Full bibliography

Using a large data set of large and small bargaining units, the implications for collective bargaining disputes of the evolution toward small bargaining units and the move to non-traditional forms of representation are examined. It is found that smaller bargaining units, as well as independent unions in both the public and private sectors, are less likely to reach an impasse. This finding supported those hypothesizing the cooperative nature of these organizations. These 2 sets of results suggest that the movement to smaller bargaining units, and towards more independent representation, will result in a higher proportion of directly negotiated settlements in the future. However, a reduced incidence of impasse does not necessarily mean a reduction in industrial conflict. Evidence is found of a shift away from a collective expression of conflict such as strikes, to more individual expressions. Thus, in the future, there may be a greater need for internal conflict resolution systems.