Your search

Since the 19th century Toronto, Ontario's working-class delinquent boys have been subjected to intense scrutiny and control. The deviant and criminal conduct that brought working-class juvenile offenders to police and court attention did not change significantly over the late 19th and early 20th centuries. However, how their conduct was understood and governed was in a constant state of change and adjustment. This article explores how Toronto's working-class delinquent boys were represented and governed by elites, reformers, juvenile justice officials, medical experts, and university-trained psychologists from 1860 to 1930. More specifically, it demonstrates how the 19th-century male juvenile offender, judged the product of injurious circumstances, was reinvented by eugenicists as the mentally deficient subject of the late 1910's and again (re)defined as an environmental psychiatric subject after 1925. These representations often overlapped, were discontinued, conflicted, and were in constant tension. Despite theoretical and practical differences, elites, eugenicists, and environmental psychologists were all particularly troubled by working-class male delinquency.

The article reviews the book, "Sweated Work, Weak Bodies: Anti-Sweatshop Campaigns and Languages of Labor," by Daniel E. Bender.

This essay will attempt to depict the dramatic impact that the violent wrecking of machines had on entrepreneurial decision-making and state action in England and France [in the 18th and 19th centuries]. Resistance to the machine must be situated in its local, regional, national, and international contexts in order to understand the consequences of organized, violent machine-breaking on the course of industrial development. The movements that led to the widespread destruction of machines were organized regionally rather than locally and the patterns of entrepreneurial reaction, technological development, and technology transfer, as well as mechanization, also varied by region. --From author's introduction

The article reviews the book, "Fighting for Dignity: The Ginger Goodwin Story," by Roger Stonebanks.

The article reviews the book, "Fighting for a Living Wage," by Stephanie Luce.

The article reviews the book, "The Economics of Affirmative Action," edited by Harry J. Holzer and David Neumark.

La sous-traitance est l'un des plus importants défis pour les syndicats à l'heure actuelle. Cet article explore quatre positions syndicales en matière de sous-traitance : opposition, défensive, abstention et offensive. Différents exemples tirés de nos observations sur le terrain permettent d'illustrer ici les différentes attitudes adoptées et les ressources susceptibles d'être mobilisées par les syndicats pour répondre à la sous-traitance. Le principal constat demeure que la réponse syndicale à la sous-traitance est bien souvent plus subtile et nuancée qu'une simple opposition inconditionnelle. Afin de conserver une certaine marge de manœuvre dans le développement et l'adoption d'une position en matière de sous-traitance, il est nécessaire pour un syndicat de travailler sur ses ressources de pouvoir. Quelques pistes sont suggérées pour y parvenir : le développement d'une vision globale, la mobilisation à l'interne, la construction de liens de solidarité à l'externe. // Subcontracting is one of the most important current challenges for unions. This article explores four union positions with regard to subcontracting: oppositional, defensive, abstentionist and proactive. It draws on different examples and cases from the author's research in the field to highlight the different union stances and the resources likely to be mobilized by unions in response to subcontracting. The major finding is that rather than a simple position of unconditional opposition, union responses to subcontracting are highly varied and finely nuanced. Moreover, in order to enlarge its scope to develop a position on subcontracting, a union must work on its power resources. Several avenues are identified in order to reinforce these resources. It was found that a global vision, internal mobilization and the development of solidarity with outside groups all contribute to a greater capacity on the part of the union to deal with subcontracting.

The article reviews the book, "Code Green: Money-Driven Hospitals and the Dismantling of Nursing. Weinberg," by Beth Dana.

The article reviews the book, "Women in Non-Traditional Occupations: Challenging Men," by Barbara Bagilhole.

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter les concepts et la démarche de la théorie de la structuration d’Anthony Giddens. L’idée fondamentale du modèle de structuration des systèmes sociaux proposé par cet auteur est que les structures, ensemble de règles et de ressources, organisent les activités tout autant que les activités les organisent et leur donnent du sens et une finalité. Cette dualité de l’organisé et de l’organisant débouche sur une conception pertinente de l’action, de la coordination et du changement organisationnel ; elle permet notamment de « faire le pont » entre les dynamiques de structuration individuelles et les dynamiques de structuration collectives.

The article reviews the book, "Ruling Canada: Corporate Cohesion and Democracy," by Jamie Brownlee.

The article reviews the book, "Radio Active: Advertising and Consumer Activism, 1935-1947, by Kathy M. Newman.

The article reviews the book, "Human Capital in the United States from 1975 to 2000 : Patterns of Growth and Utilization," by Robert H. Haveman, Andrew Bershadker and Jonathan A. Schwabish.

Les chartes des droits de la personne, les lois protégeant ces mêmes droits et la jurisprudence qu’elles engendrent provoquent des bouleversements dans les milieux de travail régis par le droit des rapports collectifs de travail et dans les règles de fonctionnement syndical. Les cas des femmes intégrant des secteurs d’emploi non traditionnellement féminins par le truchement des programmes d’accès à l’égalité et des associations regroupant les syndiqués contestant les effets des clauses de disparité de traitement sont ici utilisés pour illustrer la profondeur du choc entre les nouvelles règles fondées sur l’équité qu’introduisent les droits de la personne et les règles de l’égalité formelle entre syndiqués qui ont traditionnellement régi le fonctionnement syndical.

The article reviews the book, "L’aveuglement organisationnel ou comment lutter contre les malentendus," by Valérie Boussard, Delphine Mercier and Pierre Tripier.

We still know relatively little about how young people rationalize their educational and occupational plans and what this might tell us about the relationship between structure and agency in school-work transitions. In this paper, based on a multi-method comparison of youth apprentices in Canada and Germany, the range of school-work transition alternatives realistically under consideration was circumscribed by socio-economic status, habitus, cultural capital, and institutional factors. While their vocational choices reproduced their class position, youth apprentices nevertheless saw their entry into the trades as an expression of a preference for, and identity with, working-class ideals of manual work. Further analysis suggests, however, that these narratives can also be interpreted as post-facto rationalization strategies in response to public discourses that equate life course success with ever higher levels of educational attainment.

This article examines union members’evaluation of the relevance of unions and their identification with a traditional collective value frame for union action. It seeks to take account of the impact of increasing labor market heterogeneity, declining instrumentality, and the behavior of unions and employers. Using Canadian data gathered from individual union members and their local union leaders, the study finds that new labor market identities are notlinked to weaker belief in the relevance of unions but are associated with weaker identification with the traditional value frame. Although declining instrumentality and hostile employer behavior are associated with greater identification with traditional value frames, greater union democracy is associated with less membership disaffection on both the relevance of unions and their collective modes of action. Union democracy is therefore found to be a key tool to address membership disaffection and to generate collective identities for a renewed union project.

The article reviews the book, "The Workers' Festival: A History Of Labour Day In Canada," by Craig Heron and Steve Penfold.

This article reports a new conceptual approach to measuring the characteristics of precarious employment and their effect on health. Our starting point is the Karasek 'job strain' model. We argue that 'job strain' focuses on the health effects of work once people are employed. It is less effective in capturing the health effects associated with the employment relationship, the process by which workers acquire work, keep work and negotiate its terms and conditions. We develop a new construct, 'employment strain' to measure these aspects of work organisation. Evidence presented indicates employment strain is associated with poorer health outcomes.

Under the auspices of the International Transport Workers' Federation's (ITF) Flag of Convenience campaign, maritime unions have developed transnational global structures exploiting interdependencies in transportation production chains. The ITF, a London-based association of transport unions, connects the struggles of seafarers and port workers through a global strategy of union networking and coordinated industrial action. Seafaring unions draw on the industrial leverage of port workers to negotiate minimum standard pay agreements, while dock unions leverage the growing influence of the ITF in fighting union busting in ports. A global transnational ship inspector network provides the power basis for imposing collective agreements on shipowners. Although conceived as a resource for organizing seafarers, the inspectorate also provides port unions with leverage.