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The essence of a system of extending collective agreements to nonunionized parts of an industry which is unique in North America and specific to Quebec is to allow government to make some provisions of a collective agreement compulsory for 3rd parties, employers, and wage-earners who are not parties to the agreement. Most commonly, a sort of 2-stage negotiation takes place. First, the unionized firms, the ones with certified unions, negotiate their collective agreement as they would normally do under the Labor Code provisions. Then a 2nd round takes place on a voluntary basis among the employers and unions that are interested in filing a request with the Minister of Labor to have their agreement extended. When the minister receives the petition of the parties and the text of the agreement, they are first both published. The minister receives any objections during a period of 30 days. The extension is proclaimed by way of a decree or order-in-council. Despite difficulties, the system operates, and most likely, to the satisfaction of the parties directly involved in its day-to-day functioning.

Canadian input-output and census data is used from 1961, 1971, and 1981 to decompose employment changes during each decade into 9 sources. The goals are to identify: the main sources of growth in aggregate employment, factors which facilitated the more rapid growth of employment in the 1970s, and some reasons for intersectoral shifts of employment and changes in occupational composition of employment. The share of information-related jobs in total employment grew more rapidly during the 1960s than the 1970s. Most of the growth in the share of information workers in total employment has derived from changes in the occupational mix. However, differences in growth rates of employment between industries, related to differences in the rates of change in hours worked, labor productivity, final demand and changes in the input-output matrix, have also contributed to this shift toward information-related occupations.

This paper underlines the significance of farm dwellers to the wage labour force during the first half of the 19th century. It begins with a consideration of the influences which led farm dwellers in the northeast Maritimes to seek wage work. It then examines the types of work that they became involved with, emphasizing the variety in their work experiences, both in local and in distant settings. It concludes with a consideration of some of the consequences that followed from the involvement of farm dwellers in wage labour.

The article reviews the books "Who Built America? Working People and the Nation's Economy, Politics, Culture and Society: From Conquest and Colonization Through Reconstruction and the Great Uprising of 1877," Vol. I, by Bruce Levine, Stephen Brier, and David Brundage and "Who Built America? Working People and the Nation's Economy, Politics, Culture and Society: From the Gilded Age to the Present," Vol. II, by Joshua Freeman, Nelson Lichtenstein, and Susan Porter Benson.

The article reviews the book, "Getting Work: Philadelphia, 1840-1950," by Walter Licht.

The article reviews the book, "Index et résumés des sentences arbitrales de griefs, logiciel «Naturel»," by Coplanam Ltée.

The article reviews the book, "Traité de négociation collective," by Gérard Hébert.

The article reviews the book, "Labour Arbitration in America," by the National Academy of Arbitrators and the NAA Research and Education Foundation.

The article reviews the book, "Jurisprudence commentée en droit du travail, de 1898 à nos jours," by Fernand Morin.

The article reviews the book, "Classes sociales et mouvements sociaux au Québec et au Canada: Essai-synthese et bibliographie," by David Descent, Louis Maheu, Martin Robitaille, and Gilles Simard.

The article reviews the book, "Schooling for "Good Rebels": Socialist Education for Children in the United States, 1900-1920," by Kenneth Teitelbaum.

This essay explores relations of gender and class, and the strategies developed by male unionists in defence of masculine craft status in the International Typo- graphical Union (ITU), the International Printing Pressmen's and Assistants' Union (IPP&AU), and the International Brotherhood of Bookbinders (IBB), between 1850 and 1914. The ITU and IPP&AU organized along masculine craft lines and effectively defended their status within the workplace with industrial capitalist incursions and the mechanization of the production process. A crisis to male domination of typesetting occurred with the introduction of machine typesetting in newspaper production during the early 1890s. The ITU succeeded in securing control over the operations of the machines for its predominately male membership. By the mid-19th century the work of press feeder was defined as unskilled work suitable for women and boys. With the introduction of larger and faster presses during the last two decades of the 19th century, the IPP&AU struggled to appropriate the task for masculinity using the male breadwinner ideal. The IBB actively supported the organization of women bindery workers from its inception in 1892, albeit with the intent of protecting the interests of journeymen.

The article reviews the book, "Plaisir d'amour et crainte de Dieu : sexualité et confession au Bas-Canada," by Serge Gagnon.

The article reviews the book, "The union and its members," by Julian Barling, Clive Fullagar, and E. Kevin Kelloway.

The article reviews the book, "L'avènement de la linotype: les cas de Montréal à la fin du XIXe siècle," by Bernard Dansereau.

The work of Boivin (1992) and Meltz (1992) on the issue of industrial relations as a discipline is expanded by exploring the implications of this debate for graduate curricula. The debate over whether industrial relations constitutes a discipline is presented, and then some of the implications of the outcome of this debate for the development of industrial relations teaching units and curriculum content are discussed. The alternative organizational approaches to graduate-level study of industrial relations in Canada and the US are broadly characterized. Some of the factors giving rise to the wide variety of programs observed in both countries are presented. Like Boivin, undergraduate labor studies programs are not considered. Some of the factors influencing changes in program content are considered, and the implications of these for the future study of and instruction in industrial relations are discussed.

A labor shortage in 1922, the promise of a bumper yield in 1923, and increased imperialist sentiment resulted in the recruitment of nearly 12,000 British workers to assist Canadian harvesters with the 1923 prairie wheat crop. Since most of them came from the cities they found the transition to western agriculture difficult and their complaints about the treatment they endured caused considerable damage to Canada's image abroad. Nevertheless, many persevered and returned home after the harvest satisfied. Those who remained to make a new life for themselves had a harder time since they were forced to take farm work at subsistence wages for the winter. Others chose to seek work in their own trades in Canada's cities. Like many, those in Toronto faced unemployment but, with the help of area radicals, the militants among them decided to lead a long march to demand work at reasonable wages from the Mackenzie King government. Despite unrelenting harassment from public officials they remained united and, with the assistance of citizens in the communities along the way, they reached the capital bedraggled but defiant a fortnight later. While their march proved futile in the short term, it was an early example of escalating militancy among the unemployed, both domestic and immigrant, which helped to focus attention on both the plight of unskilled labor in a national economy and on the short-sighted, employer-driven immigration policies.

The article reviews the book, "Corporate Canada: An Historical Outline," by Gerry van Houten.

The article reviews the book, "Gender Conflicts: New Essays in Women's History," edited by Franca Iacovetta and Mariana Valverde.