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Creating Economic Opportunities: The Role of Labour Standards in Industrial Restructuring, edited by Werner Sengenberger and Duncan Campbell, is reviewed.
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This article reviews the book, "Worker Dislocation : Case Studies of Causes and Cures," by Robert F. Cook.
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Using a comprehensive collective bargaining data set, we examine dispute resolution patterns of all bargaining units in the province of Ontario over a 10-year period. A central finding is that bargaining units covered by legislation requiring compulsory interest arbitration arrive at impasse 8.7 percent to 21.7 percent more often than bargaining units in the right to strike sectors. Even after controlling for legislative jurisdiction, union, bargaining unit size, occupation, agreement length, time trend, and part-time status, strong evidence was found that compulsory arbitration has both chilling and dependence effects on the bargaining process. The problem of failure to reach negotiated settlements is particularly acute in the health care sector, especially among hospitals. Our results also call into question the use of interest arbitration in a central bargaining context. The centralized structure appears to exacerbate the negative effects of interest arbitration
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Some 24 Relationships by Objectives (RBO) programs conducted by the Education Relations Commission in Ontario were evaluated. An RBO is a form of preventive mediation and applies problem-solving techniques to attempt to reduce such unnecessary conflict as language disputes over grievances, strikes, and the time in negotiations. Mean conflict scores of the RBO boards are compared, before and after RBO, with those of the education sector and a control group of boards. Some evidence is found of a half-life effect for RBO programs since long-run conflict scores returned to pre-RBO levels. However, RBO appears to be effective in reducing conflict as measured by time to reach a settlement and number of grievance arbitrations over language issues.
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This article investigates whether older workers affected by plant closures are more likely to be discouraged from participation in the labor force and to be bitter towards employers as well as whether they are less likely to report career growth in subsequent employment situations. The data indicated that older workers are less likely to report the career-growth effect. In addition, post-closure training activities reduced the likelihood of the discouraged-worker effect for the 45-55 age group. The respondents from the older age groups who undertook post-closure training activities were more likely to report the poisoning effect and less likely to report the career-growth effect. It is argued that the results relate to the definition of the age groups, the transferability of human capital, and the value of community support. The implication of the results for public and institutional policies are discussed.
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Using a large data set of large and small bargaining units, the implications for collective bargaining disputes of the evolution toward small bargaining units and the move to non-traditional forms of representation are examined. It is found that smaller bargaining units, as well as independent unions in both the public and private sectors, are less likely to reach an impasse. This finding supported those hypothesizing the cooperative nature of these organizations. These 2 sets of results suggest that the movement to smaller bargaining units, and towards more independent representation, will result in a higher proportion of directly negotiated settlements in the future. However, a reduced incidence of impasse does not necessarily mean a reduction in industrial conflict. Evidence is found of a shift away from a collective expression of conflict such as strikes, to more individual expressions. Thus, in the future, there may be a greater need for internal conflict resolution systems.
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