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Cet article s’intéresse aux prédicteurs de laperformance utilisés dans les organisations pour gérerleurs ressources humaines. Il amorce la réflexion à cetteétape charnière que fut la publication, en 1973, del’article de David McClelland préconisant l’usage ducritère de la compétence plutôt que celui del’intelligence dans les processus de sélection.L’article tente de tracer le devenir de ce nouveauprédicteur jusqu’à nos jours et d’explorer dequelle façon la théorie des compétencess’est traduite en modèles appliqués dans le mondeprofessionnel. Basé sur une analyse de la littératurenord-américaine, ainsi que sur des études de cas enentreprise (n=150), l’article montre le passage progressifd’une approche « inductive »,inspirée de la démarche scientifique et basée surdes analyses approfondies du travail et descompétences-clés, à une démarche« déductive » basée surl’usage de dictionnaires de compétences,déjà formatés et répondant aux exigences dela pratique. Si la façon d’y parvenir est trèsdifférente, l’objectif est le même : obtenir unréférentiel de compétences traduisant le mieuxpossible les exigences de l’emploi et permettant de reconfigurerplusieurs pratiques en gestion des ressources humaines, telles que lasélection, la formation ou la gestion des carrières. Dansles faits, bon nombre d’entreprises ont pris l’habituded’utiliser simultanément et encomplémentarité les deux approches dans une formehybride. Le recours aux dictionnaires permet de dégagerl’espace des possibles et d’identifier rapidement lescompétences les plus critiques dans un cadre participatifdestiné à faciliter l’appropriation de ladémarche. Le travail plus analytique sur certainescompétences, à l’aide des entrevues baséessur les comportements, facilitera la validation de certaines opinionsà priori. À travers ce parcours, les auteurs soulignentles enjeux qui accompagnent le passage d’une théorieà son application pratique. En conclusion, ils se demandent sile « pari » de McClelland a ététenu et soulèvent la question des prédicteurs àvenir, en signalant plus particulièrement le concept de talentqui tend actuellement à remplacer celui de compétence. // Title in English: The Dissemination of Competency-Based Management Tools in North America since David C. McClelland. Summary: This article focuses on the predictors of job performance used by organizations in managing their human resources. It begins, in particular, with an examination of the events following the 1973 publication of a seminal article by David McClelland in American Psychologist recommending that organizations test for competence rather than intelligence when selecting. The article follows the development of this new predictor up to the present day and explores how competency theory has translated into models that can be applied in the world of work. Based on an analysis of North American literature and firm-level case studies (N=150), the article shows how the theory, first applied through an “inductive” approach-based on a scientific method and in-depth analyses of a given job and the key competencies needed for effective job performance—gradually shifted to a “deductive” approach—based on the use of pre-formatted competency dictionaries, addressing practical concerns. While these two approaches are quite different, they share the same goal, namely, obtaining a list of key competencies (between 6 and 20) that reflect the requirements of the job as closely as possible and help to reshape human resource practices such as selection, training and career management. In practice, many firms began simultaneously using both approaches in a complementary fashion, thus implementing a hybrid approach. In this approach, the use of dictionaries provides a broad selection of possible choices which enable firms to quickly identify the most crucial competencies in a participatory atmosphere, thereby making it easier to appropriate the approach. If necessary, behavioral-event interviews can then be held to examine some competencies in a more analytical way in order to validate some choices or opinions put forward in the first step. Throughout the article, the authors highlight the challenges that have accompanied the transition from theory to practice. In conclusion, they raise questions about the predictors to come, in particular the concept of talent which is currently overtaking the concept of competency.

In the neoliberal era, where teachers’ unions have suffered from a public backlash and legislative moves that have restricted collective bargaining rights and labour protections for educators, individual educators are becoming more politically active outside their unions. Some teachers are using a “narrative of care” when engaging in political dissent and resistance to articulate the caring components of their work and push back against a public dialogue that has focused on poorly performing schools and the financial burden of public education to taxpayers. This study explores two Twitter campaigns – #EvaluateThat in the US and #ThisIsMyStrikePay in British Columbia – to analyze how narratives of care are articulated and how these articulations act as a form of political dissent and resistance. I argue, building on the work of Donna Baines, Stephen Ackroyd, and Paul Thompson, that educators’ participation in these Twitter campaigns represents a form of grassroots dissent, which allows them to articulate their multiple identities – as educators, workers engaged in caring labour, and unionists. Moreover, this informal form of resistance can generate a stronger sense of solidarity rooted in these identities, which can intersect with and encourage participation in formal labour resistance and political activism.

[This book] is a collection of original papers that presents a vision of an invigorated and vibrant labour movement, one that would actively seek the full participation of women and other traditionally excluded groups, and that would willingly incorporate a feminist agenda. This vision challenges union complicity in the gendered segmentation of the labour market; union support for traditionalist ideologies about women's work, breadwinners, and male-headed families; union resistance to broader-based bargaining; and the marginalization of women inside unions. All of the authors share a commitment to workplace militancy and a more democratic union movement, to women's resistance to the devaluation of their work, to their agency in the change-making process. The interconnected web of militancy, democracy, and feminism provides the grounds on which unions can address the challenges of equity and economic restructuring, and on which the re-visioning of the labour movement can take place. The first of the four sections includes case studies of union militancy that highlight the experiences of individual women in three areas of female-dominated work: nursing, banking, and retailing. The second and third sections focus on the two key arenas of struggle where unions and feminism meet: inside unions, where women activists and staff confront the sexism of unions, and in the labour market, where women challenge their employers and their own unions. The fourth section deconstructs the conceptual tools of the discipline of industrial relations and examines its contribution to the continued invisibility of gender. --Publisher's description. Contents: Foreword / Judy Darcy -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Feminist Challenge to the Unions / Linda Briskin and Patricia McDermott. Part 1. Women on Strike. The Eaton's Strike: We Wouldn't Have Missed It for the World! / Patricia McDermott -- Alberta Nurses and the 'Illegal' Strike of 1988 / Rebecca Coulter -- Reflections on Life Stories: Women's Bank Union Activism / Patricia Baker. Part 2. The Politics of Gender within the Union Movement. Union Women and Separate Organizing / Linda Briskin -- Trade Union Leadership: Sexism and Affirmative Action / Carl J. Cuneo -- Women Working for Unions: Female Staff and the Politics of Transformation / Jane Stinson and Penni Richmond -- Black Women Speak Out: Racism and Unions / Ronnie Leah -- Unionism and Feminism in the Canadian Auto Workers Union, 1961-1992 / Pamela Sugiman. Part 3. Unions and Women Workers. Patterns of Unionization / Julie White -- Collective Bargaining and Women's Workplace Concerns / Pradeep Kumar -- The Gendered Dimension of Labour Law: Why Women Need Inclusive Unionism and Broader-based Bargaining / Judy Fudge -- Can a Disappearing Pie be Shared Equally?: Unions, Women, and Wage 'Fairness' / Rosemary Warskett -- Unions and Women's Occupational Health in Québec / Karen Messing and Donna Mergler -- From the DEW Line: The Experience of Canadian Garment Workers / Armine Yalniziyan -- Professions, Unions, or What?: Learning from Nurses Pat Armstrong. Part 4. Studying Women and Unions. A View from Outside the Whale: The Treatment of Women and Unions in Industrial Relations / Anne Forrest.

Bill 6, the government of Alberta’s contentious farm workers’ safety legislation, sparked public debate as no other legislation has done in recent years. The Enhanced Protection for Farm and Ranch Workers Act provides a right to work safely and a compensation system for those killed or injured at work, similar to other provinces. In nine essays, contributors to Farm Workers in Western Canada place this legislation in context. They look at the origins, work conditions, and precarious lives of farm workers in terms of larger historical forces such as colonialism, land rights, and racism. They also examine how the rights and privileges of farm workers, including seasonal and temporary foreign workers, conflict with those of their employers, and reveal the barriers many face by being excluded from most statutory employment laws, sometimes in violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. -- Publisher's description

The article reviews and comments on several books, including "Worth Striking For: Why Education Policy is Every Teacher’s Concern (Lessons from Chicago)," by Isabel Nuñez, Gregory Michie, and Pamela Konkol, "How to Jump-Start Your Union: Lessons from the Chicago Teachers," by Alexandra Bradbury, Mark Brenner, Jenny Brown, Jane Slaughter, and Samantha Winslow, and "Strike for America: Chicago Teachers Against Austerity" by Micah Uetricht.

In this essay, I focus on the first wave of [Ukrainian] immigrants who arrived from 1891 to the end of World War I and the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. My purpose is to understand the conditions that compelled these people to challenge exclusionary and exploitative practices, and expose the logic behind the dominant Canadian historical narrative that is so pregnant with the “pioneer myth." ...Four core contributions stem from my application of a situated critique: first, a rediscovery of the emancipatory praxis of Ukrainian Canadians from the era in question; second, a link between the particularities of their struggle to both coeval and current struggles; third, an analytical framework that exposes the reactionary tendencies in select writings about Ukrainian Canadians, and; fourth, an analytical framework that can be adapted to apply to the study of other groups and historical eras. --From author's introduction

The article reviews the book, "Within and Without the Nation: Canadian History as Transnational History," edited by Karen Dubinsky, Adele Perry, and Henry Yu.

Homeworkers are a globally significant part of the informal workforce, commonly regarded as invisible because their work is not recognized (Burchielli et al., 2008; Prugl, 1999). In this qualitative study, we examine homeworker invisibility in the case of Argentinian garment homework using the concepts of work invisibilization and work denial.The work invisibilization concept (Krinsky and Simonet, 2012), referring to devalorized work resulting from the neoliberal agenda, is used to understand recent global trends away from standard work arrangements/protections. Arising from the social relations of domination, invisibilized work is precarious, with irregular/ non-existent employment contracts and relationships. Invisibilization thus provides a valuable lens for analysing homework, which shares key characteristics with emerging forms of invisibilized employment. Homework however, has not transformed but has always been informal, characterized by inferior standards. To account for this, we articulate a concept of denial of work.Cohen's (2001) concept of denial describes broad dimensions, including different forms, strategies and levels of denial. Adapting these, we construct a framework to analyze the denial of Argentinian garment homework, enabling a detailed examination of the specific social actors and processes involved in casting homework as non-work.In considering the denial of homework in relation to invisibilization, we argue that these are related but distinct concepts. Used together, they help explain the low-power condition of two types of garment homeworkers in Argentina while also accounting for their differences: the mostly male, migrant workers employed in clandestine workshops (such as the Bolivians interviewed in our study), and the traditional, mostly female, Argentinian garment homeworkers.Our findings suggest that Bolivian immigrant homeworkers are partially visibilized due to NGO advocacy. However, as there are no improvements to their working conditions, they remained largely invisibilized through the effects of capitalism. By contrast, traditional women homeworkers have no representation and internalize their condition: their invisibilization is explained by the cumulative effects of capitalism and patriarchy. // Globalement, les travailleurs à domicile constituent une partie importante de la main-d'oeuvre informelle et ils sont communément considérés invisibles parce que leur travail n'est pas reconnu (Burchielli et al., 2008; Prugl, 1999). Dans cette étude qualitative, nous examinons l'invisibilité du travailleur à domicile dans l'industrie argentine du vêtement à domicile, en recourant aux concepts d'invisibilité et de déni du travail.Le concept d'invisibilité du travail (Krinsky et Simonet, 2012), lequel réfère à la dévalorisation du travail résultant de l'agenda néolibéral, est utilisé pour comprendre les tendances globales récentes d'éloignement des protections ou des contrats de travail « standard ». Découlant des relations sociales de domination, le travail invisible est précaire, avec des contrats de travail et des relations d'emploi nonexistants ou irréguliers. Le processus d'invisibilité procure alors une loupe intéressante pour analyser le travail à domicile, lequel partage certaines caractéristiques clés avec les formes émergentes de l'emploi invisible. L'emploi à domicile, toutefois, ne s'est pas transformé, mais a toujours été de nature informelle, caractérisé par des conditions de travail inférieures. Afin de rendre compte de ce phénomène, nous développons le concept de déni de l'emploi.Ce concept, emprunté à Cohen (2001), décrit de grandes dimensions, incluant diverses formes, stratégies et niveaux de déni. Adaptant cette réflexion théorique, nous avons construit un cadre d'analyse du déni de l'emploi à domicile dans l'industrie argentine du vêtement, permettant un examen en détail des acteurs sociaux et des processus spécifiques impliqués dans l'édification de ces emplois à domicile comme du non-travail.En considérant le déni de l'emploi à domicile en relation avec le concept d'invisibilité, nous soutenons qu'il s'agit là de deux concepts reliés, mais distincts. Pris ensemble, ils aident à expliquer les conditions de faible puissance de deux types d'emploi à domicile dans l'industrie du vêtement en Argentine, tout en rendant compte de leurs différences : d'abord, celui des travailleurs, principalement des hommes et immigrants, employés dans des ateliers clandestins (comme les Boliviens interviewés dans notre étude); et, ensuite, le secteur traditionnel de l'emploi à domicile argentin, composé principalement de femmes.Nos résultats suggèrent que les travailleurs à domicile immigrants boliviens sont partiellement rendus visibles grâce au travail de défense de leurs intérêts par des organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG). Toutefois, comme il n'y a pas d'améliorations de leurs conditions de travail, ils demeurent largement invisibles sous les effets du capitalisme. En revanche, les travailleuses à domicile traditionnelles ne sont pas représentées et, de ce fait, elles internalisent leurs conditions : leur invisibilité s'explique par les effets cumulatifs du capitalisme et du patriarcat.

Technologies in the first half of 21st century are developing new abilities to perform autonomously and compete with humans directly in more and more tasks, opening up the future possibility of increasing labour substitution. Using the theory of Cognitive Capitalism to examine advanced economies as the most recent form of capitalism shows that in the modern economy work is increasingly central to the lives of individuals due to new cognitive labour which requires more worker engagement than industrial labour. This requirement has strengthened the direct coercive mechanisms of the increasingly precarious wage relationship and weakened alternate income sources. This dissertation argues that automation in this context could be harmful to individuals required to depend on work to survive and evaluates three policy options against the goal of freeing individuals from this institutional constraint to work so that they can continue to fully and freely participate in society if widespread automation occurs.

The fluctuating expansion of oil sands development in northern Alberta, Canada has led to employers hiring a large number of mobile workers. The working conditions for some of these mobile workers are modulated in part by unions through their role in negotiating of collective bargaining agreements. Using a social reproductive framework, this study has two main findings: through collective agreements mobile workers are treated as a distinct category of worker, and there is a simultaneous expansion of workplace rules and regulations alongside a divide of the workplace from the home. The resulting expansion of the union regulated space in contrast to the divide of workplace from the home challenges union revitalization efforts, while also reaffirming traditional gendered experiences of mobility.

Research has consistently demonstrated that the long-term residential care (LTRC) frontline workforce encounters a range of serious health and safety hazards and risks that result in physical and psychological injury, illness, absenteeism, and related costs. Using the lens of feminist political economy, this dissertation explores the risks workers encounter on the frontlines of LTRC, how these workplace risks are shaped by broader social, economic, political, and historical factors, as well as the ways frontline workers resist, challenge, or shape the conditions of their work in this setting. My analysis of primary data is informed by interviews with 17 frontline workers working within for-profit, non-profit, and municipal LTRC facilities within Ontario and 2 key informants. Restructuring and reform of health and social care services under neoliberalism have profoundly transformed the character, funding, organization, and delivery of LTRC. These changes have serious implications for workforce configurations, the conditions of work and care, workplace health and safety, worker control over their labour, and capacities for worker resistance to the conditions of their work. Within the LTRC organizational hierarchy, frontline workers are of marginal status. The frontline workforce is composed predominately of women and increasingly marginalized immigrants and racialized groups, whose care labour on the frontlines is often naturalized, undervalued, and treated as unskilled and safe. This research provides evidence that restructuring and work reorganization processes, policies, and practices constitute a form of structural violence, which contribute to, intensify, and/or give rise to new sources of struggle, inequity, risk, violence, alienation, and exploitation on the everyday/everynight frontlines of LTRC.

Now in its seventh edition, Rethinking Canada presents compelling essays on the fascinating lives, struggles, and contributions of women in Canadian history. Reflecting an interdisciplinary approach, this comprehensive and engaging resources stresses the diversity of women's history and demonstrates the analytical richness of ongoing research in the field. Featuring insightful chapter introductions that provide scholarly and historical context for each reading, [the book] helps students gain a more nuanced understanding of women's experiences across Canads's history. --Publisher's description

Sarah Carter's "Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies" examines the goals, aspirations, and challenges met by women who sought land of their own. Supporters of British women homesteaders argued they would contribute to the "spade-work" of the Empire through their imperial plots, replacing foreign settlers and relieving Britain of its surplus women. Yet far into the twentieth century there was persistent opposition to the idea that women could or should farm: British women were to be exemplars of an idealized white femininity, not toiling in the fields. In Canada, heated debates about women farmers touched on issues of ethnicity, race, gender, class, and nation. Despite legal and cultural obstacles and discrimination, British women did acquire land as homesteaders, farmers, ranchers, and speculators on the Canadian prairies. They participated in the project of dispossessing Indigenous people. Their complicity was, however, ambiguous and restricted because they were excluded from the power and privileges of their male counterparts. Imperial Plots depicts the female farmers and ranchers of the prairies, from the Indigenous women agriculturalists of the Plains, to the land army women of the First World War. --Publisher's description

Over the past decade, Canada has experienced considerable growth in labour migration. Moreover, temporary labour migration has replaced permanent immigration as the primary means by which people enter Canada. Utilizing the rhetoric of maintaining competitiveness, Canadian employers and the state have ushered in an era of neoliberal migration alongside an agenda of austerity flowing from capitalist crisis. Labour markets have been restructured to render labour more flexible and precarious, and in Canada as in other high-income capitalist labour markets, employers are relying on migrant and immigrant workers as "unfree labour." This book explores labour migration to Canada and how public policies of temporary and guest worker programs function in the global context of work and capitalist restructuring. Contributors are directly engaged with the issues emerging from the influx of temporary foreign workers and Canada's "creeping economic apartheid." --Publisher's description

The article reviews the book, "Terrifying Muslims: Race and Labor in the South Asian Diaspora," by Junaid Rana.

The article reviews the book, "Leverage of the Weak: Labor and Environmental Movements in Taiwan and South Korea," by Hwa-Jen Liu.

The article reviews the book, "Building the Golden Gate Bridge," by Harvey Schwartz.

The article reviews the book, "Comparing Quebec and Ontario: Political Economy and Public Policy at the Turn of the Millennium," by Rodney Haddow.

Based on the life course perspective and the sociology of individuation, this article aims to examine the temporal processes at work in the decision of nurses to leave their jobs and the role played by different life contexts in guiding this decision. Based on a qualitative approach that sought to develop an in-depth understanding of the reasons why so many young nurses want to leave their jobs, we present four job-leaving pathways that account for the social dimensions involved in the nurses' decision to leave their jobs. The findings reveal that the nurses' decision to leave their jobs represents a complex process that involved various dimensions of their lives, and was closely tied to their quest for self-fulfillment through work and in other spheres of their lives. // À partir de l'approche des parcours de vie et de la sociologie de l'individuation, cet article propose d'examiner les processus temporels à l'oeuvre dans la décision de quitter son emploi et le rôle des différents contextes de vie dans l'orientation de ce processus. Une étude qualitative a été menée auprès d'infirmières et d'infirmières auxiliaires afin de comprendre « de l'intérieur », c'est-à-dire à partir de la perspective des acteurs, les raisons motivant autant de jeunes infirmières à vouloir quitter leur emploi. L'approche théorique retenue insiste sur l'importance de considérer l'interaction entre les différents contextes de vie d'un individu, l'environnement social dans lequel il évolue et les choix professionnels qu'il fait. Des entrevues de type récit de vie ont été menées au cours desquelles les infirmières ont été questionnées sur l'ensemble de leur trajectoire professionnelle et les événements de leur vie professionnelle, personnelle et familiale, qui, de leur point de vue, ont contribué à la décision de quitter leur emploi. Au total, 26 infirmières de moins de 35 ans ont été rencontrées. L'analyse des données a permis de dégager une typologie des parcours de départ structurée autour de trois principales dimensions : 1- l'aspect temporel des départs (à court ou à long terme); 2- l'évolution de l'expérience subjective de travail; et 3- la phase de la vie professionnelle ou personnelle au moment de la prise de décision. Les résultats démontrent que la décision de quitter se présente comme un processus qui se construit dans un laps de temps plus ou moins long et qui implique différentes dimensions de la vie des infirmières. Ainsi, deux axes de tensions à la source des départs ont été identifiés : 1- les tensions engendrées par un écart entre les attentes de réalisation de soi au travail et la réalité d'emploi; et 2- les tensions provoquées par un emploi qui limite les possibilités de se réaliser dans les autres domaines de la vie.

Based on focus group interviews of front line staff, this study explored the lived experiences of workers in the developmental services sector in Ontario. The workers were employed at non-profit organizations and provided a range of community and social services to people with developmental disabilities. The impact of government austerity exacerbated chronic problems facing workers in the sector. Common themes in the work experiences included an intensification of workloads, the degradation of services with the return of custodial care, more complex labour relations, and unique forms of solidarity that extended beyond traditional union models. The study demonstrates how workers strive to overcome the barriers to street-level advocacy.