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The development of industrial capitalism in the second half of the nineteenth century in Ontario brought new and more serious hazards into the workplace and drew women and children into the waged labour force. As a result of working class lobbying and the efforts of middle class reformers, the state empowered itself to regulate health and safety conditions in factories and to protect child and female labour. The implementation of these regulations was left to an inspectorate which was armed with substantial legal powers to enforce the law. These powers were rarely invoked by the inspectors. However, the failure to prosecute does not in itself indicate that the law was unenforced. An alternative enforcement strategy based on persuasion was followed by most inspectors. It has been argued that persuasion was chosen over prosecution because it made more efficient use of the scarce enforcement resources available to the inspectors, and that persuasion was effective. This paper argues that although it is true that the government chose to devote woefully inadequate resources to enforcement of factory legislation, this is not an adequate explanation of the inspectors' enforcement behaviour. The belief that persuasion was an effective enforcement model also flowed from the inspectors' values and assumptions, including the following: that worker carelessness was the major cause of accidents; that employers were socially responsible; that workers and employers had common interests in occupational health and safety; and that women and children needed special protection. It is further argued that persuasion was not an effective enforcement strategy, especially because it was linked with an acceptance by the inspectors of 'normal' industrial practices, even where those practices generated significant risks for workers. In effect, health and safety regulation probably did as much to legitimate industrial capitalism as it did to protect workers health and safety.
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This article reviews the book, "The Jews of Detroit: From the Beginning, 1762-1914," by Robert A. Rockway.
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The article reviews and comments on "City of Women: Sex and Class in New York, 1789-1860," by Christine Stansell.
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The article reviews the book, "The Samuel Gompers Papers. Vol. 1: The Making of a Union Leader, 1850-86," edited by Stuart B. Kaufman, et al.
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This article reviews the book, "Dynamisme humain dans l'excellence organisationnelle," by Pierre-Marc Meunier & Marcel Laflamme.
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This article reviews the book, "International Labour Standards : The Case of Freedom to Strike," by Ruth Ben-Israel.
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This article reviews the book, "La liberté syndicale - Manuel d'éducation ouvrière," by Bureau international du travail.
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The article reviews the book, "The War against the Seals: A History of the North American Seal Fishery," by Briton Cooper Busch.
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This article reviews the book, "Evolution of Labor Relations in Japan: Heavy Industry, 1853-1955," by Andrew Gordon.
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This article reviews the book, "Policing Industrial Disputes: 1893-1985," by Roger Geary.
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The article reviews the book, "Parades and Power: Street Theatre in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia, by Susan G. Davis.
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This paper examines the effect and the constitutionality of the statutory bar as it impacts on workers and their dependents and comments on the significance and the merits of the constitutional challenges to the statutory bar which have already emerged. Statutory reforms which would help alleviate the strains while preserving intact the integrity of the worker compensation system are briefly reviewed.
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This article reviews the book, "The Party That Changed Canada," by Lynn McDonald.
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The article reviews the book, "The New Brunswick Worker in the 20th Century: A Reader's Guide. A Selective Annotated Bibliography = Les Travailleurs en Nouveau-Brunswick au 20eme siècle : un guide au lecteur. Bibliographie choisie et annotée," compiled by David Frank, Carol Ferguson, Richard Clair, Richard McClellan, and Raymond Leger.
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The article reviews and comments on "What is Feminism?' (1986), edited by Juliet Mitchell and Ann Oakley.
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This article reviews the book, "Discrimination, Jobs, and Politics," by Paul Burstein.
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This article reviews the book, "John L. Lewis: A Biography," by Melvyn Dubofsky and Warren Van Tine.
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The article reviews the book, "DP: Lithuanian Immigration to Canada after the Second World War," by Milda Danys.