Black-Brown Coalition and the Fight for Economic Justice, 1960-1974 - Jones, William P. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Black-Brown Coalition and the Fight for Economic Justice, 1960-1974," by Gordon K. Mantler.

Rules of Disengagement: 'Low Skill' Migrant Workers, Law and the Social Dimensions of Exclusionary Inclusion - Jowett, Brendan Breckman (York University, Osgoode Hall, 2014)
This thesis interrogates social exclusion among migrant workers under the NOC C & D (“low skill”) occupational stream of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program, a relatively new, fast-growing, and highly diverse stream which brings migrant workers into industry sectors and social settings where they were never seen before. The author develops a framework for understanding law’s role in producing social exclusion, and applies it to ethnographic data collected through interviews with migrant justice advocates and migrant workers in Brandon, Manitoba. This thesis ultimately establishes that migrant workers need not face spatial separation, discrimination from the community, or a historically gendered and racialized labour context in order to experience social exclusion; the author argues that social exclusion is legally constructed and that the legal framework of this program itself presents barriers to migrants’ full participation in the life of the communities in which they live and work.

Academic Librarians at the Table - Bargaining for Parity - Kandiuk, Mary (In Solidarity: Academic Librarian Labour Activism and Union Participation in Canada, 2014)
"[Examines] the role of collective bargaining with respect to improving terms and conditions of employment and the issues and challenges experienced by librarians as members of minority groups within faculty associations." – Editors' introduction.
Keywords: Academic librarians; Canada; Collective bargaining; Faculty status; Labor Unions; Librarians' unions; Library employees

Harper and Non-History - Kealey, Gregory S. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Argues that the Conservative government of Stephen Harper is rewriting Canadian history as a propaganda celebration of a "warrior state" while cutting funds for serious historical research.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CITIZENSHIP – Study & teaching; CONSERVATIVE Party of Canada (2003- ); Canada; HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; HISTORY & politics; Historiography

Gender History: Canadian Perspectives - Keough, Willeen G.; Campbell, Lara A. (Oxford University Press, 2014)
Seamlessly integrating primary and secondary sources with insightful original overviews, Gender History: Canadian Perspectives is a comprehensive resource for students of gender history in Canada. This reader-textbook takes and innovative historical and thematic approach - the first half is chronological in structure, tracing developments from the pre-contacts such as work, the law, sexuality, religion, and popular culture. The result is a solid introduction to the broad patterns and themes of gender history in Canada, with particular emphasis on the diversity of gender experiences and the intersections of gender with class and race. –Publisher's description
https://www.sfu.ca/history/publications/2013-keough.html
Keywords: Sex role – Canada – History

The Relationship between the Internal Labour Market and Transitions from Temporary to Permanent Employment in Korea - Kim, Hyondong; Lee, Dong-Jin (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
This study examines the relationship between internal labour markets (ILMs) and the transition from temporary to permanent employment, particularly following the legislative changes regarding the use of temporary workers in Korea. We test our research model based on data gathered during two different periods from 619 and 616 Korean companies respectively. The results show that ILMs help companies turn temporary employees into permanent ones. Furthermore, environmental dynamism increases the need for temporary workers, which prohibits the transition from temporary to permanent employment, particularly when seniority-based pay is tightly implemented within a firm. The effects of ILMs on the transition from temporary to permanent employment become pronounced as companies internalize institutional changes. The current study demonstrates that the features of the employment system shape and establish organizational norms and traditions and play a critical role in achieving the intended effects of institutional change.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; LABOR market; Labor Unions; Organizational change; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies; Temporary employment; Transitions

Land of 10,000 Loves: A History of Queer Minnesota - Korinek, Valerie J. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Land of 10,000 Loves: A History of Queer Minnesota," by Stewart Van Cleve.

The Transformation of Employment Regulation in Greece: Towards a Dysfunctional Liberal Market Economy? - Kornelakis, Andreas; Voskeritsian, Horen (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Since the eruption of the European sovereign debt crisis, the bailout conditions imposed on Greece have gradually shifted their emphasis from "tidying up" public finances towards "improving the competitiveness" of the economy. The employment relations system has been targeted as one of the priority areas for reform, which resulted in its gradual dismantling. The article analyses this transformation in employment regulation, using insights from the varieties of capitalism literature. It is argued that the ongoing injection of liberal market elements is likely to transform Greece into a dysfunctional Liberal Market Economy. The changes ignore the specificities and idiosyncrasies of the Greek production model and are likely to leave the country with the "worst of both worlds": suboptimal economic performance and diluted social cohesion.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Capitalism; Collective bargaining; Economic crisis; Labor Unions; Labor relations; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Sovereign debt; Studies

Joy in Labour: The Politicization of Craft from the Arts and Crafts Movement to Etsy - Krugh, Michele (Canadian Review of American Studies, 2014)
Since the time of the Arts and Crafts movement of the late nineteenth century, craft production and consumption has been politicized. Craft’s focus on hand making has been used to contrast intentional, individual labour with the division of labour involved in industrial mass production. Through its mission to build a more fulfilling world through ethical commerce, craftsmanship, and fun, the contemporary e-commerce site Etsy participates in the discourse of politicized craft that was articulated over a hundred years ago by William Morris, with his dream of “joy in labour.” While craft’s individualism can limit its political effectiveness, craft’s utopian impulse to build a better world through more fun and through labour that is more fair is a valuable ideal and one that has survived for more than a century.

Whose Shared History? - Ladner, Kiera L.; McCrossan, Michael (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Critiques Prime Minister Stephen Harper's June 11, 2008 apology for the abuse of students in Indian residential schools and his remarks about Canada's history at a 2009 press conference at the 2009 G20 meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Argues that rather than celebrating the War of 1812 and the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, the federal government should commemorate the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and the Treaty of Niagara as pivotal shared events with Indigenous peoples.
Keywords: Canada; GROUP of Twenty – Congresses; HARPER; Stephen; 1959- – Political & social views; Historiography; History; IMPERIALISM – History; Indigenous Peoples; OFF-reservation boarding schools; United States; WAR of 1812

The Economic Effects of Living Wage Laws - Lammam, Charles (Faser Institute, 2014)
For many years, Canadian governments have tried to legislate higher earnings for low-wage workers. With origins at the municipal level, living wage laws are a relatively new policy that gained prominence in American cities starting in the mid-1990s. Currently more than 140 American municipalities have a living wage law. In 2011, the City of New Westminster in British Columbia became the first and only Canadian city to adopt a living wage ordinance. This report reviews the scholarly research on living wage laws from the United States and concludes that the US experience should make us cautious about adopting this policy more widely in Canada. – Publisher's description

Forum : Invitation aux débats / Debates - Lapointe, Paul-André (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Starting with this issue we have decided to set aside space in the journal for a forum and for ongoing debate on issues of major social and scientific importance in industrial relations practice and theory. / C’est pour cette raison que nous souhaitons aménager, à l’intérieur de nos pages, un espace de débats et de forums portant sur des problématiques d’une grande pertinence sociale et scientifique, tant pour le monde de la pratique que pour celui de la théorie des relations industrielles. –From editor's introduction /de l'introduction de l'éditeur.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Mapping the Division of Labour in Long-Term Residential Care Across Jurisdictions - Laxer, Katherine Erika (York University, 2014)
Despite the international emphasis on care in private homes, the demand for long-term residential care is rising given the growing number of older persons and those living with severe disabilities. Rising acuity levels of residents have resulted in calls for more training for care providers and concerns have been raised about the supply of workers, drawing attention to the working conditions, pay, benefits and status attached to work in long-term residential care. This industry is a link in the international care chain, with wealthy countries seeking workers from poorer countries. Yet, cross-national data sources provide limited information on the long-term residential care labour force, reflecting the value attached to the sector and the level of concern about the well-being of the labour force. Data that are available indicate that care is prioritized, divided and measured in different ways in different contexts and that there are varying degrees of precariousness experienced by workers. The evidence from the data also suggests that the public not-for-profit sector and unionization are critical shelters for the mostly women providers. Using a feminist political economy approach, this thesis outlines data available from statistical sources in Europe and North America with a case examination of four countries: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Sweden. It critically maps the comparative data on the supply of labour in this industry of health and social care, as well as on their locations and relations. It illustrates the extent to which the framing of care in conventional terms, influenced by both neoliberal and medical notions of care, limits the statistical infrastructure in terms of its capacity to adequately measure workforces involved in long-term residential care and to provide a basis for addressing the continuing supply of labour in this sector.

Resources, Empire and Labour: Crisis, Lessons and Alternatives - Leadbeater, David (Fernwood, 2014)
The interconnections of natural resources, empire and labour run through the most central and conflict-ridden crises of our times: war, environmental degradation, impoverishment and plutocracy. Crucial to understand and to change the conditions that give rise to these crises is the critical study of resource development and, more broadly, the resources question, which is the subject of this volume. –Publisher's description.
http://fernwoodpublishing.ca/book/resources-empire-and-labour

Disability, Underemployment and Social Change - Lee, Susan Sau-Yee (University of Toronto, 2014)
Informed by the disciplines of disability studies and interpretive sociology, and using the social model of disability and the collective identity model, this dissertation pursues an investigation of underemployment. Underemployment, conceptualized as the underutilized skills and knowledge of the employed and unemployed, occurs at higher levels amongst disabled persons than among non-disabled people (Canada, 2009). Semi-structured interviews with 14 underemployed disabled people conducted, to investigate the experiences of disabled persons who worked in the fields of education, computer, healthcare, fitness, environment, travel, social work, government and non-government agencies. In addition, Canadian social policies were analyzed to address the research questions: 1) How do disabled workers understand and address experiences of underemployment? 2) How do organizations and social policies account for underemployment amongst disabled persons? 3) How can practices which acknowledge and enhance collective identity be used to address underemployment and advance the disability movement? 4) How can underemployment amongst disabled persons be addressed at the organizational level? The texts of these narratives and Canadian social policies were analyzed using a critical interpretative textual analysis approach. The analysis demonstrates the depths of the negative consequences of high levels of underemployment resulting from structural, environmental and attitudinal barriers. Such consequences include lack of opportunities for recognition, compensation, promotion, accommodations, and career fulfillment, as well as poor mental, physical, emotional and social health. This research study is unique as it reveals the struggles that disabled persons experienced in work contexts, their narratives of resistance, and their recommendations for socio-political change to build more inclusive work environments

Comment jouer la régulation dans l’industrie du jeu vidéo? - Legault, Marie-Josée; Weststar, Johanna (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Cet article étudie les choix des concepteurs de jeux vidéo en matière de représentation de leurs intérêts à la lumière de la théorie de la mobilisation de Kelly (1998), cela dans le but de mesurer leur disposition à l’action collective. Ces travailleurs illustrent bien le cas des travailleurs du savoir dans des productions organisées par projets. Si le modèle de Kelly permet en principe d’asseoir des projections concernant la syndicalisation d’un secteur, tel n’est pas le cas ici. Notre étude nous amène plutôt à mesurer l’ampleur de la transformation du marché de l’emploi depuis l’élaboration du modèle et la distance qui sépare les besoins des travailleurs du savoir, d’une part, et les options que leur propose l’action syndicale traditionnelle telle que présentée par le modèle de Kelly, d’autre part.Ce groupe de travailleurs remplit deux conditions propices à l’action collective : il a identifié des problèmes communs dans les conditions de travail de l’industrie et il en attribue généralement la responsabilité à l’employeur.Cependant, trois conditions essentielles l’empêchent de s’unir en une coalition. D’abord, il est partagé entre une définition de son intérêt en termes collectifs et individuels; ensuite , il est aussi partagé quant à la conviction que la situation insatisfaisante est illégitime. Enfin, et surtout, lorsque les travailleurs analysent les coûts et les bénéfices de l’action collective, le projet de syndicalisation via le régime général d’accréditation fondé sur l’entreprise-employeur leur pose plusieurs problèmes concrets. Les concepteurs de jeux pratiquent une forme d’action collective qui contourne les contraintes que pose notre régime juridique actuel de rapports collectifs de travail. Or, la théorie de la mobilisation de Kelly assimile action collective et action syndicale traditionnelle, ce qui mérite d’être reconsidéré.
Keywords: Diseñadores de juegos de video; acción colectiva; action collective; collective action; concepteurs de jeux vidéo; knowledge workers; organisation par projets; organización por proyectos; project-based organisations; sindicalización; syndicalisation; trabajadores del saber; travailleurs du savoir; unionisation; video game developers

Youth Apprenticeships in Canada: On Their Inferior Status Despite Skilled Labour Shortages - Lehmann, Wolfgang; Taylor, Alison; Wright, Laura (Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 2014)
In Canada, youth apprenticeships have been promoted as an educational alternative that leads to the development of valuable skills, allows for the opportunity to earn an income while learning and helps youth to gain a head start into lucrative, creative and in-demand careers. Yet, these programmes have remained rather marginal and continue to be perceived as being of lower-status compared to traditional post-secondary educational pathways, such as those leading to university or community college. In this paper, we draw on interview data with former youth apprentices in the province of Ontario to explore their reasons for entering apprenticeships in high school, their experiences in them and their own perceptions about the status and social recognition of apprenticeships. We suggest that policies regarding apprenticeship programmes in Canada need to expand their focus. While emphasis is currently placed on recruiting students by highlighting relatively utilitarian benefits, we argue that more focus needs to be placed on the training offered to apprentices including the commitment of employers to provide quality training on the job, the integration of classroom and on-the-job training and the opportunity for apprentices to move from partial to full participation in communities of practice.

L'identitée canadienne refaçonnée?' - Létourneau, Jocelyn (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Notes that while Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper's efforts to fashion a new Canadian identity have caused a stir, the multiculturalism of the type espoused by the Liberal Party of Canada under Pierre Trudeau was becoming exhausted. Comments that Harper was rebuilding identity on the pillars of recognition of Indigenous and Quebec nations' contributions, revitalization of heritage and British roots, and valorization of Canadian autonomy and sovereignty, including military accomplishments. Concludes that time will tell whether this attempt to remake the past will have a future impact. An abridged version of the article was published in the Canada Day edition of the Globe and Mail in 2013.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CANADIANS – Ethnic identity; Canada; FIRST Nations (Canada); HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; MULTICULTURALISM

Losing the Battle but Winning the War: Why Online Information Should Be a Prohibited Ground Privacy, Law and the Contemporary Workplace: New Challenges and Directions - Levin, Avner (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This paper contends that in the "war" to protect the privacy of individ- uals' personal information online, the battle to limit the collection of such infor- mation has been lost. Existing personal information protection regimes, with their emphasis on notice and consent, have proven inadequate, especially in light of the advent of "big data analytics" and revelations of large-scale privacy violations by governments and corporations. The author argues, however, that the war can still be won on another front - that of limiting the use of per- sonal information. In developing this theme, the author explores the notion of "network privacy," which posits that information shared online within a given social circle is intended to stay within that social circle, and is not to be shared beyond its boundaries without permission. Currently there is no legal protection in Canada against the invasion of network privacy (though in several recent decisions, the courts have shown a more nuanced understanding of privacy in online information). One potential source of such protection might be the adoption of the "Oxford principles" formulated in 2013, which propose a new model for regulating the processing of information, one that is focused on the use of personal information rather than on its collection. In the author's view, though, those principles, as well as other proposals, would not provide sufficient protection. Instead, the author outlines an approach that is broadly similar to the prohibition against the use of information relating to protected grounds under Canadian human rights legislation. Under this approach, no action could be taken against an individual - including in the employment context - based on his or her online information, except where that information reveals criminal, illegal or unethical conduct, or causes significant harm to others.

Is Precarious Employment Low Income Employment? The Changing Labour Market in Southern Ontario - Lewchuk, Wayne; Laflèche, Michelynn (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
Introduces papers arising from the PEPSO report, "It's More Than Poverty" (2013).

Precarious Employment and Social Outcomes - Lewchuk, Wayne; Laflèche, Michelynn; Procyk, Stephanie; Rosen, Dan; Dyson, Diane; Shields, John; Goldring, Luin; Viducis, Peter; Meisner, Alan; Vrankulj, Sam (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
This paper examines the association between income and precarious employment, how this association is changing and how it is shaped by gender and race. It explores how precarious employment has spread to even middle income occupations and what this implies for our understanding of contemporary labour markets and employment relationship norms. The findings indicate a need to refine our views of who is in precarious employment and a need to re-evaluate the nature of the Standard Employment Relationship, which we would argue is not only becoming less prevalent, but also transitioning into something that is less secure.

La violence physique au travail et la santé : le droit québécois régissant l’indemnisation et la prévention - Lippel, Katherine; Lanctôt, Nathalie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Cet article examine le droit de la santé et de la sécurité du travail appliqué aux situations de violence physique au travail au Québec. Après une mise en contexte qui fait appel à la littérature des sciences sociales et sciences de la santé pour déterminer les enjeux importants au niveau de la prévention des conséquences pour la santé des personnes exposées à la violence physique au travail, l’article fait appel à la méthodologie juridique classique pour tracer le portrait du droit québécois d’indemnisation et de prévention. Cette analyse permet de déterminer si les régimes de santé et sécurité du Québec en matière d’indemnisation et de prévention incitent les employeurs à assurer une prévention primaire, secondaire et tertiaire. La première partie de l’article fait appel à la littérature portant sur les différentes formes que peut prendre la violence au travail afin de mettre en contexte la violence physique. Ensuite, on y documente les conséquences potentielles des agressions physiques au travail, en soulignant l’importance de la prévention primaire, secondaire et tertiaire. La seconde partie examine le droit québécois régissant l’indemnisation des victimes de violence physique au travail ainsi que la prévention des lésions professionnelles. Nous identifions les critères de reconnaissance des lésions professionnelles attribuables à la violence au travail, en nous attardant au fardeau de preuve et en constatant les défis spécifiques à la reconnaissance des lésions psychologiques par rapport aux lésions physiques. En deuxième lieu, nous examinons la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail ainsi que les incitatifs de prévention prévus dans la Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles. Ainsi, nous examinons la jurisprudence relative aux demandes d’externalisation des coûts reliés aux lésions professionnelles attribuables à la violence physique. Cette analyse nous permet de constater que l’interprétation par les tribunaux administratifs de certaines règles de droit encadrant le financement du régime d’indemnisation, ajoutées à l’interdiction des poursuites civiles, a pour effet de minimiser les incitations économiques à la prévention qui avaient été prévues par le législateur lors de l’adoption de la Loi. Nous concluons en soulignant l’importance d’assurer une incitation économique à la prévention primaire, secondaire et tertiaire, ce qui pourrait être atteint par une application plus raffinée des règles de droit relatives au financement du régime.
Keywords: Quebec; Québec; Violencia en el trabajo; derecho; droit; indemnisation; indemnización; law; occupational violence; prevención; prevention; prévention; violence au travail; workers’ compensation

Finding a Usable Past for the American Labour Movement's Decline - Loomis, Erik (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "A Renegade Union: Interracial Organizing and Labor Radicalism," by Lisa Phillips, "Commonsense Anticommunism: Labor and Civil Liberties between the World Wars," by Jennifer Luff, and "Labor Rising: The Past and Future of Working People in America," edited by Daniel Katz and Richard A. Greenwald.
Keywords: COMMONSENSE Anticommunism: Labor & Civil Liberties Between the World Wars (Book); GREENWALD; Richard A.; KATZ; Daniel; LABOR Rising: The Past & Future of Working People in America (Book); LUFF; Jennifer; Nonfiction; PHILLIPS; Lisa; RENEGADE Union: Interracial Organizing & Labor Radicalism; A (Book)

The Raids: Nickel Range Trilogy - Lowe, Mick (Baraka Books, 2014)
It’s spring, 1963 in the “Nickel Capital of the World.” Nineteen-year-old Jake McCool is about to undergo a rite of passage—his first shift underground in a hard rock mine. But the Cold War is at its height, and Jake is also about to become a reluctant participant in a bitter interunion battle fueled by the global struggle between two ideologies in the wake of the Second World War. So is his girlfriend, Jo Ann Winters. Together the couple are swept up in a web of intrigue; at its center is a terrible secret that will haunt their relationship for the rest of their lives, as their hometown becomes not only one of the world’s greatest hard rock mining centers, but also the epicenter of the Cold War in North America. In this fast-paced novel set against the little-known historical backdrop of a true-life battle that included vicious beatings, riots, and worse, author Mick Lowe posits a provocative premise: that the U.S. government sponsored a ruthless covert operation to destabilize a strategic community in the heartland of its closest ally, Canada. –Publisher's description
Novel
Keywords: Blue-collar work; Cold War; Miners; Nickel mines and mining; Ontario Sudbury; Strategy

La Confiance au travail - Luc, Sylvain (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Review of: La confiance au travail, coordonné by Laurent Karsenty.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

“Go to Work on Monday One More Time”: An Analysis of the Compensation Process for Occupational Disease at General Electric in Peterborough - Luckhardt, Natasha (McMaster University, 2014)
This paper provides a historical, socioeconomic and political analysis of the compensation claims process for former General Electric workers in Peterborough. To provide context to the issue, the literature analyzes the evolution of the compensation process, the history of asbestos and occupational cancer in Canada and more specifically, Ontario, chemical causation considerations and the government and large industry’s participation in these issues. In order to examine the complexity of the compensation process in Peterborough, the key players involved in the process were interviewed and include representatives from CAW/Unifor, Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers (OHCOW), OWA (Office of the Worker Advisor), Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB), Occupational and Environmental Health Coalition of Peterborough (O&EHC-P), as well as former workers and their families. The testimonials deliver insight on issues such as the range of asbestos and chemicals used in the plant, the lack of causation data to support workers’ claims, the use and abuse of science in the process, the socioeconomic relevancy of GE in Peterborough, the environmental devastation created by the manufacturing industry in the city and the tensions between the intended and applied responsibilities of the key players. The overall findings were that the workers feel invisible to the major players involved, ignored by the community and overwhelmed by the system. To provide a deeper understanding of these issues, there are three groups of case studies examined: the compensated, the uncompensated and the families. The recommendations include a need for a concerted effort by all key players to ensure the workers’ right to a fair and just compensation process, enhanced education within the community on occupational health and safety, legislation reform, increased causation data, community mobilization efforts and environmental studies examining the water, air and soil in Peterborough and surrounding areas.

Labour Relations Laws in Canada and the United States - MacIntyre, Hugh; Lammam, Charles (Fraser Institute, 2014)
Employs an index of "labour market flexibility" to assess labour relations' law in Canadian and U.S. jurisdictions.

Canadian Working-Class Environmentalism, 1965-1985 - MacPhee, Katrin (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The historiographies of Canadian labour and environmental activism have largely overlooked the existence of a distinctly working-class environmental consciousness in Canada between 1965 and 1985. This worker-oriented environmentalism was expressed in three separate but interrelated strategies. First, labour activists in the 1960s through to the 1980s undertook independent research into the environmental contaminants present in their own workplaces and subsequently released into the larger environment. Second, a number of Canadian unions consistently endeavoured to compel branches of the Canadian government to adopt and enforce strict environmental policies and regulations. Third, Canadian union members exercised the weapons at their disposal - collective bargaining, demonstrations, and strikes - to prevent harm to environmental and human health alike. Through an analysis of these realms of struggle, I outline an environmentalism born of a class analysis of health and disease under capitalism.
Keywords: 20th century; Canada; ENVIRONMENTAL health; ENVIRONMENTAL health – History; ENVIRONMENTALISM; Environmentalists; History; Industrial hygiene; Industrial relations; Labor Unions; Working class

Les antécédents de l’expression d’émotions dans un centre d’appels - Mainhagu, Sébastien; Moulin, Yves (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
L’organisation scientifique du travail, appliquée initialement dans l’industrie, s’est progressivement déclinée dans les services. Dans ces espaces, le contrôle du travail s’étend à l’appréciation du comportement du salarié, en référence à des expressions d’émotions prescrites par le management. Les centres d’appels constituent une illustration privilégiée : les téléconseillers sont tenus de respecter des normes organisationnelles leur dictant l’expression d’émotions à manifester lors des échanges avec les clients. Toutefois, pendant les conversations, les téléconseillers n’arrivent pas toujours à cacher leurs vraies émotions et émettent alors un comportement non conforme aux attentes du management.Cet échec du contrôle des émotions du téléconseiller constitue un fort enjeu pour les entreprises concernées parce qu’il risque de réduire la satisfaction des clients, voire d’entraîner des pertes de clientèle. En se fondant sur le cadre théorique du travail émotionnel, la présente étude a pour finalité de cerner les principales causes des comportements adéquats ou déviants des téléconseillers lors des conversations téléphoniques.Cette contribution recèle une triple originalité. Elle constitue la première étude à appréhender les antécédents de l’expression d’émotions dans le contexte spécifique des centres d’appels. Elle privilégie une méthodologie d’observation in situ des émotions recueillies à travers une grille de codage évaluant le degré de déviance à l’émotion prescrite lors de 347 conversations. Elle introduit dans le raisonnement l’influence de la structure sociale pour enrichir l’analyse de l’impact négatif de certaines variables sur l’expression d’émotions des téléconseillers.Cet article montre que ce sont principalement les situations d’interaction (charge de travail, heure de l’appel) ainsi que les règles établies par l’encadrement (durée de l’appel, absence de retrait à la suite d’un appel difficile, faible latitude dans la réponse) qui favorisent les comportements dysfonctionnels. Toutefois, les téléconseillers percevant une forte tolérance de l’employeur à la déviance des règles prescrites, ils renforcent leur expression d’émotions de représailles.
Keywords: agentes telefónicos; call centre; centre d’appels; centros de llamadas; emotional management; expresión de emociones; interaction; policy administration; politiques administratives; tolerance of deviant behaviour; tolerancia a los desvíos; tolérance à la déviance; travail émotionnel; téléconseiller; worker

Resocialising Europe in a Time of Crisis - Mangan, David (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Resocialising Europe in a Time of Crisis, edited by Nicola Countouris and Mark Freedland, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; EU membership; Economic crisis; Employment; Labor Unions; Labor law

Réseaux sociaux au travail, confiance interpersonnelle et comportement de partage des connaissances - Mansour, Nizar; Saidani, Chiraz; Saihi, Malek; Laaroussi, Samia (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Dans cet article, nous tentons de démontrer que la confiance interpersonnelle joue un rôle de médiation entre les réseaux sociaux et le comportement de partage des connaissances dans les entreprises tunisiennes de haute technologie. Même si l’impact direct des réseaux sociaux sur le partage des connaissances a été traité par les recherches antérieures, nous pensons qu’une telle relation gagnerait à intégrer le rôle de la confiance interpersonnelle comme mécanisme intermédiaire. En conformité avec McAllister (1995), nous nous proposons d’étudier deux formes de confiance interpersonnelle : la confiance cognitive (basée sur les compétences) et la confiance affective (basée sur les échanges socio-émotionnels). Un modèle structurel a permis de tester les hypothèses de recherche. Les résultats de l’enquête soutiennent partiellement nos conjectures théoriques. Ils montrent que seule la qualité des interactions dans un réseau social influence positivement et significativement les deux formes de confiance. Sur un autre plan, seule la confiance affective aurait une influence sur le comportement de partage des connaissances. Enfin, les résultats stipulent que la confiance affective médiatise l’effet de la qualité d’interaction sur le comportement de partage des connaissances. Une discussion est engagée sur la base de ces résultats et les implications de la recherche, sur le plan théorique et managérial, sont présentées.
Keywords: Affective Trust; Cognitive Trust; Knowledge Sharing; Social Networks; Structural Analysis; analyse structurelle; análisis estructural; compartir los conocimientos; confiance affective; confiance cognitive; confianza afectiva; confianza cognitiva; partage des connaissances; redes sociales; réseaux sociaux

Envergure du poste et engagement : le rôle modérateur du soutien et des relations avec le supérieur - Marchand, Catherine; Vandenberghe, Christian (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Cette étude examine l’effet modérateur du contexte relationnel des emplois dans la relation entre les caractéristiques du travail et l’engagement affectif envers l’organisation, la profession et la clientèle. Le contexte relationnel est appréhendé par le soutien organisationnel perçu (SOP) et la qualité des relations leader-membre (de l’anglais, leader-member exchange, LMX). Nous émettons l’hypothèse que le soutien organisationnel est perçu comme permettant de combler les besoins socio-émotionnels des employés et révélant une compréhension indulgente de l’organisation envers ses employés. À l’inverse, la qualité des relations leader-membre reflète une approche d’échange social dans laquelle le soutien du supérieur est associé à une finalité d’amélioration du rendement de l’employé. Ces considérations amènent à prédire que le SOP devrait agir comme un modérateur négatif des effets des caractéristiques du travail (envergure du poste) sur l’engagement affectif envers les trois cibles examinées. Au contraire, nous prévoyons que la qualité des relations leader-membre (LMX) agira comme un modérateur positif des effets de l’envergure du poste sur l’engagement affectif.Ces hypothèses ont été vérifiées lors d’une étude menée en deux temps. D’abord, au temps 1 ont été mesurées l’envergure du poste (variété de la tâche, signification, autonomie, identité et rétroaction; Hackman et Oldham, 1980), le soutien organisationnel perçu (SOP) et la qualité des relations leader-membre (LMX). Par la suite, soit six mois plus tard, l’engagement affectif envers l’organisation, la profession et la clientèle a été évalué. Sur la base d’un échantillon aléatoire de 208 employés gradués en gestion, droit, génie et sciences pures d’une université belge et occupant des emplois dans des organisations variées, les analyses de régression multiple modérée montrent que la relation (positive) entre l’envergure du poste et les trois dimensions de l’engagement affectif s’avère plus faible lorsque le soutien organisationnel perçu est élevé. En revanche, la relation (positive) entre l’envergure du poste et l’engagement affectif envers la profession ainsi qu’envers la clientèle se révèle plus forte lorsque la qualité des relations leader-membre (LMX) est élevée. Nous discuterons de la portée de ces résultats.
Keywords: affective commitment to the organization; apoyo organizacional percibido (AOP); compromiso afectivo con la organización; engagement affectif envers l’organisation; envergadura del puesto; envergure du poste; job scope; la profesión y la clientela; la profession et la clientèle; leader-member exchange; perceived organizational support; relaciones líder-miembro (LMX); relations leader-membre (LMX); soutien organisationnel perçu (SOP); the occupation and customers

"Silence Means Yes Here in Canada": Precarious Migrants, Work and the Law - Marsden, Sarah (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
A growing number of workers in the Canadian labour force have precarious migration status as participants in authorized temporary work programs, or have no status at all. This article reports the findings of a study that interviewed precarious migrants in British Columbia, and employees of agencies which provided services to them, with a view to assessing the impact of migration status on their conditions of work and on the practical availability to them of legal protections set out in provincial legislation on employment standards, occupational health and safety, and workers' compensation. Data gathered from the interviews indicate that precarious migration status was associated with deskilling, decreased job security and mobility, illegally low pay and long hours, and various health and safety risks. Provincial laws and policies regulating the workplace do not exclude anyone from protection on the basis of migration status. However, federal law gives employers a great deal of employer discretion over the status of temporary foreign workers, aggravating the employer-employee power imbalance and making those workers fearful of seeking redress for violations of their rights under provincial law. The author suggests that local initiatives emphasizing the provision of access to services "without fear" for workers with precarious migration status, or with no status, can help to overcome their marginalization and recognize their place in Canadian society.

La supervision des thèses de second et de troisième cycles et I' « apprentissage sur le tas » : conversation avec Bettina Bradbury - Marshall, Dominique (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The author — a former doctoral student of Bradbury's — reflects on a recent telephone conversation with Bradbury regarding graduate supervision as well as the processes and practices of learning and apprenticeship. Also considers how the experience influenced the author's teaching and research.
Keywords: BRADBURY; Bettina; COLLEGE teacher-student relationships; DOCTORAL students; GRADUATE students – Supervision of; NONFORMAL education; TEACHER influence; TEACHING methods; WOMEN historians

The Division of Labor in Economics: A History - May, Robyn (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The Division of Labor in Economics: A History, by Guang-Zhen Sun, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Economics; History; Labor Unions; Labor force; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Hobohemia and the Crucifixion Machine: Rival Images of a New World in 1930s Vancouver - McCallum, Todd (AU Press, 2014)
In the early years of the Great Depression, thousands of unemployed homeless transients settled into Vancouver’s “hobo jungle.” The jungle operated as a distinct community, in which goods were exchanged and shared directly, without benefit of currency. The organization of life was immediate and consensual, conducted in the absence of capital accumulation. But as the transients moved from the jungles to the city, they made innumerable demands on Vancouver’s Relief Department, consuming financial resources at a rate that threatened the city with bankruptcy. In response, the municipality instituted a card-control system—no longer offering relief recipients currency to do with as they chose. It also implemented new investigative and assessment procedures, including office spies, to weed out organizational inefficiencies. McCallum argues that, threatened by this “ungovernable society,” Vancouver’s Relief Department employed Fordist management methods that ultimately stripped the transients of their individuality. Vancouver’s municipal government entered into contractual relationships with dozens of private businesses, tendering bids for meals in much the same fashion as for printing jobs and construction projects. As a result, entrepreneurs clamoured to get their share of the state spending. With the emergence of work relief camps, the provincial government harnessed the only currency that homeless men possessed: their muscle. This new form of unfree labour aided the province in developing its tourist driven “image” economy, as well as facilitating the transportation of natural resources and manufactured goods. It also led eventually to the most significant protest movement of 1930s’ Canada, the On-to-Ottawa Trek. Hobohemia and the Crucifixion Machine explores the connections between the history of transiency and that of Fordism, offering a new interpretation of the economic and political crises that wracked Canada in the early years of the Great Depression. –Publisher's description
Keywords: 1929; 20th century; British Columbia; Depressions; History; Public welfare; Services for; Services for. Unemployed; Social conditions; Transients; Relief of; Unemployed; Vancouver

Rethinking the Politics of Labour in Canada - McCartin, Joseph A. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Rethinking the Politics of Labour in Canada," edited by Stephanie Ross and Larry Savage.
Keywords: Canada; LABOR unions – Political activity; Labor Unions; Nonfiction; RETHINKING the Politics of Labour in Canada (Book); ROSS; Stephanie; SAVAGE; Larry

Labour and the Environment: Five Stories from New Brunswick Since the 1970s - McFarland, Joan (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article explores labor relations and the environmental movement in New Brunswick. Emphasis is given to alliances and cooperation between entities such as the New Brunswick Federation of Labor, the Conservation Council of New Brunswick, the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union, and the New Brunswick Union of Public and Private Employees. The author offers information on conferences that detail the relations between labor leaders and environmentalists on topics such as the construction of nuclear power plants, forestry management, and climate change.
Keywords: CONGRESSES; Canada; ENVIRONMENTALISM; Environmental policy; Environmentalists; INTERORGANIZATIONAL relations; Labor Unions; Labor leaders; Labor movement; New Brunswick

Working People in Alberta: A History - McInnis, Peter S. (Peter Stuart) (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Working People in Alberta: A History," by Alvin Finkel et al.
Keywords: Alberta; FINKEL; Alvin; History; Nonfiction; WORKING People in Alberta: A History (Book); WORKING class – History

The Mouse that Roared: Finding Our Voice during the University of Western Ontario Librarians' and Archivists' Strike of 2011 - McKillop, Christena A. (In Solidarity: Academic Librarian Labour Activism and Union Participation in Canada, 2014)
"Focuses on the empowerment of librarians during their job action [librarians and archivists' strike at the University of Western Ontario in 2011]." – Editors' introduction.
Keywords: Academic librarians; Canada; Collective bargaining; Faculty status; Labor Unions; Librarians' unions; Library employees

The Migrant Farmworker Health Journey: Identifying Issues and Considering Change across Borders Issues and Considering Change across Borders - McLaughlin, Janet; Hennabry, Jenna; Cole, Donald C.; Williams, Gabriel (International Migration Research Centre (IMRC), 2014)

Paper versus Practice : Occupational Health and Safety Protections and Realities for Temporary Foreign Agricultural Workers in Ontario - McLaughlin, Janet; Hennebry, Jenna; Haines, Ted (Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé, 2014)
Over 20,000 temporary foreign agricultural workers come to Ontario each year, primarily from Mexico and the Caribbean. Agricultural workers are exposed to a number of occupational health and safety (OHS) risks. This article discusses the various OHS protections available to workers and their limitations, and analyzes the specific challenges that temporary foreign workers face in accessing rights, such as language and cultural barriers, information gaps, and precarious employment and immigration status. It also analyzes the limitations with respect to OHS training and the provision and use of personal protective equipment, arguing that these protections are under-regulated and inconsistent. The article concludes with recommendations to improve shortcomings, including standardized and specific OHS training, random OHS inspections, and full inclusion of agricultural workers in provincial legislations. Findings are based primarily on interviews with 100 migrant farmworkers who reported injuries or illness, as well as with key stakeholders such as employers and government officials.

Speaking Up: A History of Language and Politics in Canada and Quebec. - McNichol, Dustin J. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Speaking Up: A History of Language and Politics in Canada and Quebec," by Marcel Martel and Martin Pâquet.
Keywords: Canada; DUMAS; Patricia; History; Language policy; MARTEL; Marcel; Nonfiction; PAQUET; Martin; SPEAKING Up: A History of Language & Politics in Canada & Quebec (Book)

Contesting Bodies and Nation in Canadian History - McPhail, Deborah (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Contesting Bodies and Nation in Canadian History," edited by Patrizia Gentile and Jane Nicholas.
Keywords: CONTESTING Bodies & Nation in Canadian History (Book); Canada; GENTILE; Patrizia; HUMAN body; History; NICHOLAS; Jane; Nonfiction

The Breakthrough: Human Rights in the 1970s - McRae, Matthew (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "The Breakthrough: Human Rights in the 1970s," edited by Jan Eckel and Samuel Moyn.

A Changing Union Tide Hurts Vulnerable Workers: A Case Study on Migrant Workers - Mehta, Naveen (Unions Matter: Advancing Democracy, Economic Equality, and Social Justice, 2014)
Argues - with a particular focus on vulnerable temporary migrant workers - that wen unions thrive and commit to broader social unionism, the union tide raises all boats: standards of living, democratic participation, and increased social and economic justice. –Introduction
Keywords: Canada; Canadian Foundation for Labour Rights; Democracy; Employee rights; Equality; Labor movement; Labor unions; Social aspects; Social justice

The Other Side of the Balance: Employer Interests, Work Systems and R. v. Cole Privacy, Law and the Contemporary Workplace: New Challenges and Directions - Michaluk, Dan (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
In October 2012, the Supreme Court of Canada issued a decision much-anticipated by Canadian employers. In R. v. Cole,' it affirmed an Ontario Court of Appeal holding that a schoolteacher had a reasonable expectation of privacy in a work-issued laptop. Some hailed the ruling as a landmark. But does Cole signal a significant shift in workplace rights and obligations? This short essay - written from the perspective of counsel to employers - explains why the answer to this question is "no." Cole recognizes a significant new pri- vacy interest, but also establishes a strong foundation for continued employer access to information stored on work systems.

Much Ado: Evaluating the Collective Agreement Amendments in the BIA and CCAA - Milanovic, Nick E. (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This article considers the effect of recent statutory amendments that recognized the legal status of the collective agreement as a binding source of rights and obligations during the employer's insolvency. The author reviews the law prior to, and after, the amendments along with interview responses of leading insolvency practitioners in determining whether those amendments unduly interfered with or prevented the successful restructuring of distressed businesses, In his view, most of the early jurisprudence setting aside collective agreements to which the debtor company was a party distorted the development of the law in this area, weakened the legitimacy of the insolvency process, and generated unnecessary conflict in the midst of restructuring efforts. By contrast, the amended provisions, by recognizing that collective agreements remain in force during an employer insolvency, have restored proper balance to the law, fostered voluntary negotiations among the parties, and reduced unnecessary liti- gation between debtors and unions. Importantly, the reforms have transformed court-centered conflict over the status of the collective agreement into product- ive negotiations focused on the rescue of distressed businesses. As a result, the paper maintains, the reforms have brought positive change to the restructuring process, by facilitating the efforts of stakeholders trying to salvage the company.

Whose Streets? The Toronto G20 and the Challenges of Summit Protest - Milbrandt, Tara (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Whose Streets? The Toronto G20 and the Challenges of Summit Protest," edited by Tom Malleson and David Wachsmuth.
Keywords: ANTI-globalization movement; Canada; DEMONSTRATIONS (Collective behavior); MALLESON; Tom; Nonfiction; WACHSMUTH; David; WHOSE Streets? The Toronto G20 & the Challenges of Summit Protest (Book)

Rebel Youth: 1960s Labour Unrest, Young Workers, and New Leftists in English Canada - Milligan, Ian (UBC Press, 2014)
During the "long sixties" - between 1964 and 1973 - baby boomers raised on democratic postwar ideals demanded a more egalitarian society for all. While a few became vocal leaders at universities across Canada, nearly 90% of Canada's young people went straight to work after high school. There, they brought the anti-authoritarian spirit of the youth revolt to the labour movement. While university-based activists combined youth culture with a new brand of radicalism to form the New Left, young workers were pressing for wildcat strikes and defying their aging union leaders in a wave of renewed militancy that swept the country. In Rebel Youth, Ian Milligan looks at these converging currents, demonstrating convincingly how they were part of a single youth phenomenon. With just short of seventy interviews complementing the extensive use of archival records, this book reveals a youth current that, despite regional differences, spanned an intellectual network from Halifax to Victoria that read the same publications, consulted the same thinkers, and found inspiration in the same shared ideas. Rebel Youth draws important connections between the stories of young workers and the youth movement in Canada, claiming a central place for labour and class in the legacy of this formative decade. –Publisher's description
OCLC: 865158388

"Chrysler Pulled The Trigger": Competing Understandings of Workplace Violence During the 1970s and Radical Legal Practice - Milloy, Jeremy (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
When “workplace violence” was identified as a pressing social problem in the 1980s and 1990s, experts and policymakers focused on the violence of individuals and the psychological causes of that violence, instead of considering the structural factors associated with the dynamics of class relations and the workplace that produced violence. Yet, workplace violence existed long before the 1980s. This paper investigates three high-profile incidents of workplace violence in the automotive industry of Detroit and Windsor in the 1970s. It explores how these incidents were understood and how such understandings were created and contested, highlighting the pivotal role played by radical legal practice in these contests. It demonstrates that workplace violence often stemmed from factors such as the labour process, racism, and union conflict, and that the success of radical legal practice in raising these issues depended on both the specifics of the crime itself and the political and historical context in which it took place.
Keywords: 20th century; AUTOMOBILE industry; Criminal law; DETROIT (Mich.); History; INDUSTRIAL relations – History; LABOR movement – History; Racism; United States; VIOLENCE in the workplace; WINDSOR (Ont.)

A Scholarly Tribute to Bettina Bradbury, Feminist Historian of the Family - Millward, Liz (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Discusses how feminist historian Bettina Bradbury influenced the author's scholarship in women's and gender studies. Describes approaches to newspaper and archival research as well as patriarchy as a key organizing concept for teaching, research, and writing.
Keywords: BRADBURY; Bettina; FEMINIST historiography; INFLUENCE (Literary; artistic; etc.)

The Ontario Human Rights Code's Distributive and Recognitional Functions in the Workplace Adjudicating Human Rights in the Workplace: After Ontario's Pinto Report, Where Do We Go Next - Mummé, Claire (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
In her analysis of the purpose of the Ontario Human Rights Code, the author draws on Nancy Fraser's distinction between the two main strategies that have been used to combat inequality. Strategies of redistribution, which prevailed among equality activists in the early twentieth century, see inequality as arising from unequal access to economic resources. Strategies of recognition, which have come into prominence more recently, see inequality as arising from sociocultural prejudices that deny equal recognition to disadvantaged groups. Although the Ontario Human Rights Code is often seen as focusing on rec- ognitional issues, the author argues that through the market relationships the Code regulates and the remedial powers it grants, it also adopts a redistribution strategy designed to address the economic impact of prohibited discrimination: that is, the Code aims to change how resources and opportunities are to be allocated for those with protected identity traits. An understanding of the inter- action between the Code's recognitional and redistributive functions sheds light on its purpose and method of operation, as well as on its relationship to other equality-seeking legal mechanisms such as collective bargaining and the equal- ity rights provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Thus, the need for a range of legal tools to counter inequality in different contexts comes more clearly into focus.

A "Unique Experiment": The Ontario Labour Court, 1943-1944 - Munro, Katherine (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Argues that the short-lived Ontario Labour Court of 1943-44 set the stage for Canada's collective bargaining regime since the Second World War. Contrasts Canadian labour relations at the time with that in the US under the Wagner Act. Analyzes landmark cases and administration of the Ontario collective bargaining act under which the court was created, as well as providing brief bios of prominent lawyers and judges. Emphasizes that the court arose from common-law precepts of the primacy of property rights. Takes note of the strong opposition to unions and collective bargaining, especially among employers. Concludes that while labour made gains in some areas, the court's mixed record of achievement also included constraints on legal striking and fragmentation of the union movement. An appendix of court decisions on union certification is included.
Keywords: Canada; Collective bargaining; Government policy; History; Industrial relations; LABOR arbitration; LABOR courts; LABOR laws & legislation; LABOR unions – Law & legislation; Labor Unions

Racialized Policing: Aboriginal People's Encounters with the Police - Neeganagwedgin, Erica (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Racialized Policing: Aboriginal People's Encounters with the Police," by Elizabeth Comack.
Keywords: COMACK; Elizabeth; Canada; Indigenous Peoples; Nonfiction; POLICE brutality; RACIALIZED Policing: Aboriginal People's Encounters With the Police (Book); Social conditions

Making the World Safe for Workers: Labor, the Left, and Wilsonian Internationalism - Newkirk, Anthony B. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Making the World Safe for Workers: Labor, the Left, and Wilsonian Internationalism," by Elizabeth McKillen.

Unemployed Women in Neo-Liberal Canada: An Intersectional Analysis of Social Well-Being - Nichols, Leslie J. (Ryerson University, 2014)
This study explores the lived experiences of unemployed women in neo-liberal Canada, through interviews with a diverse sample of participants between the ages of 25 and 40 from the cities of Toronto and Halifax. The results were analyzed using intersectional and grounded theory. The study resulted in four main findings. First, the study builds on intersectional methodology by McCall (2005) and Hancock (2007) to indicate the significance of context-specify and fluidity of identities. The significance of intersectionality theory is that there is not one salient identity; rather the impacts of identities are context dependent. Second, the neo-liberal erosion of the state infrastructure is manifested in a paucity of supports for unemployed workers. The unemployed woman workers do not only have to face a lack of adequate support when they become unemployed but they also do not have adequate support in other aspects of their lives including child care, retraining, health care and labour market supports while employed. Thus, many women do not have access to adequate living conditions without reliance on a male partner. Third, the health of the women was negatively affected, whether precariously employed or unemployed. They have insecurity around not being able to plan their future, and living on limited money and poor health care benefits. Finally, regional economic differences may be disappearing while all EI measures are brought towards the lowest common denominator. Thus, neo-liberal labour market policies put women, and particularly women with intersectional identities, in jeopardy. This study makes four policy recommendations: (1) to create social policies that address intersectional identities to allow women a real choice in facing competing demands of wage work and dependent care; (2) to create policies to curb the impacts of precarious employment; (3) to create EI policies not bound by regions but to the needs of the labour market including the growth of precarity; and (4) in the interim, to introduce extended health benefits to improve the situation of unemployed and precariously employed workers.
Keywords: Gender-based analysis – Canada; Social justice – Canada; Unemployed women workers – Canada – Social aspects; Unemployed women workers – Canada – Social conditions; Unemployed women workers – Services for – Canada; Unemployment insurance – Government policy – Canada – Evaluation; Women – Employment – Canada

Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921–1941 - Niergarth, Kirk (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921–1941," by Michael David-Fox.

History Under Harper: Leaving Québec, and Much Else, Outside Canada - Noël, Alain (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Analyzes Governor General David Johnston's October 16, 2013 Throne Speech for what it did and did not say about aspects of national history and identity. Argues that this is concomitant with the Conservative government's shutdown of the National Council of Welfare, the removal of public documents from the web, and the lack of recognition of Quebec's contemporary culture, including its distinct social institutions and practices. Concludes that historians and political scientists are obligated not only to keep a critical eye on "history under Harper," but to put forward or help to promote more appropriate versions of history and peoplehood.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CONSERVATIVE Party of Canada (2003- ); Canada; HISTORY & politics; Historiography; History; NATIONAL characteristics; Canadian; QUEBEC (Province); Social movements

Transformations des marchés du travail et innovations syndicales au Québec - Noiseux, Yanick (Presses de L'Université du Québec, 2014)
Pour qui s’intéresse à l’évolution du travail au Québec, le passage à un régime néolibéral au tournant des années 1980 renvoie à un concept : la flexibilisation. Trente ans plus tard, avec la montée en flèche du nombre d’emplois atypiques, force est de constater que flexibilité rime aussi avec précarité, l’emploi atypique se distinguant trop souvent par une moindre rémunération et un accès restreint aux multiples formes de protection sociale. Comment le syndicalisme peut-il s’ajuster aux besoins différenciés d’une main-d’œuvre de plus en plus diversifiée et employée sur des marchés du travail toujours plus segmentés ? L’auteur nous invite à penser le marché du travail à partir de sa périphérie, et à réfléchir à l’innovation syndicale à partir des pratiques, des stratégies et des revendications d’organisations de travailleurs se situant sur les marges de la société salariale. Dans une démarche qui vise le rajeunissement, voire la métamorphose du syndicalisme, il porte attention aux possibilités d’innovation sous-tendue par la nouvelle configuration du travail dans le capitalisme d’aujourd’hui. Pour ce faire, il présente un état des lieux du travail sur les marchés périphériques au Québec, en accordant une place prépondérante aux expériences des travailleurs, puis expose des pistes de réflexion sur le renouvellement de la théorie syndicale et sur le redéploiement de l’action syndicale au Québec. Enfin, il propose cinq études d’expériences portées, ici et maintenant, par des travailleurs atypiques et des organisations syndicales soucieuses de répondre à leurs besoins différenciés en matière d’organisation collective. L’ouvrage nous montre que les organisations de travailleurs demeurent déterminantes et constituent l’une des pistes majeures à explorer afin de repenser l’articulation des mobilisations et l’émancipation sociale à l’ère de la mondialisation néolibérale. –Publisher's description
OCLC: 881869467
Keywords: Labor market; Labor market Québec (Province); Marché du travail Québec (Province); Precarious employment; Precarious employment Québec (Province); Québec; Syndicalism; Syndicalism Québec (Province); Syndicalisme Québec (Province); Travail précaire Québec (Province)

Critical Inquiries: A Reader in Studies of Canada - Nurse, Andrew (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Critical Inquiries: A Reader in Studies of Canada," ed. by Lynne Caldwell, Carrianne Leung, and Darryl Leroux.

The Fissured Workplace: Why Work Became So Bad for So Many and What Can Be Done to Improve It - O'Brady, Sean (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
The Fissured Workplace: Why Work Became So Bad for So Many and What Can Be Done to Improve It, by David Weil, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Cost control; Impact analysis; Labor Unions; Outsourcing; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Subcontracts; Work environment

Seconds: A Graphic Novel - O'Malley, Bryan Lee (Ballantine, 2014)
The highly anticipated new standalone full-color graphic novel from Bryan Lee O’Malley, author and artist of the hugely bestselling Scott Pilgrim graphic novel series Katie’s got it pretty good. She’s a talented young chef, she runs a successful restaurant, and she has big plans to open an even better one. Then, all at once, progress on the new location bogs down, her charming ex-boyfriend pops up, her fling with another chef goes sour, and her best waitress gets badly hurt. And just like that, Katie’s life goes from pretty good to not so much. What she needs is a second chance. Everybody deserves one, after all—but they don’t come easy. Luckily for Katie, a mysterious girl appears in the middle of the night with simple instructions for a do-it-yourself do-over: 1. Write your mistake 2. Ingest one mushroom 3. Go to sleep 4. Wake anew And just like that, all the bad stuff never happened, and Katie is given another chance to get things right. She’s also got a dresser drawer full of magical mushrooms—and an irresistible urge to make her life not just good, but perfect. Too bad it’s against the rules. But Katie doesn’t care about the rules—and she’s about to discover the unintended consequences of the best intentions. From the mind and pen behind the acclaimed Scott Pilgrim series comes a madcap new tale of existential angst, everyday obstacles, young love, and ancient spirits that’s sharp-witted and tenderhearted, whimsical and wise. –Publisher's description
Book available at Internet Archive to people with print disabilities: https://archive.org/details/seconds0000omal
Keywords: Blue-collar work; Comic books; strips; etc; Gender; Graphic novels; Love stories; Man-woman relationships; Pink-collar work; Restaurants; Restaurateurs; Social Class and Equality; United States; Women cooks; Young adult fiction

The Right to Sue as Access to Justice: Discrimination in Employment before the Courts in Canada and California Adjudicating Human Rights in the Workplace: After Ontario's Pinto Report, Where Do We Go Next - Osborne-Brown, Sheila (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This paper provides a comparative analysis of the Canadian and U.S. approaches to the adjudication of discrimination claims arising from employ- ment. The author presents an overview of the main structural elements of the U.S. system (focusing on the state of California) as compared to the Canadian system, having regard to causes of action, forums, the type and extent of rem- edies, costs awards, and participants in the process. She then considers the impact of those contrasting structural elements on a complainant's ability to access a court process, rather than an administrative process alone, and on the scope of individual monetary remedies that may be available in addition to systemic ones. Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the Canadian and U.S. approaches, the author asks whether the system in Canada, with its pronounced "public" character, could not coexist with a more "private" sys- tem in which claims could be pursued in court, in a way that would benefit both individual complainants and society as a whole. At the same time, the author suggests that enhancing the quantum of individual remedies, whether in an administrative forum or in court, could well prove to be an effective tool for encouraging complainants to come forward and to enable them to secure effective legal representation in prosecuting their complaints.

Editor's Note = Note du directeur [74, Fall 2014] - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The editor announces his retirement and reflects on his longstanding connection with the journal, first as a contributor, then as editor. Expresses appreciation for the work and support of others. Welcomes members of the Canadian Association of Work and Labour Studies to the editorial board as well as incoming editor Sean Cadigan.
Keywords: Editors; PERIODICALS

Imagining Politics - Palmer, Bryan D. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Argues in this concluding commentary that the Harper Conservatives have captured the political imagination, while those in opposition have not. Discusses the ideological turn to global neoliberalism, including in Canada, since 1975, as advocated by economist Milton Friedman; in this context, the Harper Conservatives are simply a leaner and meaner version of the trend. Takes note of the contested perspectives on the state and community. Points to social movements, such as the student movement in Quebec, that have attempted to push back. Concludes that the New Right must be challenged by a coherent left politics that is beyond the current party system.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CAPITALISM – Political aspects; CONSERVATIVE Party of Canada (2003- ); Canada; FRIEDMAN; Milton; 1912-2006; HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; Historiography; Neoliberalism

The Study of Working Class History - Palmer, Bryan D. (The Canadian Encyclopedia (TCE), 2014)
The Canadian worker has been a neglected figure in Canadian history. Workers have contributed in many ways to the development of Canadian society, but the history of working people — their families, communities and work places — has only gradually become part of our view of the past and an important component of understanding how we came to occupy our present. –Introduction

Collective Regulation and Working Women in New Zealand and Fiji - Parker, Jane; Arrowsmith, James (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
New Zealand is a relatively prosperous OECD member with a tradition of liberal democracy. Fiji remains a developing nation with a large subsistence agriculture sector and one-quarter of its people living in poverty. Its socio-economic difficulties have contributed to four Coups d'Etat since Fiji attained independence in 1970. This comparative study examines these South Pacific neighbours' considerable employment regulatory change amid economic liberalisation framed by neo-liberal market ideology, before focusing on the gendered impacts of this change. A thematic analysis of qualitative survey and documentary evidence reveals a link between regulatory forms and working women's progress, mediated by national and international pressures. The findings inform a model of regulatory approaches that can influence women's relationship with the labour market.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Collectivism; Comparative studies; Female employees; LABOR market; Labor Unions; Labor relations; POVERTY; Regulation; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies; Women

Try to Control Yourself: The Regulation of Public Drinking in Post-Prohibition Ontario, 1927-44 - Pennock, Pamela E. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Try to Control Yourself: The Regulation of Public Drinking in Post-Prohibition Ontario, 1927-44," by Dan Malleck,.
Keywords: 20th century; ALCOHOL – Law & legislation; History; MALLECK; Dan; Nonfiction; Ontario; TRY to Control Yourself: The Regulation of Public Drinking in Post-Prohibition Ontario 1927-1944 (Book)

Le pouvoir d’agir des salariés au prisme de la formation : les promesses non tenues d’une doctrine managériale - Perez, Coralie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
La volonté affichée de donner des capacités d’agir aux salariés s’incarne dans le concept d’« habilitation » (empowerment) qui désigne des formes d’initiative et de participation accordées aux salariés, d’amplitude toutefois variable. Dans une perspective critique qui inspire notre travail, l’« habilitation » peut être vue comme une rhétorique managériale destinée à mobiliser la subjectivité des salariés tout en voilant les rapports de domination. En tout état de cause, la formation devrait constituer une ressource susceptible d’accroître le pouvoir d’agir des salariés et être conçue par les directions et perçue par les salariés comme telle. Comment et avec qui conçoit-on une politique de formation en cohérence avec ce projet ? Comment (et dans quelle mesure) cette politique contribue-t-elle effectivement à l’« habilitation » des salariés ? Cet article met la doctrine de l’« habilitation » à l’épreuve de la formation. Le terrain ici mobilisé est une enquête monographique conduite auprès d’une entreprise de l’agro-alimentaire, filiale française d’un groupe américain, qui a érigé l’« habilitation » en doctrine managériale. Saisie au niveau de l’organisation, la politique de formation apparaît congruente avec les autres pratiques mobilisatrices visant l’engagement et la responsabilisation des salariés, mais dans le cadre strict des objectifs stratégiques du groupe. Au niveau individuel, certains salariés, parmi les plus récemment embauchés, jugent leur capacité d’agir renforcée par la politique de formation de l’entreprise. Mais pour la majorité des salariés interrogés, leur rapport à la formation traduit leur désenchantement sur leur pouvoir d’agir dans un environnement où les décisions managériales demeurent opaques et imprévisibles. Le consentement et la coopération des salariés apparaissent fragilisés par ces contradictions.Ainsi, et malgré la situation très privilégiée de l’entreprise étudiée, dans un régime de gouvernance actionnariale où la prégnance des objectifs de rentabilité financière s’impose à tous les salariés et où, en outre, la représentation collective des salariés est faible voire inexistante, la politique d’« habilitation » ne parvient pas à concrétiser ses ambitions. Pour autant, elle n’est pas dépourvue d’effectivité. Au travers de la formation s’expriment les tensions dont l’« habilitation » est porteuse. Elle révèle, dans ce contexte, les promesses non tenues de cette doctrine managériale et questionne son efficacité économique et sociale.
Keywords: HR management; competencia; compétences; continuous training; employee involvement; empoderamiento (empowerment); empowerment; formación; formation; gestion des ressources humaines (GRH); gestión de recursos humanos (GRH); implicación; implication; resistance; resistencia; responsabilisation; responsabilización; résistance; skills; « habilitation » (

The Changing Dimensions of Privacy in the Workplace: Legal Rights and Labour Realities Privacy, Law and the Contemporary Workplace: New Challenges and Directions - Phillips, Emma (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
This paper explores what the author sees as two important trends in recent privacy law decisions by Canada's highest courts, and considers the implications of those trends for privacy rights in the workplace. The first trend the author argues, is a clear affirmation that employees have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the workplace - an expectation that is inherent in an individual's human dignity and autonomy, and that does not need to be expressly bargained or negotiated. As a result, it can no longer be maintained, as some adjudicators did, that there is no juridical basis in the common law on which to ground a right to privacy. The second trend is an increasing recognition of a right to informational privacy (as distinct from a right to bodily or to territorial privacy), understood as an individual's ability to control how information about him or her is communicated to others. As the paper explains, questions about the protection of informational privacy in the employment context have been brought to the fore by the prolhferation of information technology in the workplace, and by the increased blurring of lines between employees' professional and private lives. The author concludes that, going forward, the challenge will be to define more precisely the scope of employees' rights to privacy, particularly in relation to the employer's legitimate operational interests, and to determine appropriate remedial responses in the event of a breach of such rights.

Edible Histories, Cultural Politics: Towards a Canadian Food History - Pilcher, Jeffrey M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Edible Histories, Cultural Politics: Towards a Canadian Food History," edited by Franca Iacovetta, Valerie J. Korinek, and Marlene Epp.
Keywords: Canada; EDIBLE Histories; Cultural Politics: Towards a Canadian Food History (Book); EPP; Marlene; FOOD – History; History; IACOVETTA; Franca; KORINEK; Valerie J.; Nonfiction; SOCIAL life & customs

Balancing Efficiency, Equity, and Voice: The Impact of Unions and High-Involvement Work Practices on Work Outcomes - Pohler, Dionne M.; Luchak, Andrew A. (ILR Review, 2014)
Theory and research surrounding employee voice in organizations have often treated high-involvement work practices (HIWPs) as substitutes for unions. Drawing on recent theoretical developments in the field of industrial relations, specifically the collective voice/institutional response model of union impact and research on HIWPs in organizations, the authors propose that these institutions are better seen as complements whereby greater balance is achieved between efficiency, equity, and voice when HIWPs are implemented in the presence of unions. Based on a national sample of Canadian organizations, they find employees covered by a union experience fewer intensification pressures under higher levels of diffusion of HIWPs such that they work less unpaid overtime, have fewer grievances, and take fewer paid sick days. Job satisfaction is maximized under the combination of unions and HIWPs.

Adjudicating Systemic Equality Issues: The Unfulfilled Promise of Action Travail Des Femmes Adjudicating Human Rights in the Workplace: After Ontario's Pinto Report, Where Do We Go Next - Pothier, Dianne (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
A quarter-century ago, in the Action Travail des Fermmes case, the Supreme Court of Canada gave strong endorsement to the principle that systemic remedies should be widely available in human rights cases to combat entrenched patterns of discrimination, and indicated that such remedies could be expected to be effect- ive in meeting that objective. This paper considers developments in the area of systemic remedies since Action Travail des Fenmes was decided, and concludes that the promise held out by the Supreme Court remains unfulfilled and indeed that the viability of systemic remedies themselves is very much in question. At the federal level, amendments to the Canadian Human Rights Act retrenched the tri- bunal's remedial powers, by seemingly inhibiting the imposition of hiring quotas in cases where systemic discrimination in employment had been established In addition, the generation-long saga of the McKinnon case in Ontario laid bare the almost insurmountable challenges of enforcing systemic orders against a recalci- trant respondent, and revealed the limits of the human rights system's institutional capacity. Most recently, in the Moore decision, the Supreme Court has cast doubt even on the availability of systemic remedies, by holding - on the basis of a superficial analysis and contrary to its own long-standing jurisprudence - that only individual remedies should have been ordered in a case which unmistakeably had systemic dimensions. While the decision may reflect the Court's concern that the tribunal decision intruded excessively into the realm of public policy and finance, it provides no meaningfd guidance on how government can be held accountable for its human rights obligations.

Pigs, Cows, Boarders, and...: Brothels, Taverns, and the Household Economy in Nineteenth-Century Montreal - Poutanen, Mary Anne (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Pays tribute to Bettina Bradbury's feminist historiography and how it influenced the author's own work on the household economy of residential prostitution as well as female tavern and inn keepers in 19th century Montreal. Concludes that Bradbury raised the bar for studies of social, economic, cultural, and political history in Canada and Quebec.
Keywords: 19th century; BRADBURY; Bettina; BROTHELS; Canada; Economic aspects; FEMINIST historiography; History; Households; MONTREAL (Quebec); PROSTITUTION – History; WOMEN historians; Women

Building Sanctuary: The Movement to Support Vietnam War Resisters in Canada, 1965-73 - Powell, Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Building Sanctuary: The Movement to Support Vietnam War Resisters in Canada, 1965-73," by Jessica Squires.
Keywords: BUILDING Sanctuary: The Movement to Support Vietnam War Resisters in Canada 1965-1973 (Book); Canada; Nonfiction; PEACE movements; SQUIRES; Jessica; VIETNAM War; 1961-1975 – Draft resisters

Rebellion in Black and White: Southern Student Activism in the 1960s - Powell, Christopher (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Rebellion in Black and White: Southern Student Activism in the 1960s," ed. by Robert Cohen and David J. Snyder.

Workforce Utilization of Visible and Linguistic Minorities in Canadian Nursing - Premji, Stephanie; Etowa, Josephine B. (Journal of Nursing Management, 2014)
This study seeks to develop a diversity profile of the nursing workforce in Canada and its major cities. Background There is ample evidence of ethnic and linguistic segregation in the Canadian labour market. However, it is unknown if there is equitable representation of visible and linguistic minorities in nursing professions. We cross-tabulated aggregate data from Statistics Canada’s 2006 Census. Analyses examined the distribution of visible and linguistic minorities, including visible minority sub-groups, among health managers, head nurses, registered nurses, licensed nurses and nurse aides for Canada and major cities as well as by gender. In Canada and its major cities, a pyramidal structure was found whereby visible and linguistic minorities, women in particular, were under-represented in managerial positions and over-represented in lower ranking positions. Blacks and Filipinos were generally well represented across nursing professions; however, other visible minority sub-groups lacked representation. Conclusions Diversity initiatives at all levels can play a role in promoting better access to and quality of care for minority populations through the increased cultural and linguistic competence of care providers and organizations. Implications for Nursing Management Efforts to increase diversity in nursing need to be accompanied by commitment and resources to effectively manage diversity within organizations.
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01442.x
Keywords: cultural competence; diversity; minorities; nursing; workforce utilization

Precarious Work Experiences of Racialized Immigrant Women in Toronto: A Community-Based Study - Premji, Stephanie; Shakya, Yogendra; Spasevski, Megan; Merolli, Jessica; Athar, Sehr (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
Despite their high levels of education, racialized immigrant women in Canada are over-represented in low-paid, low-skill jobs characterized by high risk and precarity. Our project documents the experiences with precarious employment of racialized immigrant women in Toronto. We conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with racialized immigrant women. Participants were recruited through posted flyers, partner agencies, peer researcher networks and snowball sampling. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software. The project followed a community-based participatory action research model. Participants faced powerful structural barriers to decent employment and additionally faced barriers associated with household gender relations. Their labour market experiences negatively impacted their physical and mental health as well as that of their families. These problems further constrained women's ability to secure decent employment. Our study makes important contributions in filling the gap on the gendered barriers racialized immigrant women face in the labour market and the gendered impacts of deskilling and precarity on women and their families. We propose labour market reforms and changes in immigration and social policies to enable racialized immigrant women to overcome barriers to decent work.

Just Labour: Looking Back - Pupo, Norene (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
Announcement of suspension of the publication and a retrospective.

Organizing Local Messengers: Working Conditions and Barriers to Unionization - Pupo, Norene; Noack, Andrea M. (Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2014)
As a result of concerns around declining memberships and the growth of precarious employment in recent years, unions have sought to expand their jurisdictions and organize groups of workers who have typically resisted collective bargaining. Research on union renewal has examined working conditions and workplace structures that may give rise to successful organizing campaigns. In this paper we examine working conditions amongst non-unionized same-day messengers working in Toronto, Canada. The research team conducted 143 semi-structured interviews with bikers, drivers and walkers who work primarily for local courier companies. We find that although same-day couriers are typically treated as ‘independent contractors’, they are dependent on brokers, and precariously employed, with unpredictable income and hours of work. Though this group would benefit substantially from unionization, especially organized on a sector-wide basis, their attitudes and culture combined with the structure of the local industry create substantial impediments to organizing.
Keywords: unionization

Hugh Lukin Robinson - Quinlan, Elizabeth (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article pays homage to the socialist labour activist Hugh Lukin Robinson (1916-2012), who worked at the United Nations and was research director of the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers from 1952-62.
Keywords: Canada; History; LABOR activists; Labor Unions; ROBINSON; Hugh Lukin

A Contest of Ideas: Capital, Politics, and Labor - Rachleff, Peter (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "A Contest of Ideas: Capital, Politics, and Labor," by Nelson Lichtenstein.

Social Transformation in Rural Canada: Community, Cultures, and Collective Action - Ramsey, Doug (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Social Transformation in Rural Canada: Community, Cultures, and Collective Action," ed. by John R. Parkins and Maureen G. Reed.

Librarians as Teachers, Researchers and Community Members - Raven, Meg; Holyoke, Francesca; Jensen, Karen (In Solidarity: Academic Librarian Labour Activism and Union Participation in Canada, 2014)
"[E]xamines the workload responsibilities of teacher, research and service and the role of collective agreements in ensuring balance." – Editors' introduction.
Keywords: Academic librarians; Canada; Collective bargaining; Faculty status; Labor Unions; Librarians' unions; Library employees

Interest in Unions and Associations in a Knowledge-Based Economy: Canadian Evidence - Raykov, Milosh; Livingstone, D. W. (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
This study analyzes the results of a 2010 national survey of Canadian non-managerial employees' membership and interest in worker organizations. This is the first general survey to include associations as well as unions. Profiles of membership and interest in unions and associations are presented, then demographic, organizational and attitudinal factors related to interest in joining these worker organizations are examined. The findings suggest that, in spite of some recent decline in union density, most Canadian non-managerial workers who are interested in collective representation are members of at least one of these organizations. The strongest interest in joining is expressed by those who are highly educated, poorly paid and feel underemployed-even if allowed some workplace "voice". The limited prior focus on unions needs to be expanded to attend to both unions and associations as worker-controlled vehicles of representation, particularly to identify strategic alliances with the growing numbers of professional employees.

Historicizing Precarity: A Labour Geography of ‘Transient’ Migrant Workers in Ontario Tobacco - Reid-Musson, E. (Geoforum, 2014)
So-called ‘transient workers’ from Quebec and Atlantic Canada made up a significant proportion of Ontario’s tobacco harvest workforce in the postwar era, though there is no existing research on this migrant population. Based on analysis of an unexamined archive, the article explores the relationship between seasonal transient workers, Ontario tobacco growers, and the federal Canadian government during the 1960s and 1970s. Migrants harnessed strategic forms of mobility or marketplace agency in precarious, unorganized and seasonal tobacco work. Further, the deepening of migrant precarity in Ontario agriculture can in part be traced back to this period of conflict between transients, tobacco growers and different levels of the Canadian government. Migrant precarity did not go uncontested among this population. Managed migration programs, still operational today, reflect the attempt to undermine migrants’ informal mobility agency. Transients travelled to find tobacco jobs with few constraints or pressures other than the compulsion to gain wages, using their relative freedom of mobility strategically, especially in public spaces, to disrupt local micro-hegemonies in tobacco areas. Government programs to manage farm labour migration were unveiled during this period in part to displace transients and solve a widely reported “transient problem” in tobacco.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016718514001560
Keywords: Agriculture; Labour geography; Migrant farm workers; Mobility; Precarity; Tobacco

Bad Time Stories: Government-Union Conflicts and the Rhetoric of Legitimation Strategies - Reshef, Yonatan; Keim, Charles (University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division, 2014)
The 1990s and 2000s were especially difficult decades for government–public sector union relations in Canada. Rising costs and growing debts meant that governments were on the lookout for savings, and public sector unions and employees were easy targets for government actions. Bitter conflicts between unions and governments erupted and each labour dispute involved numerous rounds of public rhetoric in which both sides attempted to justify their actions and stigmatize their opponents.In Bad Time Stories, Yonatan Reshef and Charles Keim analyse the language of both parties in order to identify the legitimation strategies at work during government-union conflict. The authors use evidence drawn from newspapers, speeches, parliamentary transcripts, and legal statements in presenting a new framework for understanding the discursive strategies employed by governments and unions in labour disputes.Using a case study and linguistic approach, Bad Time Stories offers a unique perspective on industrial relations and will be of interest to scholars in the areas of business, public policy, and communications, as well to those directly involved in union-management negotiations. – Publisher's description

Conflits travail-famille et intention de quitter dans le domaine de la santé - Rhnima, Aziz; Wils, Thierry; Pousa, Claudio; Frigon, Mélanie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
La conciliation entre la vie professionnelle et la vie de famille cristallise un défi majeur aussi bien pour les travailleurs, les organisations que pour la société. De nombreux changements et mutations survenus dans le marché du travail et dans la vie familiale participent de l’avènement de cette situation (c.-à-d. les exigences accrues au niveau de la charge de travail suite aux restructurations, les changements fréquents d’affectation, la nécessité d’accorder des soins particuliers à des membres de la famille, etc.). Plusieurs facteurs nocifs à la performance des entreprises découlent de cette situation dont, entre autres, la recrudescence actuelle des comportements de retrait, des intentions de quitter et du roulement volontaire des travailleurs. Ce contexte s’avère particulièrement préoccupant dans le secteur de la santé, notamment chez le personnel infirmier. L’objectif général de la présente recherche est d’étudier l’influence de différents conflits travail-famille à l’endroit de l’intention de quitter l’organisation au niveau du personnel infirmier. Deux modèles théoriques rivaux, soit le modèle du stress organisationnel et le modèle d’effets d’entraînement, prétendent expliquer l’influence des conflits travail-famille sur l’intention de quitter l’organisation. Le but de cette étude est de vérifier lequel de ces deux modèles théoriques explique le mieux l’influence de la conceptualisation multidimensionnelle de ce conflit (deux directions de ce conflit, soit travail→famille et famille→travail exprimées chacune en termes de temps, d’effort et de comportement) à l’endroit de l’intention de quitter. À partir d’un échantillon de 404 sujets provenant du personnel infirmier d’un centre hospitalier, l’analyse de régression hiérarchique montre que le modèle du stress organisationnel explique davantage l’intention de quitter l’organisation que le modèle d’effets d’entraînement. En outre, les résultats indiquent que ce sont les ingérences de la vie d’emploi, en termes de temps et surtout d’effort, qui intensifient l’intention de quitter. Des avenues de recherche et des implications managériales sont déduites à la lumière des résultats enregistrés.
Keywords: conflicto familia-trabajo; conflicto trabajo-familia; conflit famille-travail; conflit travail-famille; départs volontaires; family-work conflict; nurses; personal enfermero; personnel infirmier; rotación voluntaria; voluntary turnover; work-family conflict

Collegial Self-Governance for Professional Librarians: The Establishment and Evolution of a Library Council at Brock University - Ribaric, Tim (In Solidarity: Academic Librarian Labour Activism and Union Participation in Canada, 2014)
"[E]xamines issues and challenges of collegial self-governance for academic librarians at Brock University." – Editors' introduction.
Keywords: Academic librarians; Canada; Collective bargaining; Faculty status; Labor Unions; Librarians' unions; Library employees

Labor Confronts Austerity: An Introduction - Ross, Stephanie; Savage, Larry (Labor Studies Journal, 2014)
Given [the] hostile political and ideological climate in which, rightly or wrongly, unions are seen as defenders of sectional rather than the general interest, the question of new and effective political strategies and tactics to combat austerity is all the more urgent for the labor movement. It is within this context that contributors to this special issue of Labor Studies Journal and other labor educators from across North America presented their research at the United Association for Labor Education conference in Toronto in March 2013 as part of six panels focused on labor’s strategic response to austerity. Panelists represented a wide range of different approaches, produced rich and varied research aimed at clarifying some of the obstacles facing unions, and explored the various routes open to the labor movement in its efforts to confront austerity. –From Editors' Introduction

Autonomie collective et droit du travail. Mélanges en l’honneur du professeur Pierre Verge - Roux, Dominic (Presses de l'Université Laval, 2014)
L’apport du professeur Pierre Verge au droit du travail est remarquable! Ses travaux ont profondément marqué cette discipline et en ont accompagné le développement pendant plus de cinquante ans. Engagé, il occupa dès le début de sa carrière diverses fonctions administratives, dont celle de doyen (Normand). Visionnaire, il se tourna rapidement vers la recherche subventionnée et vers l’interdisciplinarité. Pluraliste, son approche se focalisa sur la multiplicité des sources – juridiques ou non - qui jalonnent sa discipline, élargissant ses horizons de recherche, vers la sociologie, notamment. Joueur d’équipe, il sut transmettre à d’autres, ici même et ailleurs dans le monde, son savoir et son expérience, ce qui se traduit par d’innombrables copublications et collaborations, et autant d’amitiés nouées. Rigueur intellectuelle, érudition et ardeur au travail sont des traits de personnalité connus du professeur Verge. Mais à cela s’ajoutent de belles qualités humaines : générosité, affabilité et modestie caractérisent en effet cet homme, authentique, qui, durant son illustre carrière, influença tant de collègues et d’étudiants. Plusieurs d’entre eux ont donc voulu lui rendre un vibrant hommage et exprimer leur attachement et leur reconnaissance sous la forme de Mélanges. –Publisher's description. Contents: 1 La contribution scientifique de Pierre Verge à l'affirmation et à la recomposition du droit du travail / Guylaine Vallée – 2 Un décanat de développement et de consolidation / Sylvio Normand – Autonomie collective et pluralisme juridique : Georges Gurvitch, Hugo Sinzheimer et le droit du travail / Michel Coutu – 4 Corporatism, Neo-Corporatism, and Freedom of Association / Adrian Goldin – 5 Le syndicat obligatoire au Québec : une contrainte individuelle à la faveur de l'autonomie collective / Pierre Verge, Christain Brunelle, Anne-Marie Laflamme et Doninic Roux – 6 "La convention collective lie tous les salariés ..." mais, sans les ligoter! (art. 67 C.t.) / Me Fernand Morin – 7 La solubilité de la convention collective dans son environnement normatif : quelques réflexions sur une mutation institutionnelle / Louis LeBel – 8 Regulating strikes in essential (and other) services after the “New Trilogy” / Bernard Adell – 9 L'arbitrage de grief et le développement de la spécificité du droit du travail : une contribution reconnue / Denis Nadeau – 10 Embracing collective rights: Unions and the new struggle for relevance and autonomy : A view from the Commonwealth Caribbean / Rose-Marie Belle Antoine –11 Collective autonomy in New Zealand / Paul Roth – 12 Social partners : Autonomy and its limits : A Polish perspective / Michal Sewerynski – 13 Le droit français du travail est-il toujours un droit de protection des salariés? / Jean Pélissier – 14 Les tribunaux judiciaires et les conflits collectifs de travail en Amérique latine / Héctor-Hugo Barbagelata – 15 La détermination des conditions collectives de travail dans l'entreprise au Japon : le règlement intérieur et la modification des conditions de travail / Yasuo Ishil – 16 The Wagner model and international freedom of association standards / Lance Compa – 17 Strike ban for public servants in Germany – an international anachronism / Udo R. Mayer– 18 2019 : autonomie collective, élément clé du travail décent des travailleuses et travailleurs domestiques / Adelle Blackett –19 The new public and private international labour regulations and their implementation experiences / Pablo Lazo Grandi – 20 Organisations nouvelles du travail et représentation collective des travailleurs / Jean-Michel Servais – 21 Repenser les politiques des rapports collectifs de travail à l'ère des entreprises transnationales / Gregor Murray.
OCLC: 904427274
Keywords: Associations; Associations. Syndicats; Droit; Droit international. Travailleurs; Droit. Mlanges (Recueils) Labor laws and legislation. Labor laws and legislation; International. Labor unions; Droit. Travail; Labor laws and legislation. Labor laws and legislation; International. Working class; Law and legislation. Travail; Law and legislation. Working class; Mlanges et hommages; Mlanges et hommages. Droit du travail (droit international); Mlanges et hommages. Syndicats; Mlanges et hommages. Travailleurs; Societies; etc. Droit du travail; Societies; etc. Labor unions

Class Struggle and Solidarity in Neo-Liberal Times: The 1986 Gainers Strike - Samoil, Andrea (Trent University, 2014)
The lengthy and raucous 1986 Gainers meatpacking plant strike in Edmonton, Alberta was one of the most important events in recent Alberta labour history. In the midst of the economic crisis of the 1980s and the rise of neo-liberal ideas, the strike marked a backlash by both the labour movement and ordinary citizens against attacks on workers and unions. Characterized by widely covered picket line violence, repressive police and court actions, and government unresponsiveness, the strike generated massive solidarity within and beyond the labour movement. This solidarity originated in a rejection of the neo-liberal new reality of Alberta typified by high unemployment, anti-union laws and practices, and lack of government welfare support, and it generated a provincial change the law campaign, national boycott, and rising class consciousness. The working class mobilization during the Gainers strike was a watershed for the Alberta labour movement.
Keywords: Alberta federation of labour; Gainers strike; Neo-liberalism; Social sciences; Solidarity; Working class

Immigrant Women and their Work in the Informal Economy in Toronto: Impacts and the Potential for Critical Transformations - Santhosh Thomas, Agnes (University of Toronto, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 2014)
This research examines the everyday experiences of immigrant women working informally in the City of Toronto (Canada). The study is based on analysis of original in depth interview (n = 27) and focus group data (n = 19). The thesis begins from the belief that the choice of highly educated immigrant women, with and without professional work experiences from their home countries, to do informal work in Canada is part of a fact that they are going through a particularly intensive process of change. With special attention to the potential for critical transformative learning (e.g. Mezirow; Freire) - how this change is produced, experienced, and addressed is the key focus in this study. The study considers three avenues of experience potentially influencing change in the lives of immigrant women post-immigration: i) the ways of knowing, frames of reference, and worldviews of these women as shaped by the complex relationship between their private (e.g. as mothers and wives) and public (e.g. as community members and informal product/service workers) lives; ii) the various economic and cultural relations and shifting locations that mediate how the individual makes choices regarding (formal and/or informal) work activities; and, iii) the social relations shaping the changing experiences and interpretations of interlocking systems of power relations involving gender, race, class and disability.Agentive participation and learning in the context of economic participation are key in understanding women's choices, experiences, and outcomes in the context of their work and life experiences in Canada. This study reveals the multidimensional, often contradictory, processes of change that individuals in marginalized situations post-immigration go through and their awareness of and influence over these change processes. The analysis suggests a multilayered process that supports and sometimes inhibits the creation of a new foundation for various types of transformative learning trajectories; one that keeps the loose threads together and moves people towards and along a path they individually or collectively choose to follow in order to find meaning and realize positive change.

Negotiating Risk, Seeking Security, Eroding Solidarity: Life and Work on the Border - Santos, Madalena (Alternate Routes: A Journal of Critical Social Research, 2014)
The article reviews the book "Negotiating Risk, Seeking Security, Eroding Solidarity: Life and Work on the Border" by Holly Gibbs, Belinda Leach, and Charlotte A.B. Yates.

Nordic Lights: Work, Management and Welfare in Scandinavia - Sarfati, Hedva (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Nordic Lights: Work, Management and Welfare in Scandinavia, edited by Ake Sandberg, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Collective bargaining; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Welfare; Work environment

Meet Joe Copper: Masculinity and Race on Montana's World War II Home Front - Scheidler, Natalie F. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Meet Joe Copper: Masculinity and Race on Montana's World War II Home Front," by Matthew L. Basso.

Unions and Democracy - Schenk, Christopher (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2014)
It is well known that unions and collective bargaining allows workers to achieve progress in areas such as compensation, working conditions, and other "economic issues". This report examines how unions have also had a positive influence in their communities, in society at large and on the quality of our democracy. The Rand Formula is a formula dating back to 1946 when a decision was made during an arbitration hearing by Justice Ivan Rand that union dues would be paid by all employees benefitting from the collective agreement, not just signed union members. This means the employer deducts the dues from all employee paychecks and then forwards those funds to the union. The Rand Formula prevents employees from benefitting from the work of the union, while not paying union dues.

Continental Crucible: Big Business, Workers and Unions in the Transformation of North America - Schenk, Christopher Robert (Global Labour Journal, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "Continental Crucible: Big Business, Workers and Unions in the Transformation of North America," by Richard Roman and Edur Velasco Arregui.

Holding the Shop Together: German Industrial Relations in the Postwar Era - Schmidt, Ingo (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Holding the Shop Together: German Industrial Relations in the Postwar Era," by Stephen J. Silvia.

Pathways to the Iron Hand in the Velvet Glove: Historical Underpinnings of the Ontario Human Rights Commission as Law Enforcer Adjudicating Human Rights in the Workplace: After Ontario's Pinto Report, Where Do We Go Next - Schucher, Karen (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
In 2006 Ontario undertook major reforms to its human rights enforcement regime, eliminating the human rights commission's "gatekeeper" function and introducing a "direct access" modelfor the adjudication of complaints. Drawing on extensive primary research, this paper explores the historical antecedents to current debates about the appropriate model for human rights enforcement, by describing and analyzing four themes associated with the enactment of Ontario's 'fair practices" statutes in the 1950s - predecessors of the present-day Human Rights Code. As the author explains, those statutes prohibited particular types of discrimination based on race, religion, nationality and other grounds, and were enforced through an administrative process that was intended to have a remedial rather than punitive focus. The first theme relates to a tension in the arguments advanced by the social activists who campaigned for fair prac- tices: those arguments had both a "negative" aspect, which highlighted the harm caused by discrimination and the immorality of discriminatory conduct, and a "positive" aspect, which emphasized the importance of creating equal opportunity. The second theme is the idea of the public responsibility of both governments and citizens to act against discrimination. The third theme con- cerns the views expressed by fair practices activists on the role to be played by law's coercive power, particularly the distinction they drew between prejudice and discrimination, and the emphasis they placed on conciliation as opposed to adjudication in the enforcement process. The fourth and final theme arises from the actual experience of using fair practices legislation to achieve social change. In the author's view, each of those themes raises ongoing questions about the enforcement of human rights statutes, and more generally about the potential of law as an instrument in the struggle against inequality.

A Scholar of Canada: A Tribute to Robert H. Babcock - See, Scott W. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article pays homage to the life and work of US historian Robert H. Babcock (1931-2014), a Canadian studies specialist who was known especially for his book, "Gompers in Canada."
Keywords: BABCOCK; Robert H.; Historians

Young Workers in Newfoundland and Labrador: Sinking, Swimming, or Treading Water? - Shaker, Erika (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2014)
Young people today in Canada face a reality vastly different from the one 20 or 30 years ago, economically and socially. This paper will examine how young workers are experiencing various changing realities such as: student debt, precarious employment (unemployment, under-employment, and unwaged work), reduced job security (including unionization), rising inequality, changing wealth/debt dynamics and, less quantifiably, diminished social cohesion and community connection as a result of growing insecurity. While this paper will examine the issue from a national perspective, it will also identify how some of these trends are being played out — or differ — in Newfoundland and Labrador.

Border as Method: Or, the Multiplication of Labor - Sharma, Nandita (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Border as Method: Or, the Multiplication of Labor," by Sandro Mezzadra and Brett Neilson.

Everybody's Business: Human Rights Enforcement and the Union's Duty to Accomodate Adjudicating Human Rights in the Workplace: After Ontario's Pinto Report, Where Do We Go Next - Shilton, Elizabeth (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
In this paper, the author argues that by imposing a duty to accommodate on unions in the Renaud case, the Supreme Court of Canada intended primarily to encourage unions to cooperate with employer efforts to accommodate, and did not seek to make unions co-liable for all discrimination embedded in collect- ive agreements. The Court's decision was ambiguous, however, and subsequent tribunals and courts have distorted its original intent by imposing joint (and sometimes sole) liability on unions for discrimination in situations in which they had no meaningful control over bargaining outcomes or no independent abil- ity to accommodate the claimant, or in which unions' representative role was not properly considered. Unions have largely avoided Renaud-based liability because, in the decades since that decision, workplace human rights claims have increasingly been dealt with through grievance arbitration (where unions are not vulnerable to co-liability claims) rather than before human rights tribunals. The author sees this as a generally positive development which permits human rights claims to be integrated with collective agreement claims and places pri- mary accountability for workplace discrimination on employers, who are best placed to remedy the discrimination. She acknowledges, however, that dealing with workplace discrimination at arbitration could create conflicts of interest, which may require reconsideration of some aspects of current procedure. She concludes that Renaud has largely done the job the Supreme Court intended, although it has done so by influencing union behaviour in arbitration rather than by making unions directly accountable for compliance with statutory human rights norms. She expresses continuing concern about Renaud's ambiguities and calls on the Supreme Court to clarify Renaud's message in light of modern conceptions of the duty to accommodate and the realities of workplace power distribution.

The War and its Shadow: Spain's Civil War in Europe's Long Twentieth Century - Shubert, Adrian (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "The War and its Shadow: Spain's Civil War in Europe's Long Twentieth Century," by Helen Graham.

Les Salariés de l'incertitude. Solidarité, reconnaissance et équilibre de vie au travail - Sibaud, Laetitia (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Les Salariés de l'incertitude. Solidarité, reconnaissance et équilibre de vie au travail, by Diane Bellemare, is reviewed.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Understanding Union Security and its Effects - Sinclair-Waters, Brynne (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2014)
Canadian labour law has ensured that all workers who benefit from collective agreements contribute to the cost of maintaining those agreements through union dues. Today the security of unions is under attack within Ontario, and elsewhere in Canada. This paper looks at how Conservative proposals, imported from the US, would threaten union security in Ontario by removing the Rand Formula requirement of mandatory dues payment, and allowing workers to opt out of the bargaining unit. The Rand Formula is a formula dating back to 1946 when a decision was made during an arbitration hearing by Justice Ivan Rand that union dues would be paid by all employees benefitting from the collective agreement, not just signed union members. This means the employer deducts the dues from all employee paychecks and then forwards those funds to the union. The Rand Formula prevents employees from benefitting from the work of the union, while not paying union dues.

"We didn't want to totally break the law": Industrial Legality, the Pepsi Strike, and Workers' Collective Rights in Canada - Smith, Charles W. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Canada’s system of industrial legality has routinely limited the collective abilities of workers to strike. Under the conditions of neoliberal globalization, those limitations have intensified. Yet, in 1997, the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union (RWDSU) in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, waged a successful strike against Pepsi-Cola Canada. In addition to defeating the company, the union also expanded workers’ collective rights through a successful constitutional challenge to restrictive common-law rules limiting secondary picketing. This paper examines the history of that strike, exploring the multifaceted strategies that the workers undertook to challenge the company, the state, and the existing law. It argues that workers were successful because they utilized tactics of civil disobedience to defend their abilities to picket. Recognizing that success, the paper is also critical of the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision and its evolution of common-law torts to limit workers’ collective action. The paper concludes by arguing that the Pepsi conflict highlights the importance of civil disobedience in building workers’ movements while emphasizing the inherent limitations of constitutional challenges to further workers’ collective freedoms in Canada.
Keywords: BEVERAGE industry – Employees – Labor unions; Canada; Industrial relations; LABOR laws & legislation; Labor movement; PEPSICO Inc.; Picketing; STRIKEBREAKERS; STRIKES & lockouts – History

An "Entirely Different" Kind of Union: The Service, Office, and Retail Workers' Union of Canada (SORWUC), 1972-1986 - Smith, Julia (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
In this article, I examine the Service, Office, and Retail Workers’ Union of Canada (SORWUC), an independent, grassroots, socialist-feminist union that organized workers in unorganized industries in Canada in the 1970s and 1980s. I look at SORWUC’s role in Canadian labour history in general, and its efforts to organize workers in the service industry in particular. My central thesis is that SORWUC’s socialist-feminist unionism and commitment to organizing unorganized workers positioned the union as radically different from the mainstream labour movement. This difference both helped and hindered the union. Specifically, SORWUC’s experiences organizing workers at Bimini pub and Muckamuck restaurant in British Columbia demonstrate that although its alternative structure and strategies aided organizing and strike efforts, these factors made little difference in the union’s dealings with the labour relations boards and the courts: in both cases, the action or inaction of the state ultimately determined the outcome. Although SORWUC no longer exists, it remains an important historical example of how workers in Canada have been and can be organized. SORWUC thus offers important lessons about service worker organizing, alternative forms of unionization, and the powerful role of the state in labour relations in the postwar period.
Keywords: BARS (Drinking establishments) – Employees; BRITISH Columbia – Politics & government – 20th century; Canada; Feminism; History; Industrial relations; Labor Unions; RESTAURANT employees – Labor unions; SERVICE industries workers – Labor unions; STRIKES & lockouts – Restaurants

Examining the Relationship Between Chronic Conditions, Multi-Morbidity and Labour Market Participation in Canada: 2000–2005 - Smith, Peter; Chen, Cynthia; Mustard, Cameron; Bielecky, Amber; Beaton, Dorcas; Ibrahim, Selahadin (Ageing and Society, 2014)
Relatively little attention has been paid to understanding and addressing the potential health-related barriers faced by older workers to stay at work. Using three representative samples from the Canadian Community Health Survey, we examined the relationship between seven physical chronic conditions and labour market participation in Canada between 2000 and 2005. We found that all conditions were associated with an increased probability of not being able to work due to health reasons. In our adjusted models, heart disease was associated with the greatest probability of not working due to health reasons. Arthritis was associated with the largest population attributable fraction. Other variables associated with not being able to work due to health reasons included older age, female gender and lower educational attainment. We also found particular combinations of chronic conditions (heart disease and diabetes; and arthritis and back pain) were associated with a greater risk than the separate effects of each condition independently. The results of this study demonstrate that chronic conditions are associated with labour market participation limitations to differing extents. Strategies to keep older workers in the labour market in Canada will need to address barriers to staying at work that result from the presence of chronic conditions, and particular combinations of conditions.
Keywords: arthritis; chronic conditions; epidemiology; heart disease; labour market participation

Academic Librarianship: The Quest for Rights and Recognition at the University of Toronto - Sonne de Torrens, Harriet (In Solidarity: Academic Librarian Labour Activism and Union Participation in Canada, 2014)
"[D]escribes the early history of librarianship at the University of Toronto, including the evolution of library education and the fight for recognition and status of librarians." – Editors' introduction.
Keywords: Academic librarians; Canada; Collective bargaining; Faculty status; Labor Unions; Librarians' unions; Library employees

An Environmental History of Canada - Sowards, Adam M. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews the book, "An Environmental History of Canada," by Laurel Sefton MacDowell.
Keywords: Canada; ENVIRONMENTAL History of Canada; An (Book); History; Human ecology; MACDOWELL; Laurel Sefton; Nonfiction

Connecting Canadians and Others - Spencer, David R. (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "Connecting Canadians: Investigations in Community Informatics," edited by Andrew Clement, Michael Gurstein, Graham Longford, Marita Moll, and Leslie Regan Shade; "Alternative Media in Canada," edited by Kirsten Kozolanka, Patricia Mazepa, and David Skinner; "Public Engagement and Emerging Technologies," edited by Kieran O’Doherty and Edna Einsiedel; and "Networks Of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age," by Manuel Castells.
Keywords: CASTELLS; Manuel; 1942-; CLEMENT; Andrew; CONNECTING Canadians: Investigations in Community Informatics (Book); EINSIEDEL; Edna; GURSTEIN; Michael; LONGFORD; Graham; MOLL; Marita; NETWORKS of Outrage & Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age (Book); Nonfiction; O'DOHERTY; Kieran; PUBLIC Engagement & Emerging Technologies (Book); SHADE; Leslie Regan

Why Unions Matter - Sran, Garry; Clancy, James; Fudge, Derek; Lynk, Michael (Unions Matter: Advancing Democracy, Economic Equality, and Social Justice, 2014)
[Provides] a review of Canadian and international research that affirms the critical role that labour rights and unions play in reducing income inequality, promoting the social well-being of all citizens, and advancing democracy within nations. –Introduction
Keywords: Canada; Canadian Foundation for Labour Rights; Democracy; Employee rights; Equality; Labor movement; Labor unions; Social aspects; Social justice

Articuler emploi et famille : le rôle du soutien organisationnel au coeur de trois professions - St-Onge, Sylvie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
Book review of: Articuler emploi et famille : le rôle du soutien organisationnel au coeur de trois professions by Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

The Making of a Labour Activist: James W. Orr, Saint John, New Brunswick, 1936-2009 - Stairs, Ryan (University of New Brunswick, 2014)
James W. Orr (1936-2009) was one of a number of rank-and-file labour militants in the city of Saint John, New Brunswick who bore witness to, and had some hand in, a number of upheavals in the local labour movement. Growing up in a working-class neighborhood in west Saint John, he came of age at the time of the momentous Canadian Seamen’s Union strike of 1949, which had a permanent impact on his outlook. Leaving school at sixteen to work for the Canadian Pacific Railway, he then joined the navy before going on to become a lifelong union man on the docks. As a member of Local 1764, International Longshoremen’s Association, he helped lead the 1974 strike against the Maritime Employers’ Association. He was one of the organizers of the 1976 Saint John General Strike on 14 October against the federal government’s wage controls. Orr was also a key organizer of the 1979 NO CANDU campaign that closed the port in support of civil rights for workers in Argentina. Within the ILA, he helped open union membership for non-union workers on the docks, an effort that cost him his position as a union officer; however, the influx of new blood rejuvenated the ILA and reoriented it in the direction of social unionism. Local 273 went on to replace the archaic shape-up system with a dispatch system while also struggling against the bureaucracy of the international union and for the autonomy of Canadian locals. The object of this study is to rescue Jimmy, or “the Bear” as he was affectionately called, from what the influential social historian E.J. Hobsbawm describes as “the anonymity of the local militant.” This study relies heavily upon oral history, including two interviews completed before Orr’s death, and his personal papers deposited at the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick.

Climate@Work - Stevis, Dimitris (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Climate@Work," edited by Carla Lipsig-Mummé.

The Relationship Between a Strategic Approach to Quality and Employee Happiness - Stoehr, A. (University of the West of England, Bristol, 2014)
This research explores the relationship between a strategic approach to quality management in Canadian organizations and employee measures of happiness. In particular, it investigates how a strategic approach to quality management impacts on employee satisfaction, engagement, and morale. Understanding the relationships between a strategic approach to quality management and employee measures of happiness helps companies, policy-makers, and academia. Companies can use the conclusions to decide on the value of a quality management system as it relates to employees. The findings provide answers to employees, management, and labour unions that need to understand the impact a strategic approach to quality will have on them. Policy-makers can use the findings to set the agenda for closing Canada’s productivity gap. Knowledge of this research can support policy-maker decisions to simplify the process for implementing a strategic approach to quality, realizing the benefits for participating organizations and employees at those organizations. This research helps academia fill two major gaps in the literature: First, the impact that the implementation of a strategic quality approach has on employee happiness (namely satisfaction, engagement, and morale). The second is the focus on Canadian organizations. There are relatively few studies that investigate a strategic approach to quality that focus on Canadian companies. Much of the research related to strategic quality employs data from American, Asian, Australian, and European organizations whereas this research uses data from exclusively Canadian organizations. This is the only academic research (to the knowledge of the researcher) that uses original Canada Awards for Excellence recipient results to draw conclusions. In this research, organizations with a strategic approach to quality (Canada Awards for Excellence recipients) are compared with similar size organizations with no defined approach to quality (non-winners). A 66-question survey was used with 591 respondents representing 58.68% response rate from 12 Canadian organizations. The participating organizations were a mix of small and medium size organizations ranging in size from 5 employees to 400 employees in both the service and manufacturing sectors. The survey respondents included 315 from Canada Award for Excellence winners and 276 from non-winners. Of the 12 organizations studied, five are Canada Award for Excellence winners and seven of them are non-winners. The research provides evidence that organizations taking a strategic approach to quality have a positive impact on the employees of that organization. The research has found significant connections between an organization’s level of strategic quality and the effect on employees in terms of morale, engagement, and satisfaction. The survey alongside focus group analysis shows that there is a clear relationship between strategic quality and employee measures of happiness. The findings indicate that the impact of implementing quality is positive and results in benefits for both the organization as a whole and the individual employee. Significant differences are noted between Canada Award for Excellence winners and non-winners.

Clearing the Plains: Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life - Storey, Kenton (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Clearing the Plains: Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life," by James Daschuk.

Limiting Identities: The Conservative Attack on History and Feminist Claims for Equality - Strong-Boag, Veronica (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Critiques the Conservative Party's attack on evidence-based research and the teaching of Canadian history as part of a broader, neoliberal assault on equality, including feminism, environmental protection, and minority rights.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CIVIL society; CONSERVATIVE Party of Canada (2003- ); Canada; Conservatism; FEMINISM & history; Historiography; Patriarchy

Captains of Industry Crewing the Ship of State: Dollar-a-Year Men and Industrial Mobilization in WWII Canada, 1939-1942 - Stuart, Jeremy (University of Calgary, 2014)
[E]xamines the role and influence of Canadian manufacturers and executives working for the Canadian government, known as the dollar-a-year men, in mobilizing the Canadian economy for war production. Based chiefly on primary source research this thesis examines contracting methods, the bureaucratic structure of the Department of Munitions and Supply, and the degree to which the Department reacted to events. This thesis demonstrates that the dollar-a-year men's strategy for industrial mobilization was initially focused on maximizing production at almost any cost, and only started focusing on cost efficiency in late 1942 and early 1943. It is also demonstrated that the current historiography is lacking and that C.D. Howe played a far different role than the historiography describes.
Keywords: Department of munitions and supply; Dollar-a-year men; Howe; C. D. (Clarence Decatur); 1886-1960

Health, Sustalnabllity, Food Sovereignty and the Future of Food and Farming: Critical Issues In Food Studies - Sumner, Jennifer (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "Foodopoly: The Battle over the Future of Food and Farming in America," by Wenonah Hauter; "Health and Sustainability in the Canadian Food System: Advocacy and Opportunity for Civil Society," edited by Rod MacRae and Elisabeth Abergel; and "Food Sovereignty in Canada: Creating Just and Sustainable Food Systems," edited by Hannah Wittman, Annette Aurélie Desmarais, and Nettie Wiebe.
Keywords: ABERGEL; Elisabeth; DESMARAIS; Annette Aurelie; FOOD Sovereignty in Canada: Creating Just & Sustainable Food Systems (Book); FOODOPOLY: The Battle Over the Future of Food & Farming in America (Book); HAUTER; Wenonah; HEALTH & Sustainability in the Canadian Food System: Advocacy & Opportunity for Civil Society (Book); MACRAE; Rod; Nonfiction; WIEBE; Nettie; WITTMAN; Hannah

Labour Rights and Union Strategies - Swartz, Donald (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
"Constitutional Labour Rights in Canada: Farm Workers and the Fraser Case," by Fay Faraday, Judy Fudge and Eric Tucker, is reviewed.
Keywords: Book reviews; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Farmworkers; Labor Unions; Labor relations; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Supreme Court decisions

Working-Class Anguish and Revolutionary Indignation: The Making of Radical and Socialist Unemployment Movements in Canada, 1875-1928 - Thompson, David (Queen's University, 2014)
Taking a telescopic view of the multifaceted struggles of the workless prior to Black Tuesday challenges the myopic picture of the Great Depression as the sudden, unexpected eruption of unemployment protest. Out of all proportion to their size and political strength, radical unemployment agitators between 1875-1928 proved to be vital protagonists in forcing relief measures, thrusting socialist values into public discourse and inspiring working-class resistance during economic crises and at times when the labour movement was at its weakest. This dissertation examines hundreds of unemployment protests in urban centres across Canada during the 1872-1896 long depression, and the economic slumps of 1907-1909, 1912-1915 and 1921-1926. These protests and the organizations of the workless challenged three distinct but overlapping stages in the evolution of the liberal-capitalist state: producer, progressive, and authoritarian. Although always vulnerable and contingent, the mobilized workless responded with innovation to the evolution of liberal capitalism and, by gravitating towards the developing socialist alternative, gained greater coherence and uniformity as they moved from the local and spontaneous “les Misérables” (1875-1896) to an ad hoc “Organized Mob” (1907-1915) to a militant and sporadically nationally-organized “Unemployed Army” (1919-1935). This study contends that the persistence of a moral economy, the strategies of disruption, and working-class anguish and indignation were key resources for the radical and socialist organizers of the unemployed. Sensitive to the ways in which a culture of whiteness and masculinity often precluded greater solidarity amongst the workless, this dissertation also traces the ways unemployed diaspora socialists, socialist feminists and their allies encouraged a more diverse and inclusive movement. Far from reactionary or apathetic, the mobilized unemployed were every bit as important to the vitality of the left as unions or political parties – their struggles were crucial elements in the development of Canada’s earliest socialist experiments. Similarly, Canadian social policy history is unintelligible without an acknowledgment of the fundamental role that unemployment movements played in wresting concessions from the liberal order and as disruptive agents in the shaping of the welfare state.

Travail et syndicalisme : origines, évolution et défis d'une action sociale - Thwaites, James D. (James Douglas) (Presses de l'Université Laval, 2014)
D’où vient le syndicalisme ? À quoi répond-il ? Quelles sont ses formes ? De quelle façon agit-il ? Quels sont ses effets ? Quels sont ses défis ? Comment évolue-t-il ? Les 42 textes qui composent cette anthologie proposent diverses réponses à ces interrogations. Les auteurs sélectionnés traitent des aspects les plus significatifs du syndicalisme d’hier, d’aujourd’hui et de demain. Ils représentent neuf disciplines et des positions variées. Le résultat est un foisonnement remarquable d’idées qui pousse à la réflexion, au questionnement et aux remises en cause relativement à ce phénomène qui a des effets multiples sur l’économie, la politique et la société et qui fêtera bientôt ses 200 ans en territoire canadien et québécois. –Résumé de l'éditeur
Keywords: Histoire; Mouvement ouvrier; Relations industrielles; Syndicalisme; Syndicats; Travailleurs

American Anarchism - Tomchuk, Travis (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "American Anarchism," by Steve J. Shone.

Shall Wagnerism Have No Dominion? - Tucker, Eric (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
The Wagner Act Model has formed the basis of Canada's collective bargaining regime since World War II but has come under intense scrutiny in recent years because of legislative weakening of collective bargaining rights, constitutional litigation defending collective bargaining rights and declining union density. This article examines and assesses these developments, arguing that legislatively we have not witnessed a wholesale attack on Wagnerism, but rather a selective weakening of some of its elements. In the courts, it briefly appeared as if the judiciary might constitutionalize meaningful labour rights and impede the erosion of Wagnerism, but recent judicial case law suggests the prospects for this outcome are fading. While the political defence of Wagnerism may be necessary when the alternatives to it are likely worse, holding on to what we've got will not reverse the long-term decline in union density. The article concludes that at present there are no legal solutions to the labour movement's problems and that innovative efforts to represent workers' collective interests outside of formal collective bargaining provide a more promising alternative.

Union Voices: Tactics and Tensions in UK Organizing by Melanie Simms, Jane Holgate, and Edmund Heery - Tufts, Steven (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Union Voices: Tactics and Tensions in UK Organizing," by Melanie Simms, Jane Holgate, and Edmund Heery.

Populist Unionism Confronts Austerity in Canada - Tufts, Steven; Thomas, Mark P. (Labor Studies Journal, 2014)
The 2008 financial crisis continues to have profound implications for workers worldwide, as governments have embarked on “austerity” programs and employers have confronted organized labor with concessionary demands, placing unions on the defensive. At the same time, populist movements have arisen across North America and Europe as increasing numbers of people grow disenchanted with government action and corporate incompetence. We examine the interplay among what we characterize as “uneven austerity,” union strategic capacities, and rising populism. At the intersection of these processes, we see elements of “populist unionism” as the labor movement confronts both austerity and declining union power. The article develops this concept through an examination of organized labor’s engagement with the Occupy movement in Toronto, Ontario, and the growth of the Christian Labour Association of Canada.
Keywords: Austerity; Canada; Christian Labour Association of Canada; Occupy; austerity; labor movements; populism

Canada and the Human Rights Framework: Historiographical Trends - Tunnicliffe, Jennifer (History Compass, 2014)
This article examines trends in Canadian human rights history, with a focus on three major themes that have guided the scholarship: challenges to the characterization of Canada as a historically tolerant nation; a study of how, when, and through what mechanisms human rights became an important project for Canadians; and a critical assessment of the historical effectiveness of the human rights movement in promoting equality within Canadian society. In assessing where this vibrant and growing field of study could expand in the future, the article also contextualizes the Canadian historiography in the international literature on the development of the global human rights framework.

The Quiet Librarian: Workplace Complaints and Collegiality - Vaisey, G. Douglas (In Solidarity: Academic Librarian Labour Activism and Union Participation in Canada, 2014)
"Provides an overview of the complaint and grievance process and librarians' experiences of grievance." – Editors' introduction.
Keywords: Academic librarians; Canada; Collective bargaining; Faculty status; Labor Unions; Librarians' unions; Library employees

Social Conflicts in the Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1975 - Varela, Raquel; Alcântara, Joana (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The Portuguese Revolution , the process popularly known as the "Carnation Revolution” that lasted from 25 April 1974 to 25 November 1975, took place against a backdrop of military humiliation in defeat by peasant guerilla movements in the Portuguese colonies of Guinea-Bissau, Angola and Mozambique. However, an analysis of four distinct types of social conflicts - strikes; demonstrations; occupations of factories, other workplaces, and public services; and occupations of vacant houses - suggests that class struggle within Portugal was the essential dynamic of the Revolution. Revolution came to Portugal through an active workers’ movement against fascism within the context of a global economic crisis. Working people had decided it was time for democratic change.
Keywords: 20th century; DEMONSTRATIONS (Collective behavior); FASCISM; History; LABOR movement – History; POLAND; POLITICAL purges; PORTUGAL; REVOLUTION; 1974; STRIKES & lockouts; Social conflict; WORKING class – Political activity

Les images et le cinéma observés sous l'angle du travail - Véronneau, Pierre (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "Images du travail, travail des images" edited by Jean-Paul Géhin et Hélène Stevens, and "Le travail, entre droit et cinéma," edited by Magalie Flores-Lonjou.
Keywords: FLORES-Lonjou; Magalie; GEHIN; Jean-Paul; IMAGES du travail; travail des images (Book); LE travail; entre droit et cinema (Book); MOTION picture industry – Law & legislation; Nonfiction; STEVENS; Helene; WORK in motion pictures

Eyes on Labor: News Photography and America's Working Class - Vettel-Becker, Patricia (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Eyes on Labor: News Photography and America's Working Class," by Carol Quirke.

Living and Working Precariously with an Episodic Disability: Barriers in the Canadian Context - Vick, Andrea (Canadian Journal of Disability Studies, 2014)
The organization of contemporary labour markets has radically altered the nature of work and its embodied or bodily performance. Changes from standard, permanent jobs to non-standard or precarious work arrangements have increasingly become the normative template for many workers, including persons with disabilities. Drawing on findings from 13 qualitative interviews associated with ‘Project EDGE,’ Episodic Disabilities in the Global Economy, I describe how Canadian workers with “episodic” or fluctuating disabilities experience and negotiate barriers to work within precarious work environments in Toronto, Ontario. Implications that consider the episodic dimension of disability for workforce participation and employment policy are considered.
Keywords: Accommodation; Barriers; Discrimination; Episodic Disability; Precarious Employment; Recommendations

Learning in Struggle: Argentina's New Worker Cooperatives as Transformative Learning Organizations - Vieta, Marcelo (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
This article delves into the nexus between workers' conversions of troubled firms in Argentina into worker cooperatives (empreseas recuperadas por sus trabajadores, or ERTs), the processes of learning new cooperative skills and values through struggle, and the subsequent transformations of communities. To do so, the study deploys research findings from workplace ethnographies and in-depth interviews at four ERT case studies. The article shows how transformations of employees to self-managed workers; troubled firms into worker cooperatives; and the social, cultural, and economic revitalization of communities catalyzed by ERTs are rooted simultaneously in inter-cooperative and intra-cooperative informal learning dynamics. A theoretical framework combining class-struggle analysis and workplace and social action learning approaches helps clarify how this informal "learning in struggle" ultimately makes ERTs transformative learning organizations for workers, organizations, and communities.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; Models; Organizational learning; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies; Work environment; Workers

Tenuously Unionised: Temporary Migrant Workers and the Limits of Formal Mechanisms Designed to Promote Collective Bargaining in British Columbia - Vosko, Leah F. (Industrial Law Journal, 2014)
Temporary migrant work is a central feature of labour markets in many host states, and an increasing cause of concern for its potential impacts on workers’ rights and protections. In Canada, as elsewhere, policymakers utilise it as a regulatory device to lower labour standards. In this context, workers labouring transnationally are turning to unions for assistance. Yet they are confronting obstacles to securing access to their labour rights through representation. This article analyses one example involving a group of temporary migrant agricultural workers engaged seasonally on a British Columbian (BC) farm under Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) seeking union representation. It considers the question, confronting courts and tribunals in host states across the OECD, of meaningful access to collective bargaining for temporary migrant workers. Focussing on how the BC Labour Relations Board determines an appropriate bargaining unit, the inquiry demonstrates that temporary migrant workers are ill-served by mechanisms aimed at promoting collective bargaining. Although the union involved in the case secured a certification, the outcome was tenuous unionisation. The resulting collective agreement contained provisions augmenting workers’ job security by facilitating their circular movement between the sending and host state. However, the structure of the SAWP, which reinforces workers’ deportability, together with the limits of the prevailing regime of collective bargaining in BC, modelled on the US Wagner Act, contributed to a certification that was weakly institutionalised and underscored labour law’s subsidiarity to legal frameworks governing work across borders.

Liberating Temporariness? Migration, Work, and Citizenship in an Age of Insecurity - Vosko, Leah F.; Preston, Valerie; Latham, Robert (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2014)
[E]xplores the complex ways in which temporariness is being institutionalized as a condition of life for a growing number of people worldwide. The collection emphasizes contemporary developments, but also provides historical context on nation-state membership as the fundamental means for accessing rights in an era of expanding temporariness - in recognition of why pathways to permanence remain so compelling. Through empirical and theoretical analysis, contributors explore various dimensions of temporariness, especially as it relates to the legal status of migrants and refugees, to the spread of precarious employment, and to limitations on social rights. While the focus is on Canada, a number of chapters investigate and contrast developments in Canada with those in Europe as well as Australia and the United States. Together, these essays reveal changing and enduring temporariness at local, regional, national, transnational, and global levels, and in different domains, such as health care, language programs, and security. The question at the heart of this collection is whether temporariness can be liberated from current constraints. While not denying the desirability of permanence for migrants and labourers, "Liberating Temporariness?" presents alternative possibilities of security and liberation. –Publisher's description, Contents: Introduction: Liberating Temporariness? Imagining Alternatives to Permanence as a Pathway for Social Inclusion / Robert Latham, Leah F. Vosko, Valerie Preston, and Melisa Bretón. Part 1: Security, Temporary Status, and Rights. Rethinking Canadian Citizenship: The Politics of Social Exclusion in the Age of Security and Suppression / Yasmeen Abu-Laban – Permanent Patriots and Temporary Predators? Post-9/11 Institutionalization of the Arab/Orientalized “Other” in the United States and the Contributions of Arendt and Said / Abigail B. Bakan – Indefinitely Pending: Security Certificates and Permanent Temporariness / Mike Larsen. Part 2: International Organizations and Transnational Dynamics of Temporary Work. Managed Migration and the Temporary Labour Fix / Christina Gabriel – Institutionalizing Temporary Labour Migration in Europe: Creating an “In-between”’ Migration Status / Tesseltje de Lange and Sarah van Walsu – The Permanence of Temporary Labour Mobility: Migrant Worker Programs across Australia, Canada, and New Zealand / Emily Gilbert. Part 3: Temporary Status, Social Welfare, and Marginalization. Brain Circulation or Precarious Labour? Conceptualizing Temporariness in the United Kingdom’s National Health Service / Parvati Raghuram – Language Training and Labour Market Integration for Newcomers to Canada / Eve Haque – Resituating Temporariness as the Precarity and Conditionality of Non-citizenship / Luin Goldring – Constructing and “Liberating” Temporariness in the Canadian Non-profit Sector: Neoliberalism and Non-profit Service Providers / John Shields. Part 4: (Re)Framing Temporariness. Mexican Migrant Transnationalism and Imaginaries of Temporary/Permanent Belonging / Marianne H. Marchand – Temporariness: Other than Permanence, and in the Lives of People - Always… / Deepa Rajkumar – Temporal Orders, Re-collective Justice, and the Making of Untimely States / Robert Latham.
Book available at Internet Archive to people with print disabilities: https://archive.org/details/liberatingtempor0000unse
Keywords: Canada; Foreign workers; Social conditions

Confronting the Employment Standards Enforcement Gap: Exploring the Potential for Union Engagement with Employment Law in Ontario, Canada - Vosko, Leah F.; Thomas, Mark P. (Journal of Industrial Relations, 2014)
Employment standards (ES) are legislated standards that set minimum terms and conditions of employment in areas such as wages, working time, vacations and leaves, and termination and severance. In Canada, the majority of workers rely on ES for basic regulatory protection; however, a significant ‘enforcement gap’ exists. In the province of Ontario, this enforcement gap has been exacerbated in recent years due to the deregulation of ES through inadequate funding, workplace restructuring, legislative reforms that place greater emphasis on individualized complaints processes and voluntary compliance, and a formal separation of unions from ES enforcement. The implications of these developments are that, increasingly, those in precarious jobs, many of whom lack union representation, are left with insufficient regulatory protection from employer non-compliance, further heightening their insecurity. Taking the province of Ontario as our focus, in this article we critically examine alternative proposals for ES enforcement, placing our attention on those that enhance the involvement of unions in addressing ES violations. Through this analysis, we suggest that augmenting unions’ supportive roles in ES enforcement holds the potential to enhance unions’ regulatory function and offers a possible means to support the ongoing efforts of other workers’ organizations to improve employer compliance with ES.
Keywords: Canada; Unions; employment standards; enforcement; non-unionized workers’ organizations

La surqualification au Québec et au Canada - Vultur, Mircea (Presses de l'Université Laval, 2014)
La surqualification, définie comme la situation qui caractérise un individu dont le niveau de formation dépasse celui qui est normalement requis pour l’emploi occupé, a subi une forte tendance à la hausse au cours des vingt dernières années. Au Québec et au Canada, elle touche un tiers des travailleurs, surtout les plus jeunes. Ce phénomène, qui témoigne de l’incapacité du marché du travail à offrir à un grand nombre de personnes des emplois qui correspondent à leurs qualifications, est devenu pour tous les acteurs de la vie économique et sociale un enjeu de premier ordre. Ce livre présente un ensemble d’études récentes sur la surqualification. Son objectif est de mesurer l’étendue du phénomène du point de vue statistique et de mettre en relief les facteurs qui interviennent dans sa genèse et son développement. L’ouvrage évalue plusieurs approches et modèles analytiques et présente des résultats de recherches qui utilisent diverses bases de données. Il offre un portrait détaillé de la surqualification au Québec et au Canada. De manière plus fondamentale, il soulève la question de la valeur des diplômes sur le marché du travail et suggère des pistes de réflexion pour atteindre l’adéquation entre la formation de la main-d’œuvre et le profil des emplois. –Publisher's description
https://www.pulaval.com/livres/la-surqualification-au-quebec-et-au-canada OCLC: 872511067
Keywords: Canada; Canada Conditions économiques 1991-; Canada Economic conditions 1991-; Diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur Travail Canada; Economic history; Livres numériques; Québec; Québec (Province); Québec (Province) Economic conditions 1991-; Recueil de contributions (Descripteur de forme); Since 1991; Sous-emploi; Sous-emploi Canada; Sous-emploi Canada Québec (Canada; province) Statistiques; Sous-emploi Canada Statistiques; Sous-emploi Québec (Province); Sous-emploi Québec (Province) Statistiques; Statistics; Statistiques (Descripteur de forme); Underemployment; Underemployment Canada; Underemployment Canada Statistics; Underemployment Québec (Province); Underemployment Québec (Province) Statistics; e-books

"A Seemingly Incongruous Alliance": Trotskylsts and Teamsters in 1934 - Wald, Alan (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments extensively on the book, "Revolutionary Teamsters: The Minneapolis Teamsters Strikes of 1934," by Bryan D. Palmer.
Keywords: History; INTERNATIONAL Brotherhood of Teamsters; MINNEAPOLIS (Minn.); Nonfiction; PALMER; Bryan D.; REVOLUTIONARY Teamsters: The Minneapolis Truckers' Strikes of 1934 (Book)

Having It All: Women, Work, Family, and the Academic Career - Ward, Kelly (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "Academic Motherhood in a Post-Second Wave Context: Challenges, Strategies, and Possibilities," edited by D. Lynn O’Brien Hallstein and Andrea O’Reilly; and "Academic Careers and the Gender Gap," by Maureen Baker.
Keywords: ACADEMIC Careers & the Gender Gap (Book); ACADEMIC Motherhood in a Post-Second Wave Context: Challenges; Strategies & Possibilities (Book); BAKER; Maureen; HALLSTEIN; D. Lynn O'Brien; Nonfiction; O'REILLY; Andrea

The Conservative Assault on Parliamentary Government - Weinstock, Daniel (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Argues that Prime Minister Stephen Harper's exercise of political power falls outside of parliamentary and constitutional norms, such as the repeated use of omnibus bills, prerogation of Parliament, and closure of debates.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CANADA. Parliament; CHECKS & balances (Political science); CONSERVATIVE Party of Canada (2003- ); HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; POWER (Social sciences); TRADITION (Philosophy)

Sustaining Precarious Transnational Families: The Significance of Remittances from Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program - Wells, Don; McLaughlin, Janet; Lyn, André; Díaz Mendiburo, Aaraón (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2014)
Accelerating flows of remittances are dwarfing global development aid. This study deepens our understanding of remittance impacts on the families of workers who come to Canada annually for several months under the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Interviews with SAWP workers, their spouses, adult children and teachers in Mexico deepen our understanding of the impacts of these remittances. They demonstrate that the remittances are often literally a lifeline to transnational family survival, allowing them to pay for basic needs such as shelter, food, and medical care. Yet, at the same time, the remittances do not allow most of these workers and their families to escape deep poverty and significant precarity, including new forms of precarity generated by the SAWP. Instead, SAWP remittances help reduce poverty, at least temporarily, to more moderate levels while precarious poverty expands through global neoliberal underdevelopment.

Librarians as Faculty Association Participants: An Autoethnography - Wheeler, Justine; Graebner, Carla; Skelton, Michael; Patterson, Margaret (Peggy) (In Solidarity: Academic Librarian Labour Activism and Union Participation in Canada, 2014)
"[U]ses autoethnography to convey the experience of librarians participating in faculty associations, providing a compelling narrative of the impact on the participants and the communities they represent." – Editors' introduction.
Keywords: Academic librarians; Canada; Collective bargaining; Faculty status; Labor Unions; Librarians' unions; Library employees

Harper's History: Does the Right Hand Know What the Other Right Hand is Doing? - Whitaker, Reginald (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
Argues that there is an underlying narrative incoherence in the Conservative government of Stephen Harper's use of history for partisan ends. Examines the government's reaction to traditional liberal interpretations of Canadian history and national identity.
Keywords: CANADA – Politics & government – 1980-; CONSERVATIVE Party of Canada (2003- ); Canada; HARPER; Stephen; 1959-; HISTORY & politics; Historiography; History; NATIONAL characteristics; Canadian; QUEBEC (Province) – Politics & government – 1960-; United States; WAR of 1812

Detroit's Cold War: The Origins of Postwar Conservatism - Wigderson, Seth (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Detroit's Cold War: The Origins of Postwar Conservatism," by Colleen Doody.

Masculinity, Medicine and Mechanization: The Construction of Occupational Health in Northern Ontario - Wilde, Terence Peter (York University, 2014)
This dissertation examines workplace issues and events that shaped men’s health, and the healthcare services in support of them, in northern Ontario’s resource extraction industries. Between 1890 and 1925 there were important transformations in the hardrock mining sector including: technological innovations and refinements of the materials and devices used to extract ores; the healthcare mandated and legislatively prescribed but challenging to deliver to frontier workspaces; and how the complex interactions of the men, their work, their communities, wartime demands and collective bargaining combined to construct new definitions of masculinity. Using quantitative data from the Ontario Bureau of Mines on the numbers of annual accidents and fatalities, a clearer understanding emerges that reveals how workingmen’s bodies were understood over time. Together with newspaper accounts, the reports of coroners’ juries, personal papers, doctors’ memoirs and popular histories, the role of work and workplace conditions clarifies how health was managed or how it suffered as the exploitation of the provinces natural resources began in earnest. The impact of World War One caused a wholesale change in the scale and importance of the mines and the men that worked them. This was seen in their solidarity, strength and successful strike immediately after the war and in fewer accidents and fatalities. The pace of change, however, faded in the post-war era. The gains that were made were kept and men’s health and safety never again saw the alarming losses as those enumerated here.

Revisiting the Career Anchor Model: A Proposition and an Empirical Investigation of a New Model of Career Value Structure - Wils, Thierry; Wils, Laura; Tremblay, Michel (Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
In contrast with Schein's theory, which presumes a single dominant career anchor, this study proposes an original model based on a career value structure that could explain why some individuals have several dominant career anchors. Career values, which are organized according a circular logic, are grouped into four large clusters of values which are opposed by pairs: bureaucratic self-concept opposed to the protean self-concept and careerist self-concept opposed to social self-concept. Using a new career value inventory, the model was tested on a sample of 240 employees and 155 managers in a health care organization. Construct validity was demonstrated by linking career values with career anchors, proactivity and collectivism. For instance, of the four career self-concepts, only the careerist self-concept is significantly related to the managerial competence.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Careers; Cluster analysis; Collectivism; Employees; Health care industry; Labor Unions; Studies

Anthracite Labor Wars: Tenancy, Italians, and Organized Crime in the Northern Coalfield of Northeastern Pennsylvania 1897-1959 - Witwer, David (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Anthracite Labor Wars: Tenancy, Italians, and Organized Crime in the Northern Coalfield of Northeastern Pennsylvania 1897-1959," by Robert P. Wolensky and William A. Hastie, Sr.

Languages of the Unheard: Why Militant Protest is Good - Wood, Lesley (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
This article reviews the book, "Languages of the Unheard: Why Militant Protest is Good," by Stephen D'Arcy.

Implementing the New Ontario Human Rights Code: A Tribunal Perspective Adjudicating Human Rights in the Workplace: After Ontario's Pinto Report, Where Do We Go Next - Wright, David A. (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2014)
Since the 2008 revisions to the Ontario Human Rights Code, the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO) has been responsible for providing fair, accessible, effective and timely resolution of human rights complaints. The author, formerly vice-chair of the HRTO, reviews the implementation and oper- ation of that system over its first five years, highlighting key challenges and the HRTO's responses to them. The author describes the principal stages of the current HRTO process, including applications and responses, mediation, and the hearing on the merits. He also outlines the ongoing restructuring of Ontario's administrative justice system into clusters, the development of a sum- mary hearings procedure, the use of litigation guardians, and efforts to control misuse of the system by vexatious litigants. In his view, the figures to date show progress in the areas of access to justice and efficient caseload management, but much remains to be done. Budget pressures make it difficult to fund such resource-heavy initiatives as active review of files, early case management, and the refining of the HRTO's processes to make them more accessible to appli- cants. The experience of the HRTO since 2008 can offer significant guidance in the design offuture direct access systems in human rights and other areas of administrative justice.

Howard Zinn, The People's Historian - Wright, Donald (Labour / Le Travail, 2014)
The article reviews and comments on the books, "Howard Zinn: A Life on the Left," by Martin Duberman; "The Indispensable Zinn: The Essential Writings of the 'People’s Historian'" by edited by Timothy McCarthy; and"Agitation with a Smile: Howard Zinn’s Legacies and the Future of Activism," edited by Stephen Bird, Adam Silver, and Joshua C. Yesnowitz.
Keywords: AGITATION With a Smile: Howard Zinn's Legacies & the Future of Activism (Book); BIRD; Stephen; DUBERMAN; Martin B.; 1930-; HOWARD Zinn: A Life on the Left (Book); INDISPENSABLE Zinn: The Essential Writings of the People's Historian; The (Book); MCCARTHY; Timothy; Nonfiction; SILVER; Adam; YESNOWITZ; Joshua C.

Income Inequality in Canada: History and Trends - Yalnizyan, Armine (Unions Matter: Advancing Democracy, Economic Equality, and Social Justice, 2014)
[Reviews] the history and trends of income inequality in Canada, examining how a growing gap between the rich and the rest of us continues to drive today's political and economic processes, including volatile stock markets, troubled housing markets, and a newly escalated attack on labour that paints unions as yesterday's answer to yesterday's problems. –Introduction
Keywords: Canada; Canadian Foundation for Labour Rights; Democracy; Employee rights; Equality; Labor movement; Labor unions; Social aspects; Social justice

Quand travailler enferme dans la pauvreté et la précarité: travailleuses et travailleurs pauvres au Québec et dans le monde - Yerochewski, Carole (Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2014)
Travailler ne met plus à l’abri de la pauvreté et peut enfermer dans la précarité. Car la société salariale est affaiblie par les transformations des interventions entrepreneuriales et étatiques. De plus en plus de travailleurs et, surtout, de travailleuses n’ont plus accès aux protections collectives et sociales qui leur donnaient un appui pour mener des projets professionnels et de vie. L’heure est à la remarchandisation du travail. Pour étayer le phénomène de la pauvreté en emploi et en mesurer l’ampleur au Québec, l’ouvrage propose de nouvelles constructions statistiques qui reposent sur une définition extensive de la notion de travailleur. Le choix de cette définition – définition qui s’accorde avec le caractère multidimensionnel de la pauvreté en emploi – se trouve justifié par les travaux de recherche menés par les membres du Groupe interuniversitaire et interdisciplinaire de recherche sur l’emploi, la pauvreté et la protection sociale (GIREPS). L’ouvrage met en lumière les différents facteurs de développement des formes d’emploi qui enferment dans la pauvreté et la précarité des travailleuses et travailleurs canadiens, résidents ou immigrants temporaires rendus vulnérables par leur position sociale. Il porte un regard à la fois sur les mutations du travail et de l’emploi, sur les transformations des États-providence et sur leur rôle dans l’informalisation du travail et de l’économie, sur les modalités de gestion de la main-d’œuvre par les entreprises ainsi que sur la réactualisation des rapports sociaux de classe, de genre et de race. Il montre que la forte remontée des inégalités socioéconomiques ne résulte d’aucun déterminisme, mais de l’absence ou de la remise en cause des protections légales ou collectives. Il expose comment le retour de la pauvreté en emploi s’inscrit dans la mise en concurrence des travailleurs à l’échelle planétaire. Il se conclut, enfin, sur les formes d’action collective qui interpellent les formes institutionnalisées et nourrissent de nouvelles aspirations et revendications possiblement communes. –Résumé de l'éditeur
https://www.puq.ca/catalogue/livres/quand-travailler-enferme-dans-pauvrete-precarite-2714.html OCLC: 878183400
Keywords: Precarious employment; Precarious employment Québec (Province); Québec; Québec (Province); Travail précaire; Travail précaire Québec (Canada; province); Travail précaire Québec (Province); Travailleur pauvre; Travailleurs pauvres; Travailleurs pauvres Québec (Canada; province); Travailleurs pauvres Québec (Province); Working poor; Working poor Québec (Province)

Comparative Perspectives Database - Gender & Work Database - York University. Department of Politics; Vosko, Leah F. (2014)
The Comparative Perspectives on Precarious Employment Database (CPD) brings together a library of relevant sources, unique user-friendly statistical tables, and a thesaurus of concepts – designed to facilitate research on labour market insecurity in a comparative industrialized context. Users can analyze multidimensional tables to explore and compare the contours of precarious employment in thirty-three countries, including Australia, Canada, the United States, twenty-seven European Union (EU) member countries and three non-European Union member countries. ...The introduction provides basic information on the CPD’s conceptual approach to precarious employment in a comparative perspective, an explanation of CPD methodology, and an outline of the design principles behind the creation of harmonized variables used in the statistical tables. These principles are further developed and demonstrated in three interactive modules: forms of precarious employment, temporal and spatial dynamics, and health and social care. –Website description
https://www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca/results-resultats/prizes-prix/2019/insight_vosko-eng.aspx

Organizational Contexts for Union Renewal - Yu, Kyoung-Hee (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2014)
There is both a lack of theoretical development as well as detailed empirical evidence on the organizational contexts that foster union renewal. Scholars have argued that the integration of social identities into unions and sustained 'lay' participation are key to renewal. This article seeks to identify organizational structures and processes that contribute to incorporating immigrant identities and fostering democratic participation in unions. Empirical analysis is based on ethnographic observations conducted in four local branches within the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) of the USA that underwent the Justice for Janitors campaign. The approach taken treats union renewal as a complex and non-linear process unfolding over time – in each city, the campaign entered the complex social structures of local unions, disrupting old processes and structures, and creating new ones. Despite the fact that all four local unions experienced external revitalization owing to the campaign, internal renewal was most successful in Los Angeles, least in Washington DC, and somewhat successful in Boston and Houston. The findings demonstrate the difficulty of achieving transformative change in unions, yet point to key organizational elements that may help achieve it.
Keywords: Aliens; Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; Organizational structure; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Social activism; Studies

According to Baba: A Collaborative Oral History of Sudbury's Ukrainian Community - Zembrzycki, Stacey (UBC Press, 2014)
Dreams of steady employment in the mining sector led thousands of Ukrainian immigrants to northern Ontario in the early 1900s. As a child, historian Stacey Zembrzycki listened to her baba’s stories about Sudbury’s small but polarized community and what it was like growing up ethnic during the Depression. According to Baba grew out of those stories, out of a granddaughter’s desire to capture the experiences of her grandparents’ generation on paper. Eighty-two interviews conducted by Stacey and her grandmother, Olga, laid the groundwork for this insightful and deeply personal social history of one of Canada’s most colourful ethnic communities. The interview process also brought to light the challenges of doing collaborative oral history with community members, particularly as Stacey lost authority to her baba, wrestled it back, and eventually came to share it, and as interviewees met questions with nostalgic reminiscences, subversive humour, or impenetrable silence. By providing a realistic glimpse into the hard work that goes into making communities partners in oral history research, this book provides a new paradigm for studying the politics of memory, one that recognizes that people are not passive recipients of their histories but rather counter and create narratives about the past by invoking alternative ways of remembering. –Publisher's description
Book available at Internet Archive to readers with print disabilities: https://archive.org/details/accordingtobabac0000zemb OCLC: 862781680
Keywords: Biographies; Canadiens d'origine ukrainienne Ontario Sudbury Biographies; Canadiens d'origine ukrainienne Ontario Sudbury Conditions sociales; Canadiens d'origine ukrainienne Ontario Sudbury Entretiens; Canadiens d'origine ukrainienne Ontario Sudbury Histoire; Histoire orale Ontario Sudbury; Interviews; Kanada Ontario Sudbury; Ontario Sudbury (Greater Sudbury); Ukrainare sociala förhållanden; Ukrainian Canadians Ontario Sudbury Biography; Ukrainian Canadians Ontario Sudbury History; Ukrainian Canadians Ontario Sudbury Interviews; Ukrainian Canadians Ontario Sudbury Social conditions; Ukrainians; Ukrainians Ontario Sudbury Biography; Ukrainians Ontario Sudbury Interviews; Ukrainians Ontario Sudbury Social conditions; Ukrainians Social conditions; Zembrzycki; Olga Entretiens; Zembrzycki; Olga Interviews; interviews

Living the Dream: Precarious Labour in the Live Music Industry - Zendel, Adam Michael (University of Toronto, 2014)
This thesis explores the precarious nature of backstage work within the live music industry. Live music is replacing recorded music as the economic core of the music industry. Live music is a unique sector, in that it is valued for its ephemerality. Given the ephemerality of concerts, new frameworks are required to understand technical and logistical production of live music. Labour arrangements in live music reflect sweeping trends in the labour market. Backstage workers are employed in flexible, contract and contingent arrangements leading to precarious livelihoods. This thesis argues that labour precaritization in the live music industry is part of an accumulation strategy by suggesting that employers exploit the affective, emotive and cathartic nature of live music to reduce wages and extract surplus from workers. Essentially, workers are willing to accept a psychic wage in lieu a living wage. This arrangement can be called `lifestyle labour' in that workers are willing to accept lifestyle components as part of their wage.
Accepted: 2015-05-22T16:10:05Z

In the Name of Liberalism: Pierre Trudeau, Organized Labour, and the Canadian Social Democratic Left, 1949-1959 - Aivalis, Christo (Canadian Historical Review, 2013)
This article examines Pierre Elliott Trudeau's relationship with labour and social democratic organizations, 1949-1959. Using historiographic works, reflections from contemporary historical figures, and Trudeau's archival fonds, this essay demonstrates that his connections to labour and the left were motivated by his desire to enrich liberal democracy in both Quebec and Canada. Supporting labour unions and the provincial/federal Cooperative Commonwealth Federation during the early 1950s was imperative, as labour was a force for change and democratic renewal, and the CCF was the party with the strongest commitment to popular democracy, especially when contrasted with a Liberal Party and Union Nationale, which were dominated by regressive and financial interests. Using various theoretical approaches, including Ian McKay's Liberal Order Framework and Antonio Gramsci's concept of "trasformismo," I seek to show how Trudeau's leftist forays were informed by the desire to transform liberalism and capitalism in such a way that maintained their essences while inoculating them from their core flaws. This process of liberal transformation and hegemony is further emphasized in the later stages of the 1950s, as Trudeau began to reject social democratic and labour parties, arguing that they put their goals aside and join forces with liberals to fight for democracy first.
Keywords: Antonio Gramsci; Capitalism; Cooperative Commonwealth Federation; DEMOCRACY – Canada; LABOR unions – Canada – History; Liberal Order Framework; Liberalism; Pierre Elliott Trudeau; Quebec labour; SOCIAL democracy; TRUDEAU; Pierre Elliott; 1919-2000; ordre libéral; syndicalisme québécois

Leased Labour and the Erosion of Workers' Protection: The Boundaries of the Regulation of Temporary Employment Agencies in Québec - Bernstein, Stéphanie; Vallée, Guylaine (Temporary Work, Agencies and Unfree Labour: Insecurity in the New World of Work, 2013)
Considers the current regulatory environment for temporary employment workers in Quebec. Concludes that the legislative failure to regulate has resulted in abusive practices that undermine labour law.
Keywords: Employment agencies; Job security; Labor market; Temporary employment

Placing Filipino Caregivers in Canadian Homes: Regulating Transnational Employment Agencies in British Columbia - Fudge, Judy; Parrott, Daniel (Temporary Work, Agencies and Unfree Labour: Insecurity in the New World of Work, 2013)
Compares the legal regimes of British Columbia and Manitoba for employment agencies that recruit women from the Philippines to work as caregivers in Canadian homes. Concludes that the Manitoba regulatory framework is much more effective in protecting caregivers from the abusive practices of these agencies.
Keywords: Employment agencies; Job security; Labor market; Temporary employment

The Limits of Voice: Are Workers Afraid to Express Their Health and Safety Rights? - Lewchuk, Wayne (Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 2013)
This article reconsiders the shift in Canada from an exclusively government-regulated occupational health and safety system to the Internal Responsibility System (IRS). The IRS gives workers rights, or “voice,” to manage, know about, and refuse unsafe working conditions. I present new evidence that worker voice and the IRS have weakened with the decline of unions and the rise of precarious employment. Survey data are analyzed from Ontario workers who rated the likelihood that raising a health and safety concern with their current employer would negatively affect their future employment. My analysis models how workers’ sex, race, unionization, sector, and degree of employment precarity affect their probability of exercising voice. Results of a logistic regression suggest the most precariously employed are the least likely to use voice. Consequently, I argue that the IRS should be supplemented with more external oversight in sectors where employment is most insecure.
Keywords: Industrial hygiene; Internal Responsibility system; Ministry of Labour; Ontario

It's More Than Poverty: Employment Precarity and Household Well-Being - Poverty and Employment Precarity in South Ontario Project (PEPSO); Lewchuk, Wayne (United Way Toronto/McMaster University, 2013)
[Examines] the prevalence of both precarious and stable employment in the labour market stretching from Hamilton in the west to Whitby in the east, and centred on the City of Toronto. [The report] expands the discussion of the social consequences of Canada’s polarizing income distribution by examining the effects of precarious employment on people’s lives. It explores how employment precarity and income together shape social outcomes. What makes this issue all the more important is our finding that barely 50% of people in our study are in jobs that are both permanent and full-time. –Website description. Contents: Background – Part 1: The rise of precarious employment – Part 2: The characteristics of the precariously employed – Part 3: Precarity and household well-being – Part 4: Precarity and the well-being of children – Part 5: Precarity and community connection – Part 6: Options for change – Appendix A: How we collected our data – Appendix B: Defining individuals in precarious employment – Appendix C: How we determined low, middle, and high household income brackets – Bibliography.
Keywords: Canada; Labour market; Ontario; Temporary employment

Problematizing Labour's Agency: Rescaling Collective Bargaining in British Columbia Pulp and Paper Mills - Sweeney, Brendan; Holmes, John (Antipode, 2013)
This paper focuses on the contradictory nature and sometimes unintended consequences of workers' efforts to defend particular communities against the ravages of capital restructuring. In the past decade, pattern collective bargaining in the highly unionized British Columbia pulp and paper industry has faced enormous strains due to intense industry restructuring. Our analysis focuses on the repercussions of actions taken by union locals in two British Columbia towns-Port Alice and Port Alberni-to try to secure the survival of their pulp and paper mills and, even in the case of Port Alice, the continued existence of the community. Our analysis resonates with recent debates surrounding worker agency as well as writing in the 1980s which addressed the often contradictory and problematic nature of workers' struggles to 'defend place'; writing largely neglected in more recent work in labour geography.
Keywords: British Columbia; CORPORATE reorganizations – Canada; Canada; Collective bargaining; LABOR unions – Canada; Labour geography; PAPER industry – British Columbia; PORT Alberni (B.C.); PORT Alice (B.C.); pulp and paper; scale

Abstracts, Volume 71 (Spring/Printemps 2013) (Labour / Le Travail, 2013)
English/French abstracts of articles in the Spring 2013 issue.

Abstracts, Volume 72 (Fall/Automne 2013) (Labour/Le Travail, 2013)
English/French abstracts of articles in the Fall 2013 issue.

Canadian Association for Work & Labour Studies = L’Association canadienne d’études du travail et du syndicalisme (CAWLS, 2013)
The Canadian Association for Work and Labour Studies (CAWLS) is an academic association for scholars interested in work, workers, and labour. –Website

Index — Volume 68 — 2013 (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2013)
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

Liste des appréciateurs – 2013 – List of Referees (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2013)
Keywords: SnR_publicationTitle_Relations industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T15:31:55.974Z

On the Move Partnership (2013)
Mobility for work is not new, but it is changing. Across the world a wide range of people are mobile for work – women and men, citizens and temporary foreign workers, new workers and those near retirement. From hours-long daily commutes, to travel that takes workers away from home for days, weeks, months and even years; from mobility within work (truck driving, shipping and others) to mobility to get to and from work; from cars and buses, to trains, ships and planes; from highly-paid top executive jobs, to minimum-wage service jobs; from natural resource dependent industry to natural wonder dependent tourism – the types of mobility are many and changing. The On the Move Partnership is a multi-year national scale research program with international links, investigating employment-related geographical mobility and its consequences for workers, families, employers, communities, and Canadian municipal, provincial and federal governments. –Website description

La vie professionnelle : âge, expérience et santé à l'épreuve des conditions de travail - Abouaissa, Siham (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2013)
La vie professionnelle : âge, expérience et santé à l’épreuve des conditions de travail, edited by Anne-Françoise Molinié, Corinne Gaudart and Valérie Pueyo, is reviewed.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

From Braceros to Pineros: Labour, Migration, and Changing Geographic and Social Landscapes in the United States - Acosta, Aidé (Labour / Le Travail, 2013)
The article reviews and comments on the books "They Saved the Crops: Labor, Landscape, and the Struggle Over Industrial Farming in Bracero-Era California," by Don Mitchell, "Braceros: Migrant Citizens and Transnational Subjects in the Postwar United States and Mexico," by Deborah Cohen, and "Pineros: Latino Labour and the Changing Face of Forestry in the Pacific Northwest," by Brinda Sarathy.
Keywords: BRACEROS: Migrant Citizens & Transnational Subjects in the Postwar United States & Mexico (Book); COHEN; Deborah; MITCHELL; Don; Nonfiction; PINEROS: Latino Labour & the Changing Face of Forestry in the Pacific Northwest (Book); SARATHY; Brinda; THEY Saved the Crops: Labor; Landscape & the Struggle Over Industrial Farming in Bracero-Era California (Book)

L’action syndicale à l’international vue du Sud : du global au local ou du local au global? - Adanhounme, Armel; Lévesque, Christian (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2013)
Ce texte propose une relecture du débat sur l’action syndicale à l’international entre la construction de coalitions globales et le développement de réseaux locaux. Il se base sur le récit des représentants syndicaux du secteur minier au Ghana et au Mexique. Les stratégies syndicales sont saisies sous les trois dimensions analytiques que sont les espaces de l’action syndicale à l’international, les modes d’interaction et le cadre de référence. L’objectif de l’article vise à comprendre comment les syndicats nationaux naviguent entre le local et le global, et les facteurs qui les poussent et les attirent vers les espaces transnationaux.Alors que les deux syndicats sont engagés dans un processus de renouvellement de leur action, leur stratégie transnationale diffère : les Ghanéens sont engagés dans le développement de nouvelles aptitudes et de nouveaux savoir-faire et les Mexicains dans la construction des coalitions. Ces constats suggèrent que l’action syndicale à l’international est fonction des contingences nationales. Primo, le syndicat ghanéen intervient surtout au niveau continental africain et privilégie le développement des compétences locales et nationales. De son côté, le syndicat mexicain est présent aussi bien au niveau continental nord-américain que transnational, notamment dans des campagnes de solidarité. Secundo, les Ghanéens entretiennent de faibles liens avec les autres syndicats. De l’autre, les Mexicains sont engagés dans un large répertoire d’action avec les syndicats nord-américains et les fédérations internationales. Tertio, les Ghanéens conçoivent leurs intérêts sur la base d’une forte identité clanique et définissent leur engagement international en termes de ressources. Pour leur part, les Mexicains bâtissent des coalitions transnationales sur la base d’une identité de classe.Allant au-delà de la dichotomie entre le local et le global, les stratégies syndicales à l’international sont socialement construites et localement enracinées. Elles s’expliquent par la dynamique de l’économie politique dans laquelle se trouvent insérés ces syndicats et les structures d’opportunité transnationale à leur portée.
Keywords: Ghana; Mexico; Mexique; México; coaliciones; coalitions; networks; redes; réseaux; sindicatos; syndicats; trade unions

Regulating Strikes in Essential (and Other) Services after the New Trilogy Prospects for Reform of Industrial Relations in the Ontario Broader Public Sector - Adell, Bernard (Autonomie collective et droit du travail. Mélanges en l’honneur du professeur Pierre Verge, 2013)
Labour relations statutes across Canada generally use one of three stand- ing models for regulating essential service strikes - the "unfettered strike," "designation" and "no-strike" models. An ad hoc variant of the unfettered strike and designation models - what the author calls the "instant back-to-work" model - has recently been used several times by the federal government to circumvent the designation model in the Canada Labour Code. After reviewing these models, the author moves to the question of whatforms of strike regulation might be held to infringe freedom of association in section 2(d) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and therefore to need justification under section 1 as a reasonable limit on that freedom. Pierre Verge, like Brian Langille, has argued that a constitutional right to strike should simply require governments to respect the common law freedom of employees to withdraw their services without incurring criminal or tort liability, in the absence of a section 1 justifi- cation for any infringement of that freedom. This approach, the author suggests, would require excessive recourse to section 1, and would be of value mainly to strategically placed employees because it would offer no protection against employer reprisals for strike action. In his view, a right to strike should instead be held to flow from the Charter-based right to collective bargaining adopted in B.C. Health and Fraser. This would leave legislatures with significant discretion to regulate industrial conflict, but would require that employees who are not allowed to strike must have access to a truly independent means of resolving col- lective bargaining disputes. To that end, the Supreme Court of Canada should reinstate the trial judgment in the Saskatchewan Federation of Labour case, which held (1) that the right to collective bargaining includes a limited right to strike; and (2) that this right was unjustifiably breached by a statute which gave the provincial government the unilateral right to designate those public sector employees who could not strike, and also denied those employees access to an alternative independent dispute resolution process.

Age Is Different: Revisiting the Contemporary Understanding of Age Discrimination in the Employment Setting - Alon-Shenker, Pnina (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2013)
The author argues that the current test for age discrimination in Canada, which is based on the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in R. v. Kapp and which requires that discrimination be motivated by or perpetuate stereotyping or prejudice, has led adjudicators to fail to come to grips with wrongful ageism in the workplace. The fact that everyone ages, and that distinctions based on age may in the past have benefitted the same people who are now harmed by those distinctions, has in the author's view been given too much weight, thereby making discrimination against senior workers too easy to justify. She proposes that the legal test for age discrimination should focus on wrongs done in the present, and should not take account of any past or future benefits which may be attributed to a distinction drawn on the basis of age. On the basis of what the author calls the Dignified Lives Approach, she argues that an age-based distinc- tion should be held to be discriminatory if it violates any of these five principles: people of all ages must be assessed on their merits, must be treated as equals, must have enough means to live lives of dignity, must be socially included, and must retain their autonomy. Using as examples four recent cases of alleged age-based discrimination in the employment context decided by Canadian courts and administrative tribunals, the author demonstrates how the Dignified Lives Approach would in her view be more sensitive to different types of age dis- crimination and would bring more just outcomes.

Age, Gender, and Work: Small Information Technology Firms in the New Economy - Anderson, Jennifer (Labour / Le Travail, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "Age, Gender, and Work: Small Information Technology Firms in the New Economy," edited by Julie Anne McMullin.
Keywords: AGE; Gender & Work: Small Information Technology Firms in the New Economy (Book); EQUALITY in the workplace; INFORMATION technology industry; MCMULLIN; Julie Ann; Nonfiction

Labour Law after Labour - Arthurs, Harry (The Idea of Labour, 2013)
Considerable evidence points to the diminished significance of ‘labour’ as an industrial and political movement, as a sociological descriptor, and as a distinct field of public policy. This prompts the question: what should labour law be for ‘after labour’? The question is especially timely in the context of what Daniel Rogers has called ‘the intellectual economy of catastrophe’. This Chapter explores three possible responses: that labour law should be viewed as a sub-field of constitutional and human rights law; that it should integrate workers into the structures of capitalism to ensure that they contribute to and benefit from its successes; and that it should maintain its historic function of mobilizing workers to defend their rights and interests, but should also encourage cooperation between workers’ organizations and other social movements. – From editors' introduction
OCLC: 5105486378

Partir pour la famille. Fécondité, grossesse et accouchement au Québec, 1900-1950. (French) - Baillargeon, Denyse (Labour / Le Travail, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "Partir pour la famille. Fécondité, grossesse et accouchement au Québec, 1900-1950," by Suzanne Marchand.
Keywords: Canada; FAMILIES; History; MARCHAND; Suzanne; Nonfiction; PARTIR pour la famille: Fecondite; grossesse et accouchement au Quebec 1900-1950 (Book)

Unions in the Nonprofit Social Services: Gendered Resistance - Baines, Donna (Public Sector Unions in the Age of Austerity, 2013)
Portrays nonprofit social services as a largely female, increasingly diverse workforce with a strong care ethic. Concludes that values of social justice and social unionism are integral both to worker engagement and resistance of state austerity and managerialism.
Keywords: Labor Unions; Political activity

The Disability Accommodation Gap in Canadian Workplaces: What Does It Mean for Law, Policy, and an Aging Population - Banks, Kevin; Chaykowski, Richard P.; Slotsve, George A. (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2013)
The "accommodation gap" refers to the shortfall between those accom- modations which persons with disabilities require in order to work, and those workplace accommodations which they actually receive. This paper argues that the accommodation gap raises important issues for policy-makers in Canada, given the growing participation of older workers in the labour market and the fact that the incidence of disability increases with age. Such issues include the loss of productivity, higher poverty rates, increased cost of social programs, and failure to achieve the goals of human rights legislation. Using the results of an extensive analysis of data obtained from Statistics Canada's 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey, the authors inquire into three questions: (1) Is there a workplace accommodation gap in Canada, and if there is, how big is it and whom does it affect? (2) Is it associated with age or aging, and there- fore likely to be aggravated by the aging of the Canadian population? (3) Are its causes likely to elude complaint-driven enforcement of human rights law because they are systemic? In answering these questions, the studyfinds that a large number of Canadians (about 35%) do not receive accommodations they need to work productively, or at all. Furthermore, the results show that the older the worker and the more severe his or her disability, the greater the accommo- dation gap. The authors suggest that thisfinding supports the view that employ- ers' decisions on whether to provide accommodation are influenced by economic considerations, stereotypes about the link between age and disability, the fact that certain types of accommodation may conflict with workplace culture, and other factors. Finally, the paper contends that the enforcement mechanism cur- rently in place is probably inadequate to deal with the accommodation gap, in view of the systemic nature of many of its causes. The authors set out a number of alternative options which may be more effective in closing the accommodation gap, and propose that those options be considered as part of a comprehensive policy review.

Bilan relatif aux dispositions de la LSST : vers une application intégrale? - Baril-Gingras, Geneviève; Vézina, Michel; Lippel, Katherine (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2013)
Dans un contexte où la qualité de vie au travail, le bien-être et la santé psychologique des employés sont actuellement au coeur des préoccupations des gestionnaires et des milieux de travail, les enjeux de santé organisationnelle deviennent incontournables. Or, malgré l’intérêt grandissant des chercheurs et des praticiens, la notion de santé organisationnelle a été l’objet de diverses conceptualisations et représente encore aujourd’hui un objet d’étude en pleine évolution. Dans cet ordre d’idées, cet article propose de faire une synthèse des approches contemporaines de la santé organisationnelle et d’investiguer comment cette thématique est abordée par les chercheurs québécois. Pour ce faire, une recension des écrits a d’abord été effectuée afin d’établir un portrait des connaissances acquises à ce jour. Ensuite, une enquête consultative a été réalisée auprès d’experts scientifiques québécois. À la fois les écrits et les experts consultés rapportent que la santé organisationnelle est un concept qui prend plusieurs sens, qui nécessite l’adoption d’une perspective plus globale et qui s’élargit à d’autres sphères que le travail. Or, contrairement à la documentation, les experts abordent surtout les aspects de la santé psychologique et moins la santé physique, et ils considèrent essentiellement les facteurs organisationnels comme des préoccupations de recherche future dans le domaine. Les résultats obtenus permettent de dresser un état des connaissances sur le concept de santé organisationnelle et son évolution, tout en identifiant les tendances émergentes susceptibles d’influencer les orientations scientifiques futures pour le regroupement stratégique en santé psychologique au travail du Réseau de recherche en santé et sécurité du travail du Québec. // More than thirty years after the adoption of the Quebec Act respecting occupational health and safety (AROHS), the regulations respecting the prevention programme (PP), the health programme specific to the establishment, joint OHS committees (JOHSC) and workers' safety representatives (WSR) have not yet been implemented in all occupational sectors, as was the original intention. The AROHS contains provisions respecting JOHSC's and WSR's on construction sites that are still not in force. In the vast majority of Canadian jurisdictions, measures such as the PP, the JOHSC and the WSR (in small workplaces) are mandatory in all economic sectors. The fact that these provisions at the heart of the AROHS do not cover all economic activity sectors cannot be justified based on scientific knowledge and on their application in other jurisdictions. Their adoption could, in the future, serve as the foundation for other measures that are required to respond to the changes in employment relations and the nature of work.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Federal legislation; Labor Unions; Prevention programs; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z; Studies; enforcement; occupational health

Incidence Of Work And Workplace Injury Among Alberta Teens - Barnetson, Bob (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2013)
Utilizing a convenience sample of nearly 2000 respondents drawn from administrative data, this study finds 43.7 percent of adolescents (aged 12-14) and 61.5 percent of young persons (aged 15-17) in the Canadian province of Alberta reported employment in 2011/12. Of those employed, 49.7 percent of adolescents and 59.0 percent of young persons reported at least one work-related injury in the previous year. This study also identifies widespread non-reporting of workplace injuries and seemingly ineffective hazard identification and safety training. These results add to the growing evidence that the regulation of teenage employment in Alberta fails to adequately protect these workers from injury.

Still Dying for a Living: Corporate Criminal Liability After the Westray Mine Disaster - Barnetson, Bob (Labour / Le Travail, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "Still Dying for a Living: Corporate Criminal Liability After the Westray Mine Disaster," by Steven Bittle.
Keywords: BITTLE; Steven; MINE accidents; Nonfiction; STILL Dying for a Living: Corporate Criminal Liability After the Westray Mine Disaster (Book)

American Labor, Congress, and the Welfare State, 1935-2010 - Battista, Andrew (Labour / Le Travail, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "American Labor, Congress, and the Welfare State, 1935-2010," by Tracy Roof.
Keywords: AMERICAN Labor; Congress & the Welfare State 1935-2010 (Book); History; Labor; Nonfiction; ROOF; Tracy; United States; WELFARE state

Spittoon Philosophers or Radical Revolutionaries? The Canadian Administration of the Industrial Workers of the World, 1932-35 - Beaulieu, Michel (Ontario History, 2013)
Historians contend that the heyday of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies) in the U.S. and Canada ended when it was suppressed by the authorities in the First World War because of the “foreigners” within its ranks. However, the IWW went underground and re-emerged briefly in the late 1920s and 1930s as a force in lumber and mining unions in both countries. Little is known about its organization during this period, particularly the operations of the Canadian Administration established in 1932. This article explores the activities of Canadian Wobblies and their attempts to form a Canadian Administration between 1931 and 1935 in Port Arthur, Ontario. It establishes that the Canadian leadership increasingly separated itself from an ineffectual American leadership and attempted to establish uniquely “Canadian” polices.

L'activité des clients : un travail ? - Bellemare, Guy (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "L’activité des clients : un travail ?," edited by Sophie Bernard, Marie-Anne Dujarier and Guillaume Salariale.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Fragiles compétences - Bernier, Amélie (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "Fragiles compétences," edited by Sophie Bretesché and Cathy Krohmer.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Good Lands: A Meditation and History on the Great Plains - Berry, Susan (Labour / Le Travail, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "Good Lands: A Meditation and History on the Great Plains," by Frances W. Kaye.
Keywords: GOOD Lands: A Meditation & History on the Great Plains (Book); GREAT Plains; KAYE; Frances W.; Nonfiction

Gouverner les fins de carrière à distance. Outplacement et vieillissement actif en emploi - Bettache, Mustapha (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "Gouverner les fins de carrière à distance. Outplacement et vieillissement actif en emploi," by Thibauld Moulaert.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Up Against the Wall: The Political Economy Of the New Attack on the Canadian Labour Movement: A Reply to Andrew Jackson - Bhullar, Maya (Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, 2013)

Lire Industrial Relations Systems de John T. Dunlop. Les règles au coeur des relations de travail - Bilodeau, Pier-Luc (Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "Gouverner les fins de carrière à distance. Outplacement et vieillissement actif en emploi," by Thibauld Moulaert.
Keywords: Business And Economics–Labor And Industrial Relations; Business And Economics–Personnel Management; Labor Unions; SnR_publicationTitle_Relations Industrielles_Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations_2025-09-22T16:07:02.081Z

Tomorrow We're All Going to the Harvest: Temporary Foreign Worker Programs and Neoliberal Political Economy - Binford, Leigh (University of Texas Press, 2013)
From its inception in 1966, the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) has grown to employ approximately 20,000 workers annually, the majority from Mexico. The program has been hailed as a model that alleviates human rights concerns because, under contract, SAWP workers travel legally, receive health benefits, contribute to pensions, are represented by Canadian consular officials, and rate the program favorably. Tomorrow We?re All Going to the Harvest takes us behind the ideology and examines the daily lives of SAWP workers from Tlaxcala, Mexico (one of the leading sending states), observing the great personal and family price paid in order to experience a temporary rise in a standard of living. The book also observes the disparities of a gutted Mexican countryside versus the flourishing agriculture in Canada, where farm labor demand remains high. Drawn from extensive surveys and nearly two hundred interviews, ethnographic work in Ontario (destination of over 77 percent of migrants in the author?s sample), and quantitative data, this is much more than a case study; it situates the Tlaxcala-Canada exchange within the broader issues of migration, economics, and cultural currents. Bringing to light the historical genesis of ?complementary? labor markets and the contradictory positioning of Mexican government representatives, Leigh Binford also explores the language barriers and nonexistent worker networks in Canada, as well as the physical realities of the work itself, making this book a complete portrait of a provocative segment of migrant labor. –Publisher's description
https://www.ubcpress.ca/tomorrow-were-all-going-to-the-harvest

Aboriginal Dispossession and Proletarianization in Canadian Industrial Capitalism: Creating the Right Profile for the Labour Market - Bird, John Albert (University of Regina, 2013)
The central theme of this paper revolves around the dispossession of Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Métis, and Inuit) from their traditional socio-economic means of production and their subsumption into the industrial-capitalist mode of production. The investigation is a hypothesis about the historical proletarianization process regarding Aboriginal peoples in Canada stemming from dispossession. The analysis utilizes a critical political economic approach primarily in regard the revolutionary power of private property relations as the competitive antithesis to traditional-subsistence economy relations. Positing the facts of Aboriginal proletarianization within a political economic framework is an addition to the critique of capital. The research of the paper is anchored within: the numbered treaty framework and its application, the disciplinary methods of residential schooling systems, assimilation into proletarian ethics, and contemporary statistics about Aboriginal cohorts within the Canadian labour market. The historical research provides evidence about Aboriginal socio-economic dispossession and the contemporary data provides evidence regarding present-day conclusions of the initial industrial-proletarianization processes. Keywords: numbered treaties, residential schools, Aboriginal labour, Aboriginal history, political economy, industrial capitalism, proletarian, Karl Marx.

Lessons for Litigators from ONA [Ontario Nurses' Associatiion] v. Chatham-Kent: A Union Perspective - Bisnar, Danielle; McIntyre, Elizabeth (Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 2013)
Despite the abolition of mandatory retirement in most Canadian jurisdic- tions, statutory provisions generally still permit the denial of employment-re- lated benefits to workers aged 65 or over, or allow such benefits to be provided at a lower level than for workers under age 65. In ONA v. Chatham-Kent, an Ontario arbitrator upheld the constitutionality of provisions in that province's Human Rights Code and Employment Standards Act excluding workers over 65 from protection against age discrimination in the area of employment benefits, holding that while the impugned provisions infringed the equality rights set out in section 15 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, they were nonetheless justified under section 1 as a reasonable limit on those rights. Writing from the perspective of advocates for unions and employees, the authors review the development of the case law on mandatory retirement, drawing particular atten- tion to the "long shadow" cast by the Supreme Court of Canada's 1990 decision in McKinney. They go on to identify what they see as the flaws in the legal rea- soning of the award in Chatham-Kent, especially the arbitrator's acceptance of the notion (inherited in large part from the McKinney decision) that age is "dif- ferent" from other types of prohibited discrimination and his failure to closely scrutinize the legislature's policy choices with respect to employment benefits for older workers. Lastly, the authors extrapolate a number of lessons that may assist litigators in future challenges to statutory provisions that discriminate on the basis of age, notably the importance of framing section 15 claims by reference to intersecting grounds of discrimination (such as age and gender or disability) and of advocating for a lower level of deference to the legislature.

L’évolution de la qualité d’emploi des immigrants du Canada par rapport aux natifs : une comparaison interprovinciale - Boulet, Maude (Université de Montréal, 2013)
Il est bien connu que les immigrants rencontrent plusieurs difficultés d’intégration dans le marché du travail canadien. Notamment, ils gagnent des salaires inférieurs aux natifs et ils sont plus susceptibles que ces derniers d’occuper des emplois précaires ou pour lesquels ils sont surqualifiés. Dans cette recherche, nous avons traité de ces trois problèmes sous l’angle de la qualité d’emploi. À partir des données des recensements de la population de 1991 à 2006, nous avons comparé l’évolution de la qualité d’emploi des immigrants et des natifs au Canada, mais aussi au Québec, en Ontario et en Colombie-Britannique. Ces comparaisons ont mis en évidence la hausse du retard de qualité d’emploi des immigrants par rapport aux natifs dans tous les lieux analysés, mais plus particulièrement au Québec. Le désavantage des immigrants persiste même lorsqu’on tient compte du capital humain, des caractéristiques démographiques et du taux de chômage à l’entrée dans le marché du travail. La scolarité, l’expérience professionnelle globale et les connaissances linguistiques améliorent la qualité d’emploi des immigrants et des natifs. Toutefois, lorsqu’on fait la distinction entre l’expérience de travail canadienne et l’expérience de travail étrangère, on s’aperçoit que ce dernier type d’expérience réduit la qualité d’emploi des immigrants. Dans ces circonstances, nous trouvons incohérent que le Canada et le Québec continuent à insister sur ce critère dans leur grille de sélection des travailleurs qualifiés. Pour valoriser les candidats les plus jeunes ayant peu d’expérience de travail dans leur pays d’origine, nous suggérons d’accroître l’importance accordée à l’âge dans ces grilles au détriment de l’expérience. Les jeunes, les étudiants étrangers et les travailleurs temporaires qui possèdent déjà une expérience de travail au Canada nous apparaissent comme des candidats à l’immigration par excellence. Par contre, les résultats obtenus à l’aide de la méthode de décomposition de Blinder-Oaxaca ont montré que l’écart de qualité d’emploi entre les immigrants et les natifs découle d’un traitement défavorable envers les immigrants dans le marché du travail. Cela signifie que les immigrants sont pénalisés au chapitre de la qualité d’emploi à la base, et ce, peu importe leurs caractéristiques. Dans ce contexte, la portée de tout ajustement aux grilles de sélection risque d’être limitée. Nous proposons donc d’agir également en aval du problème à l’aide des politiques d’aide à l’intégration des immigrants. Pour ce faire, une meilleure concertation entre les acteurs du marché du travail est nécessaire. Les ordres professionnels, le gouvernement, les employeurs et les immigrants eux-mêmes doivent s’engager afin d’établir des parcours accélérés pour la reconnaissance des compétences des nouveaux arrivants. Nos résultats indiquent aussi que le traitement défavorable à l’égard des immigrants dans le marché du travail est plus prononcé au Québec qu’en Ontario et en Colombie-Britannique. Il se peut que la société québécoise soit plus réfractaire à l’immigration vu son caractère francophone et minoritaire dans le reste de l’Amérique du Nord. Pourtant, le désir de protéger la langue française motive le Québec à s’impliquer activement en matière d’immigration depuis longtemps et la grille de sélection québécoise insiste déjà sur ce critère. D’ailleurs, près des deux tiers des nouveaux arrivants au Québec connaissent le français en 2011. It is well documented that immigrants face many difficulties in the Canadian labour market. Particularly, compared to native-born, they earn lower wages, occupy more precarious jobs and are often overqualified. In this research, we discuss these three issues in terms of job quality. Using the data from the 1991 to 2006 Canadian population censuses, we compare the trends in job quality of immigrants and native-born in Canada, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. These comparisons highlight the rising gap in job quality between immigrants and native-born in the four geographical areas, but especially in Quebec. This gap persists even after controlling human capital, demographic variables and unemployment rate at entry in the labour market. Overall, we found that education, work experience and language skills improve the job quality of immigrants and their native-born counterparts. However, when we separate Canadian and foreign work experience, we find that the latter type of experience reduces job quality of immigrants. In these circumstances, it is counterproductive that Canada and Quebec continue to insist on this criterion in the point systems. We also suggest increasing the importance of age in the point systems in order to encourage the admission of younger candidates with little or no foreign experience. Youth, foreign students and temporary workers who already have work experience in Canada appear to be ideal candidates for immigration. Nevertheless, using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method, we show that the job quality gap between immigrants and natives is mainly due to unfavourable treatment of immigrants in the labour market. This means that immigrants are penalized in terms of job quality regardless of their characteristics. In this context, the selection of the best candidates for immigration may produce a limited effect. We therefore suggest acting downstream with public policy to support employment integration of immigrants. To do so, a better coordination between all actors in the labour market is required. Professional orders, government, employers and immigrants must establish accelerated pathways of skills recognition for newcomers. In addition, our results indicate that the treatment of immigrants in the labour market is more problematic in Quebec compared to Ontario and British Columbia. It is likely that Quebec society is less open to immigration given its francophone character and its minority status in North America. Since the beginning, the desire to protect the French language motivates Quebec to be actively involved in immigration and the Quebec point system already emphasizes this criterion. Moreover, nearly two-thirds of newcomers to Quebec speak French in 2011.
https://doi.org/1866/10132

Black Internationalist Feminism: Women Writers of the Black Left, 1945-1995 - Boyce-Davies, Carole (Labour / Le Travail, 2013)
The article reviews the book, "Black Internationalist Feminism: Women Writers of the Black Left, 1945-1995," by Cheryl Higashida.
Keywords: BLACK Internationalist Feminism: Women Writers of the Black Left 1945-1995 (Book); BLACK feminism; BLACK women authors; HIGASHIDA; Cheryl; Nonfiction

"The common people have spoken with a mighty voice": Regina's Labour City Councils, 1936-1939 - Brennan, J. William (Labour / Le Travail, 2013)
Working-class poliltical activity at the municipal level in Regina began in 1914 on the initiative of members of the Regina Trades and Labour Council. Early on trade unionists reached out to the city's middle class, and together they founded a succession of Labour political parties in the 1920s. After 1930 members of the Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees also became involved. Success came in 1935, when the Civic Labour League, an informal alliance of social democrats and communists, won the mayoralty and a majority of the aldermanic seats on city council. Labour maintained its hold over City Hall until the end of the decade, but it did not accomplish much. It could not convince the province's Liberal government to take over full responsibility for the cost of relief or enact a special city charter that would give Regina wider powers (to construct social housing for example) and new sources of revenue. Then in 1939 Labour's political fortunes shifted dramatically. Accusations of communist influence in the selection of the Labour slate played into the hands of the city's business community, Regina's daily newspapers, and the Civic Voters' Association, which was founded on the eve of the civic election, and Labour suffered a crushing defeat.
Keywords: CENTRAL labor councils; CIVIC associations; Canada; History; Labor Unions; Labor movement; MUNICIPAL government; Middle class; REGINA (Sask.); WORKING class – Political activity

In the Public Interest: Nurses on Strike - Briskin, Linda (Public Sector Unions in the Age of Austerity, 2013)
Examines the "politicization of caring" and the contest for the public trust between nurses and the state since 1960. Concludes that nurse militancy demonstrates how the battle against austerity can be fought.
Keywords: Labor Unions; Political activity