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In August 1964, the souther Ontario local 523 of the United Electrical and Radio Machine Workers led some 450 female auto-parts workers onto the picket-line. A year later, the same union local led over 1,200 male steelworkers in a strike against the Steel Company of Canada. In both cases, Italian immigrants joined with their non-Italian co-workers in a show of class solidarity. Italian men framed their decision to strike in terms of a manly duty as the family's decision maker and breadwinner; Italian women assumed the role of aggressive labour militant with relative equanimity, while the more outwardly militant Italian men expressed considerable personal uncertainty and fear even while they engaged in a public display of cross-ethnic class solidary. The paper explores how gender, class and ethnicity interact to influence the dynamics of labour militancy in the two strikes, though it also gives due consideration to the structural factors that helped to determine the outcome of both strikes.
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Discusses and provides examples of documentation of Italian radicals in Canada at the Casellario Politico Centrale (Rome), the files of which were extensive during the Fascist dictatorship in Italy (1922-43) since the regime wanted to identify and monitor its opponents. Argues that these materials may be used to write the history of the Italian left/anti-Fascism in Canada as well as contributing to studies of Canadian labour/immigration history and the international anti-fascist movement.
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This collection brings together a wide array of writings on Canadian immigrant history, including many highly regarded, influential essays. Though most of the chapters have been previously published, the editors have also commissioned original contributions on understudied topics in the field. The readings highlight the social history of immigrants, their pre-migration traditions as well as migration strategies and Canadian experiences, their work and family worlds, and their political, cultural, and community lives. They explore the public display of ethno-religious rituals, race riots, and union protests; the quasi-private worlds of all-male boarding-houses and of female domestics toiling in isolated workplaces; and the intrusive power that government and even well-intentioned social reformers have wielded over immigrants deemed dangerous or otherwise in need of supervision.Organized partly chronologically and largely by theme, the topical sections will offer students a glimpse into Canada's complex immigrant past. In order to facilitate classroom discussion, each section contains an introduction that contextualizes the readings and raises some questions for debate. A Nation of Immigrants will be useful both in specialized courses in Canadian immigration history and in courses on broader themes in Canadian history. --Publisher's description. Contents: The Irish in nineteenth-century Canada: class, culture, and conflict -- American Blacks in nineteenth-century Ontario: challenging the stereotypes -- Settling the Canadian West: the 'exotic' continentals -- 'Women's work': paid labour, community-building, and protest -- Men without women: 'bachelor' workers and gendered identities -- Demanding rights, organizing for change: militants and radicals -- Encountering the 'other': society and state responses, 1900s-1930s -- Regulating minorities in 'hot' and 'cold' war contexts, 1939-1960s.
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