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The concept of "cooperation" was commonly employed by the Left in Canada in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In this paper I have examined how J.S. Woodsworth used this notion. In fact, he used it in three different ways. One, however, predominated; that is, the idea of cooperation as industrial centralization and integration, monopolies, planning and managerial directedness. Cooperation, and by implication his theory of community, thus became subsumed in an image of industrial society that was hierarchical, coercive, centralist, and bureaucratic. Moreover, I argue that Woodsworth's theories of cooperation and community show an intellectual affinity with certain liberal views of social reality, views that were utilitarian, instrumentalist and individualist.
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This article reviews the book, "The League for Social Reconstruction: Intellectual Origins of the Democratic Left in Canada 1930-1942," by Michiel Horn.
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The Independent Labour Party of Manitoba was established in November 1920, mainly through the efforts of two English immigrants, F.J. Dixon and S.J. Farmer. Dixon was the I.L.P.'s first provincial house leader and Farmer was an I.L.P. M.L.A. from 1922 to 1949, as well as being Mayor of Winnipeg in 1923 and 1924. In their early years in Winnipeg both of them were strong supporters of Henry George's single tax doctrine and militant anti-socialists. This article has two purposes: first, to analyze the political ideas of Dixon and Farmer, and, secondly, to explore the influence of their Georgeite world view on the outlook of the early I.LP.
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James Shaver Woodsworth (1874-1942) stands as one of the half-dozen most important national political figures in twentieth-century Canadian history. Allen Mills acknowledges his outstanding achievements while providing a critical account of the Woodsworth legacy and revising the received opinion of him as a man of unbending conviction and ever-coherent principle. A product of western Canada's pioneer society and a stern Methodist household, Woodsworth grew up to make his way into social service and politcal action. A member of parliament for over twenty years, he rejected the traditional forms of political activity, seeking a new politics and a new political party. The latter turned out to be the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation founded in 1932. Its first leader was Woodsworth himself. In a crucial period between the World Wars, Woodsworth helped define the character of the modern Canadian, non-Marxist Left and of many of Canada's important economic and social institutions. Among them are the welfare state, the Bank of Canada, and Canada's internationalist role in the contemporary world.--Publisher's description.
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