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During the past decade, Canada has experienced a disturbing rise in the number of long-term unemployed workers. The 2-stage Heckman procedure is used to evaluate the impact of training programs targeted to the long-term unemployed. The major finding is that females clearly benefit from these programs in terms of both employment stability and weekly earnings. Females who complete training are estimated to work an additional 11 weeks annually and earn an extra C$47 a week. The results for males are not encouraging, with negative estimates for employability and weekly earnings. It appears that these programs should be increasingly targeted to women, given their superior post-program labor market success. It is also shown that private employer placements are extremely effective training devices. Many trainees make a sufficiently good impression that they are taken on as regular employees.