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This article examines the history of colonial and national policies towards indigenous peoples in Australia and Canada during the 19th and 20th centuries. It is specifically concerned with the ways in which such legislation affected Aboriginal women. In attempting to provide a comparative assessment of the "statutory subjugation" of Aboriginal women, the article examines the law's definition of identity and band membership; enfranchisement and assimilation; personal autonomy (marriage, divorce, sexuality, motherhood); private and personal property; and political reorganization. It concludes that gender and race were key determinants of government policy in both countries, and that under the Canadian Indian Act and Australian Aboriginal Acts, women, in particular, suffered a great decline in status and severe limitations of autonomy. But the failure of state policies to bring about the complete degradation of Aboriginal women in particular, and Aboriginal peoples in general, suggests that there were forces operating to "destabilize ... hegemonic colonial control." Competing colonial values, collective resistance of Aboriginal societies, and the individual contestations of both colonizer and colonized, in the end, undermined imperial objectives.
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The article reviews the book "Home to Work: Motherhood and the Politics of Industrial Homework in the United States," Eileen Boris.
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The article reviews the book, "Under the Stars: Essays on Labor Relations in Arts and Entertainment," edited by Lois S. Gray and Ronald L. Seeber.
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The article reviews the book "The Marxists and the Jewish Question: The History of a Debate (1843-1943)," by Enzo Traverso.
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Dans quelle mesure le Code civil du Québec de 1994 retient-il une nouvelle conception du salarié ? Les treize dispositions (articles 2085 à 2097 C.c.Q.) qui traitent directement du salarié et de l'employeur sont-elles à ce point différentes qu'il nous faudrait reconsidérer les bases juridiques de la relation de travail ? Pour répondre à de telles questions, l'auteur rappelle la conception du salarié retenue au Code civil du Bas-Canada (1866) de manière à mieux saisir l'importance des modifications apportées en 1994. En un deuxième temps, une analyse critique de ces treize dispositions nouvelles lui permet de distinguer ce qui serait vraiment nouveau et aussi ce qui lui apparaît comme de simples mises en forme de l'état du droit au moment de cette codification. En cette période de changements profonds des «modes d'emploi», il importe de saisir la portée réelle ou virtuelle de toutes les modifications effectuées à la définition du salarié, base fondamentale du droit du travail.
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The article reviews the book, "Modern Capitalism: Privatization, Employee Ownership and Industrial Democracy," by Nicholas V. Gianaris.
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The article reviews the book "The Limits of Affluence: Welfare in Ontario 1920-1970," by James Struthers.
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The article reviews the book, "Un État réduit? A Down-Sized State?," edited by Robert Bernier and James Iain Gow.
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The article reviews the book, "Forging American Communism: The Life of William Z. Foster," by Edward P. Johanningsmeier.
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This speculative essay presents a preliminary statement on the paradoxical character of 19th-century class formation in the two white settler dominions of Canada and Australia. Outposts of empire, these social formations were early regarded with disdain, the one a classic mercantilist harvester of fish, fur, and wood, the other a dumping ground for convicts. By the mid-to-late 19th-century, however, Canada and Australia were the richest of colonies. Within their distinctive cultures and political economies, both supposedly dominated by staples, emerged working classes that were simultaneously combatative and accommodated. By the 1880s impressive organizational gains had been registered by labour in both countries, but the achievements of class were conditioned by particular relations of fragmentation, including those of 'race' and gender.
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The article reviews the book "Separate Spheres: Women's Worlds in the 19th-Century Maritimes," by Janet Guildford and Suzanne Morton.
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The article reviews the book "Radicals of the Worst Sort: Laboring Women in Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1860-1912," by Ardis Cameron.
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The article reviews the book, "La judiciarisation de l'arbitrage de grief," by Rodrigue Blouin.
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The article reviews the book, "100 Public Sector Collective Bargaining in Canada: Beginning of the End or End of the Beginning," by Gene Swimmer and Mark Thompson.
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The article reviews the book, "Human Resource Management: A Critical Text," edited by John Storey.
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The article reviews the book "By the Sweat of the Brow: Literature and Labor in Antebellum America," by Nicholas K. Bromell.
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The article reviews the book "Organized Labor in the Asia Pacific Region: A Comparative Study of Trade Unionism in Nine Countries," edited by Stephen Frenkel.
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The article reviews the book, "Union-Management Relations in Canada," 3rd edition, by Morley Gunderson and Allen Ponak.
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One of the prevailing concerns about compulsory interest arbitration is its possible effect on genuine collective bargaining. Numerous studies report overall settlement rates (i.e., the proportion of settlements achieve prior to the final impasse procedure) are lower in arbitration systems than in strike-based systems. A study attempts to provide a broader assessment of the effect of compulsory arbitration by calculating settlements rates for different settlement stages. Based on over 28,000 collective agreements negotiated in Ontario between 1982 and 1990, the results show that settlement rates were generally lower under arbitration. At the same time, settlement behavior varied considerably across arbitration systems. These differences are associated with specific institutional and organizational aspects in bargaining.
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The article reviews the book "Learning History America: Schools, Cultures, and Politics," edited by Lloyd Kramer, Donald Reid and William L. Barney.