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Dès la fin de la guerre de Sept Ans, un nombre croissant d'Irlandais ont migré au Canada à la recherche d'une vie meilleure. Libérés des contraintes économiques et sociales étouffantes qui les retenaient dans leur pays d'origine, ils ont prospéré, notamment au Québec et en Ontario. Dans cet ouvrage synthèse, Lucille H. Campey dépeint les communautés irlandaises qui se sont formées dans différentes régions de l'Ontario et du Québec aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, à travers un récit informatif et vivant de cette grande saga de l'immigration. L'ouvrage décrit aussi les navires qui les ont transportés, dévoile les nombreuses réalisations de ces pionniers et décons­truit ainsi les interprétations modernes tendant à victimiser cette population. --Publisher's description

This thesis examines shifting masculinities and platform labour, following eleven semi-structured interviews conducted with male Toronto-based Uber and Lyft rideshare workers with dependents (children). Women have commonly done non-standard work, hence the proliferation of non-standard work being contextualized as the ‘feminization of work’ (Zahn, 2019). In contrast, rideshare work is a non-standard form of gig work done predominantly by men, rendering it a relevant form of platform work to examine with its complicated relationship to the historical context of gender and nonstandard work. This thesis argues for a need to organize the worker as a whole, examining how workers’ unpaid social reproductive labour and balancing of rideshare work, and often another form of paid work, impacts the viability of classic organizing methods. I argue that these issues of convoluted boundaries between paid and unpaid work must be incorporated into the potential organizing demands of a rideshare workers’ union and identify areas for further research on organizing rideshare workers accounting for shifting masculinities.

The article reviews the book, "Nii Ndahlohke: Boys' and Girls' Work at Mount Elgin Industrial School, 1890–1915," by Mary Jane Logan McCallum.

Environmental racism is a structural, historical and ongoing fact of life for many Indigenous, Black and racially marginalized communities in Canada. Yet climate change discussions, lacking an anti-racism and intersectional lens, have largely ignored how Indigenous, Black and racially marginalized communities are inequitably impacted by the climate emergency. At the same time, policies to promote a just transition to a sustainable economy provide an opportunity for the creation of good green jobs. Such pathways into the green economy will only be inclusive if the voices of Indigenous, Black and racialized people and their communities are heard. Otherwise, the green economic transformation will only further reinforce the structural racial economic inequalities present in Canadian society and the genocidal impacts of the climate emergency will continue. In the end, we believe that worker power guided by a critical race, class, gender and intersectional analysis is an essential component in a strategy to win and secure a just transition to a green, sustainable and inclusive economy. The scale of the engagement must involve the entire movement working in genuine partnership with community coalition partners to ensure that the new green economy does not look like the old White economy.

New research on the workings of the ‘web of empire’ have revealed that the British Empire was not only sustained by raw materials from India but depended significantly on its manpower working as ‘coolies’, or indentured labourers, in distant plantations in Mauritius, Fiji, West Indies, East and South Africa, and the Straits Settlements. The white dominions of Canada, Australia and the United States (US) similarly depended on low-paid labourers from the East for much of their work of opening up and colonising the prairie wastes. Initially, the bulk of migrants from India in North America came from among the strong and hard-working Sikhs of the Punjab province of India, who found it lucrative to work in these places, lured by the comparatively higher wages than they could obtain at home. However, as the market for labour became saturated by the first decade of the twentieth century, these countries began to erect legal barriers to the free entry of these Indian migrants under pressure from domestic workers, unwilling to face competition from migrants. This came as a great shock to migrant Indians, who had until then been thinking of the empire as a vast field of ‘shared opportunities’. In 1908, Canada tried to exclude Indian migrant labour by legislation, which insisted on ‘continuous passage’ for entering into the ports of the country. This would automatically disable Sikh migrants, who had to change ships to reach Canada. Gurdit Singh’s attempt to charter a Japanese ship, Komagata Maru, in June 1914 to ensure continuous passage for the Sikh migrants to Canada was a challenge to this legal barrier against the migrants. The turning back of this ship from Vancouver shattered the belief of the migrants in an equal imperial citizenship, and it became incendiary material for the revolutionary nationalist propaganda of the Ghadr conspirators, based in San Francisco. Student radicals in Canada and America, such as Lala Har Dayal, Kartar Singh Sarabha, G. D. Kumar and Husain Rahim tried to contact radicals all over the world, in India House in the United Kingdom (UK), France, Egypt, Turkey and Switzerland, and tried to spread their message through journals, like the Ghadr and the Hindustanee from San Francisco and the Al Kasas from Egypt. They even linked their efforts with German imperialist conspirators to gain funding and guidance in their common mission against British imperialism. --Publisher's summary

Les espaces de coworking sont propices aux interactions sociales, influencées en partie par la configuration de l’environnement. Impliquant le partage des locaux et du mobilier, l’aire ouverte crée une coprésence entre les personnes. Néanmoins, cette coprésence ne suffit pas à stimuler les interactions professionnelles, moins nombreuses que les interactions informelles. De plus, le bruit de parole est la principale contrainte du travail en aire ouverte. Dans ce contexte, cette étude en ergonomie vise à relever les conditions et les caractéristiques des interactions se produisant en aire ouverte. La méthodologie a été déployée auprès de 87 personnes, pendant 44 demi-journées et dans cinq espaces de coworking. Les personnes ont été observées dans l’aire ouverte pendant deux heures : toutes leurs interactions ont été relevées avec une grille d’observation papier et un plan d’observation informatisé. Ensuite, elles ont été interrogées individuellement dans une entrevue basée sur la technique de l’autoconfrontation. D’après les résultats, les interactions sont de courte durée (3 ± 6,55 ; 0,5-52) et se produisent surtout entre des personnes installées à la même table. Les trois quarts des interactions avec un-e collègue ont concerné des travailleur-ses salarié-es alors que les trois quarts des interactions avec un-e autre coworkeur-e ont concerné des travailleur-ses autonomes. Les interactions portant sur le contenu du travail ont été les plus nombreuses, suivies de près par les interactions informelles. L’étude propose plusieurs pistes d’amélioration de la dynamique sociale pour les responsables de la gestion, de l’animation, de l’architecture et de l’aménagement des espaces de coworking : repérer celles et ceux qui souhaitent s’installer en groupe, sélectionner les profils selon les caractéristiques de l’espace, ou organiser le mobilier selon ces profils.

This qualitative research study examines how the Labour Market Integration (LMI) site constitutes a site of ongoing colonial violence and spirit injury, where race plays a central role in legitimizing the politics of credential recognition, in which Foreign Educated Racialized Immigrant Women (FERIW) are evicted from the category “qualified” in Canada. My analysis draws upon concepts of racial capitalism and structural violence to locate the acts of eviction that FERIW are subjected to within the LMI space in Canada and the consequences and impacts of this eviction. I argue that racialized immigration on the move to Canada represents the human face of Canada’s ongoing nation-building and economic policy agenda. The LMI space reinforces and reproduces the colonial racial hierarchical order in Canada. Based on qualitative interviews with 12 FERIW, I explore how within the LMI space, racialized immigrant women are stripped of their foreign credentials, discursively framed as unqualified and deficient, and repurposed as a source of cheap labour within the political economy. Delegitimization carries severe material and socio-economic consequences. The intersectionality of race, ethnicity, gender, class, and immigrant status results in FERIW becoming “ghettoized” into low-paying, precarious, low-end jobs, and, for many of these women, low income and poverty. This work represents a decolonial work articulated through anti-colonial and feminist anti-racist theory, to present a nuanced historical account of the experiences of gendered racialized immigrant labour within global and local structures that look very similar to the old structures of colonialism.

The article reviews the book, "Scoundrels and Shirkers: Capitalism and Poverty in Britain," by Jim Silver.

Menée au sein d’une collectivité territoriale, cette recherche-action visait à introduire une démarche Living lab dans un service de 42 agents. Reposant sur des principes de participation, de gouvernance partagée, d’apprenance et d’ateliers co-élaboratifs, la démarche a été impulsée adaptée dans l’objectif de traiter de la qualité de vie et des conditions de travail des agents. À partir de recueils de données effectués à intervalles réguliers au cours de la démarche, les analyses réalisées avec les acteurs témoignent d’une amélioration de la qualité de vie au travail et de leur appropriation de pratiques participatives et consultatives dans leur fonctionnement quotidien. Ces résultats s’expliquent a priori tant par les caractéristiques méthodologiques de la démarche (participation, co-élaboration, volontariat…) que par l’influence de déterminants organisationnels et managériaux propres à l’évolution du service (recrutement, investissements…). Cette étude illustre ainsi l’importance (i) des principes d’expression et de participation des travailleurs et (ii) de développer une recherche centrée sur les méthodes et processus de transformation et de changement organisationnel favorisant la qualité de vie et des conditions de travail. En outre, cette étude ouvre à de nombreux questionnements : à quelles conditions organisationnelles, méthodologiques ou psychosociales de tels processus peuvent-ils se pérenniser et s’inscrire dans la culture organisationnelle ? À quelles conditions une recherche-action en sciences sociales peut-elle être participative, et avec quelles limites ?

Few studies have examined the relationship between dark triad personality traits and behavioral outcomes in healthcare organizations. Recent literature has called for much more extensive research on this issue because the dark triad can negatively affect healthcare organizations. To this end, we examined how dark triad traits relate to counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), as reported by supervisors and nurses. We surveyed Arab nurses in Israel, specifically 267 nurses at Arab hospitals and retirement homes in the North of the country, and obtained a response rate of 57%. We found that CWB (nurse-reported) is positively associated with secondary psychopathy and negatively associated with narcissism. We also found that OCB (nurse-reported) is negatively associated with secondary psychopathy and positively associated with narcissism. Both primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism are weakly associated with CWB and OCB. We conclude that these destructive behaviours are detrimental to organizational effectiveness and might lead to low-quality patient care. They should be addressed by management.

"This edited volume provides a comprehensive scan of the politics and policies that inform and shape precarity in adult, community, and vocational education. It will explore the in/adequacy of existing theories of adult and workplace education and professional development to capture the experiences of the precariat"-- Provided by publisher

The article reviews the book, "Constructing the Family: Marriage and Work in Nineteenth-Century English Law," by Luke Taylor.

Migrant Workers in the Canadian Maritimes is a research and knowledge dissemination platform coordinated between Dalhousie University (Halifax, Nova Scotia), St. Thomas University (Fredericton, New Brunswick) and Cooper Institute (Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island). It involves the establishment of a collaboration amongst community allies: The Filipino-Canadian CommUNITY of New Brunswick (FCNB); KAIROS: Canadian Ecumenical Justice Initiatives (New Brunswick); United Food and Commercial Workers Union (UFCW); Madhu Verma Migrant Justice Centre; and intends to examine the health and safety of temporary foreign workers (TFWs). --Website description

La littérature existante s’est intéressée aux liens entre genre et conflit entre travail et famille, mais a peu exploré l’effet modérateur des stéréotypes de genre sur les effets différenciés du genre en fonction de la direction (conflit travail-famille et conflit famille-travail) et/ou de la dimension (temps, tension, comportements, cognition). La présente recherche utilise la dernière vague de l’enquête européenne sur les conditions de travail pour étudier l’effet modérateur des stéréotypes de genre à l’échelle nationale sur les effets du genre sur quatre combinaisons (direction x dimension) du conflit entre travail et famille. Cela permet de montrer que le conflit entre travail et famille est globalement moins élevé dans les pays caractérisés par une vision plus égalitaire du genre, et que, sur deux des quatre combinaisons, et sur le conflit global, cet effet est plus marqué pour les hommes que pour les femmes. Ces résultats nous permettent de discuter avec la littérature existante, à l’aune de la théorie des rôles de genre.

The article reviews the book, "Le capital algorithmique : accumulation, pouvoir et résistance à l’ère de l’intelligence artificielle," by Jonathan Durand Folco and Jonathan Martineau.

Spaces of work and economic activity cause the most significant and widespread harm to animals so are particularly significant when thinking about how to both understand and promote solidarity with animals. This chapter begins by establishing what ‘animals at work’ means and then reestablishes the importance of the concept of interspecies solidarity as both a process and goal. It expands on earlier analyses and suggests that the principles of equity and care offer complementary and compelling guidance and impetus to deepen and enrich the application of the concept of solidarity. There are three levels within which these ethical priorities can be translated into meaningful, material changes: the interpersonal, the organizational, and the governmental/legislative (or, the micro, meso, and macro level). Some workplace contexts are ethically indefensible and should be replaced through just humane jobs transitions. Others have more positive potential, and, in these cases, interspecies solidarity could result in meaningful changes.

The article reviews the book, "Le droit du travail en sociologie," by Vincent-Arnaud Chappe and Jean-Philippe Tonneau.

This article is concerned with the historical evolution of the mining industry in Canada since 1859. The focus is directed on changes that occurred in the industry and allows for the identification of four distinct mining regimes. These regimes are defined using the Regulation Theory, which connects conditions of production, technical progress, financial structures, and social relations. The identification of regimes gives a portrait of continuity and change in the industry. Continuity is present in the active role of the state, the legal framework based on Free Mining Principle and persistent speculation in the industry. Change is illustrated in price cycle, labour share and technological innovation. Interestingly, through time, price cycles have very different outcomes in financial and real economic terms. The most recent upswing in the late 1990s resulted in a punctual increase of financial assets but no significant increase in employment. Through this discussion, it becomes evident that the mechanisms underlying continuity and change have implications on the nature of state intervention and on the distribution of power between the corporate and regional actors like the workers and indigenous communities.

Unions can increase the power of workers through both collective bargaining and political avenues, potentially creating less income inequality and poverty. However, this potential may not be realized. Drawing on power resource theory, this study uses panel data to investigate the connection between unionization and two measures of after-tax inequality – the income share of the top 1% and the Gini coefficient – and three measures of poverty – the percentage of the population below the low-income cut-off, the average income of the bottom decile, and the percent of the population below the low-income measure – between Canadian provinces from 2000 to 2020. We find that unionization is negatively associated with income inequality in Canada. This relationship is statistically significant. However, we do not find evidence of any statistical association between unionization and poverty in Canada.

Although Canadian history has no shortage of stories about disasters and accidents, the phenomenon of risk, upset, and misfortune has been largely overlooked by historians. Disasters get their due, but not so the smaller scale accident where fate is more intimate. Yet such events often have a vivid afterlife in the communities where they happen, and the way in which they are explained and remembered has significant social, cultural, and political meaning. An Accidental History of Canada brings together original studies of an intriguing range of accidents stretching from the 1630s to the 1970s. These include workplace accidents, domestic accidents, childhood accidents, and leisure accidents in colonial, Indigenous, rural, and urban settings. Whether arising from colonial power relations, urban dangers, perils in resource extraction, or hazardous recreations, most accidents occur within circumstances of vulnerability, and reveal precarity and inequities not otherwise apparent. Contributors to this volume are alert to the intersections of the settler agenda and the elevation of risk that it brought. Indigenous and settler ways of understanding accidents are juxtaposed, with chapters exploring the links between accidents and the rise of the modern state. An Accidental History of Canada makes plain that whether they are interpreted as an intervention by providence, a miscalculation, inevitability, or the result of observable risk, accidents--and our responses to them--reveal shared values. -- Publisher's description