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Drawing on historical sources and interviews, this paper discusses several key forces that have shaped the development of the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery in Newfoundland. Once commonly discarded as a pest, snow crab has emerged as the economic foundation of many rural coastal communities since the cod moratorium of the early 1990s. While this fishery has brought unprecedented prosperity to some commercial fishers, it has also been prone to significant price fluctuations and the benefits accruing from it have not been widely shared. Accordingly, it has also been marked by frequent and often bitter conflicts between different crab fishing fleet sectors and between crab fishers, processing companies, and processing plant workers. These tensions reflect fundamentally different visions of how to sustain the fishery into the future and which priorities should decide who benefits most from the crab resource.

This research uses data from a large Canadian research university to explore the sources of the gender pay gap. It is the first analysis of the joint impact on the pay gap of two recent factors: the increased use by universities of market supplements and the implementation of the Canada Research Chairs program. In addition, it considers both individual and structural determinants of the remuneration gap, something few other studies have done. We examine the contributions to the gap of the following: base pay, promotion to full professor, access to market supplements, and amounts of market supplements. We show that the effects of these factors vary with the proportions of female faculty members within units and that the magnitude of gender differences may vary with the degree of formalization in remuneration practices.

The article reviews the book, "Gender, Health, and Popular Culture: Historical Perspectives," edited by Cheryl Krasnick Warsh.

Tight labor markets driven by resource booms could increase the opportunity cost of schooling and crowd out human capital formation. For oil-producing economies such as the Province of Alberta, the OPEC oil shocks during the period from 1973 to 1981 may have had an adverse long-term effect on the productivity of the labor force if the oil boom resulted in workers reducing their ultimate investment in human capital rather than merely altering the timing of schooling. The authors analyze the effect of this decade-long oil boom on the long-term human capital investments and productivity for Alberta birth cohorts that were of normal schooling ages before, during, and after the oil boom. Their findings suggest that resource booms may change the timing of schooling but they do not reduce the total accumulation of human capital.

The article reviews the book, "Sounds of Ethnicity: Listening to German North America, 1850-1914," by Barbara Lorenzkowski.

The article reviews the book, "Champagne and Meatballs: Adventures of a Canadian Communist," by Bert Whyte, edited by Larry Hannant.

The article reviews the book, "In the Mood for Munsingwear: Minnesota's Claim to Underwear Fame," by Susan Marks.

The article reviews the book, "Welfare," by Mary Daly.

The article reviews the book, "Opportunity Denied: Limiting Black Women to Devalued Work," by Enobong Hannah Branch.

During the mid–2000s the number of temporary foreign workers (TFWs) present in Canada increased dramatically, more than tripling in eight years. The bulk of the increase was due to an expansion of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) to include lower–skilled occupations. The stated reason for the expansion was to address short–term labour shortages. Contrary to expectations, upon the onset of the economic downturn in 2008, the number of TFWs did not decrease significantly, and appears to be increasing again in 2010 and 2011. This paper tracks the evolution of the TFWP from a stable program designed to address short–term labour needs in high–skilled occupations into a broader labour market tool. The paper examines the most recent available statistical data for the TFWP and other documentary evidence to argue the role of the TFWP in Canada´s labour market has quietly shifted, becoming a permanent, large–scale labour pool for many industries, reminiscent of European migrant worker programs. The paper also examines the potential labour market implications of an expanded, entrenched TFWP.

This article focuses on interactions between dispatchers and drivers in addressing issues related to high turnover in the trucking industry. The study uses a qualitative approach, based on 17 individual interviews and three group discussions with dispatchers, truck drivers and labour and management representatives from 11 different Quebec-based organizations. The results reveal four key characteristics influencing the day-to-day dynamics of trucking operations: 1) the importance of dispatcher-driver interactions in efficient and quality work operations; 2) the precedence of customer satisfaction in these interactions; 3) the interdependent nature of the dispatcher-driver relationship; and 4) the role of listening and mutual respect. These findings provide new insight into understanding this relationship that is critical to driver retention.

This article examines the round of collective bargaining that took place between the Canadian Autoworkers (CAW), Canada’s largest private-sector union, and the ‘Big Three’ auto manufacturers (Ford, Chrysler, and General Motors) during the most recent crisis of capitalism (sometimes popularly referred to as the ‘Great Recession’). During this round of bargaining, the union made concessions in order to secure production; the article argues what while this may have represented a short-term success, in the long run the union has implicitly bought into the logics of neoliberalism, which will have disastrous consequences for both the union and the larger labour movement.

The scope of labour rights that are protected by constitutional protections of freedom of association is highly contested and, increasingly, is being litigated before courts. In Canada, the Supreme Court began in 2001 to chip away at jurisprudence that provided a narrow interpretation of freedom of association, and, in 2007, it over-ruled precedent to hold that freedom of association includes collective bargaining. However, this incremental expansion of the freedom of association to include core labour rights came to a halt in the Supreme Court's April 2011 decision Attorney General of Ontario v Fraser. Although a majority of the Court agreed that freedom of association includes collective bargaining, Fraser is remarkable for the extent of disagreement amongst members of the Court over the scope of collective bargaining and how this disagreement has influenced the tone and cogency of the Court's reasoning. This article begins by providing a history of the successive rounds of litigation leading to the Supreme Court's decision in Fraser. This legal context is important because it is barely visible in the majority and concurring judgments, which read as if collective bargaining rights for agricultural workers were a subsidiary concern, and not the issue in dispute. The article then examines the four judgments that make up the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in Fraser, focusing exclusively on the freedom of association arguments. The implications of the Fraser decision for the immediate future of constitutional litigation and labour rights in Canada are discussed in the final section.

This article examines the resettlement of Japanese-Canadian internally displaced persons (IDPS), who were relocated from the West Coast of British Columbia to sugar beet communities in southern Alberta between 1942 and 1953. It argues that the IDPS, assisted both by pre-World War II Japanese residents in southern Alberta and by the federal government, contributed to the rising awareness of ethnic rights. For this purpose, my study adds two new angles to the study of human rights and Japanese Canadians. First, while ethnic activism for human rights has often been examined in an urban context, it was the negotiations in the local sphere between the Alberta Sugar Beet Growers' Association and Japanese IDPS that played a significant role in promoting human rights. Second, this study applies both local and transnational contexts to the question of Japanese-Canadian IDPS, which has hitherto been studied only in terms of state violence against, an ethnic minority. The Japanese IDPS retained Pure Land Buddhism as a symbol of their loyalty to Japan, and the religion strengthened its influence in southern Alberta as a focal point of their identity.

This article presents results from research carried out in France on the transmission of professional knowledge between more experienced nurses and healthcare assistants and the new recruits. Based on an ergonomic analysis of three transmission situations, this article analyzes the place of care when passing on knowledge, looking at organizational, individual and collective aspects. It is suggested that transmission should be considered as a nodal activity. It is certainly an activity that ensures that links can be established within the profession and that there can be discussion between staff with different levels of experience and different career paths; however, it is also an area of tension between the demands of the organization and those of the profession, especially in relation to the cure and care of patients. One of the key points in relation to transmission is that it ensures that existing and new staff remain healthy and are able to provide the quality of work to which they aspire.

Global Knowledge Work: Diversity and Relational Perspectives, edited by Katerina Nicolopoulou, Mine Karatas-Ozkan, Ahu Tatli and John Taylor, is reviewed.

The article reviews the book, "Brokering Belonging: Chinese in Canada's Exclusion Era, 1885-1945," by Lisa Rose Mar.

The article reviews the book, "L'émergence de la modernité urbaine au Québec. Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, 1880-1930," by Jean Gaudette.