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The article reviews the books "Maurice Sugar: Law, Labor, and the Left in Detroit, 1912-1950," by Christopher H. Johnson, and "Two Who Were There: A Biography of Stanley Nowak," by Margaret Collingwood Nowak.

In this paper, we construct an index of the "cost of job loss" — defined as the income that a "representative worker" would lose upon being dismissed or laid off — in Canada between 1953 and 1985. Since this measure captures the monetary cost of unemployment, it is superior to the aggregate unemployment rate as an indicator of the relative bargaining power of capital and labour. Changes in the distribution of income between capital and labour are then considered. It is argued that with the decline in the cost of job loss between 1962 and 1973, the relative bargaining power of workers increased, and real wages rose accordingly. Subsequently, the cost of job loss has risen dramatically and real wages have fallen as capital has sought to restore conditions for rapid rates of accumulation.

The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor was the leading labor organization in North America during the late­ nineteenth century. The entire history of the Knights in Canada spans approximately thirty years (1875-1907). In the early to mid-1880s the Order expanded rapidly throughout the cities, towns, and villages of Ontario. After the mid-1880s, the number of local assemblies across Ontario began to decline. A significant percentage of the Ontario work-force was drawn to the Knights over the course of their history. The Knights were the first North American union to organize workers based on an all-inclusive style of membership. All workers, regardless of skill level, gender, ethnicity, and religion were welcome into the Noble and Holy Order. Historians and social scientists have advanced several competing perspectives on the Knights of Labor. This thesis evaluates the positions that the competing 'labor schools' have advanced on the Order, with special reference to south­ central Ontario in the 1880s. The evaluation the competing labor schools is based on a content analysis of the late-nineteenth century labor press. The main sample selected for this thesis is Hamilton's Palladium of Labor (1883-1886). A combination of primary and secondary data sources are examined in order to build support for one of the competing perspectives that has been advanced on the Knights.

La littérature suggère que les personnes âgées de 45 à 64 ans rencontrent trois groupes de difficultés dans la recherche d'un emploi: les problèmes découlant de l'accessibilité aux programmes gouvernementaux, les pratiques discriminatoires des employeurs et les caractéristiques et faiblesses des personnes concernées. Les auteurs vérifient l'importance relative de ces obstacles auprès de 207 répondants.

Have Mulroney, Reagan and Thatcher beaten labour into the ground? Are unions a spent force? Do ordinary people in Canada, the United States and Great Britain truly believe in the so-called free market? How are the Swedish social democrats handling challenges to their consensus society? Is there indeed a neo-conservative hegemony for the nineteen-nineties? These are some of the questions which the authors of this sixth Socialist Studies Annual try to answer. They present case studies from various countries, using the social and political insights of Gramsci and other progressive thinkers. --Publisher's description

The article reviews the book, "Power and Powerlessness in Industry: An Analysis of the Industrial Relations of Production," by Rosemary Harris.

The article reviews the book "Learning to Earn: School, Work, and Vocational Reform in California, 1880-1930," by Harvey A. Kantor.

Avant de se demander s'il faut renouveler une institution, ii importe de savoir si elle a une chance de survie, si les principes de fond sur lesquels elle repose sont encore valables, enfin si le renouvellement dont elle pourrait avoir besoin vise des aspects substantiels et constitutifs, ou accessoires et accidentels. Je me propose de repondre aces trois questions, d'abord par un coup d'oeil sur l'histoire de la loi en question, ensuite en rappelant les principes de fond qui ont amene son adoption, en 1934, et, finalement, en esquissant quelques conditions de sa survie et de son renouvellement.

The article reviews the book, "Social Workers and Labor Unions," edited by Howard Jacob Karger.

The article reviews the book, "Les Pâtes et Papiers au Québec, 1880-1980 : Technologies, travail et travailleurs," by Jean-Pierre Charland.

The article reviews the book "Trade Unions in Britain Today," by John Mcllroy.

The article reviews the book "Gender at Work: The Dynamics of Job Segregation by Sex during World War II," by Ruth Milkman.

Takes note of articles published in the issue including on the unskilled, the labour/non-labour of women and children, Canadian job loss over the last 30 years, the attitude and ideological underpinning of labour history writing, and the relationship between academics and the labour movement. Discusses the transfer of Canadian Security Intelligence Service records to the National Archives, which had been long promised. Access, however, remains problematic. Explains the increased cost of the journal subscription and two minor corrections to the previous issue are noted, including a book review by VSP rather than BDP.

Describes a visit to the collection of radical pamphlets, primarily 20th-century and mainly Canadian, at the library of the University of Prince Edward Island. The materials were filed by title on two ranges of eight-foot steel shelves running at least 50 to 60 linear feet. Housed at UPEI since the late 1960s, the collection came as part of the library's purchase of the stock of the Blue Heron Book Store in Toronto, which had been run by the bibliographer, Peter Weinrich. Included are at least 62 titles that pertain to communist party leader Tim Buck. [Note: The collection was later transferred to the Memorial University library. See the article, "The International Labour and Radical History Pamphlet Collection at Memorial University of Newfoundland," by Michael Lonardo, published in the journal in Fall 1994.

The article reviews the book, "Reform, Labor and Feminism: Margaret Dreier Robins and the Women's Trade Union League," by Elizabeth Anne Payne.

Three principal features distinguish the contemporary state of research in industrial relations. First, the unsettlement of fixed categories in the theoretical study of state and society turns the attention of political theorists towards this politically charged domain of dynamic order. Second, recent developments within the domain itself challenge the principal approaches whose competition has governed the discipline. Third, the elaboration of the discipline itself yields increased recognition of the need for heightened theoretical and methodological self-awareness. The decade of comparative studies of divergent union density rates between the United States and Canada provide materials for an exploration of these theoretical issues, especially in light of the fact that recent analytical consensuses are called into doubt but the most recent tendencies. A comparative approach oriented to a history-sensitive concept of "labour regimes" offers a method capable of learning from the principal competing analytical strategies, while promoting a more open and reliable research programme than many of those considered. Critical encounters with the work of Lipset, Weiler, Teubner, Panitch and Swartz, and others are complemented by comparative historical study, in order to lay out the main elements of the approach proposed.

Examines academic research on labour in the past five years with a view toward strengthening ties between unions and the academy. Discusses the nature of academic research, currents in the literature, and gaps that need to be addressed. Points to funding challenges and argues that there is a need for interdisciplinary collaboration. Comments on the perception of industrial relations' research, including scholars whose subject background does not foster sympathetic appreciation of working-class issues. Concludes with a set of recommendations for going forward, such as an labour-academic exchange program to improve dialogue and to create integrated approaches that contribute to labour's role in society. The article is based on a literature review, a mailed survey, and interviews with academics.

The article reviews the book, "La Norme et les Déviantes: Des Femmes au Québec pendant l'entre-Deux-Guerres," by Andrée Lévesque.

The article reviews the book, "Détruire le PCF — Archives de V Etat français et de l'occupant hitlérien 1940-1944," by Roger Bourderon and Yvan Avakoumovitch.

Le travail à temps partiel a connu une croissance marquée durant les années 1980. Si ce régime d'emploi reste très répandu chez les jeunes et les personnes autour de l'âge de la retraite, il est en forte croissance chez les 25-44 ans. La féminisation du travail à temps partiel s'est encore accrue et ce régime d'emploi apparaît de plus en plus comme non volontaire. On observe l'avènement d'une nette polarisation. D'un côté, le travail à temps partiel est une forme d'emploi précaire imposée par les mutations du marché du travail. De l'autre, il est recherché comme tel en tant que réponse à des changements dans les façons de vivre des individus, pour qui le travail n 'occupe pas une place centrale dans leur vie. L'emploi à temps partiel est alors pour les uns forme de travail précaire et pour les autres une façon originale de concilier le travail avec la poursuite d'autres activités. La polarisation de l'emploi à temps partiel résulte de la rencontre entre deux types de transformations sociales: celles qui affectent les entreprises et le marché du travail et celles qui marquent les modes de vie et les préférences des individus.