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La crise des finances publiques et l’accroissement de la demande en soins de santé amènent de plus en plus d’hôpitaux à implanter des pratiques de gestion à haute implication (PGHI). Or, les études sur le lien entre ces pratiques et la performance organisationnelle se font plutôt rares dans le secteur hospitalier. De plus, les recherches se sont surtout limitées à montrer l’existence d’un lien direct entre les PGHI et la performance organisationnelle, donnant ainsi peu d’information sur le processus qui mène à cette performance. Cette étude vise à combler ces lacunes en examinant le rôle médiateur joué par l’habilitation psychologique (HP) dans la relation entre les PGHI et les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (CCO) du personnel soignant, un déterminant important de la qualité des soins de santé. De plus, puisqu’une relation de collaboration avec les médecins, basée sur la confiance, serait au coeur du sentiment de pouvoir du personnel soignant, l’effet modérateur de la confiance envers les médecins sur la relation entre les PGHI et l’HP est aussi examiné. Ainsi, l’étude valide un modèle spécifiant des relations différenciées entre les PGHI (autonomie, développement des compétences, partage d’information, reconnaissance) et les cognitions de l’HP (compétences, autodétermination, sens, impact), celles-ci étant modérées par la confiance envers les médecins. Enfin, l’étude cherche à vérifier si les cognitions de l’HP qui inciteraient aux CCO interagissent entre elles selon une séquence prédéterminée. Basée sur un sondage réalisé auprès de 176 employés délivrant des soins de santé et leurs supérieurs immédiats, l’étude suggère que la relation entre certaines PGHI (autonomie et développement des compétences) et les CCO est tributaire du sens du travail et de la confiance envers les médecins. Aussi, les cognitions de l’HP seraient liées entre elles selon une séquence particulière conférant à l’autodétermination un rôle central dans cette séquence.

This article explores the dynamics of labour organizing among migrant and immigrant workers in Canada, focusing on two case studies: first, recent efforts to organize migrant farmworkers in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers’ Program; and, second, the work of the Immigrant Workers’ Centre in Montreal. The Seasonal Agricultural Workers’ Program, which employs workers from Mexico and Caribbean countries, is often viewed by policymakers and employers as an example of ‘best practices’ in migration policy. Yet workers in the program experience seasonal employment characterized by long hours and low wages, and are exempt from many basic labour standards. The Immigrant Workers’ Centre formed in 2000 to provide a safe place for migrant and racialized immigrant workers to come together around problems in their workplaces. Through these case studies, we examine labour organization efforts including advocacy and grassroots organizing through the Immigrant Workers’ Centre and legal challenges attempting to secure recognition of freedom of association rights for farmworkers. The article explores the ‘limits and possibilities’ of these strategies, and concludes by assessing the implications for labour organizing among the growing numbers of migrant and immigrant workers employed in a wide range of low-wage, low-security occupations due to the recent expansion of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program.

The article reviews the book, "Jobs and Justice: Fighting Discrimination in Wartime Canada, 1939-1945," by Carmela Patrias.

De nombreuses recherches présentent le soutien social perçu comme un levier efficace de gestion du stress au travail. Notre recherche propose de vérifier cette hypothèse en interrogeant le rôle modérateur attribué au soutien social perçu provenant des supérieurs et des subordonnés dans les relations entre les conflits de rôle et le stress chez des managers intermédiaires (MI) et des managers de proximité (MP) du secteur public. Le modèle exigences-ressources professionnelles (Bakker et Demerouti, 2007) nous a servi de cadre théorique. D’après ce modèle, le soutien social perçu constitue une ressource professionnelle permettant d’atténuer les effets délétères des exigences professionnelles sur la santé mentale. Les données collectées auprès de 310 managers dans des administrations publiques locales confirment partiellement cette hypothèse. En effet, notre recherche ne permet pas d’appuyer dans un premier temps l’influence modératrice du soutien social perçu provenant des supérieurs et du soutien social perçu provenant des subordonnés dans la relation entre les conflits de rôle et le stress perçu chez les MI. Des résultats similaires sont observés dans certains cas chez des MP. Conséquemment, l’hypothèse de la non-mobilisation du soutien social comme une ressource professionnelle par les managers dans certaines conditions est avancée pour discuter ces résultats. Ces derniers révèlent dans un second temps que l’efficacité du soutien social perçu dépend de plusieurs facteurs : la nature et la source du soutien social perçu, le type de conflit de rôle en présence et le niveau hiérarchique des managers bénéficiaires (MI et MP). Ainsi, plus que MI, les MP semblent plus réceptifs au soutien social d’estime perçu provenant de leurs supérieurs lorsqu’ils sont confrontés aux conflits de rôle. Par conséquent, leur niveau de stress diminue. Afin de gérer le stress des MP occasionné par les conflits de rôle, nos implications managériales sont orientées vers une reconnaissance de leurs compétences professionnelles.

[Analyzes] the impact of both climate change and climate policy on employment in the energy sector. --Editor's introduction

Commentary on freelance work in the cultural industries suggests that freelancers are autonomous "free agents" who enjoy fulfilling work and control over their careers. Yet empirical research demonstrates that freelance media work is becoming increasingly precarious. This dissertation is a case study of the working conditions of Canadian freelance writers, the political economic and cultural context in which they work, and their efforts to organize collectively to address challenges they face. The dissertation examines the underlying processes, practices, and power relations that shape the work of freelance writing to argue that freelancers' experiences flow directly from the capitalist logic of the corporate cultural industries in which they work. In this view, freelance writing has been transformed from being primarily a strategy of resisting salaried labour by journalists—an effort to gain some control over the terms of commodification of their labour power and autonomy over their craft—into a strategy for media firms to intensify exploitation of freelance writers' labour power through two primary strategies: the exploitation of unpaid labour time and control of copyright to writers' works. Drawing on Marxist political economic analysis, a survey of Canadian freelance writers, and interviews with freelance writers' unions and organizations, the dissertation examines how exploitation is obscured in freelance cultural work and how it can be confronted through collective organization. The dissertation examines Canadian freelance writers' current organizing efforts: a professional association, a union, and an agency-union hybrid, arguing that the models freelancers favour tend to reinforce notions of professionalism and a preference for service-based organizations, which has not given freelancers the power required to effectively defend themselves against corporations' changing business practices. The dissertation outlines the challenges writers' organizations need to overcome, not least freelance writers' ambivalence toward their status as workers. Finally, the dissertation foregrounds labour processes as central to understanding media, suggesting that continual downloading of the risks of journalistic labour onto precarious workers will have implications for the future of freelance writing as an occupation and the media content produced.

The article reviews the book, "Brève histoire des femmes au Québec," by Denyse Baillargeon.

In the present context of labour shortages and skills gaps in Canada, it has been acknowledged that the country cannot afford to keep going without the talents of entire groups of populations that are currently underrepresented in the labour market. Among those groups are people with disabilities. This group is far from homogenous, and therefore not easy to define. Data in this paper helps to show a picture of the employment situation of people with disabilities. This paper also addresses some of the barriers that people with disabilities face, and provides an overview of certain federal programs that can help them. Finally, this paper discusses the Canadian legislative framework, with a focus on measures that prevent discrimination against people with disabilities, allowing them to join the workforce and engage fully in their communities. [Introduction]

The article reviews the book, "Making Feminist Politics: Transnational Alliances Between Women and Labour," by Suzanne Franzway and Mary Margaret Fonow.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) represent a complex and multi-faceted challenge, requiring multi-disciplinary, multi-perspective research approaches ranging from fundamental, basic science research to studies of applied workplace-based interventions. Members of the MSD Research Axis of the Quebec Occupational Health and Safety Research Network have been actively engaged in WMSD research across this full spectrum, contributing to significant knowledge advances on WMSD. Despite this, many facets of WMSDs remain insufficiently understood, and WMSDs remain a considerable problem for our society. Advances on interventions to decrease risk and improve workers' health are notable, although the level and quality of evidence about the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions must be improved. This paper highlights contributions of the group towards the advancement of understanding and prevention of WMSDs.

Retail workers are a significant but largely unorganized group in Canada and the United States. However, in recent years, there has been a marked increase in efforts to organize retail workers, including pursuit of innovative structures and strategies. The author focuses on the dominant threads of contemporary retail organizing work in Canada and the United States, outlining three current organizing vehicles: unionization, store-based networks, and occupation or sector-based associations. The author then reflects on the strengths, weaknesses, and possibilities of these approaches, independently and collectively, and emphasizes the need to confront the social and cultural as well as the economic devaluation of retail workers.

L’élaboration du droit de l’emploi au Québec : ses sources législatives et judiciaires, by Fernand Morin, is reviewed.

Mexican migrant workers have been coming to Canada since 1974 to work in agriculture as participants of the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Presently, Mexicans constitute the majority of SAWP workers. As well, Ontario is the main receiver of these workers followed by British Columbia and Quebec. Accordingly, the scope of this thesis mainly encompasses Mexican workers in Ontario. However, the thesis also includes Mexican SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia. This thesis reveals two main issues: (1) that all SAWP workers, particularly Mexican workers, lack key legal rights and protections relating to labour relations, employment, health and safety standards at the structural level of the SAWP; and at the federal, provincial, and international levels. (2) Even when they have rights under legislation relating to the above-mentioned subject matters, Mexicans, especially, lack the capacity to access them. Thus, they become 'unfree labourers' who are placed in a perpetual state of disadvantage, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation once in Canada.To describe the issues above, the thesis is divided into five chapters addressing the following: Chapter 1 presents the historical context behind the SAWP as well as the Mexican workers' circumstances that attract them to participate in the Program. Chapter 2 examines the applicable constitutional and federal framework for SAWP workers. In addition, it highlights key federal exclusions placed on them, which originate in the federal immigration and employment insurance legislation. Chapter 3 concludes that Ontario does not protect its agricultural workers from unfair treatment and exploitation in the workplace; rather, it perpetuates such practices. This reality is intensified for SAWP Mexican workers. Particularly, chapter 3 analyses a constitutional challenge to the Ontario legislation excluding agricultural worker from its labour relations regime; said challenge is based on ss. 2(d) and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Chapter 4 maintains that similarly to workers in Ontario, SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia also face extreme disadvantages due in great part to the lack of or limited legal protections. Finally, chapter 5 asserts that due to its implementation in the Canadian framework, international law is inadequate to protect domestic and SAWP workers' rights. While each chapter identifies tangible drawbacks or anomalies, which affect SAWP workers negatively, the thesis also provides recommendations to alleviate said weaknesses.

Contemporary migration has become increasingly transnational as migrants maintain linkages with their place of origin and, in many cases, with multiple places. Transnational practices and identities highlight the complex ways that contemporary immigrants negotiate home. This dissertation explores the ways in which transnational Filipina care workers construct home and a sense of belonging, here and elsewhere. In order to examine these experiences of belonging, I investigate the linkages between paid and unpaid work in various workplaces and places of residence. This research weaves together experiences of paid and unpaid work and the locations that (re)create their feminized, racialized and classed circumstances. . To capture the intricacies of home for transnational Filipina care workers, I analyze the 2006 Canadian Census and Statistics Canada's Ethnic Diversity Survey. I elaborate on these data with in-depth interviews and focus groups with three groups of Filipinas: recent health care workers, recent live-in caregivers and well-established residents. The analysis takes place in the inner suburbs of Scarborough, ON and the outer suburbs of Markham, ON; two locations that are key immigrant reception zones. My methodology investigates how various qualitative and quantitative methods can be employed to better understand how the complex relations between paid and unpaid work in various places of residence and workplaces influence the construction of home for transnational care workers.

Dans un contexte où la qualité de vie au travail, le bien-être et la santé psychologique des employés sont actuellement au coeur des préoccupations des gestionnaires et des milieux de travail, les enjeux de santé organisationnelle deviennent incontournables. Or, malgré l’intérêt grandissant des chercheurs et des praticiens, la notion de santé organisationnelle a été l’objet de diverses conceptualisations et représente encore aujourd’hui un objet d’étude en pleine évolution. Dans cet ordre d’idées, cet article propose de faire une synthèse des approches contemporaines de la santé organisationnelle et d’investiguer comment cette thématique est abordée par les chercheurs québécois. Pour ce faire, une recension des écrits a d’abord été effectuée afin d’établir un portrait des connaissances acquises à ce jour. Ensuite, une enquête consultative a été réalisée auprès d’experts scientifiques québécois. À la fois les écrits et les experts consultés rapportent que la santé organisationnelle est un concept qui prend plusieurs sens, qui nécessite l’adoption d’une perspective plus globale et qui s’élargit à d’autres sphères que le travail. Or, contrairement à la documentation, les experts abordent surtout les aspects de la santé psychologique et moins la santé physique, et ils considèrent essentiellement les facteurs organisationnels comme des préoccupations de recherche future dans le domaine. Les résultats obtenus permettent de dresser un état des connaissances sur le concept de santé organisationnelle et son évolution, tout en identifiant les tendances émergentes susceptibles d’influencer les orientations scientifiques futures pour le regroupement stratégique en santé psychologique au travail du Réseau de recherche en santé et sécurité du travail du Québec.

The article reviews and comments on the books, "Caring For America: Home Health Workers in the Shadow of the Welfare State" by Eileen Boris and Jennifer Klein, "Forced to Care: Coercion and Caregiving in America" by Evelyn Nakano Glenn and "Reshaping the Work-Family Debate: Why Men and Class Matter" by Joan C. Williams.

Revealing how Canada's first Prime Minister used a policy of starvation against Indigenous people to clear the way for settlement, the multiple award-winning Clearing the Plains sparked widespread debate about genocide in Canada. In arresting, but harrowing, prose, James Daschuk examines the roles that Old World diseases, climate, and, most disturbingly, Canadian politics-the politics of ethnocide-played in the deaths and subjugation of thousands of Indigenous people in the realization of Sir John A. Macdonald's "National Dream." It was a dream that came at great expense: the present disparity in health and economic well-being between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, and the lingering racism and misunderstanding that permeates the national consciousness to this day. --Publisher's description

The article reviews the book, "Gouverner les fins de carrière à distance. Outplacement et vieillissement actif en emploi," by Thibauld Moulaert.

This paper provides a careful review and analysis of employment-based pensions and other post-retirement benefits that may be available to Canadian workers when they retire, with particular emphasis on the extent to which such benefits are vulnerable to unilateral employer alteration or cancellation, or to the risks which arise in the event of the employer's insolvency. Taking stock of key differences between the rights of unionized employees and non-unionized ones, the author argues that the legal regimes governing common law employ- ment, collective bargaining and pensions offer varying degrees of security for post-retirement benefits, depending on the type of regime applicable to the work- place and the type of benefit. However, as the paper goes on to explain, the situ- ation changes dramatically if the employer becomes insolvent - all the more so because the federal legislation which regulates creditors' rights in an insolvency enjoys paramountcy over the provincial legislation that deals with employment, collective bargaining and pensions (including any provision made in that prov- incial legislation for so-called "deemed trusts"). The author sets out and weighs the numerous risks confronting employees' pension and post-retirement benefit entitlements in both an insolvency proceeding and in a restructuring, again drawing attention to the different dynamics that may come into play in unionized and non-unionized workplaces. In general, he finds, the security of pensions is stronger than that of non-pension benefits, but will still depend on the adequacy of the pension plan's funding before insolvency.