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Most examinations of non-citizens in Canada focus on immigrants, people who are citizens-in-waiting, or specific categories of temporary, vulnerable workers. In contrast, Producing and Negotiating Non-Citizenship considers a range of people whose pathway to citizenship is uncertain or non-existent. This includes migrant workers, students, refugee claimants, and people with expired permits, all of whom have limited formal rights to employment, housing, education, and health services. -- Publisher's description. Contents: The conditionality of legal status and rights: conceptualizing precarious non-citizenship in Canada / Luin Goldring and Patricia Landolt -- The museum of illegal immigration: historical perspectives on the production of non-citizens and challenges to immigration controls / Cynthia Wright -- The shifting landscape of contemporary Canadian immigration policy: the rise of temporary migration and employer-driven immigration / Salimah Valiani -- The Canadian Temporary Foreign Worker Program: regulations, practices, and protection gaps / Delphine Nakache -- "This is my life": youth negotiating legality and belonging in Toronto / Julie Young -- Constructing coping strategies: migrants seeking stability in social networks / Katherine Brasch -- The cost of invisibility: the psychosocial impact of falling out of status / Samia Saad -- The social production of non-citizenship: the consequences of intersecting trajectories of precarious legal status and precarious work / Patricia Landolt and Luin Goldring -- Pathways to precarity: structural vulnerabilities and lived consequences for migrant farmworkers in Canada / Janet McLaughlin and Jenna Hennebry -- Precarious immigration status and precarious housing pathways: refugee claimant homelessness in Toronto and Vancouver / Priya Kisoon -- Negotiating the boundaries of membership: health care providers, access to social goods, and immigration status / Paloma E. Villegas -- "People's priorities change when their status changes": negotiating the conditionality of social rights in service delivery to migrant women / Rupaleem Bhuyan -- Getting to "don't ask don't tell" at the Toronto District School Board: mapping the competing discourses of rights and membership / Francisco Villegas -- No one is illegal movements in Canada and the negotiation of counter-national and anti-colonial struggles from within the nation-state / Craig Fortier -- From access to empowerment: the Committee for Accessible AIDS Treatment and its work with people living with HIV-AIDS and precarious status / Alan Li -- Confidentiality and "risky" research: negotiating competing notions of risk in a Canadian university context / Julie Young and Judith K. Bernhard.
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This article explores the relationship between precarious employment and precarious migrant legal status. Original research on immigrant workers' employment experiences in Toronto examines the effects of several measures including human capital, network, labor market variables, and a change in legal status variable on job precarity as measured by an eight-indicator Index of Precarious Work (IPW). Precarious legal status has a long-lasting, negative effect on job precarity; both respondents who entered and remained in a precarious migratory status and those who shifted to secure status were more likely to remain in precarious work compared to respondents who entered with and remained in a secure status. This leaves no doubt that migrant-worker insecurity and vulnerability stem not only from having ‘irregular’ status. We introduce the notion of a work–citizenship matrix to capture the ways in which the precariousness of legal status and work intersect in the new economy. People and entire groups transition through intersecting work–citizenship insecurities, where prior locations have the potential to exert long-term effects, transitions continue to occur indefinitely over the life-course, and gains on one front are not always matched on others.
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