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A large-scale project to introduce a participatory ergonomics approach into 100 health care establishments in France was conducted by a hospital sector union. The project took the form of ergonomics training provided to union delegates to committees responsible for health, safety, and working conditions. Data on the project's progress and results show that when unions had assimilated an ergonomic approach, the view that hospital actors had of one another was modified, as were the relations concerning working condition issues. The conditions for the success, extension and durability of this approach are discussed.