can change at different stages of the intervention, based on certain key contextual elements. Qualitatively, this study shows how the stages prior to implementing changes are crucial in fostering the collective engagement of key actors involved in the action plan describing the changes to be implemented. This study makes a scientific contribution that relates to the evaluation of complex interventions, particularly the development of an evaluation model for ergonomic interventions. The results confirm the interest of conducting quantitative and qualitative analyses of processes and the importance of documenting the key contextual elements that influenced the processes and effects. That, from both the perspective of the facilitator and key actors. These findings could also apply to other types of organizational interventions. To continue this line of research, the evaluation of a series of ergonomic interventions would allow to deepen these results.

Contingency and Satisfaction under Digital Capitalism - Anderson, Benjamin (Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication, 2016)
Explorations into today's labour context reveal a wide schism between those workers who live under conditions of precarity and contingency and those who seem to be living the dream - and not only in terms of wages. The standardized work day and Taylorized division of labour that characterized most of the industrial era has transitioned, at least in large part, into a regime of flexibility and insecurity that reconstitutes not only working but lifestyle conditions. This paper is intended as an initial conceptual investigation of a dual trend in the conditions of labour under digital capitalism: the rise of contractual contingency and insecurity and the introduction of fun and hipness into the office environment as a means of work intensification.
Number: 1
Keywords: precarity

The Poverty of Bureaucracy: New Left Theory and Practice in the Canadian Labour Movement during the 1960s and 1970s - Antaya, Sean (The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History, 2016)
This essay examines the New Left’s impact on the Canadian labour movement in the 1960s and 1970s. Specifically, it argues that in large industrial unions such as the UAW, New Left ideas that were popular amongst the rank and file were stifled by the more conservative labour bureaucrats. However, in public sector unions and unions unaffiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress, New Left ideas were often able to flourish, and these more radical unions were sometimes able to obtain substantial gains for their members throughout the 1970s while also fostering a broader sense of class consciousness in Canadian society – culminating most notably in the Common Front’s general strikes in Quebec. Furthermore, this essay suggests that New Left ideas were more popular in public sector and independent unions because these unions had a larger proportion of women in comparison to other unions, and women at this time had a greater incentive to embrace transformative ideologies than men.

“The Dignity of Every Human Being”: New Brunswick Artists and Canadian Culture between the Great Depression and the Cold War - Antoncic, Debra (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "'The Dignity of Every Human Being': New Brunswick Artists and Canadian Culture between the Great Depression and the Cold War," by Kirk Niergarth.

(R)évolution du management des ressources humaines. Des compétences aux capabilités - Arnoud, Justine; Krohmer, Cathy (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
This article reviews the book, "(R)évolution du management des ressources humaines. Des compétences aux capabilités," coordinated by Solveig Fernagu Oudet and Christian Batal.

Temporary Employment Agencies in Ontario: Experiences of South Asian Immigrant Women - Aujla, Navneet (York University, 2016)
Informed by the feminist political economy perspective (FPE), this study examines the experiences of recent South Asian immigrant women working through temporary employment agencies in Ontario, paying particular attention to how social factors such as gender, race and immigrant status shape these experiences. As FPE pays attention to the interconnection between family, state and market, the study examines how women experience precariousness at work, within the household, and trying to settle and integrate. Based on analysis of twelve qualitative interviews and observations as a participant-researcher, findings indicate that recent South Asian immigrant women are funneled into agency work due to a variety of structural barriers, and that the lack of rights associated with agency work leaves them particularly vulnerable to exploitation and poverty. As such, it is proposed that changes must address a lack of security and enforcement of employment standards, and barriers to employment for women and recent immigrants.

Insatisfaction des salariés et des clients en réaction à l’automatisation des caisses d’un hypermarché : de la prise de parole à la défection et à la négligence - Ba, Amadou; Alis, David (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
La grande distribution fait l’objet d’innovations technologiques fortes. Le développement des caisses libre-service (CLS) vise à réduire les dépenses de personnel et faciliter la gestion des effectifs en caisse, tout en répondant aux attentes de nombreux consommateurs autonomes et pressés. Nous analysons les réactions des clients et des salariés à l’automatisation des caisses dans un hypermarché à l’aide du modèle « Défection, Prise de parole, Loyauté, Négligence » connu sous l’acronyme anglo-saxon EVLN (Exit, Voice, Loyalty, Neglect) initié par les travaux fondateurs de Hirschmann, en utilisant également le modèle d’acceptation de la technologie développé par Venkatesh et Davis. Nous nous appuyons sur une étude de cas unique portant sur l’un des hypermarchés français les plus avancés en matière d’automatisation des caisses. La méthodologie qualitative repose sur une observation participante d’une durée de trois ans, sur 29 entretiens semi-directifs avec les salariés et sur une analyse du contenu de 184 réclamations émises par la clientèle.La recherche permet de mettre en évidence les manifestations concrètes de la prise de parole, de la défection et de la négligence. Les réticences vis-à-vis de l’automatisation exprimées à la fois par la clientèle et le personnel sont ainsi expliquées à l’aide du modèle d’acceptation de la technologie. L’intérêt de comparer les perceptions de salariés et de clients est mis en évidence. Les sources d’insatisfaction vis-à-vis de l’automatisation ne sont pas identiques, ce qui nécessite des analyses croisées des convergences et divergences de perceptions. L’analyse des mécanismes de co-production du service et du transfert de rôle de l’organisation vers les clients dans la distribution apparait ainsi riche, avec de nouvelles formes d’intensification du travail des caissiers. Dans ce contexte de changement technologique, l’importance des mécanismes d’écoute des salariés et des clients est soulignée. La recherche contribue ainsi au renouveau des études sur l’importance de la prise de parole en relations industrielles dans une économie de plus en plus tertiaire, caractérisée par une forte évolution technologique. // Title in English: Employee and customer dissatisfaction in response to the automation of hypermarket checkouts: from voice to defection and negligence. Supermarkets have undergone significant technological innovations in recent years. The development of the self-service checkout (SSC) is aimed at reducing personnel costs and facilitating the management of staff at the checkout, whilst, at the same time, responding to the expectations of busy customers who wish to be more autonomous. We analyze the reactions of customers and employees to the automation of hypermarket checkouts with the help of the EVLN (Exit, Voice, Loyalty, Neglect) model developed by Hirschmann in his seminal work. We also use the technology acceptance model developed by Venkatesh and Davis. We rely on a single case study that focuses on a French hypermarket that is one of the most advanced in terms of the automation of self-service checkouts. The qualitative methodology adopted in this study is based on participant observation that took place over a three-year period. 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees and we also carried out a content analysis of 184 customer complaints.The research allows us to consider the concrete expressions of voice, defection and negligence. The reticence expressed by both customers and employees relating to automation are explained using the technology acceptance model. Furthermore, we focus on the differences between the perceptions of staff and customers. The sources of dissatisfaction with regards to automation are not all the same and hence we perform a cross-analysis of the similarities and differences relating to those perceptions. The analysis of the co-production mechanisms of the service and the transfer of an organizational role to the customer is very rich. We also observe new forms of work intensification for cashiers. In this context of technological change, we emphasize the importance of mechanisms for listening to employees and customers. This research contributes to the revival of studies on the importance of voice in industrial relations in an economy that is increasingly service-oriented and characterized by a strong technological evolution.

Cobalt: Canada's Forgotten Silver Boom Town - Baldwin, Douglas O. (Indigo Press, 2016)
Cobalt's rich history is full of the romance of prospecting, stories of immense wealth, deaths and mining accidents, struggles to obtain pure drinking water and fire protection, labour-management turmoil, legal conflicts between the town and the mining companies, the founding of the Ontario Provincial Police, and the struggles to provide religion, education, and leisure activities in a mining boom town. Its story is one of immense capital accumulation, labour strife, technological progress, new government policies and ventures, regional growth, and the struggle for law and order. The discovery of the fabulously rich silver mines led to the emergence of northeastern Ontario and helped Toronto to assert its financial dominance. –From Introduction
OCLC: 923568514
Keywords: Argent Mines et extraction Ontario Cobalt Histoire; Cobalt (Ont.) Histoire; Cobalt (Ont.) History; History; Ontario Cobalt; Silver mines and mining; Silver mines and mining Ontario Cobalt History

Migration Management, Disciplinary Power, and Performances of Subjectivity: Agricultural Migrant Workers’ in Ontario - Basok, Tanya; Belanger, Daniele (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2016)
Agricultural migrant workers, recruited to work in Canada under the Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP), are disciplined to be compliant and productive. Based on ethnographic data, we draw attention to several ways in which Spanish-speaking migrants, employed in agriculture in a rural community in Southwestern Ontario, respond to this disciplinary power. Most migrants discipline themselves and others to be productive and compliant workers. We refer to these acts as “performances of self-discipline.” At other times, some (albeit, few) migrants challenge this disciplinary power either individually or collectively. We refer to these performances of subjectivity as “performances of defiance.” Another way migrants may respond to the disciplinary power is by attempting to escape from it. Coining these performances “performances of escape,” we discuss how some agricultural migrant workers drop out of the program and remain in Canada without authorization. By turning attention to these performances of subjectivity, the article fills a gap in the literature on migration management and its disciplinary practices in Canada.
Keywords: Latin American migration

Emploi, formation, compétences : les régulations de la relation salariale en questions - Bédard, Jean-Luc (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Emploi, formation, compétences : les régulations de la relation salariale en questions,," edited by Elodie Béthoux, Jean-Vincent Koster, Sylvie Monchatre, Frédéric Rey, Michèle Tallard and Catherine Vincent.

La Babylone des marins : Marins hauturiers à Montréal 1851-1896 - Bélisle-Desmeules, David (Université de Montréal, 2016)
Le port de Montréal connaît un essor considérable dans la seconde moitié du 19e siècle. Des travaux de dragages en font une destination importante pour les navires transatlantiques qui visitent le port durant la saison de navigation. Ainsi, de mai à novembre, un grand nombre de marins qui œuvraient sur ces navires faisaient escale en ville. Cet essai s’intéressera à ces marins hauturiers de la marine marchande, qui représentent durant leur passage dans la métropole un groupe distinct tenu aux bords de la société coloniale montréalaise, durant leur passage dans la métropole. Les marins, physiquement présents au cœur même de la cité, sont pourtant considérés comme des êtres périphériques, attirant l’attention de la presse et de l’opinion surtout lorsqu’ils transgressaient les normes sociales. Nous décrirons une partie de leur activité à terre à partir de trois lieux du front portuaire que sont les bassins du port, témoins de noyades et de sauvetages, les quais adjacents, où le vol de marchandises est monnaie courante, et finalement la taverne du bord de l’eau, où les marins vont boire. Leurs comportements liminaux comme la consommation abusive d’alcool et la bagarre ainsi que leur proximité avec les classes laborieuses indigènes, font d’eux des suspects facilement amalgamés aux « classes dangereuses ». Les marins posent un défi à la bonne marche du commerce maritime. Ils forment un groupe hautement surveillé par les autorités. Une force spéciale, la Montreal Water Police, est d’ailleurs mise sur pied à cet effet le temps de la saison de navigation. En effet, les conflits que les matelots entretenaient avec leur capitaine, qui se soldaient parfois par des désertions ou des procès minaient la bonne marche des affaires. Cependant, les autorités tentèrent tout au long de la période de policer le marché de l’emploi maritime, volatil et violent, géré par un groupe d’embaucheurs (crimps), intermédiaires interlopes dont les marins sont à la fois les bénéficiaires et les victimes. Finalement, on avancera que, durant la seconde moitié du 19e siècle, la présence des marins a fait du front portuaire de Montréal un lieu qui s’apparente à un sailortown, espace à la fois physique et symbolique où s’exprime la culture maritime à terre.

Rise of a Working Class - Belshaw, John Douglas (Canadian History: Post-Confederation, 2016)
The Canadian working class was emerging well before 1867. By Confederation one could say for the first time that the growth of the working class was now unstoppable. The creation of the Dominion of Canada took place precisely at that moment when widespread industrialization was visibly underway. In 1851, fewer than a quarter of Hamilton, Ontario’s workers laboured in workshops of ten or more employees; by 1871 the share was more than 80%.[1] In less than two decades, Hamilton had been transformed from a market town dominated by commerce into a powerful symbol of heavy industry. Significant and startling though this change was at the time, it was dwarfed by developments in the 1890s. In that decade, Canadian economic growth simultaneously intensified in the older cities and found new fields in which to flourish in the West. The population of Canada in 1901 was 5,371,315; ten years later it was 7,206,643 – an increase of 34%. At the same time, however, the labour force grew from 1,899,000 in 1901 to 2,809,000 in 1911, a phenomenal 50% increase.[2] To put this into some perspective, there were only 3,463,000 people in the Dominion in 1867 — by 1911 there were close to that many working, wage-earning Canadians. The working class were motivated and shaped by different factors in the various regions of the country, although common themes were quick to arise. –Introduction
Book Title: Canadian History: Post-Confederation Publisher: BCcampus

La ville, quartier par quartier - Bérubé, Harold (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "Vivre en quartier populaire. Saint-Sauveur,1930–1980," by Dale Gilbert, and "Pointe-Saint-Charles. L’urbanisation d’un quartier ouvrier de Montréal, 1840–1930," by Gilles Lauzon.

Undocumented: How Immigration Became Illegal - Bhuyan, Rupaleem; Vargas, Adriana (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Undocumented: How Immigration Became Illegal," by Aviva Chomsky.

Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics and American Economics in the Progressive Era - Bishop, Wesley R. (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics and American Economics in the Progressive Era," by Thomas C. Leonard.

Perspectives multidimensionnelles sur les restructurations d’entreprise - Bolduc, François (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Perspectives multidimensionnelles sur les restructurations d’entreprise," edited by Patrice Jalette et Linda Rouleau.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Bad Girls: Young Women, Sex, and Rebellion before the Sixties - Boulay, Nadine (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Bad Girls: Young Women, Sex, and Rebellion before the Sixties," by Amanda H. Littauer.

Pratiques de conciliation travail-famille et détresse psychologique des salariés québécois : une comparaison selon le genre - Boulet, Maude; Le Bourdais, Céline (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
Dans le contexte où les couples à deux carrières constituent maintenant la norme, l'enjeu de la conciliation travail-famille devient incontournable. Cette nouvelle réalité souligne la nécessité d'examiner les effets des pratiques de conciliation travail-famille mises en place dans les organisations québécoises sur le bien-être des travailleurs. Une comparaison selon le genre s'avère également pertinente, vu la persistance des rapports sociaux de sexe et de la division sexuelle du travail. Encore aujourd'hui, les femmes allouent davantage de temps aux soins des enfants et aux tâches domestiques que les hommes, tandis que ces derniers s'investissent plus dans leur carrière. La présente étude réalisée à partir des données de l'Enquête québécoise sur des conditions de travail, d'emploi et de santé et de sécurité du travail (EQCOTESST) s'inspire du modèle théorique des demandes et des ressources de l'emploi de Bakker et Demerouti. Globalement, l'analyse montre que les pratiques de conciliation, en particulier celles liées à la maternité et à la gestion flexible du temps de travail, réduisent la détresse psychologique des femmes. Une fois contrôlé l'effet des variables sociodémographiques, des conditions de travail, des responsabilités familiales et de l'environnement organisationnel, le fait d'avoir accès à un nombre élevé de pratiques de conciliation (soit sept ou plus sur dix) atténue la probabilité des femmes d'avoir un niveau élevé de détresse psychologique, mais non celle des hommes. À l'inverse, le temps passé à faire des tâches domestiques ou à assumer les responsabilités familiales accroît la probabilité des hommes d'avoir un niveau élevé de détresse psychologique, alors que ce n'est pas le cas chez les femmes. // Title in English: Work-Family Balance Practices and Psychological Distress Among Employees in Quebec: A Gender Comparison. In a context where dual-career couples are now the norm, the issue of balancing work and family cannot be ignored and it underlines the relevance of examining the effect of existing work-family practices in Quebec organizations on workers' wellbeing. A comparison by gender is also relevant, given the social relations of gender and the sexual division of labour. Nowadays, women still allocate more time to childcare and housework than men, while the latter are more engaged in career work. Using data from the Québec Survey on Working Conditions, Employment and Health and Safety at Work (EQCOTESST), the present study is based on Bakker and Demerouti's theoretical Job demands and resources (JD-R) model. Overall, the analysis indicates that work-family practices, especially those related to maternity and flexible management of working hours, reduce the psychological distress of women. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, working conditions, family responsibilities and organizational environment characteristics, having access to a large number of work-family practices (seven or more out of ten) decreases the probability of women experiencing a high level of psychological distress, but not that of men. Conversely, time spent doing housework or assuming family responsibilities increases the likelihood of men having high levels of psychological distress, whereas this is not the case for women.

La diffusion de l’instrumentation de la gestion des compétences en Amérique du Nord depuis David C. McClelland - Bouteiller, Dominique; Gilbert, Patrick (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
Cet article s’intéresse aux prédicteurs de laperformance utilisés dans les organisations pour gérerleurs ressources humaines. Il amorce la réflexion à cetteétape charnière que fut la publication, en 1973, del’article de David McClelland préconisant l’usage ducritère de la compétence plutôt que celui del’intelligence dans les processus de sélection.L’article tente de tracer le devenir de ce nouveauprédicteur jusqu’à nos jours et d’explorer dequelle façon la théorie des compétencess’est traduite en modèles appliqués dans le mondeprofessionnel. Basé sur une analyse de la littératurenord-américaine, ainsi que sur des études de cas enentreprise (n=150), l’article montre le passage progressifd’une approche « inductive »,inspirée de la démarche scientifique et basée surdes analyses approfondies du travail et descompétences-clés, à une démarche« déductive » basée surl’usage de dictionnaires de compétences,déjà formatés et répondant aux exigences dela pratique. Si la façon d’y parvenir est trèsdifférente, l’objectif est le même : obtenir unréférentiel de compétences traduisant le mieuxpossible les exigences de l’emploi et permettant de reconfigurerplusieurs pratiques en gestion des ressources humaines, telles que lasélection, la formation ou la gestion des carrières. Dansles faits, bon nombre d’entreprises ont pris l’habituded’utiliser simultanément et encomplémentarité les deux approches dans une formehybride. Le recours aux dictionnaires permet de dégagerl’espace des possibles et d’identifier rapidement lescompétences les plus critiques dans un cadre participatifdestiné à faciliter l’appropriation de ladémarche. Le travail plus analytique sur certainescompétences, à l’aide des entrevues baséessur les comportements, facilitera la validation de certaines opinionsà priori. À travers ce parcours, les auteurs soulignentles enjeux qui accompagnent le passage d’une théorieà son application pratique. En conclusion, ils se demandent sile « pari » de McClelland a ététenu et soulèvent la question des prédicteurs àvenir, en signalant plus particulièrement le concept de talentqui tend actuellement à remplacer celui de compétence. // Title in English: The Dissemination of Competency-Based Management Tools in North America since David C. McClelland. Summary: This article focuses on the predictors of job performance used by organizations in managing their human resources. It begins, in particular, with an examination of the events following the 1973 publication of a seminal article by David McClelland in American Psychologist recommending that organizations test for competence rather than intelligence when selecting. The article follows the development of this new predictor up to the present day and explores how competency theory has translated into models that can be applied in the world of work. Based on an analysis of North American literature and firm-level case studies (N=150), the article shows how the theory, first applied through an “inductive” approach-based on a scientific method and in-depth analyses of a given job and the key competencies needed for effective job performance—gradually shifted to a “deductive” approach—based on the use of pre-formatted competency dictionaries, addressing practical concerns. While these two approaches are quite different, they share the same goal, namely, obtaining a list of key competencies (between 6 and 20) that reflect the requirements of the job as closely as possible and help to reshape human resource practices such as selection, training and career management. In practice, many firms began simultaneously using both approaches in a complementary fashion, thus implementing a hybrid approach. In this approach, the use of dictionaries provides a broad selection of possible choices which enable firms to quickly identify the most crucial competencies in a participatory atmosphere, thereby making it easier to appropriate the approach. If necessary, behavioral-event interviews can then be held to examine some competencies in a more analytical way in order to validate some choices or opinions put forward in the first step. Throughout the article, the authors highlight the challenges that have accompanied the transition from theory to practice. In conclusion, they raise questions about the predictors to come, in particular the concept of talent which is currently overtaking the concept of competency.

Tweeting Care: Educators’ Dissent through Social Media in the US and Canada - Brickner, Rachel K. (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
In the neoliberal era, where teachers’ unions have suffered from a public backlash and legislative moves that have restricted collective bargaining rights and labour protections for educators, individual educators are becoming more politically active outside their unions. Some teachers are using a “narrative of care” when engaging in political dissent and resistance to articulate the caring components of their work and push back against a public dialogue that has focused on poorly performing schools and the financial burden of public education to taxpayers. This study explores two Twitter campaigns – #EvaluateThat in the US and #ThisIsMyStrikePay in British Columbia – to analyze how narratives of care are articulated and how these articulations act as a form of political dissent and resistance. I argue, building on the work of Donna Baines, Stephen Ackroyd, and Paul Thompson, that educators’ participation in these Twitter campaigns represents a form of grassroots dissent, which allows them to articulate their multiple identities – as educators, workers engaged in caring labour, and unionists. Moreover, this informal form of resistance can generate a stronger sense of solidarity rooted in these identities, which can intersect with and encourage participation in formal labour resistance and political activism.

Women Challenging Unions: Feminism, Democracy, and Militancy - Briskin, Linda; McDermott, Patricia; Coulter, Rebecca; Baker, Patricia L.; Cuneo, Carl J.; Stinson, Jane; Richmond, Penni; White, Julie; Kumar, Pradeep; Fudge, Judy; Warskett, Rosemary; Messing, Karen; et al. (University of Toronto Press, 2016)
[This book] is a collection of original papers that presents a vision of an invigorated and vibrant labour movement, one that would actively seek the full participation of women and other traditionally excluded groups, and that would willingly incorporate a feminist agenda. This vision challenges union complicity in the gendered segmentation of the labour market; union support for traditionalist ideologies about women's work, breadwinners, and male-headed families; union resistance to broader-based bargaining; and the marginalization of women inside unions. All of the authors share a commitment to workplace militancy and a more democratic union movement, to women's resistance to the devaluation of their work, to their agency in the change-making process. The interconnected web of militancy, democracy, and feminism provides the grounds on which unions can address the challenges of equity and economic restructuring, and on which the re-visioning of the labour movement can take place. The first of the four sections includes case studies of union militancy that highlight the experiences of individual women in three areas of female-dominated work: nursing, banking, and retailing. The second and third sections focus on the two key arenas of struggle where unions and feminism meet: inside unions, where women activists and staff confront the sexism of unions, and in the labour market, where women challenge their employers and their own unions. The fourth section deconstructs the conceptual tools of the discipline of industrial relations and examines its contribution to the continued invisibility of gender. –Publisher's description
OCLC: 1011475719

Farm Workers in Western Canada: Injustices and Activism - Broadway, Michael J.; Bucklaschuk, Jill; Contractor, Delna; Dunlop, Darlene A.; Hambly, Brynna; Hamm, Zane; Kennett, Paul; Koshan, Jennifer; Lau, C. F. Andrew; Martinelli, J. Graham; McIntyre, Robin C.; Medeiros, Nelson; et al. (University of Alberta Press, 2016)
Bill 6, the government of Alberta’s contentious farm workers’ safety legislation, sparked public debate as no other legislation has done in recent years. The Enhanced Protection for Farm and Ranch Workers Act provides a right to work safely and a compensation system for those killed or injured at work, similar to other provinces. In nine essays, contributors to Farm Workers in Western Canada place this legislation in context. They look at the origins, work conditions, and precarious lives of farm workers in terms of larger historical forces such as colonialism, land rights, and racism. They also examine how the rights and privileges of farm workers, including seasonal and temporary foreign workers, conflict with those of their employers, and reveal the barriers many face by being excluded from most statutory employment laws, sometimes in violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. – Publisher's description
Book available at Internet Archive to people with print disabilities: https://archive.org/details/farmworkersinwes0000unse/mode/2up
Keywords: Agricultural laborers; Canada; Western; Canada; Western. Agricultural laborers; Legal status; laws; etc.; Legal status; laws; etc. Agricultural laborers; Social conditions. Agricultural laws and legislation

Education Deform and Social Justice Unionism - Brogan, Peter (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews and comments on several books, including "Worth Striking For: Why Education Policy is Every Teacher’s Concern (Lessons from Chicago)," by Isabel Nuñez, Gregory Michie, and Pamela Konkol, "How to Jump-Start Your Union: Lessons from the Chicago Teachers," by Alexandra Bradbury, Mark Brenner, Jenny Brown, Jane Slaughter, and Samantha Winslow, and "Strike for America: Chicago Teachers Against Austerity" by Micah Uetricht.

The Emancipatory Praxis of Ukrainian Canadians (1891–1919) and the Necessity of a Situated Critique - Brophy, Susan Dianne (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
In this essay, I focus on the first wave of [Ukrainian] immigrants who arrived from 1891 to the end of World War I and the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. My purpose is to understand the conditions that compelled these people to challenge exclusionary and exploitative practices, and expose the logic behind the dominant Canadian historical narrative that is so pregnant with the “pioneer myth." ...Four core contributions stem from my application of a situated critique: first, a rediscovery of the emancipatory praxis of Ukrainian Canadians from the era in question; second, a link between the particularities of their struggle to both coeval and current struggles; third, an analytical framework that exposes the reactionary tendencies in select writings about Ukrainian Canadians, and; fourth, an analytical framework that can be adapted to apply to the study of other groups and historical eras. –From author's introduction

Within and Without the Nation: Canadian History as Transnational History - Brushett, Kevin (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Within and Without the Nation: Canadian History as Transnational History," edited by Karen Dubinsky, Adele Perry, and Henry Yu.

The Invisibilization and Denial of Work in Argentinian Garment Homework - Burchielli, Rosaria; Delaney, Annie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
Homeworkers are a globally significant part of the informal workforce, commonly regarded as invisible because their work is not recognized (Burchielli et al., 2008; Prugl, 1999). In this qualitative study, we examine homeworker invisibility in the case of Argentinian garment homework using the concepts of work invisibilization and work denial.The work invisibilization concept (Krinsky and Simonet, 2012), referring to devalorized work resulting from the neoliberal agenda, is used to understand recent global trends away from standard work arrangements/protections. Arising from the social relations of domination, invisibilized work is precarious, with irregular/ non-existent employment contracts and relationships. Invisibilization thus provides a valuable lens for analysing homework, which shares key characteristics with emerging forms of invisibilized employment. Homework however, has not transformed but has always been informal, characterized by inferior standards. To account for this, we articulate a concept of denial of work.Cohen's (2001) concept of denial describes broad dimensions, including different forms, strategies and levels of denial. Adapting these, we construct a framework to analyze the denial of Argentinian garment homework, enabling a detailed examination of the specific social actors and processes involved in casting homework as non-work.In considering the denial of homework in relation to invisibilization, we argue that these are related but distinct concepts. Used together, they help explain the low-power condition of two types of garment homeworkers in Argentina while also accounting for their differences: the mostly male, migrant workers employed in clandestine workshops (such as the Bolivians interviewed in our study), and the traditional, mostly female, Argentinian garment homeworkers.Our findings suggest that Bolivian immigrant homeworkers are partially visibilized due to NGO advocacy. However, as there are no improvements to their working conditions, they remained largely invisibilized through the effects of capitalism. By contrast, traditional women homeworkers have no representation and internalize their condition: their invisibilization is explained by the cumulative effects of capitalism and patriarchy. // Globalement, les travailleurs à domicile constituent une partie importante de la main-d'oeuvre informelle et ils sont communément considérés invisibles parce que leur travail n'est pas reconnu (Burchielli et al., 2008; Prugl, 1999). Dans cette étude qualitative, nous examinons l'invisibilité du travailleur à domicile dans l'industrie argentine du vêtement à domicile, en recourant aux concepts d'invisibilité et de déni du travail.Le concept d'invisibilité du travail (Krinsky et Simonet, 2012), lequel réfère à la dévalorisation du travail résultant de l'agenda néolibéral, est utilisé pour comprendre les tendances globales récentes d'éloignement des protections ou des contrats de travail « standard ». Découlant des relations sociales de domination, le travail invisible est précaire, avec des contrats de travail et des relations d'emploi nonexistants ou irréguliers. Le processus d'invisibilité procure alors une loupe intéressante pour analyser le travail à domicile, lequel partage certaines caractéristiques clés avec les formes émergentes de l'emploi invisible. L'emploi à domicile, toutefois, ne s'est pas transformé, mais a toujours été de nature informelle, caractérisé par des conditions de travail inférieures. Afin de rendre compte de ce phénomène, nous développons le concept de déni de l'emploi.Ce concept, emprunté à Cohen (2001), décrit de grandes dimensions, incluant diverses formes, stratégies et niveaux de déni. Adaptant cette réflexion théorique, nous avons construit un cadre d'analyse du déni de l'emploi à domicile dans l'industrie argentine du vêtement, permettant un examen en détail des acteurs sociaux et des processus spécifiques impliqués dans l'édification de ces emplois à domicile comme du non-travail.En considérant le déni de l'emploi à domicile en relation avec le concept d'invisibilité, nous soutenons qu'il s'agit là de deux concepts reliés, mais distincts. Pris ensemble, ils aident à expliquer les conditions de faible puissance de deux types d'emploi à domicile dans l'industrie du vêtement en Argentine, tout en rendant compte de leurs différences : d'abord, celui des travailleurs, principalement des hommes et immigrants, employés dans des ateliers clandestins (comme les Boliviens interviewés dans notre étude); et, ensuite, le secteur traditionnel de l'emploi à domicile argentin, composé principalement de femmes.Nos résultats suggèrent que les travailleurs à domicile immigrants boliviens sont partiellement rendus visibles grâce au travail de défense de leurs intérêts par des organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG). Toutefois, comme il n'y a pas d'améliorations de leurs conditions de travail, ils demeurent largement invisibles sous les effets du capitalisme. En revanche, les travailleuses à domicile traditionnelles ne sont pas représentées et, de ce fait, elles internalisent leurs conditions : leur invisibilité s'explique par les effets cumulatifs du capitalisme et du patriarcat.

Competition or Liberation? Implications of Labour Automation in the Context of Cognitive Capitalism - Burgess, Russell (Carleton University, 2016)
Technologies in the first half of 21st century are developing new abilities to perform autonomously and compete with humans directly in more and more tasks, opening up the future possibility of increasing labour substitution. Using the theory of Cognitive Capitalism to examine advanced economies as the most recent form of capitalism shows that in the modern economy work is increasingly central to the lives of individuals due to new cognitive labour which requires more worker engagement than industrial labour. This requirement has strengthened the direct coercive mechanisms of the increasingly precarious wage relationship and weakened alternate income sources. This dissertation argues that automation in this context could be harmful to individuals required to depend on work to survive and evaluates three policy options against the goal of freeing individuals from this institutional constraint to work so that they can continue to fully and freely participate in society if widespread automation occurs.

Worker Movement as a Union Issue: An Examination of Collective Bargaining Agreements in the Construction Sector in Alberta, Canada - Cake, Susan (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2016)
The fluctuating expansion of oil sands development in northern Alberta, Canada has led to employers hiring a large number of mobile workers. The working conditions for some of these mobile workers are modulated in part by unions through their role in negotiating of collective bargaining agreements. Using a social reproductive framework, this study has two main findings: through collective agreements mobile workers are treated as a distinct category of worker, and there is a simultaneous expansion of workplace rules and regulations alongside a divide of the workplace from the home. The resulting expansion of the union regulated space in contrast to the divide of workplace from the home challenges union revitalization efforts, while also reaffirming traditional gendered experiences of mobility.
Keywords: Canadian Labour movement

Invisible Worker(s), Invisible Hazards: An Examination of Psychological and Physical Safety Amongst Frontline Workers in Long-term Residential Care Facilities in the 'New' Global Economy - Campbell, Andrea Lynn (York University, 2016)
Research has consistently demonstrated that the long-term residential care (LTRC) frontline workforce encounters a range of serious health and safety hazards and risks that result in physical and psychological injury, illness, absenteeism, and related costs. Using the lens of feminist political economy, this dissertation explores the risks workers encounter on the frontlines of LTRC, how these workplace risks are shaped by broader social, economic, political, and historical factors, as well as the ways frontline workers resist, challenge, or shape the conditions of their work in this setting. My analysis of primary data is informed by interviews with 17 frontline workers working within for-profit, non-profit, and municipal LTRC facilities within Ontario and 2 key informants. Restructuring and reform of health and social care services under neoliberalism have profoundly transformed the character, funding, organization, and delivery of LTRC. These changes have serious implications for workforce configurations, the conditions of work and care, workplace health and safety, worker control over their labour, and capacities for worker resistance to the conditions of their work. Within the LTRC organizational hierarchy, frontline workers are of marginal status. The frontline workforce is composed predominately of women and increasingly marginalized immigrants and racialized groups, whose care labour on the frontlines is often naturalized, undervalued, and treated as unskilled and safe. This research provides evidence that restructuring and work reorganization processes, policies, and practices constitute a form of structural violence, which contribute to, intensify, and/or give rise to new sources of struggle, inequity, risk, violence, alienation, and exploitation on the everyday/everynight frontlines of LTRC.

Rethinking Canada: The Promise of Women's History - Campbell, Lara; Myers, Tamara; Perry, Adele (Oxford University Press, 2016)
Now in its seventh edition, Rethinking Canada presents compelling essays on the fascinating lives, struggles, and contributions of women in Canadian history. Reflecting an interdisciplinary approach, this comprehensive and engaging resources stresses the diversity of women's history and demonstrates the analytical richness of ongoing research in the field. Featuring insightful chapter introductions that provide scholarly and historical context for each reading, [the book] helps students gain a more nuanced understanding of women's experiences across Canads's history. –Publisher's description
Keywords: Women – Canada – History – Textbooks

Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies - Carter, Sarah (University of Manitoba Press, 2016)
Sarah Carter's "Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies" examines the goals, aspirations, and challenges met by women who sought land of their own. Supporters of British women homesteaders argued they would contribute to the "spade-work" of the Empire through their imperial plots, replacing foreign settlers and relieving Britain of its surplus women. Yet far into the twentieth century there was persistent opposition to the idea that women could or should farm: British women were to be exemplars of an idealized white femininity, not toiling in the fields. In Canada, heated debates about women farmers touched on issues of ethnicity, race, gender, class, and nation. Despite legal and cultural obstacles and discrimination, British women did acquire land as homesteaders, farmers, ranchers, and speculators on the Canadian prairies. They participated in the project of dispossessing Indigenous people. Their complicity was, however, ambiguous and restricted because they were excluded from the power and privileges of their male counterparts. Imperial Plots depicts the female farmers and ranchers of the prairies, from the Indigenous women agriculturalists of the Plains, to the land army women of the First World War. –Publisher's description
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Plots OCLC: 948339711

Unfree Labour? Struggles of Migrant and Immigrant Workers in Canada - Choudry, Aziz; Smith, Adrian (PM Press, 2016)
Over the past decade, Canada has experienced considerable growth in labour migration. Moreover, temporary labour migration has replaced permanent immigration as the primary means by which people enter Canada. Utilizing the rhetoric of maintaining competitiveness, Canadian employers and the state have ushered in an era of neoliberal migration alongside an agenda of austerity flowing from capitalist crisis. Labour markets have been restructured to render labour more flexible and precarious, and in Canada as in other high-income capitalist labour markets, employers are relying on migrant and immigrant workers as "unfree labour." This book explores labour migration to Canada and how public policies of temporary and guest worker programs function in the global context of work and capitalist restructuring. Contributors are directly engaged with the issues emerging from the influx of temporary foreign workers and Canada's "creeping economic apartheid." –Publisher's description
https://openlibrary.org/books/OL28818494M/Unfree_Labour
Keywords: Canada; Foreign workers; Foreign workers Canada; Foreign workers Canada Social conditions; Foreign workers Government policy; Foreign workers Government policy Canada; Foreign workers Social conditions

Terrifying Muslims: Race and Labor in the South Asian Diaspora - Chowdhury, Amitava (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Terrifying Muslims: Race and Labor in the South Asian Diaspora," by Junaid Rana.

Leverage of the Weak: Labor and Environmental Movements in Taiwan and South Korea - Chun, Jennifer Jihye (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Leverage of the Weak: Labor and Environmental Movements in Taiwan and South Korea," by Hwa-Jen Liu.

Building the Golden Gate Bridge - Coodley, Lauren (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Building the Golden Gate Bridge," by Harvey Schwartz.

Comparing Quebec and Ontario: Political Economy and Public Policy at the Turn of the Millennium - Cooke, Murray (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Comparing Quebec and Ontario: Political Economy and Public Policy at the Turn of the Millennium," by Rodney Haddow.

Understanding Turnover as a Lifecycle Process: The Case of Young Nurses - Côté, Nancy (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
Based on the life course perspective and the sociology of individuation, this article aims to examine the temporal processes at work in the decision of nurses to leave their jobs and the role played by different life contexts in guiding this decision. Based on a qualitative approach that sought to develop an in-depth understanding of the reasons why so many young nurses want to leave their jobs, we present four job-leaving pathways that account for the social dimensions involved in the nurses' decision to leave their jobs. The findings reveal that the nurses' decision to leave their jobs represents a complex process that involved various dimensions of their lives, and was closely tied to their quest for self-fulfillment through work and in other spheres of their lives. // À partir de l'approche des parcours de vie et de la sociologie de l'individuation, cet article propose d'examiner les processus temporels à l'oeuvre dans la décision de quitter son emploi et le rôle des différents contextes de vie dans l'orientation de ce processus. Une étude qualitative a été menée auprès d'infirmières et d'infirmières auxiliaires afin de comprendre « de l'intérieur », c'est-à-dire à partir de la perspective des acteurs, les raisons motivant autant de jeunes infirmières à vouloir quitter leur emploi. L'approche théorique retenue insiste sur l'importance de considérer l'interaction entre les différents contextes de vie d'un individu, l'environnement social dans lequel il évolue et les choix professionnels qu'il fait. Des entrevues de type récit de vie ont été menées au cours desquelles les infirmières ont été questionnées sur l'ensemble de leur trajectoire professionnelle et les événements de leur vie professionnelle, personnelle et familiale, qui, de leur point de vue, ont contribué à la décision de quitter leur emploi. Au total, 26 infirmières de moins de 35 ans ont été rencontrées. L'analyse des données a permis de dégager une typologie des parcours de départ structurée autour de trois principales dimensions : 1- l'aspect temporel des départs (à court ou à long terme); 2- l'évolution de l'expérience subjective de travail; et 3- la phase de la vie professionnelle ou personnelle au moment de la prise de décision. Les résultats démontrent que la décision de quitter se présente comme un processus qui se construit dans un laps de temps plus ou moins long et qui implique différentes dimensions de la vie des infirmières. Ainsi, deux axes de tensions à la source des départs ont été identifiés : 1- les tensions engendrées par un écart entre les attentes de réalisation de soi au travail et la réalité d'emploi; et 2- les tensions provoquées par un emploi qui limite les possibilités de se réaliser dans les autres domaines de la vie.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Employee turnover; Labor Unions; Nurses; Sociology; Studies; Younger workers

Animals, Work, and the Promise of Interspecies Solidarity - Coulter, Kendra (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
In this thought-provoking and innovative book, Kendra Coulter examines the diversity of work done with, by, and for animals. Interweaving human-animal studies, labor theories and research, and feminist political economy, Coulter develops a unique analysis of the accomplishments, complexities, problems, and possibilities of multispecies and interspecies labor. She fosters a nuanced, multi-faceted approach to labor that takes human and animal well-being seriously and challenges readers to not only think deeply and differently about animals and work but to reflect on the potential for interspecies solidarity. The result is an engaging, expansive, and path-making text. –Publisher's description
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306124991_Animals_Work_and_the_Promise_of_Interspecies_Solidarity

Street-Level Advocates: Developmental Service Workers Confront Austerity in Ontario - Courtney, Joseph; Hickey, Robert (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
Based on focus group interviews of front line staff, this study explored the lived experiences of workers in the developmental services sector in Ontario. The workers were employed at non-profit organizations and provided a range of community and social services to people with developmental disabilities. The impact of government austerity exacerbated chronic problems facing workers in the sector. Common themes in the work experiences included an intensification of workloads, the degradation of services with the return of custodial care, more complex labour relations, and unique forms of solidarity that extended beyond traditional union models. The study demonstrates how workers strive to overcome the barriers to street-level advocacy.

Creative Management: Disciplining the Neoliberal Worker - Cruz, Trent (Western University, 2016)
This integrated article dissertation examines some of the new managerial practices that have emerged to handle cognitive capitalism’s ongoing need for creative, flexible labour power. The three articles included in this dissertation offer a glimpse into the widespread processes employed by management to regulate and discipline a workforce that must also be granted a degree of relative flexibility, creativity, and autonomy in order to be effective under post-Fordist conditions of production. The first chapter looks at the emergence of corporate improvisational training at the turn of the twenty-first century as an attempt to cultivate flexible and innovative workers, a move that ultimately succumbs to what Andre Spicer (2013) calls “organizational bullshit”—the deployment of cynical and self-serving discourse that functions to build confidence and legitimacy within workplaces where a clear sense of occupational purpose is lacking. Chapter two explores the recent trend of workplace mindfulness as a specific element of the now-prevalent 'wellness' discourses, which inevitably work to align workers' personal values with those of their employer. The final chapter involves an analysis of the working conditions of voice-over and motion capture actors in the video game industry and the processes of rationalization and neo-taylorization to which they are subjected.

Solitudes of the Workplace: Women in Universities - Cummins, Helene A. (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Solitudes of the Workplace: Women in Universities, edited by Elvi Whittaker.

Building Global Labor Solidarity in a Time of Accelerating Globalization - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
This article reviews the book, "Building Global Labor Solidarity in a Time of Accelerating Globalization," by Kim Scipes.

Sports and Labor in the United States - Dabscheck, Braham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Sports and Labor in the United States," by Michael Schiavone.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Prescriptive or Interpretive Regulation at the Frontlines of Care Work in the “Three Worlds” of Canada, Germany and Norway - Daly, Tamara; Struthers, Jim; Müller, Beatrice; Taylor, Deanne; Goldmann, Monika; Doupe, Malcolm; Jacobsen, Frode F. (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
This paper examines the tension between macro level regulation and the rule breaking and rule following that happens at the workplace level. Using a comparative study of Canada, Norway, and Germany, the paper documents how long-term residential care work is regulated and organized differently depending on country, regional, and organizational contexts. We ask where each jurisdiction’s staffing regulations fall on a prescription-interpretation continuum; we define prescription as a regulatory tendency to identify what to do and when and how to do it, and interpretation as a tendency to delineate what to do but not when and how to do it. In examining frontline care workers’ strategies for accomplishing everyday social, health, and dining care tasks we explore how a policy-level prescriptive or interpretive regulatory approach affects the potential for promising practices to emerge on the frontlines of care work. Overall, we note the following associations: prescriptive regulatory environments tend to be accompanied by a lower ratio of professional to non-professional staff, a higher concentration of for-profit providers, a lower ratio of staff to residents and a sharper division of labour. Interpretive regulatory environments tend to have higher numbers of professionals relative to non-professionals, more limited for-profit provision, a higher ratio of staff to residents, and a more relational division of labour that enables the work to be more fluid and responsive. The implication of a prescriptive environment, such as is found in Ontario, Canada, is that frontline care workers possess less autonomy to be creative in meeting residents’ needs, a tendency towards more task-oriented care and less job autonomy. The paper reveals that what matters is the type of regulation as well as the regulatory tendency towards controlling frontline care workers decision-making and decision-latitude.

Hired Hands: Labour and the Development of Prairie Agriculture, 1880-1930 - Danysk, Cecilia (University of Toronto Press, 2016)
Farm workers were central to the development of Canada's prairie West. From 1878, when the first shipment of prairie grain went to international markets, to 1929, when the Great Depression signalled the end of the wheat boom, the role of hired hands changed dramatically. Prior to World War One, hired hands viewed themselves and were treated in the rural community as equals to their farmer employers. Many were farmers in training, informal apprentices who worked for wages so they could accumulate the capital and experience needed to secure their own free 160-acre parcels of land. In later years, as free lands were taken, hired hands increasingly faced the hkehhood of remaining waged labourers on the farms of others. They became agricultural proletarians. In this first full-length study of labour in Canadian prairie agriculture during the period of settlement and expansion, Cecilia Danysk examines the changing work and the growing rural community of the West through the eyes of the workers themselves. World War One was a catalyst in bringing into focus the conflicting nature of labour-capital relations and the divergent aims of workers and their employers. Yet, attempts at union organization were unsuccessful because most hired hands worked alone and because governments assisted farmers by stifling such attempts. The workers' greatest form of workplace control was to walk off one job and find another. –Publisher's description. Previously published in 1995 by McClelland & Stewart. Contents: Introduction – Labour-Capital Relations in Prairie Agriculture – Part 1. Beginnings, 1870s-1900. Recruiting the Agricultural Labour Force. Part 2. Expansion, 1900-1918. Agricultural Labour as Apprenticeship – Class, Culture, and Community – The Nature of Work –Part 3. Consolidation, 1918-1930. Proletarianization – The Dialectic of Consent and Resistance – Conclusion – Appendix – Notes – Index.
Book available at Internet Archive to people with print disabilities: https://archive.org/details/hiredhandslabour0000dany OCLC: 1013941170

Alien Capital: Asian Racialization and the Logic of Settler Colonial Capitalism - Day, Iyko (Duke University Press, 2016)
In [this book] Iyko Day retheorizes the history and logic of settler colonialism by examining its intersection with capitalism and the racialization of Asian immigrants to Canada and the United States. Day explores how the historical alignment of Asian bodies and labor with capital's abstract and negative dimensions became one of settler colonialism's foundational and defining features. This alignment allowed white settlers to gloss over and expunge their complicity with capitalist exploitation from their collective memory. Day reveals this process through an analysis of a diverse body of Asian North American literature and visual culture, including depictions of Chinese railroad labor in the 1880s, filmic and literary responses to Japanese internment in the 1940s, and more recent examinations of the relations between free trade, national borders, and migrant labor. In highlighting these artists' reworking and exposing of the economic modalities of Asian racialized labor, Day pushes beyond existing approaches to settler colonialism as a Native/settler binary to formulate it as a dynamic triangulation of Native, settler, and alien populations and positionalities. –Publisher's description
OCLC: 910856272
Keywords: Amérique du Nord Relations raciales Aspect économique; Asians North America Public opinion; Asians Public opinion; Asians Race identity North America; Asiatiques Amérique du Nord Opinion publique; Asiatiques Identité ethnique Amérique du Nord; Capitalism Social aspects; Capitalism Social aspects North America History; History; North America; North America Race relations Economic aspects; Race relations Economic aspects; Stereotypes (Social psychology); Stereotypes (Social psychology) North America; Stéréotypes Amérique du Nord

The Rise of the 'Just-in-Time Workforce': On-Demand Work, Crowd Work and Labour Protection in the 'Gig-Economy' - De Stefano, Valerio (International Labor Office, 2016)
The so-called “gig-economy” has been growing exponentially in numbers and importance in recent years but its impact on labour rights has been largely overlooked. Forms of work in the “gig-economy” include “crowdwork”, and “work-on-demand via apps”, under which the demand and supply of working activities is matched online or via mobile apps. These forms of work can provide a good match of job opportunities and allow flexible working schedules. However, they can also pave the way to a severe commodification of work. This paper discusses the implications of this commodification and advocates the full recognition of activities in the gig-economy as “work”. It shows how the gig-economy is not a separate silo of the economy and that is part of broader phenomena such as casualization and informalisation of work and the spread of non-standard forms of employment. It then analyses the risks associated to these activities with regard to Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, as they are defined by the International Labour Organisation (ILO), and addresses the issue of misclassification of the employment status of workers in the gig economy. Current relevant trends are thus examined, such as the emergence of forms of self-organisation of workers. Finally, some policy proposals are critically analysed, such as the possibility of creating an intermediate category of worker between “employee” and “independent contractor” to classify work in the gig-economy, and other tentative proposals are put forward such extension of fundamental labour rights to all workers irrespective of employment status, and recognition of the role of social partners in this respect, whilst avoiding temptations of hastened deregulation.

Labour, Heritage, and the Politics of Difference: Working Class History Museums in the Changing City - DesRoches, Davina Marie (Queen's University, 2016)
As a contemporary communications medium, the museum has undergone significant reinvention and reorientation of purpose within the past several decades. While the late twentieth century saw the rise of a fundamental reimagining of the museum as a visitor-oriented space where questions of representation, ownership, and voice were of paramount concern, the early twenty-first century has seen a repositioning of museums as market actors with a role to play in the economic aspects of social life. This dissertation probes the growing disconnect between the rhetoric and practices enacted under the auspices of new museology and the ascendancy of corporatized values, interests, and operational forms in museum praxis. It is specifically concerned with working class history museums located in postindustrial urban environments, and seeks to explore and consider some of the inherent tensions in representing labour struggles and working class heritage in gentrifying, capitalist cities. The dissertation reveals that working class history museums face immense challenges in trying to reconcile being socially progressive and class-oriented while also maintaining relevance and success in gentrifying areas. It argues that these museums are embedded within political economic structures of power, and thus face considerable limitations in their efforts to act as meaningful sites of political or ideological contestation. Furthermore, by subscribing to the supposition that heritage resources can be used to spur gentrification and economic development, museums may unwittingly reinforce elite reimaginings of the urban environment. Three case studies are examined: the People’s Palace, a public museum in Glasgow, Scotland; New York City’s Lower East Side Tenement Museum; and finally, the Écomusée du Fier Monde, a small community museum located in the Centre-Sud neighbourhood of Montréal, Canada.

The Rise of the Chicago Police Department: Class and Conflict, 1850–1894 - DeStefanis, Anthony R. (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "The Rise of the Chicago Police Department: Class and Conflict, 1850–1894," by Sam Mitrani.

Culture organisationnelle, conditions de l’organisation du travail et épuisement professionnel - Dextras-Gauthier, Julie; Marchand, Alain (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser l’influence de la culture organisationnelle sur les problèmes d’épuisement professionnel dans la main-d’œuvre. Ceci est important pour explorer des pistes d’intervention qui vont au-delà des employés eux-mêmes et des conditions de travail ainsi qu’afin de mieux comprendre comment les éléments du contexte organisationnel peuvent influencer le développement de l’épuisement professionnel dans les organisations. En intégrant à la fois la culture organisationnelle et les conditions de l’organisation du travail, il est possible d’examiner comment la culture influence les différentes composantes des conditions de l’organisation du travail et comment celles-ci peuvent, ensuite, donner lieu au développement ou à l’aggravation des différentes dimensions de l’épuisement professionnel. Cette étude s’appuie sur le courant fonctionnaliste, selon lequel la culture existe dans l’organisation par ses manifestations et artefacts — qui expriment les valeurs et les croyances partagées —, et sur lesquels la haute direction peut avoir une emprise. Des analyses de régression multiples de type multi-niveaux ont été conduites à partir de données recueillies dans 60 établissements privés canadiens auprès de 1824 individus lors de l’étude SALVEO (2009-2012). Les résultats montrent que les cultures groupales, rationnelles et développementales s’associent aux différentes dimensions de l’épuisement professionnel. Ainsi, les cultures organisationnelles groupales et développementales, qui sont caractérisées par la flexibilité, s’associent indirectement à un niveau plus faible d’épuisement émotionnel et de cynisme et à un niveau plus élevé d’efficacité professionnelle. La culture rationnelle, qui est caractérisée par la performance, s’associe indirectement à un niveau plus élevé d’épuisement émotionnel et de cynisme. La culture hiérarchique, quant à elle, ne s’associe pas avec l’épuisement professionnel. Les résultats obtenus démontrent l’importance d’intégrer des variables reliées au contexte organisationnel dans les études portant sur l’épuisement professionnel.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Les agences de travail temporaire : leur rôle et leur fonctionnement comme intermédiaires du marché du travail / sous la direction de Mircea Vultur et Jean Bernier. - Dioh, Marie-Laure; Vultur, Mircea (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Only One Thing Can Save Us: Why America Needs a New Kind of Labor Movement - Dixon, Marc (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Only One Thing Can Save Us: Why America Needs a New Kind of Labor Movement," by Thomas Geoghegan.

Twenty-First-Century Workers’ Education in North America: The Defeat of the Left or a Revitalized Class Pedagogy? - Dolgon, Corey; Roth, Reuben (Labor Studies Journal, 2016)
The main response (Mantsios 2015) to neoliberalism and the marginalization of labor studies in higher education has been the call for a “new” labor college—one that integrates “workforce development” and liberal arts, yet separates worker education from its working-class roots. This article interrogates the state of worker education and the impact of neoliberalism on various civic engagement efforts at colleges and universities. The authors argue for a critical reevaluation of workers’ education and labor studies programs, calling for organized workers to retake control of such projects to avoid the deradicalization of class politics now ascendant in neoliberal institutions.

Empire of Cotton: A Global History - Drapeau, Thierry (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Empire of Cotton: A Global History," by Sven Beckert.

Reflexive Labour Law in the World Society - Dumas, P. (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
This article reviews the book, "Reflexive Labour Law in the World Society," by Ralf Rogowski.

Responsabilité sociale des entreprises: mirage ou réalité ? - Dupont, Claire (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
This article reviews the book, "Responsabilité sociale des entreprises: mirage ou réalité ?," by Mustapha Bettache.

Temps horloge et temps religieux : une sociologie historique des familles ouvrières à Québec à la fin du 19e siècle et au début du 20e - Durou, Guillaume (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
Au Canada, le 19e siècle constitue une période de transformations profondes. Parmi celles-ci etaient la transition au capitalisme qui simula l’économie coloniale et produisit une richesse nationale alors même que son mouvement engendra d’importantes inégalités sociales. Cette transition se loge au cœur de plusieurs questions qui occupent la sociologie historique sur les façons dont le capitalisme transforma les relations sociales en Occident et au Canada. Nombreuses de ces questions ont déjà été éclairées alors que d’autres demandent toujours à sortir de l’obscurité. Cet article a pour objectif de dresser un portrait des familles ouvrières et de leurs différentes stratégies de reproduction. À l’aide des données recueillies sur la population de la ville de Québec, nous souhaitons comparer différentes pratiques sociales en mettant l’accent sur les caractéristiques d’un nouveau régime temporel et mesurer son influence sur les ouvriers et ouvrières.

Transforming Provincial Politics: The Political Economy of Canada’s Provinces and Territories in the Neoliberal Era - Dyck, Rand (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Transforming Provincial Politics: The Political Economy of Canada’s Provinces and Territories in the Neoliberal Era," edited by Bryan M. Evans and Charles W. Smith.

Mental Health in the Workplace: Unions' Role in Identifying and Combating Psychosocial Hazards - Edelson, Miriam Karin (University of Toronto, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 2016)
The world of paid work has shifted extraordinarily in the last several decades. Globalization, technology, lean production, the intensification of work, mergers and reorganizations and precarious work have all meant a toughening of the conditions for workers. Unions organize in these conditions, confronting issues of concern to workers. Very little has been written about the role unions play in trying to protect the psychological health of their members. The major question of this thesis is whether unions are identifying and combating psychosocial hazards in the workplace. The thesis adds to knowledge on this subject by analyzing two data sets. First I conduct an analysis of grey literature on the Internet about psychological health and safety concerns. Second, I explore a series of questions with union health and safety experts representing every major Canadian union from each sector of the economy. The questions probe how unions are dealing with psychosocial risks in the workplace, how unions are organizing resistance and building solidarity. My inquiry also explores the issue of how unions deal with return-to-work for workers who have been absent for mental health reasons. I am not a neutral observer: I write from the standpoint of workers. My work has a practical utility to the degree that it can be directly applied to these real life problems facing health and safety practitioners. It attempts to theorize that which these union specialists should do. It also tries to anticipate some practical problems they may need to solve in future as a result of current health and safety practices. I observe real life phenomena and develop theory around them. One of these is that unions resist employer restraints and power and in so doing bump up against managementsâ right to control production and dictate work organization. In this thesis, I show the fledgling ways in which unions are challenging managementsâ typical rights in the interests of better working conditions. I give evidence of three promising practices that unions are adopting and propose that these may be adapted further for initiatives in other sectors. I argue that workersâ psychological health is one potential winner of these strategies. I also propose that union representatives be educated to deal more empathically with members that are absent for reasons of psychological ill health, in advocating for them when they return and by building solidarity among co-workers.
Accepted: 2017-03-27T23:00:16Z

Why Is There No Labor Party in the United States? Political Articulation and the Canadian Comparison, 1932 to 1948 - Eidlin, Barry (American Sociological Review, 2016)
Why is there no labor party in the United States? This question has had deep implications for U.S. politics and social policy. Existing explanations use “reflection” models of parties, whereby parties reflect preexisting cleavages or institutional arrangements. But a comparison with Canada, whose political terrain was supposedly more favorable to labor parties, challenges reflection models. Newly compiled electoral data show that underlying social structures and institutions did not affect labor party support as expected: support was similar in both countries prior to the 1930s, then diverged. To explain this, I propose a modified “articulation” model of parties, emphasizing parties’ role in assembling and naturalizing political coalitions within structural constraints. In both cases, ruling party responses to labor and agrarian unrest during the Great Depression determined which among a range of possible political alliances actually emerged. In the United States, FDR used the crisis to mobilize new constituencies. Rhetorical appeals to the “forgotten man” and policy reforms absorbed some farmer and labor groups into the New Deal coalition and divided and excluded others, undermining labor party support. In Canada, mainstream parties excluded farmer and labor constituencies, leaving room for the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) to organize them into a third-party coalition.
Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage CA: Los Angeles, CA

Ginger Goodwin: A Worker's Friend - Ellyn, Laura (Between the Lines, 2016)
With bright, strong imagery, Ginger Goodwin presents the story of labour activist and martyr Albert “Ginger” Goodwin. This accessible and thoughtful graphic history explores Goodwin’s life, work, and death in the mining communities of Cumberland and Trail, British Columbia. Drawing on local history, and exploring the ways the history of labour organizing affects contemporary movements, Ginger Goodwin is a story that needs to be shared. –Publisher's description
OCLC: 910986456

A Survey of the Living Wage Movement in Canada: Prospects and Challenges - Evans, Bryan M.; Fanelli, Carlo (Interface: A Journal for and About Social Movements, 2016)
The contemporary living wage movement emerged in the United States through the 1990s. It marked a particularly dramatic response at the local and regional level to the erosion in the quality of employment in the American labour market. In many respects it was and is today a rebellion of urban, racialized service sector workers. What is much less discussed are efforts to establish living wage policies in Canada. The Canadian living wage campaigns are much less movements than a strategy of rational policy advocacy. A variety of legal, political and ideological factors make this so. It is not a judgement but an observation meriting some greater interrogation.

Metis and the Medicine Line: Creating a Border and Dividing a People - Evans, Sterling (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Metis and the Medicine Line: Creating a Border and Dividing a People," by Michel Hogue.

Multi-Scalar Trade Unionism: Lessons from Maritime Unions - Fairbrother, Peter; Gekara, Victor (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
Union approaches in relation to the global recalibration of work and employment relations and practices over the last three decades are being worked out in practice. The question for unions is by which means they either have leverage or the potential to exercise power in relation to state and corporate decisions and strategies. Unions thus face challenging questions about the ways they organize, exercise their capacities and attempt to meet their purposes. With reference to the Australian maritime sector, the study examines the ways the main union, the Maritime Union of Australia, developed multi-scalar approaches to localized events. The problem unions face is to defend and advance workers’ interests. The task is to organize, to realize their capacities to defend and advance maritime workers’ interests, increasingly in multi-scalar ways. The argument is that leaderships and activity that ‘bridge’ scalar relationships are an important condition in this process. There appears to be a complex set of cross-connections between the local, the national and the international. While transnational connectivity increasingly defines contemporary forms of trade unionism, these scalar relations are defined in relation to the workplace, the everyday world, and by the ways that transport is a defining characteristic of the global world. These relations constitute contemporary class struggle where work and employment relations are always in a process of change and development. Trade unionism, thus, remains a collective expression of power relations, in an increasingly internationalized world of work and employment. Thus, this research presents important lessons for multi-scalar organization and campaigning by unions to realize their capacities and purpose. Nonetheless, this study is only a beginning. While it indicates the processes of bridging, the next step is to investigate the variety of ways that bridging may take place and with what outcomes for the development of multi-scalar activity. // Les approches syndicales en relation avec le rééquilibrage des relations industrielles et des pratiques en matière d’emploi et de travail durant les trois dernières décennies s’élaborent dans la pratique. La question qui se pose pour les syndicats est de savoir quels sont les moyens qui peuvent leur permettre d’influencer ou qui ont un potentiel pour influer sur les décisions et les stratégies de l’État et des entreprises. Les syndicats sont ainsi confrontés à diverses questions concernant les manières d’organiser et d’exercer leurs capacités ainsi que d’atteindre leurs objectifs. En se basant sur l’expérience du syndicalisme maritime australien, cette étude examine la façon dont le principal syndicat, le Syndicat maritime de l’Australie (Maritime Union of Australia), a su développer des approches à paliers multiples pour aborder les situations locales. Le problème auquel les syndicats doivent faire face est celui de défendre et de faire progresser les intérêts des travailleurs. Leur défi principal est d’organiser et de montrer leurs capacités à défendre et faire progresser les intérêts des travailleurs maritimes, en utilisant davantage l’approche à paliers multiples. Notre argumentation est à l’effet que le leadership et les activités qui permettent de faire le pont entre les paliers multiples constituent une importante condition du processus. Il semble exister un ensemble de connexions complexes entre les paliers local, national et international. Alors que la connectivité transnationale définit de plus en plus les formes contemporaines de syndicalisme, ces relations à paliers multiples sont définies en rapport avec les milieux de travail, le monde du quotidien, et par le fait que le transport s’avère une caractéristique du monde global. Ces relations constituent le lieu de la lutte des classes contemporaine où le travail et les relations industrielles s’insèrent continuellement dans un processus de changement et d’évolution. Ainsi, le syndicalisme demeure une expression collective des relations de pouvoir dans un monde du travail et de l’emploi s’internationalisant de plus en plus. Aussi, la présente recherche offre de tirer d’importantes leçons pour les organisations à paliers multiples et pour les syndicats qui cherchent à mettre en oeuvre leurs ressources et leurs objectifs. Malgré tout, cette étude constitue seulement un début. Bien qu’elle procure des indications sur le processus d’harmonisation des paliers multiples, la prochaine étape sera d’étudier les diverses manières dont cette recherche d’harmonisation peut se dérouler et avec quels résultats pour le développement d’activités à paliers multiples.

Canada’s Choice: Decent Work or Entrenched Exploitation for Canada’s Migrant Workers? - Faraday, Fay (Metcalf Foundation, 2016)
For the approximately 600,000 migrants currently working in Canada, changes made to the Temporary Foreign Worker Program in 2014 have left them more vulnerable to exploitation and have further narrowed their access to permanent residence. These are the findings of Canada’s Choice: Decent Work or Entrenched Exploitation for Canada’s Migrant Workers?, the latest report from human rights lawyer and Metcalf Fellow Fay Faraday, that builds upon her two previous Metcalf papers on the precarious conditions created and perpetuated by Canada’s controversial Temporary Foreign Worker Program. “Canada has lost its innocence on temporary labour migration,” says Faraday. “The 2014 reforms do nothing to alleviate – and in many cases exacerbate – insecurity for migrant workers. And exploitation predictably follows.” The report details the continued exploitation faced by migrant workers — including unscrupulous recruitment practices, employment mobility restrictions, and a lack of protection from rights abuses— and provides clear policy recommendations to strengthen protections and build employment security for Canada’s migrant workers. Canada’s Choice is also part of a submission to the Parliamentary Committee that is currently studying the Temporary Foreign Worker Program. With Canada’s labour migration policy at a crossroads, we hope that this timely report will contribute to informing the public discourse and lead to comprehensive reforms that enforce the rights of some of our nation’s most vulnerable workers. –Publisher's description

Working through the Past: Labor and Authoritarian Legacies in Comparative Perspective - Fast, Travis (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
This article reviews the book, "Working through the Past: Labor and Authoritarian Legacies in Comparative Perspective," edited by Teri L. Caraway, Maria Lorena Cook and Stephen Crowley.

Varieties of Capitalism: A Critique - Fast, Travis William (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
The Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) has become the dominant approach in comparative political economy and enjoys wide application and attention in disciplines outside of political science and sociology. Indeed the VoC approach has enjoyed much attention in comparative industrial/employment relations (IR). This article undertakes a critical evaluation of the importation of the VoC paradigm into comparative IR. Inter alia, it is argued that the VoC approach, as it is presently configured, may have little to teach IR scholars because its basic theoretical concepts and methodological priors militate against accounting for change. This article begins with a summary of the routine problems researchers in comparative political economy and comparative IR have encountered when attempting to account for change within the constraints of the VoC paradigm. Here the focus is on the limitations imposed when privileging the national scale and the problems engendered by a heavy reliance on comparative statics methodology infused with the concepts of equilibrium and exogenous shocks. The article then goes beyond these routinely recognized limitations and argues that the importation of terminology from neoclassical economic theory, of which the original VoC statement makes foundational reference, further serves to constrain and add confusion to the comparative enterprise; namely, comparative advantage, Oliver Williamson’s neoclassical theory of the firm, the use of the distinction made between (im)perfect market competition in neoclassical economics and the fuzzy distinction made between firms, markets and networks. In the concluding section we argue that the VoC’s narrow focus on the firm and its coordination problems serve to legitimate IRs traditional narrow focus on labour management relations and the pride of place that HRM now enjoys in the remaining IR departments. Ultimately, however, the embrace of the VoC paradigm by comparative IR is a net negative normative move.
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Techniciens de l’organisation sociale. La réorganisation de l’assistance catholique privée à Montréal (1930-1974) - Ferretti, Lucia (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Techniciens de l’organisation sociale. La réorganisation de l’assistance catholique privée à Montréal (1930-1974)," by Amélie Bourbeau.

A Survey of Sessional Faculty in Ontario Publicly Funded Universities - Field, Cynthia C.; Jones,, Glen A. (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education Centre for the Study of Canadian and International Higher Education; OISE-University of Toronto., 2016)
Within the past decade, the unprecedented growth in non-tenure/tenure track faculty has led to speculation as to the learning environment and learning outcomes for students. Both national media and researchers have raised concerns about the growth in short-term contract faculty, yet there is little evidentiary data to support policy development. Our study of sessional faculty in Ontario’s publicly funded universities provides much needed data and insight into the current pressures, challenges, and adaptations of the rapidly rising number of university instructors who work on short-term contracts, also known as sessional faculty. –From Executive Summary

Jazz libre : « musique-action » ou la recherche d’une praxis révolutionnaire au Québec (1967–1975) - Fillion, Eric (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
Fondé en 1967, le Jazz libre se démarque dans le paysage culturel du Québec par sa quête d’une praxis révolutionnaire dont la visée est de promouvoir la démocratie culturelle dans les milieux ouvriers. Durant ses huit années d’existence, ce groupe d’improvisateurs tisse des liens non négligeables avec le Conseil central des syndicats nationaux de Montréal, le Front de libération du Québec et le Front de libération des femmes. Les membres de ce collectif s’approprient le free jazz – une musique rattachée au nationalisme noir – afin de situer leur projet d’un Québec socialiste et indépendant dans un processus historique marqué par la décolonisation. Cette appropriation exprime un désir de concrétiser un rapprochement entre l’individu québécois colonisé – celui que Pierre Vallières qualifie de « nègre blanc d’Amérique » – et son homologue afro-américain. Elle repose sur la conviction que l’improvisation en musique est un vecteur de communication, d’organisation et de participation. La présente étude interroge le discours politico-culturel sur lequel la « musique-action » du Jazz libre repose. Elle propose une analyse élargie de la place occupée par le free jazz dans les mouvements de résistance au pouvoir tout en mettant en relief le volet culturel du militantisme politique déployé au Québec durant les années 1960 et 1970.

Free Labor: The Civil War and the Making of an American Working Class - Fleche, Andre M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Free Labor: The Civil War and the Making of an American Working Class," by Mark A. Lause.

L’intervention en santé et en sécurité du travail. Pour agir en prévention dans les milieux de travail - Fortin, Renée (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "L’intervention en santé et en sécurité du travail. Pour agir en prévention dans les milieux de travail," edited Sylvie Montreuil, Pierre-Sébastien Fournier and Geneviève Baril-Gingras.

Solidarity on the TransCanada: The Role of Immigrant Activism and Innovative Union Tactics in the 2005 Lakeside Packers Strike - Foster, Jason (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The 2005 first-contract strike at Lakeside Packers in Brooks, Alberta was one of the largest private sector labour victories in that province in over twenty years. At the time, the strike made national headlines for violence and animosity on the picket line. The strike is also noteworthy because African and Asian immigrant and refugee workers played a central role in the dispute. The union involved, United Food and Commercial Workers Local 401, adopted a series of innovative tactics which also contributed to the outcome. This article examines the events of the 2005 strike and explores the role played by immigrant activism in catalyzing and anchoring the struggle. It also analyzes which strategies employed by the union were most effective in organizing this group of workers. The article concludes by contemplating possible lessons for the labour movement today for organizing immigrant workers.

Health and Safety in Canadian Workplaces - Foster, Jason; Barnetson, Bob (Athabasca University Press, 2016)
Workplace injuries happen every day and can profoundly affect workers, their families, and the communities in which they live. This textbook provides workers and students with an introduction to effective injury prevention. It pays particular attention to how issues of precarious employment, gender, and ill-health can be better handled in Canadian occupational health and safety (OHS). Health and Safety in Canadian Workplaces offers an extensive overview of central OHS concepts and practices and provides practical suggestions for health and safety advocacy. It attempts to bring OHS into a twenty-first century context by discussing contemporary workplaces and the health effects of new work processes and structures while recognizing that safety has gendered and racialized dimensions. Foster and Barnetson contend that the practice of occupational health and safety can only be understood if we acknowledge that workers and employers have conflicting interests. Who identifies what workplace hazards should be controlled is therefore a product of the broader political economy of employment and one that should be well understood by those working in the field. – Publisher's description. Contents: Workplace injury in theory and practice – Legislative framework of injury prevention and compensation – Hazard recognition, assessment and control – Physical hazards – Chemical and biological hazards – Psycho-social hazards – Health effects of employment – Training and injury prevention programs – Incident investigation – Disability management and return to work – The practice of health and safety.
OCLC: 951835395
Keywords: Canada; Industrial safety

Public Goods and Good Jobs: The Byrne Report and the Labour Question in New Brunswick, 1963–1968 - Frank, David (Acadiensis: Journal of the History of the Atlantic Region / Revue d'histoire de la region atlantique, 2016)
When Professor Murray Young was teaching his pioneering courses on New Brunswick history up to what was then the recent past of the 1960s, colleagues would ask him what text he was using for the contemporary period. His answer was the Byrne Report. Students in that class learned how to read tables of data and lists of recommendations, and they came to appreciate the Report of the Royal Commission on Finance and Municipal Taxation as one of the most significant documents in the historical evolution of the province. –Introduction

Sensing Disorder: Sensory History and Future Directions for Working-Class and Urban Environmental Scholarship - Frankenbach, Julia C. (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the books, "Sensing Chicago: Noisemakers, Strikebreakers, and Muckrakers," by Adam Mack, "Urban Green: Nature, Recreation, and the Working Class in Industrial Chicago," by Colin Fisher, "The People and the Bay: A Social and Environmental History of Hamilton Harbour," by Nancy B. Bouchier and Ken Cruikshank, and "Baptized in PCBs: Race, Pollution, and Justice in an All-American Town," by Ellen Griffith Spears.

Watching Women’s Liberation 1970: Feminism’s Pivotal Year on the Network News - Freeman, Barbara M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
The article reviews the book, "Watching Women’s Liberation 1970: Feminism’s Pivotal Year on the Network News," by Bonnie J. Dow.

"You Will Have a Good Career Here, but Not a Great Career": Male Mentoring and the Women Journalists of the Canadian Press News Cooperative, 1965–2000 - Freeman, Barbara M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2016)
Analyzes various forms of discrimination experienced by women journalists at Canadian Press from the mid-1960s to 2000. A feminist, interdisciplinary approach is used to examine masculine newsroom norms and how they affected women's careers. Problems of mentoring are also explored. The study is based on over 30 oral interviews including with women who worked at different times as journalists and editors at CP.