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This dissertation examines the history of working-class environmentalism. It investigates the relationship between work and the environment and between workers and environmentalists. It presents five case studies that focus on the relationship between workers and the environment in British Columbia from the 1930s to the present, with particular emphasis on the forestry industry. Each case study examines how the interests of workers both intersect and conflict with the interests of environmentalists and how this intersection of interests presented itself throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Additionally, this dissertation examines how the working class has historically been constructed as the adversary of nature or wilderness and aims to explore how the working class, resource workers in particular, have come to symbolize that adversarial relationship. As well, it hopes to answer more epistemological questions about why working class environmentalism has not entered our lexicon and how lacking a sense of the working-class environmentalist serves to shape a discourse in which the history of worker environmentalism has been largely passed over. This study also explores how the collective memory of environmentalism has been constructed to exclude notions of class, and thus how environmentalism and the working class have been constructed as mutually exclusive categories. While this dissertation explores the exclusion of working class environmentalism it also attempts to write the worker-environmentalist back into history and show how teaching working class and labour history can help remedy this exclusion.
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The 1970's saw an explosion of new social movement activism. From the breakup of the New Left into single-issue groups at the end of the 1960's came a multitude of groups representing the peace, environmental, student, women's, and gay liberation movements. This explosion of new social movement activism has been heralded as the age of new radical politics. Many theorists and activists saw new social movements and the issues or identities they represented as replacing the working class as an agent for progressive social change. This article examines these claims through a case study of the quintessential social movement, Greenpeace, exploring Greenpeace Canada from 1971 to 2000 and its relationship to the working class. In order to understand the ideology behind Greenpeace, the author investigates its structure, personnel, and actions. The case study illustrates important contradictions between new social movement theory and practice and how those contradictions affect the working class. In particular, Greenpeace's actions against the seal hunt, forestry in British Columbia, and its own workers in Toronto demonstrate some of the historic obstacles to working out a common labor and environmental agenda.
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This article reviews the book, "Make it a Green Peace! The Rise of Countercultural Environmentalism," by Frank Zelko.
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This article reviews the book, "Empire of Timber: Labor Unions and the Pacific Northwest Forests," by Erik Loomis.
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On 3 February 1989, leaders of the British Columbia labour movement, members of the environmental movement, and representatives from the Nuu-chah-nulth-aht Tribal Council (ntc) gathered to meet at Tin Wis, the ntc meeting space, in Tofino, BC, to discuss an alliance around environmental issues on the West Coast of Vancouver Island. This article takes this meeting, and subsequent alliance, as a way to explore the impact, potential, and contested meanings of alliances forged among workers, environmentalists, and First Nations in British Columbia in the late 20th century and beyond. In this way, the article examines from a historical perspective what sociologists have framed as the period of new social movements.
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Partial contents note: Introduction / Mark Leier -- Teaching labour history and organizing skills with movement activists / Mark Leier -- Teaching the present to learn the past / John-Henry Harter -- Teaching labour history to international students / Dale M. McCartney -- Scripted celebration: issues in commemorating modern labour history / Andrea Samoil.
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