Full bibliography

Comparing Hofstede and GLOBE deepens our understanding of the influence of different measures and dimensions of national culture on union membership. Data from the World Values Survey were matched to GLOBE and Hofstede country culture scores (n = 43,867 employees, 32 countries). Union membership was positively related to GLOBE's Institutional Collectivism, but not Hofstede's Individualism; and was negatively related to both Performance Orientation (GLOBE) and Masculinity (Hofstede), suggesting that differences in culture measures may account for prior inconsistent findings. Curvilinear relationships between union membership and Age (inverted U-shaped) and Uncertainty Avoidance (U-shaped) suggest that Uncertainty Avoidance may explain why younger and older people were less likely to be union members.