Full bibliography

The tavern is one of the most overlooked features of the nineteenth-century urban landscape. This article examines the career of one Montreal tavern keeper to illustrate the intricate connections between drink and working-class culture along the Montreal waterfront. Recreation, social services, and labour activities all relied upon the tavern as a working-class stronghold. By the late 1880s, however, the role of the tavern diminished with changes in the harbour's casual labour market and with the successes of the temperance and urban reform movements. This decline influenced the nature of working-class response to industrial capitalism.