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A study empirically examines the relationships between union status, union involvement, and the performance of gainsharing programs. The predictions of various competing theoretical perspectives are evaluated: 1. the agency/transaction cost approach, 2. the monopoly model, 3. the institutional voice model, and 4. a 2-faces model of labor organization. Gainsharing programs with union involvement in program administration resulted in better perceived performance than average programs in the nonunion sector. However, gainsharing programs in the union sector without union involvement had worse outcomes than those in the nonunion sector. These 2 divergent situations resulted in union status itself having an insignificant relationship with program performance.

The article reviews the book, "Wild Things: Nature, Culture and Tourism in Ontario, 1790-1914," by Patricia Jasen.

[This book] offers a progressive approach to the sociology of work and labour. Each chapter tackles an essential contemporary labour issue and includes original research from top scholars across Canada. The first of four parts is devoted to the contemporary turmoil of working Canadians caused by the upheaval in the manufacturing and service industries. Part Two discusses the tremendous impact of technology on the labour force. Specific case studies raise universal questions. ...Part Three examines issues specific to women in the new and changing workplace. The intrinsic conflict of work and family is established as the context for examining the division of labour inside and outside the family. ...Chapters in the final part examine the loss of manufacturing jobs, and the new realities of unemployment, underemployment, and under-qualification. --Publisher's description (abridged). Contents: Introduction: Debating the future of work (pages 1-5). Part 1. Canadian working lives in turmoil: The traditional workplace transformed (7). Lost horizons, leisure shock: good jobs, bad jobs, uncertain future / Daniel Glenday (8-34)-- From cars to casinos, from work to workfare: the brave new world of Canadian employment / Jamie Swift (35-52)-- The casualization of the labour force / Dave Broad (53-73). Part 2. The new workplace: technology, telework and restructuring (75). Technology and the deskilling of work: the case of passenger agents at Air Canada / Vivian Shalla (76-96 )-- The impact of teleworking on Canadian employment / Kay Stratton Devine, Laurel Taylor, and Kathy Haryett (97-116) -- Health care, hospitals, and reengineering: the nightingales sing the blues / Jerry P. White (117-142). Part 3. Tradition confronts the new employment: women, work, and family (143) -- Always working , never done: the expansion of the double day / Norene Pupo (144-165)-- The part-time solution: toward entrapment or empowerment? / Ann Duffy (166-188). Part 4. Negotiating the margins: unemployment and training (189). Changes in the patterns of unemployment: the new realities of joblessness / Patrick Burman (190-216) -- Living in the credential gap: responses to underemployment and underqualification / David W. Livingston (217-239) -- Editors' conclusion: The jobs crisis: looking ahead (240-43).

The article reviews the book, "Hard Lessons: The Mine Mill Union in the Canadian Labour Movement," edited by Mercedes Steedman, Peter Suschnigg and Dieter K. Buse.

The article reviews the book, "White Guys: Studies in Post-Modern Domination and Difference," by Fred Pfeil.

The article reviews the book, "The Invention of White Race: Racial Oppression and Social Control," Volume 1, by Theodore W. Allen.

The article reviews the book, "Roaring Days: Rossland's Mines and the History of British Columbia," by Jeremy Mouat.

The article reviews the book, "Highwire Act: Power, Pragmatism, and the Harcourt Legacy," by Daniel Gawthrop.

Domestic service was an institution of considerable importance for working-class women and middle-class householders in Canada between 1880 and 1914. Service was instrumental in shaping class relations, in large part because it brought the working class directly into the bourgeois home. It was thus an arena where bourgeois and working-class versions of respectability met, and sometimes clashed. Service was essential to the elaboration of a respectable bourgeois lifestyle, and was considered a satiable occupation for working women, yet the peculiar restrictions of the occupation ensured that domestics would often find the trappings of respectability difficult to maintain. Domestics walked a fine line between 'respectability' and 'deviance'; indeed, in the eyes of many, service was an institution that straddled this line.

The article reviews the book, "Wives and Mothers, Schoolmistresses and Scullery Maids: Working Women in Upper Canada, 1790-1840," by Elizabeth Jane Errington.

The article reviews the book "Seeking the Highest Good: Social Service and Gender at the University of Toronto, 1888-1937," by Sara Z. Burke.

The article reviews the book, "The Union Inspiration in American Politics: The Autoworkers and the Making of a Liberal Industrial Order," by Stephen Amberg.

It is argued that labor's rights have been effectively the rights of working-class men because only men were constructed as family breadwinners for whom collective bargaining was both necessary and legitimate. Working-class women, by contrast, were defined as non-working wives and mothers, so had no claim to steady jobs at good wages or to union representation in their own right. Secondly, PC 1003 accorded rights to men (but not women) inasmuch as it codified an industrial model of workers' rights. Thirdly, PC 1003 supported and encouraged the growth of a male model of collective bargaining. The implications of a gendered analysis of PC 1003 for the study of industrial relations are discussed.

Introduces Canadian postage stamps as a form of public identity, memory and iconography, and applies this lens to the representation on stamps of workers and the labour movement. Analyzes the particular stamps where workers and labour are commemorated, reproductions of which are included are in the article. Compares the relatively small number of Canadian labour stamps to those produced in the UK, Australia, France, and the US. Concludes that there should be greater inclusion of workers and unions in the selection and design of stamps, as recommended by the Canadian Committee on Labour History to Canada Post.

The article reviews the book, "The Revolution Deferred: The Painful Birth of Post-Apartheid South Africa," by Martin J. Murray.

The working conditions of workers who are paid to perform domestic chores by the families in whose homes they live and work have proved to be remarkably resistant to legal regulation. The nature of this resil-ience is both ideological and material. While the logic of formal legal equality has accommodated demands by live-in domestic workers for the gradual extension of protective labour legislation to their work, this extension has been partial and ineffective. --Introduction`

The article reviews the book, "Labour and Unions in a Period of Transition," edited by C. S. Venkata Ratnam, Gerd Botterweck and Pravin Sinha.

A study examines gender differences in the process governing salary disparity between typically female occupations and typically male occupations. The findings indicate that choice of occupation does affect income disparity. The study provides evidence of pay discrimination against men in predominantly female occupations and against women in female- and male-dominated positions. Women did not experience a positive effect by being employed in the public sector, nor did either of the genders working in larger organizations. The implications of the findings for the generalizability of human capital, structural and institutional theories explaining wage disparity in a cross-national context are discussed.

Cet article dresse un portrait des sous-traitants forestiers à l'oeuvre dans le nord-est Ontarien au cours des premières décennies du XXe siècle. À partir d'une source méconnue, les registres forestiers gouvernement aux des districts de Sudbury et de North Bay, Ontario, l'auteur suit l'évolution de 269 sous-traitants échantillonnés. La durée et l'emplacement de leurs activités, leur ethnicité, les volumes et la nature des contrats obtenus, et le nombre d'entreprises avec lesquelles ils font affaires, constituent les variables majeures de cette étude. Bien que la précarité économique ne fasse pas de doute sur certains plans, notamment par l'obligation qui leur est imposée de déménager sans cesse leurs activités et par les fréquentes interruptions de leurs affaires, elle paraît, en bout de course, avoir été exagérée par l'historiographie. En effet, la situation économique des papetières de la région n'est guère plus reluisante que celle des sous-traitants, sans compter que le mode d'attribution des permis de coupe ontariens autorise la présence de plusieurs autres entreprises forestières régionales, de telle sorte qu'il n'y a pas de monopoles régionaux comme c'est le cas au Québec et au Nouveau-Brunswick. En outre, les sous-traitants font preuve dans les contrats obtenus d'une étonnante capacité d'adaptation. // This paper presents a portrait of sub-contracting foresters at work in northeastern Ontario in the opening decades of the 20th century. Drawing upon a little-known source, the provincial forestry registers for Sudbury and North Bay Districts, the author traces the evolution of a sample of 269 sub-contractors. The length and locality of their activities, their ethnicity, the extent and nature of their contracts, and the number of firms they did business with, are the study's main variables. Although there is no doubt about their economic precariousness in some respects, notably the fact that they were constantly moving their operations and suffering frequent interruptions, it appears in the long run to have been exaggerated in the literature. In fact, the economic performance of paper-makers in the region was not much more brilliant than that of the sub-contractors. In addition the way Ontario assigned cutting permits allowed several other regional forestry enterprises to work at the same time. Regional monopolies in the woods, such as we find in Québec and New Brunswick, did not occur. Also, the sub-contractors showed a surprising degree of flexibility by the contracts they negotiated.

This paper addresses: (1) the extent to which changes appear to have occurred in managerial strategies and labour and employment relations in Canadian firms, and (2) the role of the state relative to anonymous economic forces in accounting for Canadian developments. The general findings are that, while there have been a number of significant changes, these have been more moderate than expected by ‘transformation’ theory; furthermore, the Canadian case is consistent with the argument that state actions play a major role relative to more anonymous economic ‘forces’ in accounting for developments in labour and employment relations. It also suggests an alternative model to that typically assumed by transformation theory, one in which state policies and economic conditions are considered to be important not only for their direct effects on employer policies, but also for their indirect effects, through their implications for worker expectations and union militancy. Although these conclusions are tentative and call for more systematic, comparative research, they are consistent with arguments by Burawoy and others that state actions can serve as an important source of labour regulation at the level of the firm.