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Race and Ethnic Relations in Canada was first published in 1990 by Oxford University Press as a collection of twelve original essays that provided a comprehensive overview of government policies and academic theories that affect the way race and ethnic relations are structured and interpreted in Canada. This second edition takes into account social changes and academic debates of the 1990s and updates materials and arguments in the original edition. The contributors, all leading Canadian sociologists and social scientists, discuss a wide range of topics, including theories of race and ethnicity, demographic trends, the 'vertical mosaic', immigration, multiculturalism, employment equity, policy on Native peoples, and language policy. The book is essential reading for understanding Canada's race and ethnic relations. --Publisher's description. Contents: Part 1: Introduction. Race and Ethnicity / Peter S. Li -- Demographic Overview of Ethnic Origin Groups in Canada / Madeline A. Kalbach, Warren E. Kalbach. Part 2: Race, Ethnicity, and the State. Immigration, Diversity, and Minority Communities / Morton Weinfeld and Lori A. Wilkinson -- State Policies and Practices as Racialized Discourse: Multiculturalism, the Charter, and Employment Equality / Frances Henry and Carol Tator -- Altered State: Federal Policy and Aboriginal Peoples / James Frideres -- The Multiculturalism Debate / Peter S. Li -- Language Policy in Canada / Wilfrid Denis. Part 3: Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity. Revisiting the Vertical Mosaic: Occupational Stratification Among Canadian Ethnic Groups / Hugh Lautard and Neil Guppy -- Studies of Ethnic Identity, Ethnic Relations, and Citizenship / K. Victor Ujimoto -- Intergroup Competition in the Symbolic Construction of Canadian Society / Raymond Breton -- The Political Economy of Race and Ethnicity / Vic Satzewich -- Feminist Intersectional Theorizing / Daiva K. Stasiulis.
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Since the development of the immigrant enclave thesis, there has been a disagreement regarding whether the immigrant enclave hurts or benefits individual immigrants’ earnings. The controversy mainly arises from the imprecise way by which enclave participation is measured and from the difference in performance between entrepreneurs and workers. This study uses data from the 2006 Census of Canada to examine how Chinese immigrants who participate in the mainstream economy and enclave economy differ in earnings. Using “the language used most often at work” to determine enclave participation, the study finds that actual and net earnings of Chinese immigrants in the enclave are lower than those of their counterparts in the mainstream economy. However, when the interaction between human capital and enclave participation is considered, human capital brings a net negative return to enclave participants, but at the same time, a positive effect associated with enclave participation. The positive effect may be understood as coming from unmeasured ethnic and cultural features of the enclave that provide a cushion to lessen the magnitude of income disadvantages in the enclave. The study suggests that there is evidence to support both sides of the debate: enclave participants have lower net returns, but the enclave provides a cushioning effect in reducing earnings disparities. The study suggests that integration policy towards immigrants may consider immigrant enclaves as providing some support to immigrants to soften some disadvantages, but enclaves do not offer the same opportunities as the mainstream economy.
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The university is often regarded as a bastion of liberal democracy where equity and diversity are vigorously promoted. In reality, the university still excludes many people and is a site of racialization that is subtle, complex, and sophisticated. This book, the first comprehensive, data-based study of racialized and Indigenous faculty members' experiences in Canadian universities, challenges the myth of equity in higher education. Drawing on a rich body of survey data, interviews, and analysis of universities' stated policies, leading scholars scrutinize what universities have done and question the effectiveness of their employment equity programs. They also make important recommendations as to how universities can address racialization and fulfill the promise of equity in the academy. --Publisher's description. Contents: Introduction : setting the context -- Representational analysis : comparing Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia -- Differences in representation and employment income of racialized university professors in Canada -- Academic production, reward, and perceptions of racialized faculty members -- "Would never be hired these days" : the precarious work situation of racialized and indigenous faculty members -- The everyday world of racialized and indigenous faculty members in Canadian universities -- "You know why you were hired don't you?" Expectations and challenges in university appointments -- Shifting terrains : a picture of the institutionalization of equity in Canadian universities -- Mechanisms to address inequities in Canadian universities : the performativity of ineffectiveness -- Disciplinary silences : race, indigeneity, and gender in the social sciences -- A dirty dozen : unconscious race and gender biases in the academy -- Conclusion : challenging the myth. Includes bibliographical references (pages 328-355) and index.
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