Full bibliography

Evaluating the Prevalence and Distribution of Quasi-formal Employment in Europe

Resource type
Authors/contributors
Title
Evaluating the Prevalence and Distribution of Quasi-formal Employment in Europe
Abstract
To show how formal and informal jobs are not always discrete, this paper uncovers how many formal employees in the European Union are paid two wages by their formal employers, an official declared salary and an additional undeclared wage, thus allowing employers to evade their full social insurance and tax liabilities. Analyzing a 2007 Eurobarometer survey involving 26,659 face-to-face interviews in the 27 member states of the European Union (EU-27), one in 18 formal employees are found to engage in such quasi-formal employment, receiving on average one-quarter of their gross salary on an undeclared basis. Multi-level logistic regression analysis reveals that quasi-formal employment is significantly more prevalent in East-Central Europe, in smaller businesses and the construction sector, and amongst men, younger persons and the lower paid. The paper then briefly reviews what might be done to tackle this illegitimate wage practice.
Publication
Relations Industrielles
Volume
68
Issue
1
Pages
71-94
Date
Winter 2013
Language
English
ISSN
0034379X
Accessed
3/25/15, 4:19 PM
Rights
Copyright Universite Laval - Departement des Relations Industrielles Winter 2013
Citation
Williams, C. C., & Padmore, J. (2013). Evaluating the Prevalence and Distribution of Quasi-formal Employment in Europe. Relations Industrielles, 68(1), 71–94. http://www.erudit.org/revue/ri/2013/v68/n1/index.html