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A study examines the relationship among union status, occupational injury rates, and the probability of collective workers' compensation benefits. The results indicate that union status and occupational injury rates have an especially significant effect on the probability of obtaining workers' compensation. The potential linkages between union occupational health and safety initiatives, actual injuries, reported injuries, and the receipt of workers' compensation are examined. The analysis suggests that the relationship between unionization and occupational risk is complex and difficult to disentangle even with a detailed data set. The finding of more workers' compensation claims for lower wage workers may be related to a higher replacement rate of previous earnings for these individuals. Immigrants have more frequent claims possibly because they face more actual risk in a given job situation because they do not fully understand safety regulations and warnings.