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Restructuring and the associated political program have thrown British unions onto the defensive. Structural employment shifts have created an imperative for recruitment in previously unorganized areas and, although employers have tended not to reject an established union presence, moves to decentralize bargaining have rendered inappropriate some forms of union organization. In broad terms, 3 interlinked tensions will effect future policy development with each union. They concern: 1. administration and support, 2. individualism and collectivism, and 3. participative and parliamentary forms of representation. A review of policy initiatives since 1979 identifies several shortcomings and suggests that attempts to establish a new agenda have only just begun.