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One of the most salient features of women's earlier contribution to the labour movement in Quebec, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is the prominent and often militant role of female cotton workers. Long before they formed an industrial labour organization, the cotton "girls" rose persistently, in most mills, against various attempts to further appropriate absolute and relative surplus-value. After having formally joined forces with fellow male unionists, they carried with this activism a more acute challenge to managerial prerogatives and patriarchal standards of criminality in a major assault on child and gender-related abuses. The following essay explores, in a comparative mode and from the perspective of the workplace, why female cotton workers were more assertive and have left far greater evidence of their proneness to strike than other women operatives in the boot and shoe industry. It also focuses on two important episodes of female militancy at the Hochelaga and Ste. Anne mills in order to provide a socio-economic context to their activism and to witness how solidarity could evolve rapidly into estrangement over sensitive gender-related issues.
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Cette analyse cherche à démontrer que plusieurs manifestations de «nouveau syndicalisme» semblables à celles observées en Angleterre et dans d'autres régions canadiennes, surgirent du mouvement ouvrier québécois au tournant du vingtième siècle. C'est en raison de leur position particulière au sein du procès de travail que les tisseurs et les tisseuses, ainsi que d'autres ouvriers du coton «semi-qualifiés» donnèrent une dimension -multilatérale» à leurs grèves, de sorte que les conflits de travail eurent tendance à se déployer au-delà d'une seule tâche productive ou des seuls travailleurs qualifiés. Comparativement, les ouvriers en chaussures évoluèrent dans une environnement productif beaucoup plus «parcellisé» et leur lutte surgit et concerna essentiellement les ouvriers masculins les plus qualifiés et leurs fraternités respectives, dans la tradition du syndicalisme de métiers de l'ère victorienne.
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The article reviews the book, "Monopoly's Moment: The Organization and Regulation of Canadian Utilities, 1830-1930," by Christopher Armstrong and H. V. Nelles.
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This article reviews the book, "Whitehall and the Labour Problem in Late-Victorian and Edwardian Britain," by Roger Davidson.
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[E]xamines labour process developments within Canada and Australia during the later 19th and early 20th centuries. In contrast to traditional labour process studies, which have focused upon the development of sophisticated forms of managerial control within modern industry, this comparative analysis stresses the much simpler forms of labour control that existed within Canadian and Australian rural and urban workplaces. The paper explores the reasons underlying differences in labour process developments, and argues for the need to broaden labour process analysis in order to take account of spatial and geographic variations in working life.
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For the purposes of this review, labour studies is defined to encompass various disciplinary approaches, but, in general, this essay focuses on studies of the working class, not just of the labour movement, and material which places the working class in historical perspective. --From authors' introduction
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